Seminar Report on Android

Quick Time For Android

En. No: 100430723009

Seminar Report On

QUICK TIME FOR ANDROID

DESIGNED AND IMPLEMENTED BY: Mr. PINAL K SHAH (100430723009) Semester: III, M.E. (Information Technology)

GUIDED BY: Prof. Preeti Dave EC Engineering Department

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE BHAVNAGAR Gujarat Technological University, AhmadabadS. S. College, Bhavnagar Pinal Shah 1


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CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that the work presented in the seminar entitled Quick Time for Android Has been carried out by Mr. Pinal Shah Enrollment No.:100430723009 Under my guidance as a partial fulfillment of requirements to Award

ME Information TechnologyBy Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad

Date:

Prof. Preeti Dave Asst. Prof. E.C. Dept. S.S.E.C.

Dr. J.S. Shah Prof. & Head Computer Engg. Dept. L.D.C.E

Prof. Kalpesh Patel/ Harkishan Jethva Asst. Prof. Computer Engg. Dep L.D.C.E

S. S. College, Bhavnagar

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Acknowledgement

I wish to thank all who helped me in this seminar work. I thank my Head of the department S.B Parmar and Dr. J. S Shah sir for helping me in sorting out the procedural work and his guidance. I also thank Prof. Kalpesh Patel, Prof Harkishan Jethva and Prof. Preeti Dave for their kind support and guidance during seminar preparation. Books, Internet and computing facilities have been a treasure in developing this seminar, so words of gratitude for the staff of library and computer department of Shantilal Shah Engineering College, Bhavnagar


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IndexChapter 11.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

IntroductionAbstract Purpose (Why Android?) Goal Overview of Android 6 7 8 8

Chapter 22.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

What Is Android?What is Android? Android Landscape Different version comparisons Android Architecture Android vs. IPhone Drawback of Android Platform 11 13 14 16 17 18

Chapter 33.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Android Application BasicsActivity, View, Event, Intent Application Life Cycle Setting Development Environment Develop Hello World Application Demo of another Application 21 22 23 26 31

Appendix Source Codes A Appendix Source Codes B Appendix Source Codes C References

36 37 38 39


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Chapter 1Introduction

1.1 Abstract 1.2 Purpose (Why Android?) 1.3 Goal 1.4 Overview of Android


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1.1 AbstractAndroid is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code. The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free-software and open-source license


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1.2 Purpose of SeminarThere are a few reason why developing Android and making it an open standard makes sense for Google on a strategic level. However, it should also be said that Android is not properly open (code can't be checked in by 3rd parties without Google approval), neither free (there are fees associated with implementing it). In any case, by making it "open" and 'free", Google achieves a much higher market penetration and distribution across different territories and brands. Some long-term strategic advantages for Google are: 1) Access to usage data and profiling: through the numerous Google apps that are used on Android phones, through Google ID and sometimes through the OS itself, Google can enrich over time their knowledge of each user's activities, and most importantly build knowledge of what people do when they're not in front of a PC. As information is what Google runs on, this becomes invaluable for the company

2) Smartphone role as a computing platform + emerging countries: it's projected that smart phones will outnumber PCs worldwide by 2012. Additionally, as Google's business in developed countries reaches a point of saturation and starts to grow more slowly, developing countries are going to offer some of the biggest opportunities to grow. In countries like China or India, part of the population is leapfrogging PCs, and satisfying its computing needs through smart phones. This trend is only going to increase 3) Mobile advertising opportunities: Google's main (some would say only) business is targeted advertising, and there are clearly huge opportunities for targeted advertising on smart phones, enabled by profiling and by location awareness. Owning the OS that enables part of the ecosystem is going to allow Google to play a bigger role and to integrate more deeply with its advertising initiatives

4) Other business opportunities: several existing and rumored Google initiatives and acquisitions point to the fact that Google aims to extend their footprint in the mobile ecosystem. My opinion is that, having started with the idea of enabling a mobile ecosystem by providing the basic tools, Google now sees that the ecosystem needs to be nurtured and pushed in the right direction, and that there's a huge business opportunity in doing so. I would not be surprised if, a couple of years from now, Google was offering an end-to-end solution for mobile content / information, starting with discovery and encompassing billing and delivery.


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1.3 Goal of SeminarGoogle makes money every time someone does a search. The reason Google bought Android and is giving it away to hundreds of hardware makers -- from phones to televisions to tablets -- is to make more places where more consumers do more searches. It is the next big wave of growth for Google. By the way, an Android tablet device is called a Tabloid.

1.4 Android OverviewAndroid delivers a complete set of software for mobile devices: an operating system, middleware and key mobile applications.

OpenAndroid was built from the ground-up to enable developers to create compelling mobile applications that take full advantage of all a handset has to offer. It was built to be truly open. For example, an application can call upon any of the phones core functionality such as making calls, sending text messages, or using the camera, allowing developers to create richer and more cohesive experiences for users. Android is built on the open Linux Kernel. Furthermore, it utilizes a custom virtual machine that was designed to optimize memory and hardware resources in a mobile environment. Android is open source; it can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting edge technologies as they emerge. The platform will continue to evolve as the developer community works together to build innovative mobile applications.

All applications are created equalAndroid does not differentiate between the phones core applications and thirdparty applications. They can all be built to have equal access to a phones capabilities providing users with a broad spectrum of applications and services. With devices built on the Android Platform, users are able to fully tailor the phone to their interests. They can swap out the phone's home screen, the style of the dialer, or any of the applications. They can even instruct their phones to use their favorite photo viewing application to handle the viewing of all photos.


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Breaking down application boundariesAndroid breaks down the barriers to building new and innovative applications. For example, a developer can combine information from the web with data on an individuals mobile phone such as the users contacts, calendar, or geographic location to provide a more relevant user experience. With Android, a developer can build an application that enables users to view the location of their friends and be alerted when they are in the vicinity giving them a chance to connect.

Fast & easy application developmentAndroid provides access to a wide range of useful libraries and tools that can be used to build rich applications. For example, Android enables developers to obtain the location of the device, and allows devices to communicate with one another enabling rich peertopeer social applications. In addition, Android includes a full set of tools that have been built from the ground up alongside the platform providing developers with high productivity and deep insight into their applications.


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Chapter 2What is Android?

2.1 What is Android? 2.2 Android Landscape 2.3 Android different version comparisons 2.4 Android Architecture 2.5 Android vs. IPhone 2.6 Drawback of Android Platform


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2.1 What is Android?Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Google purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005. The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 84 hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony. Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-intime compilation to run compiled Java code. Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of the devices. Developers write primarily in a customized version of Java. There are currently more than 250,000 apps available for Android. Apps can be downloaded from third-party sites or through online stores such as Android Market, the app store run by Google.


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Why Android? Android is one of the most versatile, powerful and elegant platforms coming out of Google in recent years. It was initially developed by Android Inc later purchased by Google and positioned in the Open Handset Alliance. As per the NPD group the unit sales Android phones is the largest among Smart Phones. Because it is widely supported by large number of hardware, software and network carriers its market share is growing worldwide in leaps and bounds. Being an open system based on modified Linux kernel it has been widely accepted by the developer community and presents a golden opportunity to create products and services for this amazing platform.

Android is an open source platform and it is released under open source license. The Android operating system software stack consists of Java applications running on a Java.


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2.2 Android Landscape 2.0 clair included a new web browser, with a new user interface and support for HTML5 and the W3C Geolocation API. It also included an enhanced camera app with features like digital zoom, flash, color effects, and more. 2.1 clair included support for voice controls throughout the entire OS. It also included a new launcher, with 5 home screens instead of 3, animated backgrounds, and a button to open the menu (instead of a slider). It also included a new weather app, and improved functionality in the Email and Phonebook apps. 2.2 Froyo introduced speed improvements with JIT optimization and the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine and added Wi-Fi hotspot tethering and Adobe Flash support . 2.3 Gingerbread refined the user interface, improved the soft keyboard and copy/paste features, SIP support (VoIP calls), and added support for Near Field Communication. 3.0 Honeycomb was a tablet-oriented release which supports larger screen devices and introduces many new user interface features, and supports multicore processors and hardware acceleration for graphics. The Honeycomb SDK has been released and the first device featuring this version, the Motorola Zoom tablet, went on sale in February 2011. 3.1 Honeycomb was announced at the 2011 Google I/O on 10 May 2011. One feature focuses on allowing Honeycomb devices to directly transfer content from USB devices. 3.2 Honeycomb is "an incremental release that adds several new capabilities for users and developers". Highlights include optimization for a broader range of screen sizes; new "zoom-to-fill" screen compatibility mode; capability to load media files directly from the SD card; and an extended screen support API, providing developers with more precise control over the UI.


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2.3 Android Different Versions Comparisons


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Features provided by latest Android Mobile Phone Handset Layout: Storage: Connectivity: GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, WiFi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX. Multiple language support: Web Browser: The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source Web Kit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. The browser scores a 93/100 on the Acid3 Test. Additional hardware support: Multi touch Bluetooth Video calling Voice based Features Provides support for total 65 languages. SQLite Database support Support Graphics 2D and 3D


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2.4 Android Architecture


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2.5 Android vs. Iphone Android can Run Multiple Apps at the Same Time Android Gives You Better Notifications Android Lets You Choose Your Hardware Android Lets You Choose Your Carrier Android Does Google and Social Integration


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Android takes a bite from Apple When Android first debuted on the HTC Dream (also known as the G1) back in October of 2008, it was deemed an "iPhone Killer." While it didn't quite slay Apple's handset, it was the first step in a revolution against the tyrannous iPhone. The initial Android platform bested the iPhone OS on several levels, but lacked some key functionality that the iPhone could provide. Since then, Android has grown - not only meeting all of the functionalities of the iPhone, but besting it in nearly all aspects from an extensive list of devices to a growing Android Marketplace.

2.6 Drawback of Android OS Malware and security a Chinese internet security firm, noted in a report that Android is the second largest mobile OS (behind Symbian) to be infected with malware within China. The report stated that Android has become the new "malware hotspot" largely due to the operating system's rise in popularity

Must know before going for AndroidCore Java: Standard Java programming is necessary to program applications for Android. You should understand operators, loops and should have a basic idea of classes and objects. You can refer here to brush up your java skills. XML: You should know what the XML standard is all about and how it is used in software applications. Eclipse: If you have worked in any IDE for Java you should be ok with eclipse. You can read more about it here. Object fundamentals: You will be able to create elegant and efficient programs if you know the basics of OOPs. Features like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Overloading help us create efficient and organized software systems and it is expected that you as ajava programmer must know them.


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The Android programming is done on two levelsSystem Level: It involves modifying the Android system code and adapting it to various hardware platforms. It also involves creating additional services and features in the android system itself. Application Level: It involves creating software products and services which sits on top of the Android software stack and interacts with the hardware through the underlying Android platform. Android applications are built using Java. The Java byte code executes on a efficient and modified virtual machine known as Dalvik Virtual Machine. Dalvik does not align to Java SE nor Java ME Class Library profiles (e.g., Java ME classes, AWT or Swing are not supported).

How program will execute?Important component is Dalvik Virtual Machine: Dalvik replaces the JVM in providing the runtime environment to Java platform applications. The VM runs Java applications which have been converted to the Dalvik Executable format .dex The dx tool available in the SDK converts Java byte code to DVM byte code at build time. The dx format is a highly efficient and compact byte code. dx installed to increase efficiency. The compiled application is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package .apk Like .jad & .jar in J2ME, .apk files are distributed and installed on Android powered devices can be installed on different devices and can be further modified after being


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Chapter 3Android Application Basics

3.1 Activity, View, Event, Intent 3.2 Application Life Cycle 3.3 Setting Development Environment 3.4 Develop Hello World Application 3.5 Demo of another Application


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Android App Basics:Android apps are written in Java Almost all Java classes available plus encryption, http, json, xml processing libraries No main() function instead: loosely coupled components, one or more of them defined as entry point(s) Most important component: Activity corresponds to a visible window on the screen

3.1 Android App Basics Activity, View, Event, IntentActivity Defines view to be displayed in its window Handles events (e.g. click on a button) Uses Intents to start other activities View View is the visible part of the activity Defined in an XML layout file (or in code) Intent Starts another activity (opens a new window) Can pass data to the started activity Can even start activities from another app


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3.2 Android App Basics Activity LifecycleAs resources are limited in mobile phone the operating system must have some capability to destroy some activity which are not required by the system means the activity which are running in background some times it is required to destroy that activity. Therefore every activity has a lifecycle that will be maintain by Operating System. To avoid losing data or the state of an activity, you must override lifecycle methods to save your data when your activity is paused or stopped.


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3.3 Development Environment RequirementsEclipse Android SDK Starter Package from http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html Use SDK Starter Package (run as Administrator) to install: SDKs for all platforms your app shall be running on (e.g. all from 1.5 to 2.1) USB Driver Package for USB debugging (debug apps directly on your phone)


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Quick Time For AndroidADT (Android Development Tools) Eclipse Plug in

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(Install from within Eclipse; location: https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/) What is the ADT good for? Wizard to create a new Android project Code editor for Android XML files Automatic build process (creates APK Android Packagefile) debugging of apps in the emulator or on a real phone Take screenshots from a real phone Export signed APKs to be uploaded into Android Market

Setting up the Development Environment (1/3)1. Eclipse is expected to be installed.

2. Download and install the SDK Starter Package appropriate to your operating system from http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html3. Run SDK Starter Package(as Administrator on Vista / Windows 7). Install... - all SDK platforms (for this tutorial, 1.6 is enough), - the USB driver package (not required for this tutorial), - and the documentation (not required for this tutorial).


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Setting up the Development Environment (2/3)4. Install the ADT (Android Development Tools) plugin. The following instructions are for Eclipse 3.5 (Galileo) and Eclipse 3.6 (Helios). Instructions for Eclipse 3.4 (Ganymede) can be found at http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.html. 4.1. Select Help Install New Software. 4.2. In the Available Software dialog, click the Add button. 4.3. In the Add Site dialog, enter a name (e.g.Android Plugin) and try to add URL Location like https: and click on OK button.

Setting up the Development Environment (3/3)4.4. Back in the Available Software dialog, select the checkbox next to Developer Tools and click Next. 4.5. In the Install Details dialog, click Agree button to licence the product. 4.6 Restart Eclipse. 4.7 Select Window -> Preference


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Quick Time For Android4.8 In the preference dialogue box select the Android. 4.9 Enter the SDK folder. For Example:

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3.4 Developing and Testing a Hello World App (1/20)Use a the ADT's New Select Project wizard to create new project: File New

Project...; in the New Project dialog Select Android Project from the Android folder.


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Quick Time For AndroidFill out the New Android Project dialog as follows: Project name: Hello Workshop Use default location or define your own location

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Build target: Android 1.6 (we'll make this 1.5-compatible later) Application name: Hello Workshop Package name: de.test.hello Create Activity: HelloWorkshopActivity Min SDK Version: 4 Click on the Finish button.

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (2/20)The New Project Wizard created the following files and folders:

--------- Main Activity Class

---------

Resource

ID

definitions

(auto-

created; never modify this file) --------- Folder for binary files (everything not handled by Android) Folder for resource files (images, layouts, strings ...)

--------- Main activity's view

--------- Manifest file defining things like app name, logo and main activity


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Developing and Testing a Hello World App (3/20)For phones with high density screens (e.g. Motorola Milestone) to use the hdpi resources, we must add the following entry to the AndroidManifest.xml file: Otherwise, those phones will use the mdpi resources and scale them up. For phones with large (Archos 5) or small screens (HTC Tattoo) to use the full screen or to run the app at all, we must further add the following definitions to the entry created before: Otherwise, phones with large screens will display the app only in a small area of the screen with a black border around it, and phones with small screens won't start the app at all.

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (4/20)values/strings.xml Hello World, HelloWorkshopActivity! Hello Workshop

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (5/20)


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Quick Time For Androidlayout/main.xml

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Defines a (simple) layout called main (just a name, no meaning), which is later referenced by the activity to create its view.

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (6/20)R.java Automatically created defines integer constants for each resource. Never modify this file no need to even look at it. package de.test.hello; public final class R { public static final class attr { } public static final class drawable { public static final int icon=0x7f020000; } public static final class layout { public static final int main=0x7f030000; } public static final class string { public static final int app_name=0x7f040001; public static final int hello=0x7f040000; } }


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Developing and Testing a Hello World App (7/20)HelloWorkshop2Activity.java package de.test.hello; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; public class HelloWorkshopActivity extends Activity { /**Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } } Constant from R class referencing the layout defined in main.xml Sets the specified view as view for this activity.

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (8/20)Create an Android Virtual Device(Emulator) Click on the Android SDK and AVD manager icon in the Eclipse icon bar. Click on New In the Create new AVD dialog, enter: - Name: G1 - Target: Android 1.6 - API Level 4 - SD Card Size: 1024 MiB - Skin: Built-in: Default (HVGA) Then click on Create AVD (might take a while now)


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Developing and Testing a Hello World App (9/20)Run the App for the First Time

Select Run -> Run (or press Ctrl + F11). In the Run As dialog, select Android Application and click on OK. Eclipse will now automatically start the G1AVD we just created (If you have multiple matching AVDs, a selection dialog will let you chose one). After about a minute we should See our app running in the emulator!

3.5 Developing and Testing a Hello World App (10/20)This is what we want to do today: Create a view that looks like the one at the left Let the user enter his name in the input field When the user clicks one of the buttons and no name was entered, display an alert dialog with an error message. When the user clicks a button with his name entered the user shall be greeted with a popup message (toast) the greeting at the top of the screen shall change


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Developing and Testing a Hello World App (11/20)Add Components to the Layout Add the Enter your name label below the first TextView component: Eclipse will now show an error message: No resource found that matches the given name (at 'text' with value @string/enter_your_name). Add the missing resource to the strings.xml file: Enter your name: The error message from main.xml will now disappear.

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (12/20)Add the input field below the Enter your name component: The first line assigns the id name field to this component. Below the name field We want to buttons beside each other. Therefore we need a nested LinearLayout with horizontal orientation and inside it the two buttons.

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (13/20) Developing and Testing a Hello World App (14/20) Developing and Testing a Hello World App (15/20)Now we need to extend our Activity. Open HelloWorkshopActivity.java and add the following field definitions at the top of the class:


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private Button hiButton; private Button helloButton; At the end of the onCreate method, insert the following code: hiButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.hi_button); hiButton.setOnClickListener(this); helloButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.hello_button); helloButton.setOnClickListener(this); We will now see an error message as HelloWorkshopActivity does not implement OnClickListener yet. Click on the error message and select Let 'HelloWorkshopActivity' implement OnClickListener. We'll see the next error message because HelloWorkshopActivity does not implement the methods defined in OnClickListener. Click on the error message and select Add unimplemented methods.

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (16/20)When the user clicks on one of the buttons, we first need to check if he entered his name. Insert the following code into the onClick method Eclipse has just created for us:

EditText nameField = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.name_field); String name = nameField.getText().toString(); if (name.length() == 0) { new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setMessage(R.string.error_name_missing) .setNeutralButton(R.string.error_ok, null) .show(); return; } Add the two string resources we just used and two others we use in the next step to the strings.xml file: Please enter your name. OK Hi %s! Hello %s!


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Developing and Testing a Hello World App (17/20)We've made sure the user entered a name. Now display the greeting depending on the button: if(v == hiButton || v == helloButton) { intresourceId = v == hiButton ? R.string.hi_greeting :R.string.hello_greeting; Stringgreeting = getResources().getString(resourceId, name); Toast.makeText(this, greeting, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }

Developing and Testing a Hello World App (18/20)The method we've just created can now be extended: if(v == hiButton || v == helloButton) { Int resourceId = v == hiButton ? R.string.hi_greeting :R.string.hello_greeting; String greeting = getResources().getString(resourceId, name); Toast.makeText(this, greeting, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); TextViewgreetingField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.greeting_field); greetingField.setText(greeting); } And now? We're ready - run the project! You'll find the complete sources in the appendix.


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Developing and Testing a Hello World App (19-20/20)


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Appendix Source Codes AHelloWorkshopActivity.java: packagede.test.hello; import android.app.Activity; import A ndroid.app.AlertDialog; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; publi cclass HelloWorkshopActivi t xtendsActivity implementsOnClickListener { ey privateButton hiButton ; privateButton helloButto; n @Override publi cvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layou a.n); mt i hiButton = (Button) findViewById(R.hd_ ii .button ); hiButton .setOnClickListeneth r (is); n r (is); helloButton= (Button) findViewById(R.helloButto. setOnClickListeneth } @Override publicvoid onClick(View v) { EditText nameField = (EditText) findViewById( R . i d fiel) ; String name = n ame _. d nameField.getText().toString(); if (name.length() == 0) { new AlertDialog.Buildeth r (is).setMessage( R.stringerror_name_missing setNeutralButton( R.stringerror_ok . ). . , null) .show(); return ; } if (v ==hiButton || v ==helloButto) { n int resourceId = v =h =iButton ? R.stringh .i_greeting : R.stringh .ello_greetin ;g String greeting = getResources().getString(resourceId, name); Toast. akeText this, greeting, Toast . NGTH_LON) .show(); m ( LE G TextView greetingField = (TextView) findViewById( Rei di ng_fiel d g r. e t. ); greetingField.setText(greeting); } } }


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Appendix Source Codes Bmain.xml t


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Appendix Source Codes Cstrings.xml Hello World, HelloWorkshopActivi Say Hello< !/string >


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References http://sites.google.com/site/io/dalvik-vm-internals http://www.brighthub.com/mobile/googleandroid/articles/ 17822.aspx http://glab.wordpress.com/2008/05/21/android-a-quickOverview


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Seminar Report on Android

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