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Transcript of Senate Financial Reform S3217
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Calendar No. 349
111TH CONGRESS2D SESSION S. 3217
To promote the financial stability of the United States by improving account-
ability and transparency in the financial system, to end too big to
fail, to protect the American taxpayer by ending bailouts, to protect
consumers from abusive financial services practices, and for other pur-
poses.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
APRIL 15, 2010
Mr. DODD, from the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, re-
ported the following original bill; which was read twice and placed on the
calendar
A BILL
To promote the financial stability of the United States by
improving accountability and transparency in the finan-
cial system, to end too big to fail, to protect the
American taxpayer by ending bailouts, to protect con-
sumers from abusive financial services practices, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,2
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.1
(a) SHORT TITLE.This Act may be cited as the2
Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010.3
(b) T ABLE OF CONTENTS.The table of contents for4
this Act is as follows:5
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Severability.
Sec. 4. Effective date.
TITLE IFINANCIAL STABILITY
Sec. 101. Short title.
Sec. 102. Definitions.
Subtitle AFinancial Stability Oversight Council
Sec. 111. Financial Stability Oversight Council established.
Sec. 112. Council authority.
Sec. 113. Authority to require supervision and regulation of certain nonbank fi-
nancial companies.
Sec. 114. Registration of nonbank financial companies supervised by the Board
of Governors.
Sec. 115. Enhanced supervision and prudential standards for nonbank financial
companies supervised by the Board of Governors and certain
bank holding companies.
Sec. 116. Reports.
Sec. 117. Treatment of certain companies that cease to be bank holding compa-nies.
Sec. 118. Council funding.
Sec. 119. Resolution of supervisory jurisdictional disputes among member agen-
cies.
Sec. 120. Additional standards applicable to activities or practices for financial
stability purposes.
Sec. 121. Mitigation of risks to financial stability.
Subtitle BOffice of Financial Research
Sec. 151. Definitions.
Sec. 152. Office of Financial Research established.
Sec. 153. Purpose and duties of the Office.
Sec. 154. Organizational structure; responsibilities of primary programmatic
units.
Sec. 155. Funding.
Sec. 156. Transition oversight.
Subtitle CAdditional Board of Governors Authority for Certain Nonbank
Financial Companies and Bank Holding Companies
Sec. 161. Reports by and examinations of nonbank financial companies super-
vised by the Board of Governors.
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Sec. 162. Enforcement.
Sec. 163. Acquisitions.
Sec. 164. Prohibition against management interlocks between certain financial
companies.
Sec. 165. Enhanced supervision and prudential standards for nonbank financial
companies supervised by the Board of Governors and certain
bank holding companies.Sec. 166. Early remediation requirements.
Sec. 167. Affiliations.
Sec. 168. Regulations.
Sec. 169. Avoiding duplication.
Sec. 170. Safe harbor.
TITLE IIORDERLY LIQUIDATION AUTHORITY
Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Orderly Liquidation Authority Panel.
Sec. 203. Systemic risk determination.
Sec. 204. Orderly liquidation.
Sec. 205. Orderly liquidation of covered brokers and dealers.
Sec. 206. Mandatory terms and conditions for all orderly liquidation actions.
Sec. 207. Directors not liable for acquiescing in appointment of receiver.
Sec. 208. Dismissal and exclusion of other actions.
Sec. 209. Rulemaking; non-conflicting law.
Sec. 210. Powers and duties of the corporation.
Sec. 211. Miscellaneous provisions.
TITLE IIITRANSFER OF POWERS TO THE COMPTROLLER OF
THE CURRENCY, THE CORPORATION, AND THE BOARD OF GOV-
ERNORS
Sec. 300. Short title.
Sec. 301. Purposes.
Sec. 302. Definition.
Subtitle ATransfer of Powers and Duties
Sec. 311. Transfer date.
Sec. 312. Powers and duties transferred.
Sec. 313. Abolishment.
Sec. 314. Amendments to the Revised Statutes.
Sec. 315. Federal information policy.
Sec. 316. Savings provisions.
Sec. 317. References in Federal law to Federal banking agencies.
Sec. 318. Funding.
Sec. 319. Contracting and leasing authority.
Subtitle BTransitional Provisions
Sec. 321. Interim use of funds, personnel, and property.
Sec. 322. Transfer of employees.
Sec. 323. Property transferred.
Sec. 324. Funds transferred.
Sec. 325. Disposition of affairs.
Sec. 326. Continuation of services.
Subtitle CFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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Sec. 331. Deposit insurance reforms.
Sec. 332. Management of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Subtitle DTermination of Federal Thrift Charter
Sec. 341. Termination of Federal savings associations.
Sec. 342. Branching.
TITLE IVREGULATION OF ADVISERS TO HEDGE FUNDS AND
OTHERS
Sec. 401. Short title.
Sec. 402. Definitions.
Sec. 403. Elimination of private adviser exemption; limited exemption for for-
eign private advisers; limited intrastate exemption.
Sec. 404. Collection of systemic risk data; reports; examinations; disclosures.
Sec. 405. Disclosure provision eliminated.
Sec. 406. Clarification of rulemaking authority.
Sec. 407. Exemption of venture capital fund advisers.
Sec. 408. Exemption of and record keeping by private equity fund advisers.
Sec. 409. Family offices.Sec. 410. State and Federal responsibilities; asset threshold for Federal reg-
istration of investment advisers.
Sec. 411. Custody of client assets.
Sec. 412. Adjusting the accredited investor standard for inflation.
Sec. 413. GAO study and report on accredited investors.
Sec. 414. GAO study on self-regulatory organization for private funds.
Sec. 415. Commission study and report on short selling.
Sec. 416. Transition period.
TITLE VINSURANCE
Subtitle AOffice of National Insurance
Sec. 501. Short title.
Sec. 502. Establishment of Office of National Insurance.
Subtitle BState-based Insurance Reform
Sec. 511. Short title.
Sec. 512. Effective date.
PART INONADMITTED INSURANCE
Sec. 521. Reporting, payment, and allocation of premium taxes.
Sec. 522. Regulation of nonadmitted insurance by insureds home State.
Sec. 523. Participation in national producer database.
Sec. 524. Uniform standards for surplus lines eligibility.Sec. 525. Streamlined application for commercial purchasers.
Sec. 526. GAO study of nonadmitted insurance market.
Sec. 527. Definitions.
PART IIREINSURANCE
Sec. 531. Regulation of credit for reinsurance and reinsurance agreements.
Sec. 532. Regulation of reinsurer solvency.
Sec. 533. Definitions.
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PART IIIRULE OF CONSTRUCTION
Sec. 541. Rule of construction.
Sec. 542. Severability.
TITLE VIIMPROVEMENTS TO REGULATION OF BANK AND SAV-
INGS ASSOCIATION HOLDING COMPANIES AND DEPOSITORY IN-
STITUTIONS
Sec. 601. Short title.
Sec. 602. Definition.
Sec. 603. Moratorium and study on treatment of credit card banks, industrial
loan companies, and certain other companies under the Bank
Holding Company Act of 1956.
Sec. 604. Reports and examinations of holding companies; regulation of func-
tionally regulated subsidiaries.
Sec. 605. Assuring consistent oversight of permissible activities of depository
institution subsidiaries of holding companies.
Sec. 606. Requirements for financial holding companies to remain well capital-
ized and well managed.
Sec. 607. Standards for interstate acquisitions.Sec. 608. Enhancing existing restrictions on bank transactions with affiliates.
Sec. 609. Eliminating exceptions for transactions with financial subsidiaries.
Sec. 610. Lending limits applicable to credit exposure on derivative trans-
actions, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agree-
ments, and securities lending and borrowing transactions.
Sec. 611. Application of national bank lending limits to insured State banks.
Sec. 612. Restriction on conversions of troubled banks.
Sec. 613. De novo branching into States.
Sec. 614. Lending limits to insiders.
Sec. 615. Limitations on purchases of assets from insiders.
Sec. 616. Regulations regarding capital levels of holding companies.
Sec. 617. Elimination of elective investment bank holding company framework.
Sec. 618. Securities holding companies.
Sec. 619. Restrictions on capital market activity by banks and bank holding
companies.
Sec. 620. Concentration limits on large financial firms.
TITLE VIIIMPROVEMENTS TO REGULATION OF OVER-THE-
COUNTER DERIVATIVES MARKETS
Sec. 701. Short title.
Sec. 702. Findings and purposes.
Subtitle ARegulation of Swap Markets
Sec. 711. Definitions.Sec. 712. Jurisdiction.
Sec. 713. Clearing.
Sec. 714. Public reporting of aggregate swap data.
Sec. 715. Swap repositories.
Sec. 716. Reporting and recordkeeping.
Sec. 717. Registration and regulation of swap dealers and major swap partici-
pants.
Sec. 718. Segregation of assets held as collateral in swap transactions.
Sec. 719. Conflicts of interest.
Sec. 720. Alternative swap execution facilities.
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Sec. 721. Derivatives transaction execution facilities and exempt boards of
trade.
Sec. 722. Designated contract markets.
Sec. 723. Margin.
Sec. 724. Position limits.
Sec. 725. Enhanced authority over registered entities.
Sec. 726. Foreign boards of trade.Sec. 727. Legal certainty for swaps.
Sec. 728. FDICIA amendments.
Sec. 729. Primary enforcement authority.
Sec. 730. Enforcement.
Sec. 731. Retail commodity transactions.
Sec. 732. Large swap trader reporting.
Sec. 733. Other authority.
Sec. 734. Antitrust.
Subtitle BRegulation of Security-Based Swap Markets
Sec. 751. Definitions under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Sec. 752. Repeal of prohibition on regulation of security-based swaps.
Sec. 753. Amendments to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Sec. 754. Segregation of assets held as collateral in security-based swap trans-
actions.
Sec. 755. Reporting and recordkeeping.
Sec. 756. State gaming and bucket shop laws.
Sec. 757. Amendments to the Securities Act of 1933; treatment of security-
based swaps.
Sec. 758. Other authority.
Sec. 759. Jurisdiction.
Subtitle COther Provisions
Sec. 761. International harmonization.
Sec. 762. Interagency cooperation.
Sec. 763. Study and report on implementation.
Sec. 764. Recommendations for changes to insolvency laws.
Sec. 765. Effective date.
TITLE VIIIPAYMENT, CLEARING, AND SETTLEMENT
SUPERVISION
Sec. 801. Short title.
Sec. 802. Findings and purposes.
Sec. 803. Definitions.
Sec. 804. Designation of systemic importance.
Sec. 805. Standards for systemically important financial market utilities and
payment, clearing, or settlement activities.Sec. 806. Operations of designated financial market utilities.
Sec. 807. Examination of and enforcement actions against designated financial
market utilities.
Sec. 808. Examination of and enforcement actions against financial institutions
subject to standards for designated activities.
Sec. 809. Requests for information, reports, or records.
Sec. 810. Rulemaking.
Sec. 811. Other authority.
Sec. 812. Effective date.
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TITLE IXINVESTOR PROTECTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS TO
THE REGULATION OF SECURITIES
Subtitle AIncreasing Investor Protection
Sec. 911. Investor Advisory Committee established.
Sec. 912. Clarification of authority of the Commission to engage in investor
testing.Sec. 913. Study and rulemaking regarding obligations of brokers, dealers, and
investment advisers.
Sec. 914. Office of the Investor Advocate.
Sec. 915. Streamlining of filing procedures for self-regulatory organizations.
Sec. 916. Study regarding financial literacy among investors.
Sec. 917. Study regarding mutual fund advertising.
Sec. 918. Clarification of Commission authority to require investor disclosures
before purchase of investment products and services.
Sec. 919. Study on conflicts of interest.
Sec. 919A. Study on improved investor access to information on investment ad-
visers and broker-dealers.
Sec. 919B. Study on financial planners and the use of financial designations.
Subtitle BIncreasing Regulatory Enforcement and Remedies
Sec. 921. Authority to issue rules related to mandatory predispute arbitration.
Sec. 922. Whistleblower protection.
Sec. 923. Conforming amendments for whistleblower protection.
Sec. 924. Implementation and transition provisions for whistleblower protection.
Sec. 925. Collateral bars.
Sec. 926. Authority of State regulators over Regulation D offerings.
Sec. 927. Equal treatment of self-regulatory organization rules.
Sec. 928. Clarification that Section 205 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940
does not apply to State-registered advisers.
Sec. 929. Unlawful margin lending.
Sec. 929A. Protection for employees of subsidiaries and affiliates of publicly
traded companies.
Sec. 929B. FAIR Fund amendments.
Sec. 929C. Increasing the borrowing limit on Treasury loans.
Subtitle CImprovements to the Regulation of Credit Rating Agencies
Sec. 931. Findings.
Sec. 932. Enhanced regulation, accountability, and transparency of nationally
recognized statistical rating organizations.
Sec. 933. State of mind in private actions.
Sec. 934. Referring tips to law enforcement or regulatory authorities.
Sec. 935. Consideration of information from sources other than the issuer in
rating decisions.Sec. 936. Qualification standards for credit rating analysts.
Sec. 937. Timing of regulations.
Sec. 938. Universal ratings symbols.
Sec. 939. Government Accountability Office study and Federal agency review of
required uses of nationally recognized statistical rating organi-
zation ratings.
Sec. 939A. Securities and Exchange Commission study on strengthening credit
rating agency independence.
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Sec. 939B. Government Accountability Office study on alternative business
models.
Sec. 939C. Government Accountability Office study on the creation of an inde-
pendent professional analyst organization.
Subtitle DImprovements to the Asset-Backed Securitization Process
Sec. 941. Regulation of credit risk retention.Sec. 942. Disclosures and reporting for asset-backed securities.
Sec. 943. Representations and warranties in asset-backed offerings.
Sec. 944. Exempted transactions under the Securities Act of 1933.
Sec. 945. Due diligence analysis and disclosure in asset-backed securities
issues.
Subtitle EAccountability and Executive Compensation
Sec. 951. Shareholder vote on executive compensation disclosures.
Sec. 952. Compensation committee independence.
Sec. 953. Executive compensation disclosures.
Sec. 954. Recovery of erroneously awarded compensation.
Sec. 955. Disclosure regarding employee and director hedging.Sec. 956. Excessive compensation by holding companies of depository institu-
tions.
Sec. 957. Voting by brokers.
Subtitle FImprovements to the Management of the Securities and
Exchange Commission
Sec. 961. Report and certification of internal supervisory controls.
Sec. 962. Triennial report on personnel management.
Sec. 963. Annual financial controls audit.
Sec. 964. Report on oversight of national securities associations.
Sec. 965. Compliance examiners.
Sec. 966. Suggestion program for employees of the Commission.
Subtitle GStrengthening Corporate Governance
Sec. 971. Election of directors by majority vote in uncontested elections.
Sec. 972. Proxy access.
Sec. 973. Disclosures regarding chairman and CEO structures.
Subtitle HMunicipal Securities
Sec. 975. Regulation of municipal securities and changes to the board of the
MSRB.
Sec. 976. Government Accountability Office study of increased disclosure to in-
vestors.
Sec. 977. Government Accountability Office study on the municipal securitiesmarkets.
Sec. 978. Study of funding for Government Accounting Standards Board.
Sec. 979. Commission Office of Municipal Securities.
Subtitle IPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board, Portfolio Margining,
and Other Matters
Sec. 981. Authority to share certain information with foreign authorities.
Sec. 982. Oversight of brokers and dealers.
Sec. 983. Portfolio margining.
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Sec. 984. Loan or borrowing of securities.
Sec. 985. Technical corrections to Federal securities laws.
Sec. 986. Conforming amendments relating to repeal of the Public Utility Hold-
ing Company Act of 1935.
Sec. 987. Amendment to definition of material loss and nonmaterial losses to
the Deposit Insurance Fund for purposes of Inspector General
reviews.Sec. 988. Amendment to definition of material loss and nonmaterial losses to
the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund for purposes
of Inspector General reviews.
Sec. 989. Government Accountability Office study on proprietary trading.
Sec. 989A. Senior investor protections.
Sec. 989B. Changes in appointment of certain Inspectors General.
Subtitle JSelf-funding of the Securities and Exchange Commission
Sec. 991. Securities and Exchange Commission self-funding.
TITLE XBUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION
Sec. 1001. Short title.Sec. 1002. Definitions.
Subtitle ABureau of Consumer Financial Protection
Sec. 1011. Establishment of the Bureau.
Sec. 1012. Executive and administrative powers.
Sec. 1013. Administration.
Sec. 1014. Consumer Advisory Board.
Sec. 1015. Coordination.
Sec. 1016. Appearances before and reports to Congress.
Sec. 1017. Funding; penalties and fines.
Sec. 1018. Effective date.
Subtitle BGeneral Powers of the Bureau
Sec. 1021. Purpose, objectives, and functions.
Sec. 1022. Rulemaking authority.
Sec. 1023. Review of Bureau regulations.
Sec. 1024. Supervision of nondepository covered persons.
Sec. 1025. Supervision of very large banks, savings associations, and credit
unions.
Sec. 1026. Other banks, savings associations, and credit unions.
Sec. 1027. Limitations on authorities of the Bureau; preservation of authori-
ties.
Sec. 1028. Authority to restrict mandatory pre-dispute arbitration.
Sec. 1029. Effective date.
Subtitle CSpecific Bureau Authorities
Sec. 1031. Prohibiting unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices.
Sec. 1032. Disclosures.
Sec. 1033. Consumer rights to access information.
Sec. 1034. Response to consumer complaints and inquiries.
Sec. 1035. Private education loan ombudsman.
Sec. 1036. Prohibited acts.
Sec. 1037. Effective date.
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Subtitle DPreservation of State Law
Sec. 1041. Relation to State law.
Sec. 1042. Preservation of enforcement powers of States.
Sec. 1043. Preservation of existing contracts.
Sec. 1044. State law preemption standards for national banks and subsidiaries
clarified.
Sec. 1045. Clarification of law applicable to nondepository institution subsidi-
aries.
Sec. 1046. State law preemption standards for Federal savings associations and
subsidiaries clarified.
Sec. 1047. Visitorial standards for national banks and savings associations.
Sec. 1048. Effective date.
Subtitle EEnforcement Powers
Sec. 1051. Definitions.
Sec. 1052. Investigations and administrative discovery.
Sec. 1053. Hearings and adjudication proceedings.
Sec. 1054. Litigation authority.
Sec. 1055. Relief available.Sec. 1056. Referrals for criminal proceedings.
Sec. 1057. Employee protection.
Sec. 1058. Effective date.
Subtitle FTransfer of Functions and Personnel; Transitional Provisions
Sec. 1061. Transfer of consumer financial protection functions.
Sec. 1062. Designated transfer date.
Sec. 1063. Savings provisions.
Sec. 1064. Transfer of certain personnel.
Sec. 1065. Incidental transfers.
Sec. 1066. Interim authority of the Secretary.
Sec. 1067. Transition oversight.
Subtitle GRegulatory Improvements
Sec. 1071. Collection of deposit account data.
Sec. 1072. Small business data collection.
Sec. 1073. GAO study on the effectiveness and impact of various appraisal
methods.
Sec. 1074. Prohibition on certain prepayment penalties.
Sec. 1075. Assistance for economically vulnerable individuals and families.
Sec. 1076. Remittance transfers.
Subtitle HConforming Amendments
Sec. 1081. Amendments to the Inspector General Act.Sec. 1082. Amendments to the Privacy Act of 1974.
Sec. 1083. Amendments to the Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act of
1982.
Sec. 1084. Amendments to the Electronic Fund Transfer Act.
Sec. 1085. Amendments to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act.
Sec. 1086. Amendments to the Expedited Funds Availability Act.
Sec. 1087. Amendments to the Fair Credit Billing Act.
Sec. 1088. Amendments to the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the Fair and Ac-
curate Credit Transactions Act.
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(1) AFFILIATE.The term affiliate means1
any company that controls, is controlled by, or is2
under common control with another company.3
(2) APPROPRIATE FEDERAL BANKING AGEN-4
CY.On and after the transfer date, the term ap-5
propriate Federal banking agency has the same6
meaning as in section 3(q) of the Federal Deposit7
Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(q)), as amended by8
title III.9
(3) BOARD OF GOVERNORS.The term Board10
of Governors means the Board of Governors of the11
Federal Reserve System.12
(4) BUREAU.The term Bureau means the13
Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection estab-14
lished under title X.15
(5) COMMISSION.The term Commission16
means the Securities and Exchange Commission, ex-17
cept in the context of the Commodity Futures Trad-18
ing Commission.19
(6) CORPORATION.The term Corporation20
means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.21
(7) COUNCIL.The term Council means the22
Financial Stability Oversight Council established23
under title I.24
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(8) CREDIT UNION.The term credit union1
means a Federal credit union, State credit union, or2
State-chartered credit union, as those terms are de-3
fined in section 101 of the Federal Credit Union Act4
(12 U.S.C. 1752).5
(9) FEDERAL BANKING AGENCY.The term6
(A) Federal banking agency means, indi-7
vidually, the Board of Governors, the Office of8
the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Cor-9
poration; and10
(B) Federal banking agencies means all11
of the agencies referred to in subparagraph (A),12
collectively.13
(10) FUNCTIONALLY REGULATED SUB-14
SIDIARY.The term functionally regulated sub-15
sidiary has the same meaning as in section 5(c)(5)16
of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (1217
U.S.C. 1844(c)(5)).18
(11) PRIMARY FINANCIAL REGULATORY AGEN-19
CY.The term primary financial regulatory agen-20
cy means21
(A) the appropriate Federal banking agen-22
cy, with respect to institutions described in sec-23
tion 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act,24
except to the extent that an institution is or the25
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activities of an institution are otherwise subject1
to the jurisdiction of an agency listed in sub-2
paragraph (B), (C), (D), or (E);3
(B) the Securities and Exchange Commis-4
sion, with respect to5
(i) any broker or dealer that is reg-6
istered with the Commission under the Se-7
curities Exchange Act of 1934;8
(ii) any investment company that is9
registered with the Commission under the10
Investment Company Act of 1940;11
(iii) any investment adviser that is12
registered with the Commission under the13
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, with re-14
spect to the investment advisory activities15
of such company and activities that are in-16
cidental to such advisory activities; and17
(iv) any clearing agency registered18
with the Commission under the Securities19
Exchange Act of 1934;20
(C) the Commodity Futures Trading Com-21
mission, with respect to any futures commission22
merchant, any commodity trading adviser, and23
any commodity pool operator registered with24
the Commodity Futures Trading Commission25
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under the Commodity Exchange Act, with re-1
spect to the commodities activities of such enti-2
ty and activities that are incidental to such3
commodities activities;4
(D) the State insurance authority of the5
State in which an insurance company is domi-6
ciled, with respect to the insurance activities7
and activities that are incidental to such insur-8
ance activities of an insurance company that is9
subject to supervision by the State insurance10
authority under State insurance law; and11
(E) the Federal Housing Finance Agency,12
with respect to Federal Home Loan Banks or13
the Federal Home Loan Bank System, and14
with respect to the Federal National Mortgage15
Association or the Federal Home Loan Mort-16
gage Corporation.17
(12) PRUDENTIAL STANDARDS.The term18
prudential standards means enhanced supervision19
and regulatory standards developed by the Board of20
Governors under section 115 or 165.21
(13) SECRETARY.The term Secretary22
means the Secretary of the Treasury.23
(14) SECURITIES TERMS.The24
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(A) terms broker, dealer, issuer,1
nationally recognized statistical ratings organi-2
zation, security, and securities laws have3
the same meanings as in section 3 of the Secu-4
rities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c);5
(B) term investment adviser has the6
same meaning as in section 202 of the Invest-7
ment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80b2);8
and9
(C) term investment company has the10
same meaning as in section 3 of the Investment11
Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a3).12
(15) STATE.The term State means any13
State, commonwealth, territory, or possession of the14
United States, the District of Columbia, the Com-15
monwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the16
Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam,17
or the United States Virgin Islands.18
(16) TRANSFER DATE.The term transfer19
date means the date established under section 311.20
(17) OTHER INCORPORATED DEFINITIONS.21
(A) FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE ACT.22
The terms affiliate, bank, bank holding23
company, control (when used with respect to24
a depository institution), deposit, depository25
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institution, Federal depository institution,1
Federal savings association, foreign bank,2
including, insured branch, insured deposi-3
tory institution, national member bank,4
national nonmember bank, savings associa-5
tion, State bank, State depository institu-6
tion, State member bank, State non-7
member bank, State savings association,8
and subsidiary have the same meanings as in9
section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act10
(12 U.S.C. 1813).11
(B) HOLDING COMPANIES.The term12
(i) bank holding company has the13
same meaning as in section 2 of the Bank14
Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C.15
1841);16
(ii) financial holding company has17
the same meaning as in section 2(p) of the18
Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (1219
U.S.C. 1841(p)); and20
(iii) savings and loan holding com-21
pany has the same meaning as in section22
10 of the Home Owners Loan Act (1223
U.S.C. 1467a(a)).24
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SEC. 3. SEVERABILITY.1
If any provision of this Act, an amendment made by2
this Act, or the application of such provision or amend-3
ment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconsti-4
tutional, the remainder of this Act, the amendments made5
by this Act, and the application of the provisions of such6
to any person or circumstance shall not be affected there-7
by.8
SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE.9
Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Act10
or the amendments made by this Act, this Act and such11
amendments shall take effect 1 day after the date of en-12
actment of this Act.13
TITLE IFINANCIAL STABILITY14
SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.15
This title may be cited as the Financial Stability Act16
of 2010.17
SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS.18
(a) IN GENERAL.For purposes of this title, unless19
the context otherwise requires, the following definitions20
shall apply:21
(1) B ANK HOLDING COMPANY.The term22
bank holding company has the same meaning as23
in section 2 of the Bank Holding Company Act of24
1956 (12 U.S.C. 1841). A foreign bank or company25
that is treated as a bank holding company for pur-26
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poses of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956,1
pursuant to section 8(a) of the International Bank-2
ing Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3106(a)), shall be treat-3
ed as a bank holding company for purposes of this4
title.5
(2) CHAIRPERSON.The term Chairperson6
means the Chairperson of the Council.7
(3) MEMBER AGENCY.The term member8
agency means an agency represented by a voting9
member of the Council.10
(4) NONBANK FINANCIAL COMPANY DEFINI-11
TIONS.12
(A) FOREIGN NONBANK FINANCIAL COM-13
PANY.The term foreign nonbank financial14
company means a company (other than a com-15
pany that is, or is treated in the United States16
as, a bank holding company or a subsidiary17
thereof) that is18
(i) incorporated or organized in a19
country other than the United States; and20
(ii) substantially engaged in, including21
through a branch in the United States, ac-22
tivities in the United States that are finan-23
cial in nature (as defined in section 4(k) of24
the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956).25
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(B) U.S. NONBANK FINANCIAL COM-1
PANY.The term U.S. nonbank financial com-2
pany means a company (other than a bank3
holding company or a subsidiary thereof, or a4
Farm Credit System institution chartered and5
subject to the provisions of the Farm Credit6
Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et. seq.)) that7
is8
(i) incorporated or organized under9
the laws of the United States or any State;10
and11
(ii) substantially engaged in activities12
in the United States that are financial in13
nature (as defined in section 4(k) of the14
Bank Holding Company Act of 1956).15
(C) NONBANK FINANCIAL COMPANY.The16
term nonbank financial company means a17
U.S. nonbank financial company and a foreign18
nonbank financial company.19
(D) NONBANK FINANCIAL COMPANY SU-20
PERVISED BY THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS.21
The term nonbank financial company super-22
vised by the Board of Governors means a23
nonbank financial company that the Council24
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has determined under section 113 shall be su-1
pervised by the Board of Governors.2
(5) OFFICE OF FINANCIAL RESEARCH.The3
term Office of Financial Research means the of-4
fice established under section 152.5
(6) SIGNIFICANT INSTITUTIONS.The terms6
significant nonbank financial company and sig-7
nificant bank holding company have the meanings8
given those terms by rule of the Board of Governors.9
(b) DEFINITIONAL CRITERIA.The Board of Gov-10
ernors shall establish, by regulation, the criteria to deter-11
mine whether a company is substantially engaged in activi-12
ties in the United States that are financial in nature (as13
defined in section 4(k) of the Bank Holding Company Act14
of 1956) for purposes of the definitions of the terms U.S.15
nonbank financial company and foreign nonbank finan-16
cial company under subsection (a)(4).17
(c) FOREIGN NONBANK FINANCIAL COMPANIES.18
For purposes of the authority of the Board of Governors19
under this title with respect to foreign nonbank financial20
companies, references in this title to company or sub-21
sidiary include only the United States activities and sub-22
sidiaries of such foreign company.23
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Subtitle AFinancial Stability1
Oversight Council2
SEC. 111. FINANCIAL STABILITY OVERSIGHT COUNCIL ES-3
TABLISHED.4
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.Effective on the date of en-5
actment of this Act, there is established the Financial Sta-6
bility Oversight Council.7
(b) MEMBERSHIP.The Council shall consist of the8
following members:9
(1) VOTING MEMBERS.The voting members,10
who shall each have 1 vote on the Council shall be11
(A) the Secretary of the Treasury, who12
shall serve as Chairperson of the Council;13
(B) the Chairman of the Board of Gov-14
ernors;15
(C) the Comptroller of the Currency;16
(D) the Director of the Bureau;17
(E) the Chairman of the Commission;18
(F) the Chairperson of the Corporation;19
(G) the Chairperson of the Commodity Fu-20
tures Trading Commission;21
(H) the Director of the Federal Housing22
Finance Agency; and23
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(I) an independent member appointed by1
the President, by and with the advice and con-2
sent of the Senate, having insurance expertise.3
(2) NONVOTING MEMBERS.The Director of4
the Office of Financial Research5
(A) shall serve in an advisory capacity as6
a nonvoting member of the Council; and7
(B) may not be excluded from any of the8
proceedings, meetings, discussions, or delibera-9
tions of the Council.10
(c) TERMS; VACANCY.11
(1) TERMS.The independent member of the12
Council shall serve for a term of 6 years.13
(2) VACANCY.Any vacancy on the Council14
shall be filled in the manner in which the original15
appointment was made.16
(3) ACTING OFFICIALS MAY SERVE.In the17
event of a vacancy in the office of the head of a18
member agency or department, and pending the ap-19
pointment of a successor, or during the absence or20
disability of the head of a member agency or depart-21
ment, the acting head of the member agency or de-22
partment shall serve as a member of the Council in23
the place of that agency or department head.24
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(d) TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONALADVISORY COM-1
MITTEES.The Council may appoint such special advi-2
sory, technical, or professional committees as may be use-3
ful in carrying out the functions of the Council, including4
an advisory committee consisting of State regulators, and5
the members of such committees may be members of the6
Council, or other persons, or both.7
(e) MEETINGS.8
(1) TIMING.The Council shall meet at the call9
of the Chairperson or a majority of the members10
then serving, but not less frequently than quarterly.11
(2) RULES FOR CONDUCTING BUSINESS.The12
Council shall adopt such rules as may be necessary13
for the conduct of the business of the Council. Such14
rules shall be rules of agency organization, proce-15
dure, or practice for purposes of section 553 of title16
5, United States Code.17
(f) VOTING.Unless otherwise specified, the Council18
shall make all decisions that it is authorized or required19
to make by a majority vote of the members then serving.20
(g) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FACA.The Federal Ad-21
visory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to22
the Council, or to any special advisory, technical, or pro-23
fessional committee appointed by the Council, except that,24
if an advisory, technical, or professional committee has25
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one or more members who are not employees of or affili-1
ated with the United States Government, the Council shall2
publish a list of the names of the members of such com-3
mittee.4
(h) ASSISTANCE FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES.Any5
department or agency of the United States may provide6
to the Council and any special advisory, technical, or pro-7
fessional committee appointed by the Council, such serv-8
ices, funds, facilities, staff, and other support services as9
the Council may determine advisable.10
(i) COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS.11
(1) FEDERAL EMPLOYEE MEMBERS.All mem-12
bers of the Council who are officers or employees of13
the United States shall serve without compensation14
in addition to that received for their services as offi-15
cers or employees of the United States.16
(2) COMPENSATION FOR NON-FEDERAL MEM-17
BER.Section 5314 of title 5, United States Code,18
is amended by adding at the end the following:19
Independent Member of the Financial Stability20
Oversight Council (1)..21
(j) DETAIL OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES.Any em-22
ployee of the Federal Government may be detailed to the23
Council without reimbursement, and such detail shall be24
without interruption or loss of civil service status or privi-25
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lege. An employee of the Federal Government detailed to1
the Council shall report to and be subject to oversight by2
the Council during the assignment to the Council, and3
shall be compensated by the department or agency from4
which the employee was detailed.5
SEC. 112. COUNCIL AUTHORITY.6
(a) PURPOSES AND DUTIES OF THE COUNCIL.7
(1) IN GENERAL.The purposes of the Council8
are9
(A) to identify risks to the financial sta-10
bility of the United States that could arise from11
the material financial distress or failure of12
large, interconnected bank holding companies or13
nonbank financial companies;14
(B) to promote market discipline, by elimi-15
nating expectations on the part of shareholders,16
creditors, and counterparties of such companies17
that the Government will shield them from18
losses in the event of failure; and19
(C) to respond to emerging threats to the20
stability of the United States financial markets.21
(2) DUTIES.The Council shall, in accordance22
with this title23
(A) collect information from member agen-24
cies and other Federal and State financial regu-25
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latory agencies and, if necessary to assess risks1
to the United States financial system, direct the2
Office of Financial Research to collect informa-3
tion from bank holding companies and nonbank4
financial companies;5
(B) provide direction to, and request data6
and analyses from, the Office of Financial Re-7
search to support the work of the Council;8
(C) monitor the financial services market-9
place in order to identify potential threats to10
the financial stability of the United States;11
(D) facilitate information sharing and co-12
ordination among the member agencies and13
other Federal and State agencies regarding do-14
mestic financial services policy development,15
rulemaking, examinations, reporting require-16
ments, and enforcement actions;17
(E) recommend to the member agencies18
general supervisory priorities and principles re-19
flecting the outcome of discussions among the20
member agencies;21
(F) identify gaps in regulation that could22
pose risks to the financial stability of the23
United States;24
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(G) require supervision by the Board of1
Governors for nonbank financial companies that2
may pose risks to the financial stability of the3
United States in the event of their material fi-4
nancial distress or failure, pursuant to section5
113;6
(H) make recommendations to the Board7
of Governors concerning the establishment of8
heightened prudential standards for risk-based9
capital, leverage, liquidity, contingent capital,10
resolution plans and credit exposure reports,11
concentration limits, enhanced public disclo-12
sures, and overall risk management for13
nonbank financial companies and large, inter-14
connected bank holding companies supervised15
by the Board of Governors;16
(I) identify systemically important finan-17
cial market utilities and payment, clearing, and18
settlement activities (as that term is defined in19
title VIII), and require such utilities and activi-20
ties to be subject to standards established by21
the Board of Governors;22
(J) make recommendations to primary fi-23
nancial regulatory agencies to apply new or24
heightened standards and safeguards for finan-25
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cial activities or practices that could create or1
increase risks of significant liquidity, credit, or2
other problems spreading among bank holding3
companies, nonbank financial companies, and4
United States financial markets;5
(K) make determinations regarding exemp-6
tions in title VII, where necessary;7
(L) provide a forum for8
(i) discussion and analysis of emerg-9
ing market developments and financial reg-10
ulatory issues; and11
(ii) resolution of jurisdictional dis-12
putes among the members of the Council;13
and14
(M) annually report to and testify before15
Congress on16
(i) the activities of the Council;17
(ii) significant financial market devel-18
opments and potential emerging threats to19
the financial stability of the United States;20
(iii) all determinations made under21
section 113 or title VIII, and the basis for22
such determinations; and23
(iv) recommendations24
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(I) to enhance the integrity, effi-1
ciency, competitiveness, and stability2
of United States financial markets;3
(II) to promote market discipline;4
and5
(III) to maintain investor con-6
fidence.7
(b) AUTHORITY TO OBTAIN INFORMATION.8
(1) IN GENERAL.The Council may receive,9
and may request the submission of, any data or in-10
formation from the Office of Financial Research and11
member agencies, as necessary12
(A) to monitor the financial services mar-13
ketplace to identify potential risks to the finan-14
cial stability of the United States; or15
(B) to otherwise carry out any of the pro-16
visions of this title.17
(2) SUBMISSIONS BY THE OFFICE AND MEMBER18
AGENCIES.Notwithstanding any other provision of19
law, the Office of Financial Research and any mem-20
ber agency are authorized to submit information to21
the Council.22
(3) FINANCIAL DATA COLLECTION.23
(A) IN GENERAL.The Council, acting24
through the Office of Financial Research, may25
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require the submission of periodic and other re-1
ports from any nonbank financial company or2
bank holding company for the purpose of as-3
sessing the extent to which a financial activity4
or financial market in which the nonbank finan-5
cial company or bank holding company partici-6
pates, or the nonbank financial company or7
bank holding company itself, poses a threat to8
the financial stability of the United States.9
(B) MITIGATION OF REPORT BURDEN.10
Before requiring the submission of reports from11
any nonbank financial company or bank holding12
company that is regulated by a member agency13
or any primary financial regulatory agency, the14
Council, acting through the Office of Financial15
Research, shall coordinate with such agencies16
and shall, whenever possible, rely on informa-17
tion available from the Office of Financial Re-18
search or such agencies.19
(4) BACK-UP EXAMINATION BY THE BOARD OF20
GOVERNORS.If the Council is unable to determine21
whether the financial activities of a nonbank finan-22
cial company pose a threat to the financial stability23
of the United States, based on information or re-24
ports obtained under paragraph (3), discussions with25
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management, and publicly available information, the1
Council may request the Board of Governors, and2
the Board of Governors is authorized, to conduct an3
examination of the nonbank financial company for4
the sole purpose of determining whether the5
nonbank financial company should be supervised by6
the Board of Governors for purposes of this title.7
(5) CONFIDENTIALITY.8
(A) IN GENERAL.The Council, the Office9
of Financial Research, and the other member10
agencies shall maintain the confidentiality of11
any data, information, and reports submitted12
under this subsection and subtitle B.13
(B) RETENTION OF PRIVILEGE.The sub-14
mission of any nonpublicly available data or in-15
formation under this subsection and subtitle B16
shall not constitute a waiver of, or otherwise af-17
fect, any privilege arising under Federal or18
State law (including the rules of any Federal or19
State court) to which the data or information is20
otherwise subject.21
(C) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT.22
Section 552 of title 5, United States Code, in-23
cluding the exceptions thereunder, shall apply24
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to any data or information submitted under this1
subsection and subtitle B.2
SEC. 113. AUTHORITY TO REQUIRE SUPERVISION AND REG-3
ULATION OF CERTAIN NONBANK FINANCIAL4
COMPANIES.5
(a) U.S. NONBANK FINANCIAL COMPANIES SUPER-6
VISED BY THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS.7
(1) DETERMINATION.The Council, on a non-8
delegable basis and by a vote of not fewer than 239
of the members then serving, including an affirma-10
tive vote by the Chairperson, may determine that a11
U.S. nonbank financial company shall be supervised12
by the Board of Governors and shall be subject to13
prudential standards, in accordance with this title, if14
the Council determines that material financial dis-15
tress at the U.S. nonbank financial company would16
pose a threat to the financial stability of the United17
States.18
(2) CONSIDERATIONS.Each determination19
under paragraph (1) shall be based on a consider-20
ation by the Council of21
(A) the degree of leverage of the company;22
(B) the amount and nature of the financial23
assets of the company;24
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(C) the amount and types of the liabilities1
of the company, including the degree of reliance2
on short-term funding;3
(D) the extent and types of the off-bal-4
ance-sheet exposures of the company;5
(E) the extent and types of the trans-6
actions and relationships of the company with7
other significant nonbank financial companies8
and significant bank holding companies;9
(F) the importance of the company as a10
source of credit for households, businesses, and11
State and local governments and as a source of12
liquidity for the United States financial system;13
(G) the recommendation, if any, of a mem-14
ber of the Council;15
(H) the operation of, or ownership interest16
in, any clearing, settlement, or payment busi-17
ness of the company;18
(I) the extent to which19
(i) assets are managed rather than20
owned by the company; and21
(ii) ownership of assets under man-22
agement is diffuse; and23
(J) any other factors that the Council24
deems appropriate.25
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(b) FOREIGN NONBANK FINANCIAL COMPANIES SU-1
PERVISED BY THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS.2
(1) DETERMINATION.The Council, on a non-3
delegable basis and by a vote of not fewer than 234
of the members then serving, including an affirma-5
tive vote by the Chairperson, may determine that a6
foreign nonbank financial company that has sub-7
stantial assets or operations in the United States8
shall be supervised by the Board of Governors and9
shall be subject to prudential standards in accord-10
ance with this title, if the Council determines that11
material financial distress at the foreign nonbank fi-12
nancial company would pose a threat to the financial13
stability of the United States.14
(2) CONSIDERATIONS.Each determination15
under paragraph (1) shall be based on a consider-16
ation by the Council of17
(A) the degree of leverage of the company;18
(B) the amount and nature of the United19
States financial assets of the company;20
(C) the amount and types of the liabilities21
of the company used to fund activities and op-22
erations in the United States, including the de-23
gree of reliance on short-term funding;24
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(D) the extent of the United States-related1
off-balance-sheet exposure of the company;2
(E) the extent and type of the transactions3
and relationships of the company with other4
significant nonbank financial companies and5
bank holding companies;6
(F) the importance of the company as a7
source of credit for United States households,8
businesses, and State and local governments,9
and as a source of liquidity for the United10
States financial system;11
(G) the recommendation, if any, of a mem-12
ber of the Council;13
(H) the extent to which14
(i) assets are managed rather than15
owned by the company; and16
(ii) ownership of assets under man-17
agement is diffuse; and18
(I) any other factors that the Council19
deems appropriate.20
(c) REEVALUATION AND RESCISSION.The Council21
shall22
(1) not less frequently than annually, reevaluate23
each determination made under subsections (a) and24
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(b) with respect to each nonbank financial company1
supervised by the Board of Governors; and2
(2) rescind any such determination, if the3
Council, by a vote of not fewer than 23 of the mem-4
bers then serving, including an affirmative vote by5
the Chairperson, determines that the nonbank finan-6
cial company no longer meets the standards under7
subsection (a) or (b), as applicable.8
(d) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR HEARING AND9
FINAL DETERMINATION.10
(1) IN GENERAL.The Council shall provide to11
a nonbank financial company written notice of a12
proposed determination of the Council, including an13
explanation of the basis of the proposed determina-14
tion of the Council, that such nonbank financial15
company shall be supervised by the Board of Gov-16
ernors and shall be subject to prudential standards17
in accordance with this title.18
(2) HEARING.Not later than 30 days after19
the date of receipt of any notice of a proposed deter-20
mination under paragraph (1), the nonbank finan-21
cial company may request, in writing, an oppor-22
tunity for a written or oral hearing before the Coun-23
cil to contest the proposed determination. Upon re-24
ceipt of a timely request, the Council shall fix a time25
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(not later than 30 days after the date of receipt of1
the request) and place at which such company may2
appear, personally or through counsel, to submit3
written materials (or, at the sole discretion of the4
Council, oral testimony and oral argument).5
(3) FINAL DETERMINATION.Not later than 606
days after the date of a hearing under paragraph7
(2), the Council shall notify the nonbank financial8
company of the final determination of the Council,9
which shall contain a statement of the basis for the10
decision of the Council.11
(4) NO HEARING REQUESTED.If a nonbank12
financial company does not make a timely request13
for a hearing, the Council shall notify the nonbank14
financial company, in writing, of the final determina-15
tion of the Council under subsection (a) or (b), as16
applicable, not later than 10 days after the date by17
which the company may request a hearing under18
paragraph (2).19
(e) EMERGENCY EXCEPTION.20
(1) IN GENERAL.The Council may waive or21
modify the requirements of subsection (d) with re-22
spect to a nonbank financial company, if the Council23
determines, by a vote of not fewer than 23 of the24
members then serving, including an affirmative vote25
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by the Chairperson, that such waiver or modification1
is necessary or appropriate to prevent or mitigate2
threats posed by the nonbank financial company to3
the financial stability of the United States.4
(2) NOTICE.The Council shall provide notice5
of a waiver or modification under this paragraph to6
the nonbank financial company concerned as soon as7
practicable, but not later than 24 hours after the8
waiver or modification is granted.9
(3) OPPORTUNITY FOR HEARING.The Council10
shall allow a nonbank financial company to request,11
in writing, an opportunity for a written or oral hear-12
ing before the Council to contest a waiver or modi-13
fication under this paragraph, not later than 1014
days after the date of receipt of notice of the waiver15
or modification by the company. Upon receipt of a16
timely request, the Council shall fix a time (not later17
than 15 days after the date of receipt of the request)18
and place at which the nonbank financial company19
may appear, personally or through counsel, to sub-20
mit written materials (or, at the sole discretion of21
the Council, oral testimony and oral argument).22
(4) NOTICE OF FINAL DETERMINATION.Not23
later than 30 days after the date of any hearing24
under paragraph (3), the Council shall notify the25
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subject nonbank financial company of the final de-1
termination of the Council under this paragraph,2
which shall contain a statement of the basis for the3
decision of the Council.4
(f) CONSULTATION.The Council shall consult with5
the primary financial regulatory agency, if any, for each6
nonbank financial company or subsidiary of a nonbank fi-7
nancial company that is being considered for supervision8
by the Board of Governors under this section before the9
Council makes any final determination with respect to10
such nonbank financial company under subsection (a), (b),11
or (c).12
(g) JUDICIAL REVIEW.If the Council makes a final13
determination under this section with respect to a14
nonbank financial company, such nonbank financial com-15
pany may, not later than 30 days after the date of receipt16
of the notice of final determination under subsection17
(d)(3) or (e)(4), bring an action in the United States dis-18
trict court for the judicial district in which the home office19
of such nonbank financial company is located, or in the20
United States District Court for the District of Columbia,21
for an order requiring that the final determination be re-22
scinded, and the court shall, upon review, dismiss such ac-23
tion or direct the final determination to be rescinded. Re-24
view of such an action shall be limited to whether the final25
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determination made under this section was arbitrary and1
capricious.2
SEC. 114. REGISTRATION OF NONBANK FINANCIAL COMPA-3
NIES SUPERVISED BY THE BOARD OF GOV-4
ERNORS.5
Not later than 180 days after the date of a final6
Council determination under section 113 that a nonbank7
financial company is to be supervised by the Board of Gov-8
ernors, such company shall register with the Board of9
Governors, on forms prescribed by the Board of Gov-10
ernors, which shall include such information as the Board11
of Governors, in consultation with the Council, may deem12
necessary or appropriate to carry out this title.13
SEC. 115. ENHANCED SUPERVISION AND PRUDENTIAL14
STANDARDS FOR NONBANK FINANCIAL COM-15
PANIES SUPERVISED BY THE BOARD OF GOV-16
ERNORS AND CERTAIN BANK HOLDING COM-17
PANIES.18
(a) IN GENERAL.19
(1) PURPOSE.In order to prevent or mitigate20
risks to the financial stability of the United States21
that could arise from the material financial distress22
or failure of large, interconnected financial institu-23
tions, the Council may make recommendations to24
the Board of Governors concerning the establish-25
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ment and refinement of prudential standards and re-1
porting and disclosure requirements applicable to2
nonbank financial companies supervised by the3
Board of Governors and large, interconnected bank4
holding companies, that5
(A) are more stringent than those applica-6
ble to other nonbank financial companies and7
bank holding companies that do not present8
similar risks to the financial stability of the9
United States; and10
(B) increase in stringency, based on the11
considerations identified in subsection (b)(3).12
(2) LIMITATION ON BANK HOLDING COMPA-13
NIES.Any standards recommended under sub-14
sections (b) through (f) shall not apply to any bank15
holding company with total consolidated assets of16
less than $50,000,000,000. The Council may rec-17
ommend an asset threshold greater than18
$50,000,000,000 for the applicability of any par-19
ticular standard under those subsections.20
(b) DEVELOPMENT OF PRUDENTIAL STANDARDS.21
(1) IN GENERAL.The recommendations of the22
Council under subsection (a) may include23
(A) risk-based capital requirements;24
(B) leverage limits;25
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(C) liquidity requirements;1
(D) resolution plan and credit exposure re-2
port requirements;3
(E) concentration limits;4
(F) a contingent capital requirement;5
(G) enhanced public disclosures; and6
(H) overall risk management requirements.7
(2) PRUDENTIAL STANDARDS FOR FOREIGN FI-8
NANCIAL COMPANIES.In making recommendations9
concerning the standards set forth in paragraph (1)10
that would apply to foreign nonbank financial com-11
panies supervised by the Board of Governors or for-12
eign-based bank holding companies, the Council13
shall give due regard to the principle of national14
treatment and competitive equity.15
(3) CONSIDERATIONS.In making rec-16
ommendations concerning prudential standards17
under paragraph (1), the Council shall18
(A) take into account differences among19
nonbank financial companies supervised by the20
Board of Governors and bank holding compa-21
nies described in subsection (a), based on22
(i) the factors described in subsections23
(a) and (b) of section 113;24
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(ii) whether the company owns an in-1
sured depository institution;2
(iii) nonfinancial activities and affili-3
ations of the company; and4
(iv) any other factors that the Council5
determines appropriate; and6
(B) to the extent possible, ensure that7
small changes in the factors listed in sub-8
sections (a) and (b) of section 113 would not9
result in sharp, discontinuous changes in the10
prudential standards established under para-11
graph (1).12
(c) CONTINGENT CAPITAL.13
(1) STUDY REQUIRED.The Council shall con-14
duct a study of the feasibility, benefits, costs, and15
structure of a contingent capital requirement for16
nonbank financial companies supervised by the17
Board of Governors and bank holding companies de-18
scribed in subsection (a), which study shall in-19
clude20
(A) an evaluation of the degree to which21
such requirement would enhance the safety and22
soundness of companies subject to the require-23
ment, promote the financial stability of the24
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United States, and reduce risks to United1
States taxpayers;2
(B) an evaluation of the characteristics3
and amounts of convertible debt that should be4
required;5
(C) an analysis of potential prudential6
standards that should be used to determine7
whether the contingent capital of a company8
would be converted to equity in times of finan-9
cial stress;10
(D) an evaluation of the costs to compa-11
nies, the effects on the structure and operation12
of credit and other financial markets, and other13
economic effects of requiring contingent capital;14
(E) an evaluation of the effects of such re-15
quirement on the international competitiveness16
of companies subject to the requirement and17
the prospects for international coordination in18
establishing such requirement; and19
(F) recommendations for implementing20
regulations.21
(2) REPORT.The Council shall submit a re-22
port to Congress regarding the study required by23
paragraph (1) not later than 2 years after the date24
of enactment of this Act.25
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(3) RECOMMENDATIONS.1
(A) IN GENERAL.Subsequent to submit-2
ting a report to Congress under paragraph (2),3
the Council may make recommendations to the4
Board of Governors to require any nonbank fi-5
nancial company supervised by the Board of6
Governors and any bank holding company de-7
scribed in subsection (a) to maintain a min-8
imum amount of long-term hybrid debt that is9
convertible to equity in times of financial stress.10
(B) F ACTORS TO CONSIDER.In making11
recommendations under this subsection, the12
Council shall consider13
(i) an appropriate transition period14
for implementation of a conversion under15
this subsection;16
(ii) the factors described in subsection17
(b)(3);18
(iii) capital requirements applicable to19
a nonbank financial company supervised by20
the Board of Governors or a bank holding21
company described in subsection (a), and22
subsidiaries thereof;23
(iv) results of the study required by24
paragraph (1); and25
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(v) any other factor that the Council1
deems appropriate.2
(d) RESOLUTION PLAN AND CREDIT EXPOSURE RE-3
PORTS.4
(1) RESOLUTION PLAN.The Council may5
make recommendations to the Board of Governors6
concerning the requirement that each nonbank fi-7
nancial company supervised by the Board of Gov-8
ernors and each bank holding company described in9
subsection (a) report periodically to the Council, the10
Board of Governors, and the Corporation, the plan11
of such company for rapid and orderly resolution in12
the event of material financial distress or failure.13
(2) CREDIT EXPOSURE REPORT.The Council14
may make recommendations to the Board of Gov-15
ernors concerning the advisability of requiring each16
nonbank financial company supervised by the Board17
of Governors and bank holding company described in18
subsection (a) to report periodically to the Council,19
the Board of Governors, and the Corporation on20
(A) the nature and extent to which the21
company has credit exposure to other signifi-22
cant nonbank financial companies and signifi-23
cant bank holding companies; and24
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(B) the nature and extent to which other1
such significant nonbank financial companies2
and significant bank holding companies have3
credit exposure to that company.4
(e) CONCENTRATION LIMITS.In order to limit the5
risks that the failure of any individual company could pose6
to nonbank financial companies supervised by the Board7
of Governors or bank holding companies described in sub-8
section (a), the Council may make recommendations to the9
Board of Governors to prescribe standards to limit such10
risks, as set forth in section 165.11
(f) ENHANCED PUBLIC DISCLOSURES.The Council12
may make recommendations to the Board of Governors13
to require periodic public disclosures by bank holding com-14
panies described in subsection (a) and by nonbank finan-15
cial companies supervised by the Board of Governors, in16
order to support market evaluation of the risk profile, cap-17
ital adequacy, and risk management capabilities thereof.18
SEC. 116. REPORTS.19
(a) IN GENERAL.Subject to subsection (b), the20
Council, acting through the Office of Financial Research,21
may require a bank holding company with total consoli-22
dated assets of $50,000,000,000 or greater or a nonbank23
financial company supervised by the Board of Governors,24
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and any subsidiary thereof, to submit certified reports to1
keep the Council informed as to2
(1) the financial condition of the company;3
(2) systems for monitoring and controlling fi-4
nancial, operating, and other risks;5
(3) transactions with any subsidiary that is a6
depository institution; and7
(4) the extent to which the activities and oper-8
ations of the company and any subsidiary thereof,9
could, under adverse circumstances, have the poten-10
tial to disrupt financial markets or affect the overall11
financial stability of the United States.12
(b) USE OF EXISTING REPORTS.13
(1) IN GENERAL.For purposes of compliance14
with subsection (a), the Council, acting through the15
Office of Financial Research, shall, to the fullest ex-16
tent possible, use17
(A) reports that a bank holding company,18
nonbank financial company supervised by the19
Board of Governors, or any functionally regu-20
lated subsidiary of such company has been re-21
quired to provide to other Federal or State reg-22
ulatory agencies;23
(B) information that is otherwise required24
to be reported publicly; and25
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(C) externally audited financial statements.1
(2) AVAILABILITY.Each bank holding com-2
pany described in subsection (a) and nonbank finan-3
cial company supervised by the Board of Governors,4
and any subsidiary thereof, shall provide to the5
Council, at the request of the Council, copies of all6
reports referred to in paragraph (1).7
(3) CONFIDENTIALITY.The Council shall8
maintain the confidentiality of the reports obtained9
under subsection (a) and paragraph (1)(A) of this10
subsection.11
SEC. 117. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN COMPANIES THAT12
CEASE TO BE BANK HOLDING COMPANIES.13
(a) APPLICABILITY.This section shall apply to any14
entity or a successor entity that15
(1) was a bank holding company having total16
consolidated assets equal to or greater than17
$50,000,000,000 as of January 1, 2010; and18
(2) received financial assistance under or par-19
ticipated in the Capital Purchase Program estab-20
lished under the Troubled Asset Relief Program au-21
thorized by the Emergency Economic Stabilization22
Act of 2008.23
(b) TREATMENT.If an entity described in sub-24
section (a) ceases to be a bank holding company at any25
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time after January 1, 2010, then such entity shall be1
treated as a nonbank financial company supervised by the2
Board of Governors, as if the Council had made a deter-3
mination under section 113 with respect to that entity.4
(c) APPEAL.5
(1) REQUEST FOR HEARING.An entity may6
request, in writing, an opportunity for a written or7
oral hearing before the Council to appeal its treat-8
ment as a nonbank financial company supervised by9
the Board of Governors in accordance with this sec-10
tion. Upon receipt of the request, the Council shall11
fix a time (not later than 30 days after the date of12
receipt of the request) and place at which such enti-13
ty may appear, personally or through counsel, to14
submit written materials (or, at the sole discretion15
of the Council, oral testimony and oral argument).16
(2) DECISION.17
(A) PROPOSED DECISION.Not later than18
60 days after the date of a hearing under para-19
graph (1), the Council shall submit a report to,20
and may testify before, the Committee on21
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the22
Senate and the Committee on Financial Serv-23
ices of the House of Representatives on the pro-24
posed decision of the Council regarding an ap-25
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peal under paragraph (1), which report shall in-1
clude a statement of the basis for the proposed2
decision of the Council.3
(B) NOTICE OF FINAL DECISION.The4
Council shall notify the subject entity of the5
final decision of the Council regarding an ap-6
peal under paragraph (1), which notice shall7
contain a statement of the basis for the final8
decision of the Council, not later than 60 days9
after the later of10
(i) the date of the submission of the11
report under subparagraph (A); or12
(ii) if the Committee on Banking,13
Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate14
or the Committee on Financial Services of15
the House of Representatives holds one or16
more hearings regarding such report, the17
date of the last such hearing.18
(C) CONSIDERATIONS.In making a deci-19
sion regarding an appeal under paragraph (1),20
the Council shall consider whether the company21
meets the standards under section 113(a) or22
113(b), as applicable, and the definition of the23
term nonbank financial company under sec-24
tion 102. The decision of the Council shall be25
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final, subject to the review under paragraph1
(3).2
(3) REVIEW.If the Council denies an appeal3
under this subsection, the Council shall, not less fre-4
quently than annually, review and reevaluate the de-5
cision.6
SEC. 118. COUNCIL FUNDING.7
Any expenses of the Council shall be treated as ex-8
penses of, and paid by, the Office of Financial Research.9
SEC. 119. RESOLUTION OF SUPERVISORY JURISDICTIONAL10
DISPUTES AMONG MEMBER AGENCIES.11
(a) REQUEST FOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION.The12
Council shall resolve a dispute among 2 or more member13
agencies, if14
(1) a member agency has a dispute with an-15
other member agency about the respective jurisdic-16
tion over a particular bank holding company,17
nonbank financial company, or financial activity or18
product (excluding matters for which another dis-19
pute mechanism specifically has been provided under20
Federal law);21
(2) the Council determines that the disputing22
agencies cannot, after a demonstrated good faith ef-23
fort, resolve the dispute without the intervention of24
the Council; and25
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(3) any of the member agencies involved in the1
dispute2
(A) provides all other disputants prior no-3
tice of the intent to request dispute resolution4
by the Council; and5
(B) requests in writing, not earlier than 146
days after providing the notice described in sub-7
paragraph (A), that the Council resolve the dis-8
pute.9
(b) COUNCIL DECISION.The Council shall resolve10
each dispute described in subsection (a)11
(1) within a reasonable time after receiving the12
dispute resolution request;13
(2) after consideration of relevant information14
provided by each agency party to the dispute; and15
(3) by agreeing with 1 of the disputants regard-16
ing the entirety of the matter, or by determining a17
compromise position.18
(c) FORM AND BINDING EFFECT.A Council deci-19
sion under this section shall20
(1) be in writing;21
(2) include an explanation of the reasons there-22
for; and23
(3) be binding on all Federal agencies that are24
parties to the dispute.25
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SEC. 120. ADDITIONAL STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO ACTIVI-1
TIES OR PRACTICES FOR FINANCIAL STA-2
BILITY PURPOSES.3
(a) IN GENERAL.The Council may issue rec-4
ommendations to the primary financial regulatory agen-5
cies to apply new or heightened standards and safeguards,6
including standards enumerated in section 115, for a fi-7
nancial activity or practice conducted by bank holding8
companies or nonbank financial companies under their re-9
spective jurisdictions, if the Council determines that the10
conduct of such activity or practice could create or in-11
crease the risk of significant liquidity, credit, or other12
problems spreading among bank holding companies and13
nonbank financial companies or the financial markets of14
the United States.15
(b) PROCEDURE FOR RECOMMENDATIONS TO REGU-16
LATORS.17
(1) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR COM-18
MENT.The Council shall consult with the primary19
financial regulatory agencies and provide notice to20
the public and opportunity for comment for any pro-21
posed recommendation that the primary financial22
regulatory agencies apply new or heightened stand-23
ards and safeguards for a financial activity or prac-24
tice.25
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(2) CRITERIA.The new or heightened stand-1
ards and safeguards for a financial activity or prac-2
tice recommended under paragraph (1)3
(A) shall take costs to long-term economic4
growth into account; and5
(B) may include prescribing the conduct of6
the activity or practice in specific ways (such as7
by limiting its scope, or applying particular cap-8
ital or risk management requirements to the9
conduct of the activity) or prohibiting the activ-10
ity or practice.11
(c) IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDED STAND-12
ARDS.13
(1) ROLE OF PRIMARY FINANCIAL REGULATORY14
AGENCY.15
(A) IN GENERAL.Each primary financial16
regulatory agency may impose, require reports17
regarding, examine for compliance with, and en-18
force standards in accordance with this section19
with respect to those entities for which it is the20
primary financial regulatory agency.21
(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.The au-22
thority under this paragraph is in addition to,23
and does not limit, any other authority of a pri-24
mary financial regulatory agency. Compliance25
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by an entity with actions taken by a primary fi-1
nancial regulatory agency under this section2
shall be enforceable in accordance with the stat-3
utes governing the respective jurisdiction of the4
primary financial regulatory agency over the en-5
tity, as if the agency action were taken under6
those statutes.7
(2) IMPOSITION OF STANDARDS.The primary8