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VISOKA ZDRAVSTVENA KOLA STRUKOVNIH STUDIJA U BEOGRADU

SEMINARSKI RAD

FIZIOLOGIJA SA OSNOVAMA ANATOMIJE

-HEMOSTAZA-

PROFESOR: STUDENT:

LJILJANA EPANOVI DANKA SAVI61/201

BEOGRAD 201!

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Sadraj:

1. UVOD...................................................................................................................... 2

2. HEMOSTAZA........................................................................................................... 3

2.1. Konstrikcija krvnog suda..................................................................................3

2.2. Stvaranj tro!"ocitnog #$a........................................................................... 3

3. Z%&U'AVA()E K&V*................................................................................................ +

3.1. S$o,ja-nji $ut aktiviranja gru-avanja krvi......................................................./

3.2. Unutra-nji $ut aktiviranja gru-avanja krvi....................................................../

3.3. U,oga jona 0a u $rocsu gru-avanja krvi........................................................

3.. rotro!"in4 tro!"in i nji5ova u,oga.................................................................3.+. 6i"rinogn4 7"rin i stvaranj krvnog ugru-ka...................................................8

. S&E9AVA()E (ASTA(KA K&V(O% U%&U'KA.........................................................:

+. O&EME;A)* S*STEMA Z%&U'AVA()A K&V*...........................................................11

ZAK

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1. UVOD

H"#$%&'(' (haemostasis - (')%&'*+,'," .* ," $,'# .$, $('3'*' (')%&'*+,'," .*'",'! P$,'# ," )

)$&"4 ) 5($+$, #"78!

S%&"# 9"#$%&'(" ) +,)7%.$# &,"+) #' )+$) ) $7'*',) .* ) &".);"# %&',)< &" $*"7

.*9 +' (')%&'*& .*'"," ' #,"%&) $=&";",'! S%&"# %" %'%&$, $7 .*9 +'< &$#4$8&'" 7$ ,9$*" '.&*'8," '%&'," .'%.'7' "'.8,' 7" ,"7'

%)%&'8' '.&*' 7))< ' $*' %+"7";) &7! Z)='*'," .* %" #$" '.&*'& %$+,'=,#

))&'=,# %%&"#$# .$')+'8,"! K'$ "()+&'& $*" "'.8," '%&'," "(#%. .$#+".% -'.&*'&$ $&$#4'< .$, "'.&* $&" .*" +'(#" $&$#4 "*$7 ) '.&*

&$#4! T$#4 7'+," '.&*' "'.&* $&" +'(#" 54$" ) 54 &'.$ =&$ ' 8,"' '

7,"+$*" ?#$$#""< .$," %" #"7)%$4$ $*"(),) '7" #") ) .$,) %" 9*'&',) .*" 8"+,"!

N' &', '8 5$#' %" .* ))='.!

+

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U $8"%) ()='*',' .* .+,)8) )+$) #',) %)%&'8" .$," %" ($*) 5'.&$ .$')+'8," .*!

Faktori koagulacije krvi:

Naziv faktora koagulacije: Uloga:

$Faktor % (#ibrinogen) $#ormira #ibrinsku mreu

$Faktor %% (&rotrombin)$aktivira #aktore %' "' "%%'

%%%' trombocite

$Faktor %%% (tkivni #aktor' tkivni

tromboplastin)$ko#aktor za #aktor "%%a

$Faktor %" (Kalcijum a*+) $dvovalentni katjon

$Faktor " (&roakcelerin) $ko#aktor za #aktor

$Faktor "% (,kcelerin) $stari naziv za aktivni#aktor "' #aktor "a

$Faktor "%% (&rokonvertin) $aktivira #aktore %'

$Faktor "%%% (,ntihemo#ilijski globulin ,) $ko#aktor za #aktor %

$Faktor % (Kristmasov #aktor'

antihemo#ilijski #aktor -)$aktivira #aktor

Faktor (Stjuart $ &roverov #aktor) $aktivira #aktor %%

Faktor % (prekursor tromboplastina plazme'

aktivira #aktore %%' % i prekalikrein

antihemo#ilijski #aktor )

$aktivira #aktore %%' % i

prekalikrein

Faktor %% (.agemanov #aktor) $aktivira prekalikrein i#ibrinolizu

Faktor %%% (Faktor stabilizacije #ibrina) uvrcuje krvni ugruak

3.1. S$o,ja-nji $ut aktiviranja gru-avanja krvi

S$+,'=, )& '.&*8," ()='*',' .* ('$3," $*"7$# (7' .*$ %)7'< (4$ 3"' %" (

(7' $%+$4'>' &.* &$#4$+'%& ?5'.&$ III! O %" %'%&$, $7 5$%5$+7' &.*9 #"#4''

+$$&"%.$ .$#+".%' .$, %'7 ,"7' *'' "(#! K$7 ".9 4'.&",%.9 5".8,' #$)

". 4'.&",%. &$.% - "7$&$.% ('(*'& $%+$4'>'," $*$ 5'.&$'< =&$ #$" 7$*"%& 7$

7%"#$*'" &'*'%.)+'" .$')+'8," ?DIK $7$%$ *"$#' &"=.$ %&','!

L$$&"%. .$#+".% &.*$ 5'.&$' %" *"()," %' 5'.&$$# VII< '.&*' ' ) ,"$*$#

%)%&*) (',"7$ %' ,$#' .'+8,)#' ?5'.&$ IV '.&*' 5'.&$ @! O*', .$#+".% 5'.&$' III

/

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VII< '.&*' ,$= 5'.&$ I@< .$, %'7' ) ))&'=, )& .$')+'8," ' &', '8 %" $*' 7*' )&'

()='*',' .* $*"(),)!

3.2. Unutra-nji $ut aktiviranja gru-avanja krvi

U)&'=, )& .$')+'8," ('$8," $*"7$# %'#" .* + (+'',"# .* .$+'") (7'

$=&"8"$ .*$ %)7'! P$*"7' .* + .$&'.& .* %' .$+'"$# ('(*' '.&*'8,) 5'.&$'

@II?H'"#'$* 5'.&$ $%+$4'7'," 5$%5$+7' ( $*">"9 .*9 +$38'! A.&*' 5'.$

@II 7"+)," "(#%. ' 5'.&$ @I '.&*' '! Z' $*) "'.8,) $&"4' ," .$" *"+."

#$+".)+%." #'%" ' ".'+." ," )4('*'! A.&*' 5'.&$ @I ?5'.&$ @I' %'7' '.&*'

5'.&$ I@! A.&*' 5'.&$ I@ 7"+)," (',"7$ %' 5'.&$$# VIII $%+$4$7"# 5$%5$+7#' (

&$#4$8&' ' 5'.&$ @ '.&*' '!

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F'.&$ VIII ," *+$ ('3',' (' $*) '.&*'8,) $%$4" .$7 .$,9 ," .$8"&'8,' $*$ 5'.&$'

,'.$ %#',"' %) %.+$" $4+$# .*'",)< $7$%$ 4$+),) $7 .+'%3" 9"#$5+,"! D'+, &$.

'.&*'8," ," %& .'$ .$7 %$+,'=," )&'! F'.&$ @ (',"7$ %' 5'.&$$# V 5$%5+7#' '7

.$#+".% '.&*'&$' $&$4'< .$, "*$7 "'.&* $&$#4 ) '.&* &$#4!

S$+,'=, ))&'=, )& %) %'#$ 7*' $7*$,"' %%&"#'< *"8 %) $' &".'.$ #"7)%$4$

$*"('' '.&*'8,' ,"7$ %%&"#' '.&*' 7)! S$+,'=, )& %" '.&*' #$$ 4" ' )

%+)8',) &"=." $*"7' 7$ ()='*',' #$" 7$8 (' %'#$ 1 %".)7! U)&'=,"# %%&"#)

$&"4$ ," ' #)&' ?1-6 7' 7$*"7" 7$ .$')+'8,"!

3.3. U,oga jona 0a u $rocsu gru-avanja krvi

I()("* *" 7*" ".'8," "(#%." .'%.'7"< ,$ .'+8,)#' %) $&"4 (' $."&',"

)4('*'," %*9 $%&'+9 "'.8,'! P+.$# *'>",' .* %" .$')+'8,' .* #$" %"3&

$7%&',*',"# .'+8,)#'! T$ %" $%&" 7$7'*',"# %)%&'8 .'$ =&$ %): 8&'&

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3.+. 6i"rinogn4 7"rin i stvaranj krvnog ugru-ka

F4$" ," $&" .*" +'(#" *"+." #$+".)+%." #'%" ?0!000 .$8"&'8," ) .* $.$

C /7L! I $ %" %&"&=" ?.'$ *";' 5'.&$' .$')+'8," ) ,"&!

F4$" %" '.&*' $7 7",%&*$# &$#4'! T$#4 '(+'" #$+".)+ 54$"' ' "&7'

?#$$#"'! M$$#" 54' %" #">)%$4$ $*"(),) '7"; 54%.) #")! U '$, 5'(

$*"(*',' ?$+#"('8," #$$#" 54' %) $*"(' %'#$ %+'4# *$7$3# *"('#'