HIGH SPEED TRAIN

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DEFINITION• High Speed Railways does not have a clear cut definition. Generally it is referred to as a type of rail that travels significantly faster than traditional rail traffic. It uses an integrated system of specialised rolling stock and dedicated tracks.

• While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new lines in excess of 250 km/h and existing lines in excess of 200 km/h are widely considered to be high-speed, with some extending the definition to include much lower speeds (e.g. 160 km/h) in areas for which these speeds still represent significant improvements.

• The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was widely known as the bullet train. High speed rail programs have been successful in Japan, China and several European countries such as France, Germany and Spain.

HISTORYGerman Engineers sought a high speed train.

Japan Capitalized on High Speed Train.•Shinkanse ………… also known as “bullet train”•Went 210km/h and carried 100millian people in fist 3 years

HSR revolution began in Europe starting with France•A diesel-powered railcar was modified with a gas-turbine, and was called "TGV".• It reached 230 km/h

1899

1964

1981

FEATURE •No level crossings (grade crossings) •Fenced off •Concrete foundations •Wide spacing between lines •Curves of radius less than 5 km are avoided and are tilted •Through stations are constructed with 4 tracks •Tunnels avoided

TECHNOLOGY MAGLAV is the principle used in working of modern high speed train

MAGLAV-derived from MAGnet and LEVitation

Magnetic levitation transport is a form of transportation that suspend guides and propels vehicles through the harnessing of electromagnetic force

WORKING OF MAGLAVA maglev train floats about 10mm above the

guideway on a magnetic field.

It is propelled by the guide way itself rather than an onboard engine by changing magnetic fields

Once the train is pulled into the next section the magnetism switches so that the train is pulled on again. The Electro-magnets run the length of the guide way.

MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY

There are two primary types of maglev technology:1. Electromagnetic suspension (EMS)2. Electrodynamic suspension (EDS)

ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION

In current EMS systems, the train levitates above a steel rail while electromagnets, attached to the train, are oriented toward the rail from below. The electromagnets use feedback control to maintain a train at a constant distance from the track.

ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSIONIn Electrodynamic suspension, both the rail

and the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive force between these magnetic fieldsThe magnetic field in the train is produced by either electromagnets or by an array of permanent magnets.The repulsive force in the track is created by an induced magnetic field in wires or other conducting strips in the track.

ADVANTAGS Reduction of travel time of passengers Fast accessibility to urban centres, lead to

economical and industrial growth Cope up higher demand for passenger and

freight traffic HSR route will help in commercial growth Land required by the HSR is very less,

reducing environmental impact It is Energy Efficient mode with compared

to other modes of transportation

DISADVANTAGES Huge Investment- Financial Viability is major Issue Economical factors- Balance of income and out goings Technological factors like Technology for Tracks-

Trains, Technology for Operation & geometrical changes required

High Running and maintenance costs Safety consideration of Passengers as well as

Surroundings High cost of journey will affect the affordability of

Common man

HIGH SPEED TRAIN IN INDIA

As part of India’s two pronged strategy there is a focus on upgradation of existing railway system to semi high speed links parallely with bullet trains.

Indian Railways aims to increase the speed of passenger trains to 160–200 km/h on dedicated conventional tracks. They intend to improve their existing conventional lines to handle speeds of up to 160 km/h, with a goal of speeds above 200 km/h on new tracks with improved technology.

In July 2014, a trial run of a “semi-high speed train” with 10 coaches and 2 generators reached a speed of 160 km/h between New Delhi and Agra, but no date has been set for commercial operations.

PROPOSED ROUTE FOR BULLET TRAIN

DIAMOND QUADRILATERAL

Project of the Indian railways to establish high speed rail network in India.

Connect the four metro cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.  Track Gauge :1676 mm

Speed :250-350 km/hr

Length : 6500-7000 km

ECONOMYAccording  to Forbes India, the costs for constructing such rail lines in India  are estimated to be Rs 70-100 crores perk.

Therefore the  Mumbai-Ahmedabad route of 500km, will cost Rs 37,000 crores to build.  With the cost of land acquisition etc, the price will go up to about Rs 60,000 crores.

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