Presenter Dr Subbanna AyyappanDirector General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)Secretary of the Department of Agricultural Research and EducationACIAR Policy Advisory Council member

Topic “Challenges and priorities for ICAR in the next decade”

Date 11am, Wednesday 18 January 2012

Venue CSIRO Plant Industry Lecture Theatre

Acknowledgements Ayyappan S (2012) Feeding over a billion forever: challenges and priorities for ICAR in the next decade, ACIAR Seminar Series presentation, 18 January 2012, Canberra, Australia.

Feeding over a Billion Forever…(Challenges and Priorities

for ICAR in the next decade)

18 January, 2012

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

India World World India

Cereals 2237.6 242.00

Rice 455.6 95.32

Wheat 652.6 85.93

Coarse Grains 1121.3 42.22

Maize 889.2 21.23

Oilseed 464.7 31.1

Sugar 165.7 26.0

Meat 290.6 6.8

Milk 710 112.0

Fish 149.0 7.8

Developed Countries; 19 Near East na

North Africa; 37

Latin Amer-ica and

the Carib-bean;

53

Sub-Saha-ran

Africa; 239

Asia and the Pa-

cific; 578

Undernourishment in 2010, by

region (million)

Food production (mt)

India in World Food Basket

Commodity

Present Annual

Production, mt

Rank in the World

Present Annual Growth

Rate, %

Projected Required Annual Growth Rate, % (2020 – 21, on

7.3% GDP Growth)

Food grain 233.90 III 0.91 1.93

Sugar & Gur 23.80 II 1.36 1.91

Vegetables 125.80 II 4.68 2.11

Fresh Fruits 63.50 II 3.65 3.24

Milk 108.90 I 3.94 3.00

Meat 6.10 V 3.43 3.72

Eggs (billion no.) 53.50 III 5.07 3.85

Fish 7.13 III 2.68 4.25

> 17% of the world’s human & 11% livestock population and counting

4.2% of the world’s water

2.4% of the world’s area

142 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated

137% cropping intensity

52% of population earns livelihood in agriculture

15.7% contribution in GDP

10.23% earning of total exports (~ ` 86,000 crores)

India Today…

More From Less For More

Enhancing productivity and efficiency

Primary Agriculture to Secondary Agriculture

Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health- Environment-Employment

Skill and Youth in Agriculture

Science-led Agriculture

Context and Paradigms

Developed Countries; 19

Near East na North Africa; 37

Latin America and the Carib-

bean; 53Sub-

Saharan Africa;

239

Asia and the Pa-

cific; 578

Undernourishment in 2010, by region (million)

Source : FAO

Prevalence of undernourishment and progress towards the World Food Summit (WFS) and the Millennium Development Goal

(MDG) targets in developing countries

WORLD Region/sub-

region/ country (under-

nourishment category)

Total Populati

on

Number of people

undernourished

Progress in

number towards

WFS

WFS trend

Proportion of undernourish

ed in total population

Progress in

prevalence

towards MDG

Target = 0.5

MDG

trend

2005-07 (million

s)

1995-97

2005-07

1995-97

2005-07

East Asia 1402.1 149.8 139.5 0.6 12 10 0.6

Southeast Asia

555.5 85.7 76.1 0.7 18 14 0.6

South Asia 1520.1 252.8 331.1 1.3 20 22 1.0

Central Asia 58.7 4.9 6.0 1.4 9 10 1.2

Western Asia 16.0 4.3 1.1 0.2 27 7 0.2

The Caribbean

34.4 8.8 8.1 1.1 28 24 0.9

South America

375.9 34.1 29.2 0.8 10 8 0.6

Near East 280.4 24.1 26.3 1.8 11 9 1.3

North Africa 158.8 5.4 6.1 1.2 - - na na

Central Africa

98.4 37.2 51.8 2.5 49 53 1.6

East Africa 252.8 84.7 86.9 1.1 44 34 0.8

Southern Africa

103.4 33.3 33.9 1.1 41 33 0.8

West Africa 275.0 32.0 28.5 0.8 15 10 0.5

Africa 888.4 192.6 207.2 1.2 28 23 0.8

Food and Nutrition Security Already Under Stress

1990-92 1995-97 2005-070

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2020

1716

Proportion of undernour-ished in total population in developing countries

(%)

Year

Pro

port

ion

un

dern

ou

rish

ed

1990-92 1995-97 2005-070

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900826.6

768.1

835.2

No. of people undernour-ished in developing countries (millions)

Year

Peop

le u

nd

ern

ou

rish

ed

Enhanced Access to Food

Food Prices: From Crisis to Stability

Global Production Trend: CerealsGrowth Rates in Area, Production and Yield/Ha. Since 1970

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

Area Yield/ha Production

1.15

2.15

3.33

-0.89

2.78

1.87

-0.42

1.06

0.64

0.03

0.810.84

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Note: Percentage of household budget spent on food by the lowest expenditure quintile of the population. Source of raw data: FAO Rural Income Generating Activities project

Poor people spend much of their income on food

Note: The size of bubbles is proportional to the number of undernourished in 2008. African countries are shown in red, Asian countries in blue and Latin American countries in green. Price used are inflation-adjusted retail prices of major staple foods in main markets, weighted by the population of each market and the share in energy intake of each staple food. Source of raw data: FAO

Difference in resilience to food price shocks across countries

Y = 4 t/ha?, * KBS

Traditional Farming(Early 1900s)

Mechanization(1960s)

Green Revolution(1970s)

Biotechnology Era(2000s)

Technology Convergence

(21st century)

Y = < 0.5 t/ha, Feudalism

Y = >0.5 t/ha, Land Reforms

Y = >1 t/ha, Co-operatives

Y = >1.5 t/ha, HRD/ Technological Break Through

Distinct Transitions: Agricultural Era

* Knowledge based Society

Productivity Gains

CommodityProductivity

1950 2009 Times

Food Grains, kg/ha

522 1898 3.6

Fruits, kg/ha 8600 13700 1.6

Vegetables, kg/ha

7500 15600 2.1

Fish, kg/ha (Aquaculture)

400 2700 6.8

Milk litre/lactation

583 1080 1.8

Eggs, No./bird 50 238 4.8

Major Concerns

Natural Resources degradation

Increasing Biotic and Abiotic Pressures

Input use Efficiency (Water, Nutrients, Energy)

Farm Mechanization

Harvest & Post Harvest Losses

Profitability in farming

Quality Human Resource

Farm Extension

Pressures on Natural

Resource BaseDeforestation

Soil erosion

Desertification

(million ha)

Land degradation

107.43

Water erosion

57.15

Degraded forests

24.90

Wind erosion 10.46

Salt-affected 6.32

Acid-affected 12.00

Others 8.60Per capita agricultural

land availability0.34 ha (1950-51)

0.17 ha (1999-2000)

0.12 ha (2010-2011)

Biodiversity for Posterity

WorldEstimated Species 10 million

Documented species 1.72 million

India: Among the 12 Mega bio-diversity Centres

India: 3 of the 34 Hot Spots of Biodiversity

12% of world’s flora

7% of world’s fauna

National Bureaus of Plant, Animal, Fish, Microbes and Insects

Climatic risks are increasing

Source: Munich Re 2009

Great weather catastrophes 1950 – 2008Number of events with trend

Impact of climate change on rainfed wheat production, 2050

Projected Impacts

Increase in CO2 to 550 ppm increases yields of rice, wheat, legumes and oilseeds by 10-20%

A 1oC increase in temperature may reduce yields of wheat, soyabean, mustard, Groundnut and potato by 3-7%. Much higher losses at higher temperatures

Productivity of most crops to decrease marginally by 2020 but by 10-40% by 2100. Increase in droughts and floods are likely to increase production variability even in short-term

Possibly some improvement in yields of chickpea, rabi maize, sorghum and millets; and coconut in west coast

Less loss in potato, mustard and vegetables in north-western India due to reduced frost damage

Assessing vulnerability of Indian agriculture to climate change: Controlled environment facilities

Dryland Farming

Drought-resistant crop varieties

Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD)

Participatory Land and Water Resources Management : Sujala

Land Treatments for In situ Moisture Conservation

Water Saving Technologies: Laser leveling, Raised bed planting Water absorptionChlorophyll

absorption

Water content

Cell structure

Leaf Pigments

(nm)

Visible Near-Infrared

Shortwave Infrared

Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development

(IMSD)

Improving Productivity in Drylands

Land & Water resources development plans for 84 Mha in

175 dists. in country

Monitoring & Evaluation of Dev. Activity in 77 Sub-watersheds in 5 Dists. of Karnataka

Watershed prioritisation & Development using EO inputsConcurrent Monitoring & Mid-course correction of Implementation Social & Environmental Impact Assessment Improving the quality of life

Participatory Land and Water Resources Management : Sujala

Monitoring Land use Changes

Fallow

Maize

IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3 FEB 2002

IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3 FEB 2002

IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3 MAR, 2005

Cropping Intensity has increased from 106 %

to 128 %

Drainage

Watershed Land Use

Soil

Ground Water

Potential

Imagery

Land Resource Development

Plan

Water Resource Development

Plan

Soil-Water Conservation

Bio-engineering measures: Contour bunding/farming, Conservation furrows, bench terracing, Staggered trenching, Vegetative barriers/Check dams for rainfed lands

24 million ha-m storage of rainwater to provide supplementary and life-saving irrigations to crops and increased ground water recharge

Conservation AgricultureCountry Million

ha USA 25.30

Brazil 23.60

Argentina 18.27

Canada 12.52

Australia 9.00

Rest of the South America

3.04

Indo-Gangetic Plains 3.20/10.0

Europe 0.45

Africa 0.40

China 1.00

Others (rough estimate)

1.00

Total 98.00

Control Nano-P

Lab production of Nano particles

Field Application of nano-P on pearlmillet

Nano-Technology for enhanced use of

Phosphate Fertilizer Developed a method for production of phosphorus nano-particles from rock phosphate.

Initial results showed high promise of nano-P applications on crops of arid region

Integrated Nutrient ManagementSoil fertility

maps for precise fertilizer use

Conjunctive use of Chemical fertilizers, organic manures and Biofertilizers

New fertilizer policy – Sulphur along with NPK and micronutrients (fortified/coated and customized fertilizers)

Integrated Farming Systems

Location-specific IFS models: Cereals, Pulses, Vegetables, Fruits, Livestock and Fish

Productivity gains 3-5 times

Potential in Eastern India (12 m ha of Waterlogged lands)

Water Saving Technologies

Promotes: Intensification Diversification

Innovations: Shape future for Eastern IGP farmers

Laser land leveling - A Precursor technology

Increases irrigated area ~ 2%Increases crop yields ~ 20%Additional field area added ~ 3%

Raised bed planting

Rice-winter Maize+Potato/Rice

Pipeline Networking

Net water productivity of rice-fish farming systems

R-Rice, R-F- Rice- fish, R-FHC- Rice- fish –hort. crops,

RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

1

2

3

4

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1.5

2.7

3.8

13.8

INR/m3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C R

-FD

F

.

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

.

12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9

% d

evi

atio

n

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

August June 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept. 115 dist

Oct. 179 dist

No. of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System

-0.27

-0.26

0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 >0.6

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District/ Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green Revolution and FCI

Scarcity relief

1972

Employment Generation Programmes

Drought relief

1979

ContingencyCropPlan

Droughtmanagement

1987

WatershedApproach

Watermanagement

2002

Improved weather forecasts and their applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source: ADPC/MOA

2009

Drought Proofing Indian Agriculture

0

50

100

150

200

2501972-7

3

1974-7

5

1979-8

0

1982-8

3

1984-8

5

1985-8

6

1986-8

7

2000-0

1

2001-0

2

2002-0

3

2003-0

4

2004-0

5

2005-0

6

2006-0

7

2007-0

8

2008-0

9

2009-1

0

Year

Food

Pro

du

cti

on

(m t

on

nes)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Mon

soon

(%

devi

ati

on

fr

om

norm

al)

Food Production (m tonnes)

Monsoon (% deviation from normal)

National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture

(NICRA ) - ` 350 crores for XI Plan

Identification of 15-20 heat/drought tolerant crops’ cultivars

Resilience to small and marginal farmers and reduce production losses at least by 25-30%

Technology demonstration in 100 districts of 27 States Capsicum 7 – 6 x KTP4 tolerant

to high temperature (summer 2007)

18 x Oregon IIHR 544 (check)

Comparison of pod size and pod filling

Fari

dkot

(Pu

nja

b)

Rop

ar

(Pu

nja

b)

West T

ripu

ra (T

ripu

ra)

Sen

ap

ati (M

an

ipu

r)

Gondia (Maharashtra)

Phulwama (J & K)

Rajkot (Gujarat)

KVKs

Quality Seed: Key to Good Agriculture

2010WW Seed market42 billion USD

Farm Saved Seed:15 billion USD

Internationally Traded:7.6 billion USD

228 members from 78 countriesISF members cover 96% of international

seed trade

Domestic Seed Market 2010(USD million) (Conversion rate: 1€=1.3USD)

TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL

USA 12,000 UK 400 Finland 160

China 6,000 Turkey 400 Austria 150

France 2,400 South Africa 370 Egypt 140

Brazil 2,000 Mexico 350 Morocco 140

India 2,000 The Netherlands 317 Bulgaria 120

Japan 1400 Czech Republic 300 Chile 120

Germany 1261 Hungary 300 Nigeria 120

Italy 780 Taiwan 300 Serbia 120

Argentina 600 Poland 260 Switzerland 118

Canada 550 Greece 240 Solvakia 110

Russian Federation 500 Sweden 240 New Zealand 100

Spain 450 Romania 220 Ireland 80

Australia 400 Belgium 185 Paraguay 80

Korea 400 Denmark 185 TOTAL 37,098

Rice GenomeTotal sequence: 15 MbNo. of genes: 2500Chromosome 11 has 218 disease resistance-like genes (> 20 % of the whole genome)

Rice Knowledge Management Portal

Improved Pusa Basmati 1 Rice

Export worth ` 12,193 crore annually

Genomes of Tomato and Wheat

Mapping QTL for grain length and ER in Sonasal x Pusa 1121 cross

Molecular Plant BreedingDisease Resistant Basmati Rice

Gene pyramided Basmati variety (Improved Pusa Basmati 1) for bacterial blight resistance

Two genes conferring tolerance to Bacterial Leaf Blight pyramided together by MAS

Commercial release - 2007

Genetically Improved Rice

Empowered to fight blight – Shri Chander Singh Lamba of Urlana Khurd, Panipat, Haryana

Improved Pusa Basmati 1 (Pusa 1460) - high yielding, bacterial blight resistant variety developed MAS by pyramiding genes xa13 and Xa21 in the background of Pusa Basmati 1. Excellent grain and cooking quality traits with less than 10% chalky grains

Duration : 135 daysAverage yield : 60 q/haPaddy price : ` 2,400/qGross return : ` 140,000/haCultivation cost : ` 20,000/haNet Return : ` 120,000/haCrop rotationPaddy - Berseem/Potato

ferritin 35S g7barGluB-1nos

Sst I Bam HI Hind III

ferritin Glo-Pnos

Sst I Bam HIKpn I

ferritin Pro-Pnos

Sst I Bam HIKpn I

Vasconcelos et al ., Plant Sci., 2003Tan et al., Int J Food Sci Tech., 2004

Khalekuzzaman et al., Int J Biotech., 2006Ozturk et al ., 2006 (iron and zinc in wheat)

Bioengineered high iron/zinc rice

Silencing of Lipoxygenase Gene

RNAi

Post-harvest storage lossesDeveloped countries: up to 10%

India: 15% - 50%

http://www.rkmp.co.inRice Knowledge

Management Portal

C4 Rice/Potato: a possibility

National Agricultural Bioinformatics Grid 

National Agricultural Innovation Project

National Fund for Basic, Strategic and Frontier Applications Research in Agriculture

33.7 36

45.5 46 46.8

44 45.1

45.7

45.8

45.4

35.3 42

.5 47.1 51

.3

61.5

48.9

63

62.9

61.5 61 64.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Yiel

d Po

tent

ial (

Q/h

a)

Variety (Year of Release)

Landmark wheat releases in India

Maize Revolution

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2011-12 2015-16 2020-21 2025-26

67

89

12.5

16.5

20.5

22.5

3.54.5

6.5

10.5

22

28

35

42

Utilization (m

t)

Year

Food Feed

Industrial Total

GR set for Agriculture: 4%

Required GR: 4.7%

Current GR: 6.4 %

Current GR > target

Current production 20.23 mt

Are

a,

Pro

du

cti

on

Yie

ld

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Productivity (t/ha) Production (m t)

Area (m ha)

Impact of Single Cross Hybrid Maize in India

Are

a,

Pro

du

cti

on

Pro

du

ctivity

(t/ha)

Year

Hybrid Project Launched - 1989

A - ~3 times; Prod. - >12 times; Y - ~5 times

Land races

Comp

Comp/DC

SCH

Food Productivity (Yield – Kg/ha)

1965-1996

1970-1971

1980-1981

1990-1991

1999-2000

2008-2009

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000Foodgrains

Rice

Wheat

Pulses

Production : 18.2 mtRequirement : 21.00 mtArea :

23.0 m haYield : 637

kg/ha Import : 2.5-3 mtExport : 0.16 mt

Demand Projection for

2022 : 26.43 mt

India needs to invest more in R & D to meet the requirements as world supply would not be adequate to meet India’s need

Taking Pulses Forward…

Mungbean

Meha, Samrat, HUM 1, CO6,Pusa 9531, Pusa Vishal, Ganga 8, OUM 11-5, HUM 2, HUM 6

Urdbean

Uttara, WBG 26, TU 94-2, KU 301, KU 96-3, Pant Urd 31, Pant Urd 40,WBU 109

Fieldpea Adarsh, Vikas, Prakash, Swati, HUDP 15, DDR 23, Ambika, DDR 27

Lentil DPL 62, JL 3, IPL 81, KLS 218, HUL 57, VL 507, VL 126, IPL 406, WBL 77

RajmashIPR 96-4 (Amber), IPR 98-5 (Utkarsh)

Pigeonpea

NDA 2, Vipula, TT 401, BRG 1, CO7 (CORG9701), MAL I 3, Pusa 991

The whole plant and different parts of the pigeonpea cultivar 'Asha' (ICPL 87119).

a. whole plant at fruiting stage;

b. a defoliated branch with pods;

c. a branch with heavy flowering;

d. mature seeds;

e. dehusked split seeds or 'Dal';

f. 22 chromosomesin a root tip cell

Number of chromosomes 11 pairs

Genome size (Physical) 858 Mb (million base pairs)

Genome size (Genetic) 1057 cM (centi Morgan)

Decoding of the Arhar Genome:

Paving the Way for Green Revolution in Pulses

Marker Assisted Selection

Gene pyramiding

Genomic approaches

Transgenics

Potato Cv. Kufri

Bahar

Bt-Brinjal (Event 142)

First Transgenic Sorghum for drought tolerance under

field trial

OilseedsProduction 29.75 mt (8.9 mt oil)

Area 26.69 m ha

Yield 1,115 kg/ha

Per capita consumption

14 kg/year

Requirement of country

16.1 mt (oil)

Import 7.2 mt (oil)

Demand Projection for

2015 55.5 mt (oilseeds)

2020 66.0 mt (oilseeds)

OILSEEDSGroundnut

JL 24, TMV2, TAG24, SBXI, AK12-24, GG20, TG26,Kadini6, Narayani, Greeshma, Kadiri7, Kadiri 8, Vijetha, Girnar 3. Kadiri Haritandhra, HNG 69

SoybeanJS 335, JS93-05, NRC 37, JS 97-52, JS 95-60, DS98-14, PS 1347, RKS 18, SL 668, JS97-52

Rapeseed-Mustard

Pusa bold, Pusa Jai Kisan, Varuna, RH-30, NRCDR-2, Rohini (mustard), M-27(Toria), YSB-9 (yellow sarson), NRCDR-2, DMH-1, NRCHB 506, NRCHB101, NRCDR 601, Pusa mustard 25,Pusa mustard 26, Pusa mustard 27, yellow sarson : Pitambri, NRCYS05-02, YSH-401

Sunflower

KBSH-41, KBSH-44, NDSH-1, RSFH-1, DRSF-108, SS-56, Co-4, Morden, KBSH53, PSFH 569, CO2

Safflower

A-1, Bhima, NARI 6 (non spiny), PBNS-12 (Parbhani Kusum), NARI-NH-1, NARIH 15, SSF 658

CastorJyothi, Kranthi, Haritha, GCH4, GCH 5, DCH 32, DCH 177, RHC 1, DCH 519, Sagarshakti, YRCH1, DCS 107, Chandra prabha

Sunflower + pigeonpea (2:1)

Sunflower + groundnut (1:5)

Soybean + sunflower (2:1)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (5:2)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Castor + groundnut (1:3/5)

Castor + mungbean (1:2)

Castor + clusterbean (1:2)

Castor + pigeonpea (1:1) Chickpea + Mustard (3:1)

IPM

Acerophagus papayae

Pseudleptomastix mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Surveillance

Forecasting

Crop Abiotic Stress type

Rice Drought, Salinity

Wheat High temp., Drought, Salinity

Sorghum Drought

Maize Water logging, drought

Chickpea Drought, Cold tolerance

Pigeonpea Salinity, Drought

Groundnut Drought

Sugarcane Drought, Water logging

PotatoDrought, High temperature, Salinity

Mustard Drought, Salinity

Tomato Drought, Salinity

Cotton Drought, Salinity

Abiotic stress tolerant crops through biotechnology

Cereals37%

Pulses

6%

Oilseeds9%

Sugarcane5%

Cotton

3%

Horticulture

23%

Others17%

1990-91

Ce-re-als

31%

Pulses4%

Oilseeds8%Sugarcane

6%Cotton

5%

Hor-ti-

cul-ture30%

Others14%

2010-11

Cropping Patterns

6% area contribute 23.4% Value

9% area contribute 30.4% value at constant prices and 30.7% at

current prices

India – a leader in Horticulture

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Banana Grapes Papaya Tapioca Lemons &Limes

Cabbage &Other

Brassicas

India Global

Yield, t/ha

Horticulture Produce 234.4 mt

Fruits India World Highest

Banana 36 18.65 36 (India)

Grapes 26 8.83 26 (India)

Mango 6 7.23 17 (Brazil)

Papaya 33 23.99 81 (Indonesia)

Pineapple

15 19.77 44 (Kenya)

All fruits

11 10.5621 (USA, Brazil)

Fruits: India in the world (t/ha)

Diagnostics developed for

banana, potato, grapes and citrus

Early diagnostics for reducing crop

losses

BBTV virus

particles

Micro rhizomesMini/ techno tuber productionSomatic embryogenesis and plumule cultureAeroponics

New propagation techniques

Technology for mass production of Banana through tissue culture

High-density planting in banana

Important Production Technologies

Arka Prabhat

Papaya

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1991-92 1995-96 2000-01 2008-09Year

Potato

Area Productivity Production

Technology Impact: Potato

A temperate crop made tropical through 100% indigenously developed cultivars - 25

Self sufficiency in seed production lead to saving up to ` 2,000 crores a year

Processing varieties almost cover 10 per cent area of total potato area

High Export of potato

Kufri Pukhraj

The short day potato varieties have changed the scenario of

potato industry

Technology Impact: Grapes

Root stock technology alone revolutionized grape cultivation with 10% yield and quality

advantage fetched additional revenue of ` 790 crores

1991-92 1996-97 2001-02 2007-080

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3Area Yield Production

Grape

Organic Farming - Variants

Organic farming

Biodynamic

farming‘Vedic krishi’

Homa farming

Nature farming

Eco-farming

Traditional organic farming

Organic farming of Lavender in Himachal, India

Organic Health

Products

Organic Essential

Oils

1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-070.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

17.00 21.20

53.90

112124.00

112.00

176.00

263.00

Milk production (MT)Per capita availability (g/day)

1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-070.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

1.83 5.30

21.10

60

5.0010.00

25.00

51.00Egg production (billion nos)Per capita availability (nos/h/yr)

Major gains in animal productionIndia – leader in milk production for a decade

Area-based Mineral mixture as a major intervention

2009-10

2009-10

Dairy for Livelihood in Rural Areas

Improved germplasm - Enhanced milk productivity

Increase in average daily milk yield of non-descript cows by 310 g, Crossbred - 790 g, buffaloes - 730 g

since 1993-94

1993-94 1997-98 2002-03 2005-060

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1.66 1.83 1.91.9700000000

0004

5.65

6.36 6.52 6.44

3.573.83

4.13 4.3

Av. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-ND Av. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-CBAv. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-Buffalo

Animal Production Trends - Impact of Research

Wool Production (million Kg)

Meat Production (MT)

Meat production increased by 21% during last 8 years

1950-51

1968-69

1990-91

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

27.50 29.80

41.2045.20 44.00 41.00

1998-99 2002-03 2006-07 2007-08 2008-090

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

31.9 2.1 2.3

2.62.9

Wool increased by 60% compared to 1950-51

Small Ruminants - Potential Goat

Breeds

Small Ruminants - Potential Sheep Breeds

Fodder Cultivation -

Key for Dairy

improvement

Major leads in animal reproduction

Major leads in animal reproduction

World’s First AI calf of Mithun

Ten Calves produced

in a year through ETT

Garima After One YearFirst Cloned Buffalo through

Hand-guided technique

17 piglets from ‘Ghungroo’ pig

Buffalo genomics at an advanced stage

Poultry strains - Both commercial and backyard

Broiler Layer Rural02468

101214161820

1980 - 1990 1990 - 2000

Breeds with Over 300 eggs/year

Immunobiologicals and diagnostic kits

Detection of Adulteration in

Milk

Dot-ELISA kit for Brucella

Sandwich Elisa Kit for FMD virus

India Free from: Rinderpest African Horse Sickness Bovine Pleuropneumonia

OIE - Approved Referral Lab

FMD Facility For SAARC

Huge Impact on Exports

Vaccine against sheep foot rot

ELISA kit for GBNV

Biosensors for milk adulteration

Prediction system for downy mildew of cucurbits

Inland 29%

Marine 71%

Inland

60%

Marine

40%

Marine 55%

Inland45%

Fish production trends

1950-51 1995-96 2009-10012345678

0.750000000000004

4.95

7.8

10 fold

Changes in monsoon rainfall (%) and annual mean surface air temperature(°C) for the period 2071-

2100 wrt the baseline (1961-1990)

A2-CTLMonsoonPrecip

B2-CTLMonsoonPrecip

A2-CTLAnnualTemp

B2-CTLAnnualTemp

Source: IITM, K Kumar

Potential Fishing Zone

Chlorophyll Distribution

PFZ Map0.1 mg/m3 5.03.01.0

Estimated Users: 37000

No. of Nodes : > 370

Mode of DisseminationSMS, Radio, TV, Web, Kiosks, Telephone, Fax, Email

Carbon Footprint by Marine Fishing Boats

CO2 emission: Catch ratio

1980 1:1.3

1998 1:0.9

2007 1:0.8

CO2 emission: Catch ratio

Trawlers 1:0.56

Gill netters 1:0.71

Dol netters 1:0.69

Other Mech 1:0.70

Total Mech. 1:0.60

Motorised craft 1:2.08

Fossil fuel consumption by marine fishing boats is around 1,380 million liters per year

CO2 emission by marine fishing sector is around 3.6 million tonnes per year

Marine finfish breeding & culture – Seabass, Cobia

Mussel & Oyster farming

Seaweed culture

Ornamental Fish

Mariculture

AquacultureBlue revolution through Carp CultureImproved Rohu thru’ selectionDiversified farmingShrimp as a Dollar earner

AQUA TOURISM

Fish Harvest & Post-harvest

Improved fishing crafts and gearsIndustrial products

Collagen chitosan filmAbsorbable surgical suturesHigh gel strength agar from sea weedsSqualene from shark liver oil

Food productsCurry in pouches“Fishcurre”A variety of ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat products

Machines demonstrated and found wide adoption in different regions

Paddy drum seeder

Farm Mechanization

Paddy transplanter

Power Tiller

Zero till drill

Groundnut sheller

Manual weeder

Plastic mulching

Rice-wheat mechanisation

Efficient farm implements for timely operations

9-row planter Groundnut stripper

Rotary weeder 4 - row bullock drawn planter

Ergonomic/Gender-friendly tools and equipment

High Women workforce in agriculture – both production and processing

Reducing drudgery and mainstreaming

US President visits ICAR Exhibits

6th November, 2010

Termed ICAR Tools as ‘Appropriate Technologies’

Protected Cultivation

Multi-fuel Open Core Down Draft Gasifier

Gasifier system installed at M/s Suman Food Products,

Udaipur Capacity - 60 kg/h biomassUnder regular use for the

last one year

ENERGY

‘Primary Agriculture to

Secondary Agriculture’

Agro-processing centre in each village generating employment for 2-10 persons costing ` 10-15 lakhs

Developed and commercialized 60 processing machineries and technologies for post harvest loss reduction and value addition

Modernization of rice mills has led to advantage of about ` 15,000 crores / annum by way of higher rice & rice bran oil recovery, better quality.

Post Harvest Management

Novel Value Addition & Processing Technologies

Microencapsulator

Foam mat dried tomato

Peanut Milk & Products

Development of foam mat drying, ohmic heating, pulse electric field, high hydrostatic pressure systems for food processing.

Development of techniques for micro-encapsulation/ nano-encapsulation of antioxidants, vitamins and probiotics for fortification of foods.Multigrain

Biscuits

Aonla Toffee

Nutritional Information: One serving of mix (80 g) provides 16 g of dietary fiber, 248 k cal of energy, 11.4 g of protein, 71 mg of calcium, 3 mg of iron and 60 μ of carotene

Millet Monitors Diabetic

Nutritional Information: 50 g of mix provides 188 kcals of energy, 7g of protein, 141 mg of calcium and 2.5 mg of iron.

Five health foods developed and nutritional and medical claims have been included in the labels

103

Bioethanol Production From Sweet Sorghum

Work contract for Bullock Cart Owners reduced time lag between harvesting and transportation of stalk to DCU on same day enhancing juice recovery by 3%.

Juice from stalk extracted by mechanical expellers (yield: 269 litres of juice/t of stalk) and concentrated in to syrup (extending its storage life to one year; 100 litres of juice yielded 18 kg of syrup).

Primary Processing

Mobile Seed Processing Unit for

Seed Spices Tamarind processing in

Bastar

K. chipsona-2 possessed minimum conc. of acralamide content (161 µg/kg) followed by Kufri

Chandramukhi (106 µg/kg )

Potato

Specialty potatoes were marketed in retail outlets, super markets etc. in National Capital Region (Meerut,

Ghaziabad etc.)

Non conventional sources of wine

Pomegrenate Sorghum

Value added Animal products

Herbal Ghee

Mango Lassi with

Extended Shelf life

Smart Packaging including Minimal Processing

Headspace Gas Analyser

Gas permeability tester

Collaborative Researchable Issues

Development of protocols for shelf life enhancement of high value crops through modified and controlled atmosphere packaging

Development of technologies for minimal processing of high value crops for tertiary processing.

Development of smart packaging for fruits & vegetables.

Minimal Processing and Modified Atmosphere Packaging

Axial flow cotton pre-cleaner

Axial flow pre-cleaner for seed cotton for use in the production catchment

Banana fibre as fabric

Village level ring frame

Micro processor based ring frame for yarn making in rural areas

Cotton

Eco-holi and textile colours

from vegetable sources

Surface Painting of

idolsLow cost &

safe eco-holi powders

1,264 shades of Natural Dyes for Textiles from 10

sources

Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture

Un

ivers

itie

s

Stu

den

ts

x1

00

0

Years

50%

20%

7%

3%5%

1%2% 12%

in Govt. Departments in Private Sectoras Teachers in Researchin Banks in NGOsSelf Employed in Others

UG,25000

Masters, 8000

Ph.D., 2000

Placement

Niche Areas of Excellence

30 established

Experiential Learning

220 Units established

RCTsMedicinal and aromatic plantsArsenic toxicity Temperate fruits Fish production

Vermi-composting

Bio-fertilizer

Mushroom

Apiary

Poultry

Inland saline soils for aquaculture Functional fermented dairy products with synbioticsBiofuels

Agro-processingBakery and confectionary productsValue addition in Aonla, Mango, Tomato and ‘Kagzi’ lime

B.Sc. Agri.

B.V.Sc. & AH

B.Sc. Hort.

B.F.Sc.

B.Sc. Home Scien

ce

B.Tech.

Dairy Tech.

e-Courses in Agriculture

Farm Science Centres - Reaching the unreached

607 KVKs across the country

Knowledge Innovative Repository in Agriculture for North-East (KIRAN)

Agropedia

KM for tagging content/people

Contains over 7000 pages content

Deployed both off-line/online

Provision for social networking platform

Tremendous international curiosity: over 230,000 visitors from 196 countries

20 workshops held, 756 trained

The second phase under consideration

Information, Communication and Publicity

Open access policy for research journals -The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences and The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences made on - line under E-PKSAR Project having 6,600 registered users in 166 different countries

ICAR website averaged more than 150,000 visitors per month

Monthly newsletter ICAR Mail in English and ICAR Chitthi in Hindi

Launched Agribiotech, a quarterly news, in 13 languages to create awareness about biotechnology

NKN: Connectivity to AUs and Institutes

AGROWEB-Digital Dissemination Systems

DIPA – Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture and ARIS as Agricultural Knowledge Management Cells

IPR and Technology CommercializationPatents (2008-09)

Applications filed 55

Cumulative 385

Granted Patents 55

Foreign Patent Applications 3 PCT + A few National Phase

Plant Varieties

Applications Filed 635 (577 extant and 58 new)

Published Applications 301

Registered / protected Varieties

63

Trademarks

“PUSA” by IARI, New Delhi

“ARKA” by IIHR, Bengaluru

“IISR” by IISR (Spices), Calicut

“KNOCK WP” and “TRIVIR 1%” by DOR, Hyderabad

“CIFAX”, “CIFABROOD” “Jayanti Rohu” by CIFA, Bhubaneswar

“Vanaraja” and “Gramapriya” by PD Poultry, Hyderabad

Copyrights

Registered copyrights on Softwares

CIAE, Bhopal

DSR (Soybean), Indore

NBFGR, Lucknow

NBPGR, New Delhi

ICAR Company

Seeds

Farm Implements & Machinery

Diagnostics & Vaccines

Value Added Products

Professional Services & Turnkey Projects

Overseas Operations

The Union Cabinet approved the proposal of setting up a new company

on 11 August 2011

AGRINNOVATEINDIA

BISA

The Union Cabinet approved the proposal DARE to accept the proposal of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) to establish an international institute, namely, Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) in India, on September, 2011

Establishment of Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) with centres at Ludhiana in Punjab, Pusa in Bihar and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh

The Union Cabinet today approved the proposal of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Research and Education to accept the proposal of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) to establish an international institute, namely, Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) in India with centres at Ludhiana in Punjab, Pusa in Bihar and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.

CIMMYT is authorised to establish BISA at three centres-one each at Punjab, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. BISA will be conferred an international status as contemplated in clause 3 of United Nations (Privileges and Immunities) Act, 1947. The Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) on behalf of Government of India will be authorised in all matters regarding establishment of the institute. DARE will be authorised to conclude the agreement/MOU between the Government of India in the DARE and CIMMYT.

The establishment of BISA in India will enable India to harness the best of international science, in meeting food security challenges. India would be able to rapidly and effectively absorb the research output of BISA thus benefiting farmers of the country. A major International R&D institution will make India even a bigger centre for agricultural research in the world and this, in turn, may attract further research & development investment in the country. ***RCJ/SK/SM (Release ID :76358)

IAP: India-Australia Partnership

Since 1983; Over 80 Projects

Strategic Framework 2011-2016:

- Water management in rainfed agriculture

- Zero-tillage cropping system

- Crop breeding, including wheat

- Agriculture policy

Regional focus and Eastern India

IAP: India-Australia Partnership

Crop Improvement

- Molecular marker technologies for faster wheat breeding in India (IAP-MAWB)

- Wheat improvement for waterlogging, salinity and element toxicities in Australia and India (IAP-MAWB)

- Root system traits to improve grain yield and drought resistance of wheat in Australia and India (IAP-MAWB)

- Molecular markers for broadening the genetic base of stem rust resistance genes effective against strain Ug99

- Improving post-rainy sorghum varieties to meet the growing grain and fodder demand in India

- Improving the quality of pearl millet residues for livestock

IAP: India-Australia Partnership

Land and Water Program

- Impacts of meso-scale watershed development in Andhra Pradesh (India) and comparative catchments in Australia

- Enhancing institutional performance in watershed management in Andhra Pradesh, India

- Developing multi-scale climate change adaptation strategies for farming communities in Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh and India

- Impact of climate change and watershed development on whole-of-basin agricultural water security in the Krishna Basin, India

- Water harvesting and better cropping systems for the benefit of small farmers in watersheds of the East India plateau

Regional and Africa programs

Contribution of Agricultural ResearchRate of returns to investments in agricultural research : Percent

33.2

Direct contribution of research to output growth: Percent

* Wheat 23.6

* Paddy 13.6

* Maize 13.1

* Bajra 20.6

* Cotton 26.4

Food Demands (mt)

CommodityBase year Projection2004-05 2020-21

Cereals 192.8 262.0

Pulses 14.2 22.2

Food grains 207.0 284.2

Milk and milk products 91.0 151.9

Egg (number billion) 44.1 87.6

Meat 2.60 4.1

Fish 5.9 11.9

Oilseeds 35.5 68.6

Vegetables 90.6 159.7

Fresh fruits 52.9 96.5

Sugarcane 262.3 435.6

ApproachHigh Value Agriculture

Secondary Agriculture (Food Technology)

Speciality Agriculture

National Agricultural Science Foundation

National Agricultural Innovation Foundation

Farmer FIRST

Student READY

R&D Policy for Agriculture

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Agriculture as a sought after subject and a career

Food-self-Reliant and Healthy India

We foresee…

THANK YOU