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ALTERNATIVE FUELS (BIODIESEL,CNG) BY 2K14/CDN/22 SUSHANT VERMA M.Tech(CD) INTRODUCTIONTransportation is the core sector for any developing country. The rising fuel prices and hunt for more mileage has driven vehicle manufacturers to a next level . one group of these people are rigoursly modifying the existing engines systems to make them more and more efficient while other is hunting for fuels other than coal and petroleum

From past few decades so many alternative fuels has been found like biodiesel , compressed natural gas ,liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol etc to make vehicle more efficient ,less polluting ,cheaper.

EXISTING IC ENGINESThere are two types of IC engines Compression Ignition engine Spark Ignition engine

Four basic steps of 4 Stroke Engine Intake/Suction stroke Compression stroke Power/Expansion stroke Exhaust stroke Cont.Engine cycle Diesel cycle

Cont.Otto cycle

NEED OF ALTERNATIVE FUELSOur present fuel resources are not going to be around forever.

Consumption of fossil fuels is faster than their natural production.

Combustion of fossil fuels emits green house gases. DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVE FUELSCompressed Natural Gas(CNG) It is made by compressing the natural gas (composed of methane) to less than 1% of the volume at standard atmospheric pressure . It is stored in hard cylindrical containers at a pressure of 200-280 bars.

Sources of CNG are fossil natural gas ,town gas, hydrates, biogas and land fill gas

Biodiesel It is refers to a vegetable oil or animal fat based diesel fuel consisting of long chain alkyl(methyl, ethyl or propyl esters).

Sources of biodiesel are soybean oil, pongamia, field pennycress, jatropha, animal fat including tallow,lard,yellow grease,chicken fat. Cont.Blends of biodiesel & petrodiesel 100% biodiesel is referred as B100 20% biodiesel & 80% petrodiesel is labeled B20 5% biodiesel & 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5

ETHANOL Ethanol fuel is an ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH),the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.It is a renewable fuel. Ethanol is produced from crops like sugarcane,potato,cassava and corn Steps for production of ethanol are fermentation, distillation, dehydration and denaturing Cont. Ethanol is blended with gasoline in various amounts for use in vehicles. E10 is a low-level blend composed of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline E15 is a low-level blend composed of 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline E25 is a low-level blend composed of 25% ethanol and 75% gasoline E85 is a high-level gasoline blend containing 51% to 83% ethanol.

COMPARISON AMONG PETROL DIESEL,LPG AND CNGBased on general characteristics

Cont.

Cont.Based on mileage

Based on running cost

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CI ENGINE USING DIESEL BLENDED WITH JATHROPHA BIODIESELA stationary single cylinder four-stroke 3.7 kw kirloskar engine tested with diesel blended with jatropha biodiesel in 0%,5%,20%,50%,80% & 100%.Performance parameters(brake specific fuel consumption,brake thermal efficiency,volumetric efficiency) has been evaluated.Results on emission of green house gases has been analysed.Cont.

BSFC VS load

Cont. BTE vs load

Cont. Volumetric efficiency vs load

Cont. Carbon dioxide emission vs load

Cont. Carbon monoxide emission vs load

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FOUR STROKE SI ENGINE USING CNGA single cylinder four stroke air cooled bajaj kawasaki petrol engine tested in steady state and at full load condition using CNG Performance parameters(torque,volumetric efficiency,power BSFC) has been evaluatedResults on emission characteristics also analysed.

Cont.

Volumetric Efficiency vs Engine Speed

Cont. Torque vs Engine Speed

Cont. Brake Power vs Engine Speed

Cont. BSFC vs Engine Speed

Cont. Carbon Dioxide Emission vs Engine Speed

CONCLUSIONFrom the test conducted on CI engine using diesel blended with jatropha biodiesel .It has been concluded that performance parameters has been enhanced and emission of green house gases has been reduced

Similarly,from the test conducted on SI engine using CNG.It has been concluded that performance parameters as well as green house gases both has been reduced

The results of test shown that the biodiesel,CNG(renewable fuels) are best alternative of non renewable fuels(petrol, diesel, coal)

Emission of green house gases from alternative fueled engine are very less compare to fossil fueled engine which ahead us one step to save the environment.

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