Senior Environmental Scientist Environmental Monitoring ...
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Michael Ensminger, Ph.D. Senior Environmental Scientist Environmental Monitoring/Surface Water Protection Program California Department of Pesticide Regulation
Transcript of Senior Environmental Scientist Environmental Monitoring ...
Michael Ensminger, Ph.D.Senior Environmental ScientistEnvironmental Monitoring/Surface Water Protection ProgramCalifornia Department of Pesticide Regulation
Presentation Outline
• Introduction to DPR/Urban Surface Water Program
• Regulations/Mitigation
• Pyrethroid Surface Water Regulations (2012)
• Bifenthrin Label Changes (2011)
• Fipronil Label Changes (2018)
• Pesticide Sources in Urban Runoff
• Pesticide Reporting Issues
Environmental
MonitoringRegistration
Pest Management and
LicensingHuman Health
Assessment
Worker Health and
Safety Enforcement
DPR “To protect human health and the environment by regulating pesticide
Mission: sales and use, and by fostering reduced-risk pest management”
Surface Water Air
Modeling
Modeling
➢ Current models:
• Registration (Prevention)
• Pesticide Prioritization
• Runoff
➢ Updated with new information
Prevention
➢ First registered by US EPA
➢ DPR registration process:
SWPP evaluates potential of a
new product to adversely affect
surface waters
Assessment
➢ Annual assessment of
monitoring data
➢ Spatial and temporal trends
➢ Detailed multi-year report for
specific pesticides
Mitigation
➢ Develop best management
practices (BMP)
➢ Work with stakeholders to
implement
Monitoring
➢ Urban and agricultural runoff
➢ Multiple events per year
➢ Statewide representation
Outreach
➢ Other regulatory agencies
➢ Professional pesticide
applicators
➢ Public
Regulation
➢ Label restrictions
➢ Regulations
• Statewide
• Regional
Continuous
Reevaluation
Monitoring
Assess-
mentMitigation
Outreach
Regulate
SWQP: Prevention Modeling Monitoring Assessment Mitigation Outreach Regulate
Prevention
Surface
Water
Quality
Protection
world.report.info
Determine presence of pesticide residues in surface waters
Evaluate spatial and temporal trends in concentrations
Evaluate ecological risk of detected concentrations
Surface Water Monitoring Program Objectives
What?
Where and When?
How To Change?
Develop strategies to mitigate pesticides
of concern
How Bad?
What Do We Sample?
***
* ** * * *
***
~14,000 products; 1,000 active ingredients (state)
*
Sprays
Granulars
Repellents
Traps
Insecticides
Herbicides
Fungicides
Rodenticides
What Do We Sample?
Pesticides:
high use active
ingredients
Pesticides: toxic
active ingredients
Toxic and
High use
Use a model to determine those active ingredients
What do we sample?
Chemical
Properties
considered
Prioritization Model used for both Agricultural and Urban Monitoring
Pesticide UseToxicity
Water Sampling
What do we sample?
Sediment Sampling – Pyrethroids, Fipronil
What do we sample?
Where do we sample?
Placer
Alameda Contra Costa
Sacramento
Santa Clara
Agricultural Areas not discussed today
High pesticide use =
high population
Where do we sample?
Placer
Alameda Contra Costa
Sacramento
Santa Clara
San Diego
Los Angeles Orange
Agricultural Areas not discussed today
High pesticide use =
high population
When do we sample?
Dry Season Rain Event
• Runoff from overwatering
lawns, washing cars, etc.
• Typically lower flows
• Sample in the June and August
• Attempt to get the first and last rain
event
• Higher flows
• Sample in the Fall and Winter
How Bad? Pesticides in California Urban Waterways
Pyrethroid
Fipronil
Exceedance of US EPA benchmark
*2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, triclopyr
Det
ecti
on
Fre
qu
en
cy (
%)
How Bad?Detections result in Toxicity
Toxicity mostly associated with pyrethroids, fipronil
How to Change?Mitigation Strategies
Water quality concerns for selected insecticides
U.S. EPA
Pyrethroid
Label Changes
DPR
Surface Water
Regulations for
Pyrethroids
&
Bifenthrin Label
Restrictions
Registrant
Fipronil label
changes
DPR
Surface Water
Regulations for
Pyrethroids
&
Bifenthrin Label
Restrictions
Registrant
Fipronil label
changes
Surface Water Regulations (Pyrethroids)
• Went into effect July 2012
• High: USE - PERSISTENCE - DETECTIONS
TOXICITY
• Professional applicators, including landscape
maintenance (non-agricultural use)
• Objective: Reduce amount of pyrethroids in urban
runoff
Why are we talking about this 7 years later???
• Difference between label and regulations
• PMPs don’t fully know/understand/comply with the regulations
ENF Inspections
Sacramento
Outreach, DPR Contract with UCD
17 Regulated Pyrethroids:The Six “Least Affected”
Active Ingredient Product Example
Bioallethrin Ace Wasp/Hornet Killer
S-bioallethrin Zep Ant & Roach Spray
Phenothrin Wasp & Hornet Killer
Prallethrin Flying Insect Spray
Resmethrin Black Flag Fogging Insecticide
Tetramethrin Ortho Hornet/Wasp Killer 4
If ends in “thrin”, probably a pyrethroid
…except for Pyrethrin!
17 Regulated Pesticides:The 11 A.I. Most Affected
Active Ingredient Product Examples
Bifenthrin Talstar, Masterline, Wisdom
Cyfluthrin Tempo 20 WP, Cy-Kick
Beta-cyfluthrin Tempo SC, Cyguard, Temprid
Gamma-cyhalothrin Standguard
Lambda-cyhalothrin Demand, Cyonara
Cypermethrin Demon Max
Deltamethrin Enforcer, Deltagard, Suspend Polyzone
Esfenvalerate Ortho Bug B Gon, Onslaught
Fenpropathrin Tame
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik
Permethrin Dragnet, Raid, Tengard
Limit pyrethroid applications to impervious surfaces
Bifenthrin Professional Product
LABELs - NO applications to
any impervious surfaces not
protected from
RAIN and SPRINKLERS
Surface Water Regulations (Pyrethroids)
Landscape Maintenance
• Granules with pyrethroids: Sweep granules off impervious surfaces onto the treatment site
• Prohibited Applications: Drainage grates, French drains, landscaped dry river bed, swale, or trench filled with rock, standing water
FIPRONIL
DPR does not endorse any commercial product
• Only registered in urban areas in
California
– Outdoor use by professional applicators
– Structural control, ants
Fipronil Collaboration
Goal:
• Effective mitigation (reduced
concentrations in surface water)
• Maintain practical, effective pest control
• Get ‘everyone to the table’
• Researchers, registrants, PCOs
Backyard.com
*no BM value available
Fipronil CollaborationResearch: UC Riverside
• Washoff potential of fipronil under reduced application scenarios
• Runoff/efficacy Riverside homes
• Reduced runoff
• NO difference in efficacy
Greenburg, 2017
Greenburg, 2017
Fipronil Collaboration
Registrants• Discussions with DPR
• Efficacy data for various dilutions and bandwidth
• Suggestions/recommendations for mitigation
PCOs
• 6” band or pinstream, no applications to hardscape
• Large number of homes: >2,000
• NO change in number of callbacks
Fipronil Collaboration
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Label 6" Pin
Ave
rag
e N
um
be
r o
f M
onth
ly C
all-
backs
Pre-treatment
Restricted Use
Historical Call Back Rate
Restricted Use Study
SUCCESS!
• This was a negotiation. A formal re-evaluation process and regulation was avoided.
• New US EPA labels are enforceable
• Next Steps…
What will we see in our monitoring data?
OUTREACH
DPR Mission: “To protect human health and the environment by
regulating pesticide sales and use, and by
fostering reduced-risk pest management”
Regulate
Pesticide Sources in Urban Runoff
36%
1%
2%
0.01
30%
0.01
1%
3%
1%
26%
PCO Only
PCO+Gardener
PCO+Self
PCO+Self+Gardener
Self Only
Self+Gardener
Self+HOA
Gardener
HOA
None
➢Door-to-door survey in NorCal and SoCal residential neighborhood
➢ 178 participants answered 5 questions concerning pesticide use
City of Roseville Survey = similar results (105 residents)
Sources: DPR Residential Survey
Sources: Pesticide Use By Group*
*Residential use estimated by product sales, outdoor use products only
SW/DPR addressing consumer use through outreach programs
DPR addressing on-line sales of fipronil
• PCOs used esfenvalerate products
in DPR monitoring neighborhoods
in Orange County
• Applicators applied according to
label and regulations
• PCOs Recorded use
(June 2014 – Nov 2016)
• DPR monitored runoff
Esfenvalerate ‘Tracer’ Study – Additonal Evidence of PCO (Professional)
Pesticide Use
Esfenvalerate Study
• Esfenvalerate ended up in urban runoff when PCOs applied according to label and regulations
• Don’t know what study runoff would have been if applied pre-USEPA and DPR label changes
and regulations BUT PCOs are a source of urban pesticide runoff
HELP! We still have more work to do
• Help DPR keep these products on the market!
• Minimize applications to hardscape
• Be aware of wash off potential from hardscape or sprinklers
• Follow label (bifenthrin!) and Surface Water Regulations
• IPM/Greener products when practical
Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR)
Pesticide Use Reporting – Common Errors in Reporting
• Diluted product reported
– Report Concentrate
• Incorrect units
– Gallons when ounces were used
– Program defaults get switched
Pesticide Use Reporting – Common Errors in Reporting
• Diluted product reported
– Report Concentrate
• Typos; For example, recently a PCO corrected in one application:
Product Incorrect Corrected
Termidor SC 279789 OZ 279.789 OZ
1750 lb ai. 1.75 lb ai
Temprid SC 43634 Gallons 4363.4 OZ
88,542 lb ai. 69 lb ai.
• Incorrect units
– Gallons when ounces were used
– Program defaults get switched
Pesticide Use Reporting – Common Errors in Reporting
What is the correct reporting?
A. 70 PK? (What the heck is a PK?!?)
OR
B. 880 g(allons) of active ingredient applied?
I know what “g” is, so I’ll report 880 gallons
Corrected: 70, 1.6 oz 75WSP packets = 112 OZ
active ingredient = 6.2 lb active ingredient
J
Malice 75 WSP
Several reports for March 2017 = 3,105 GA = 18,630 lb active ingredient!!
And Pesticide Use Reporting…
CalAgPermits
And Pesticide Use Reporting…
Errors = bifenthrin use is increasing,
regulations are not effective????
Corrected
use
Correct = use is decreasing, regulations
are likely having an effect!!!
= More restrictions are needed!!! = All is GOOD!!!
Surface Water Outreach Events
Questions?
Mike Ensminger, Ph.D.
Senior Environmental Scientist
