1. 1. A presentation by Adarsh Pattanaik Shaswat Ranjan Jena Asim Kumar Das Abhilash Mishra PROJECT PROPONENT Prof. Shashank Shekhar Pujari Director, SUIIT Jyoti Vihar Burla PROJECT GUIDE Asst. Prof. Shantanu Kumar Dash SUIIT Jyoti Vihar Burla
2. 2. Forensic science (often known as forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences and technologies to investigate situations after the fact, and to establish what occurred based on collected evidence. This is especially important in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal or civil law, but forensics are also carried out in other fields, such as astronomy, archeology, biology and geology to investigate ancient times. The Forensics getting more efficient and accurate with time has evolved into several intricate criminalistics namely Ballistics , Ballistics fingerprinting , Body Identification , Fingerprint analysis , Forensic accounting , Toxicology , Glove print analysis , Palm print analysis , Questioned document examination , Vein matching , Polygraph and Brain Fingerprinting Technology
3. 3. The Science of Forensics is further classified into several broad divisions namely Computer Forensics Forensic Data Analysis Mobile Device Forensics Network Forensics Forensics of Video/Audio Arson Detection Forensic Statistics Vehicular Accident Reconstruction
4. 4. Brain Fingerprinting is a new computer based Forensic technology to identify the perpetrators of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain wave responses to crime relevant words or pictures or similar stimuli presented on a computer screen . Based on the principle that the brain is central to all human responses , Brain fingerprinting has proven 100% accurate in a range of patterned tests including tests for the CIA , INTERPOL and the RAW.
5. 5. Crime scene evidence collection. Brain evidence collection. Computer evidence analysis. Analysis of the scientific result and inference. The sequence of the methods is overlaid as The electrical signal known as P300 is emitted from an individuals brain , beginning approximately 300 ms after it is confronted with a stimulus of special significance . The application of this in method is to detect the P300 as a response to stimuli. The system doesnt require the subject to issue verbal responses to questions or stimuli as in the famed and popular Polygraph. It uses cognitive brain responses , and doesnt depend either on emotions of the subjects Or emotional responses .
6. 6. The P300 wave is an Event Related Potential (ERP) which can be recorded via Electroencephalography (EEG) as a positive deflection in voltage at a latency of roughly 300 1000msec in the EEG when a person is exposed to a rare but meaningful information. The P300 signal is an aggregate recording from a great many number of neurons. P300 waveform must be evoked using a stimulus delivered by one of the sensory modalities. The presence , magnitude , topography and timing of this signal are often used as metrics of cognitive functions in decision making processes. While the neural substrates of this ERP component still remains hazy the reproducibility and ubiquity of this signal makes it a common choice for psychological tests in both clinical and laboratorial studies.
7. 7. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the measurement of electrical activities produced by the brain as recorded from electrodes placed on the scalp . Scalp EEG is collected from multiple electrodes positioned on different locations at the surface of the head . EEG signals (in range of milli volts ) are amplified and digitalized for later processing
8. 8. Scalp EEG activity oscillates at multiple frequencies having different characteristics spatial distributions associated with different states of brain functioning such as walking and sleeping. These oscillations represent synchronized activities over a network of neurons . The subject is made to wear a special headband with electronic sensors and/or a custom made set of galvanic skin sensors that measure the EEG from several locations of the epidermis of the subject. The subject is subjected to a series of stimuli based on which inference is drawn from the mapped responses. The stimuli are broadly defined as Irrelevant : Stimuli irrelevant to the investigated situation and to the subject. Target : Stimuli relevant to the investigated situation and are known to the subject. Probe: Stimuli relevant to the investigated situation and the subject denies knowing.
9. 9. Informational Evidence Detection The detection of concealed information stored in the brain of suspect ,witnesses intelligence sources and others. It is of central concern to all phases of law enforcements , government , private investigations and intelligence operations. The Brain Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted Electroencephalographic Response (MERMER) : Brain Fingerprinting utilizes multifaceted encephalographic response analysis (MERA) to detect information stored in a human brain . The MERMER is elicited when an individual recognizes and processes an incoming stimulus that is significant or noteworthy . When an irrelevant stimulus is subjected it is insignificant and not noteworthy and the MERMER response is absent
10. 10. The MERMER occurs within about a second after the stimulus is subjected and can be readily detected using EEG amplifiers and a computerized signal detection algorithm. The MERMER establishes a baseline brain response for information that is insignificant to the subject . Some of the non target are relevant to the situation that the subject is being tested for . These stimuli , probes , are relevant to the test and are significant to the subject and will elicit a MERMER , signifying that that the subject has understood the stimuli to be significant. A subject lacking this information in their brain , the response to the probe stimuli will be indistinguishable from the irrelevant stimulus . This response doesnt elicit a MERMER , indicating that the information is absent in their mind. This test is entirely reliant upon recognition of response to the stimuli , and relies upon a difference in recognition .
11. 11. Thermal imaging is a method of determining how much heat is radiated by individual areas of the brain . These hot spots and cold spots appear on a computerized image of the brain as Red or Blue areas respectively . These areas are displayed by means of infrared photography . Its the same sort of concept thats instrumental in the functioning of night vision goggles used by the military .
12. 12. National security and Internal embodiment of law and order . Medical diagnosis: Detects the MERMER brain wave in the cases of Alzheimer's . Advertising and market analysis :Brain fingerprinting allows advertisers to determine what information from an advertisement is retained in the memory . What elements catches the attention of consumers and what type of media is most effective.
13. 13. State Frequency Range State of Mind Delta 0.5Hz-4Hz Deep Sleep Theta 4Hz-8Hz Drowsiness Alpha 8Hz-14Hz Relaxed but alert Beta 14Hz-30Hz Highly alert and focused Standard Frequency Patterns of Brain Waves
14. 14. Bibliography 1. Farwell LA (1994) Method and apparatus for multifaceted electroencephalographic response analysis (MERA). U.S. Patent 2. Farwell LA, Smith SS (2001) Using brain MERMER testing to detect concealed knowledge despite efforts to conceal. J Forensic Sci 3. Polich, J. (1999). P300 in clinical applications. In E. Nieder-meyer and F. Lopes da Silva, eds.Electroencephalo-graphy: Basic principles, clinical applications and related fields, 4th Ed. (pp. 10731091). Baltimore-Munich: Urban & Schwarzenberg . And many more
15. 15. Project Pitfalls Unavailability of licensed tools and LabVIEW toolkits. Financial setback in acquiring real biomedical standard equipment. Lacunae of biomedical expertise. Combating the setbacks Employing virtual channels to attain the requirements of the project standards Simulating the biomedical toolkits Extensive research and literature survey
16. 16. Thank you for sparing your precious time.. We extend our heartiest gratitude to SUIIT for organizing the NI LabVIEW workshop and acquiring the licenses of the product , without which our ideas and research perhaps could not have been materialized into reality.