SEMESTER : I CORE : I CREDITS : 4 COURSE CODE : U16BT101...

B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards)

SEMESTER : I CORE : I

CREDITS : 4 COURSE CODE : U16BT101

CELL BIOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To make the student to understand the basic concepts of cell

and its functions.

OUTCOME: On successful completion of the course the student will be able to understand structural features, organelles and the cellular mechanisms.

UNIT-I

Discovery-Cell theory-Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes- Cellular Organelles:

Structure, Organization and Functions of Plasma membrane, Nucleus & nucleolus, Mitochondria.

UNIT-II

ER-rough and smooth, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Plastids, Vacuoles,

Lysosomes, Peroxisomes andMicrobodies.

UNIT-III

Cell junction. Overview, Structure and Organization of Micro tubules and Microfilaments-Cell movement.

UNIT-IV

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis-Cell Cycle-Regulation of Cell Cycle- Cell

signaling- (adrenalin receptors, acetylcholinereceptors, insulin receptors) Programmed Cell Death.

UNIT-V

Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation, Recombination -

Generalized and Site specific in bacteria- Holiday model.Oncogenic cells.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Gupta. P.K. 2005. Cell and Molecular biology. Rastogi Publications, India.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Harvey Lodish et al. 2002. ―Molecular Cell Biology‖, Fourth Edition,

W.H.Freeman& Company, New York.

2. Geoffrey M Cooper, Robert E Hausman. 2004. ―The Cell-A Molecular Approach‖, Third Edition, ASM Press, Washington.


3. Gerald Karp. 2001. ―Cell and Molecular Biology‖, Third edition, John

Wiley & Sons, New York. 4. Alberts et al. 2003. ―Essential Cell Biology: An Introduction to the

Molecular Biology of the Cell‖, Second edition. Garland Science Taylor&

Francis Group, New York. 5. David Freifelder. 1990. ―Essentials of molecular biology‖, Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi.


SEMESTER : I ALLIED : I

CREDITS : 3 COURSE CODE : U16BT1Y1

FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To make the students to understand the fundamentals of

microbes.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course of students will be able to understand the origin of microbes and their contribution in life.

To know the use of microscopes and sterilization techniques.

Gain knowledge on the contributions of great scientists towards the

growth of microbiology.

UNIT-I

Definition and scope of microbiology – History of microbiology. The origin

of microbial life – Theory of spontaneous generation. Contributions of

Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Robert Koch.

UNIT-II

Microscopy – Simple, compound, Darkfield, Phase contrast, Fluorescence & Electron Microscopy. Microbial evolution and diversity –

Binomial nomenclature of Microbes. Classification of three kingdom, five

kingdom concept and domain concept.

UNIT-III

Microbial growth – Growth curve measurement of microbial growth –

Measurement of cell number, Measurement of cell mass. Factors

affecting growth.

UNIT IV

Anatomy of prokaryotes – Cell wall, Cytoplasmic membrane, Cilia, Flagella, Capsule andSporulation.

UNIT-V

Sterilization – Methods of sterilization and Disinfection. Antimicrobial

chemotherapy – Tests for sensitivity to Antimicrobial agents.


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Pelczar Jr. M.J. Chan. E.C.S and Kreig.N.R 2006."Microbiology"- 5th

Edition McGraw Hill Inc. New York.

2. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. 2005. A Text book of microbiology. S.

Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine & L. Case, 2001, Microbiology an Introduction. Benjamin Cummings, U.S.A.

2. Danial Lim, 1998, Microbiology, McGrawHill Companies, New York.

3. Stainer, R.Y., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis, M.L and Painter, P.R. 1986.

"General Microbiology" -Mac Milan Education Ltd. London


SEMESTER : I CORE PRAC : I

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT1P1

CELL BIOLOGY LAB

1. Mitosis in onion root tips.

2. Barr body staining from buccal epithelial cells.

3. Preparation of giant /polytene chromosomes from chironomous larvae.

4. DNA isolation from buccal cells.

5. Cell Staining – Cytochemical Methods for Demonstration of Cellular and

sub-cellular components.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1 Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa

Book House.

2. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.

6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.


SEMESTER : I ALLIED PRAC : I

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE :U16BTYP1

FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY LAB

1. Sterilization principle and methods-moist heat - dry heat and filtration

methods.

2. Media preparation: Liquid media, Solid media, Agar deep, Agar slants,

Agar plates.

3. Pure culture technique: Streak plate, pour plate, spread plate, decimal

dilution.

4. Cultural characteristics of microorganisms: Growth on different media, growth characteristics and description.

5. Microscopy: Light microscopy.

6. Motility demonstration: Hanging drop preparation.

7. Staining techniques: smear preparation, simple staining, Gram‘s

staining.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1 Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa

Book House.

2. Gunasekaran, P. 2007. Lab Manual in Microbiology. New Age

International Publications.


SEMESTER : II CORE : II


BIOCHEMISTRY

OBJECTIVE: To gain knowledge about the structure and properties of

biomolecules and their biochemical reactions.

OUTCOME : On successful completion of the course thestudentswill be able to understand the basic metabolism, reaction pathway and thekinetics of

reaction.

UNIT - I

Basic chemistry in life science: Origin of life. Concept of biomolecules, polymerisation, formation of polymers. Structure and properties of water.

Strong and weak bonds-Covalent bonds, dipoles, ionic, hydrogen bonds,

hydrophobic interaction, Vander waals forces, functional group. Measurement of pH, determination ofpKa (Henderson Harselbalch equation).

Buffers, buffer actions (strong & weak acids) and biological buffer systems.

UNIT - II

Carbohydrates: Classification, properties, structure and biological functions

of mono, di Oligo and polysaccharides. Estimation of carbohydrates.

UNIT - III

Amino acids & Proteins: Structure, classification, physical and chemical

properties. Proteins: classification and Biological importance. Primary

structure, Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure- forces stabilizing the structure of proteins. Denaturation, precipitation, separation by

solubility differences- isoelectric pH. Estimation of proteins.

UNIT - IV

Lipids and Vitamins: Nomenclature, classification and Biological

significance. Estimation of lipids. Vitamins- Source, structure, biological role, daily requirement and deficiency manifestation of vitamin A, B, C, D, E

and K.

UNIT - V

Nucleic acids & Enzymes: Types of DNA and RNA. Composition and structure- their biological importance hydrolysis of nucleic acids by acids,

bases and enzymes. Denaturation and renaturation. Estimation of Nucleic

acids. Enzymes: Nomenclature and classification, enzyme activity; Factors affecting activity, enzyme kinetics - MM equation.


TEXT BOOK:

1. Jain, J.L., Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain. 2010. Fundamentals of

Biochemistry, FifthEdition, S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. 2010. Biochemistry, 7th Edition.

W.H.Freeman, USA. 2. Campbell, M.K., Farrell, S.O. 2007. Biochemistry, 6th Edition. Brooks

Cole Publishing Company, USA.

3. Mathews, C. K., Van Holde, K.E., Ahern, K.G. 2000. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition. Addison Wesley, USA.

4. Voet, D., Voet, J.G. and Pratt, C.W. 2008. Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd

Edition. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 5. Zubay, G.L. 1995. Biochemistry, 7th Edition. William C Brown

Publishers, NewYork.

6. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition. W.H Freeman and Company, USA.


SEMESTER : II ALLIED : II


APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

OBJECTIVES:

To introduce the principles of Microbiology and to emphasize the

applications of microbes in different fields.

To create awareness in solving the problems related to microbial

infections.

OUTCOMES:

Acquire knowledge related to the applications of microbes in various

fields

Apply their knowledge in the various fields of microbiology

Explore the art of employing microbes in various commercial products

UNIT –I

Isolation and purification of Enzymes from microbes – Industrial enzymes:

Important Enzymes – Application in food, leather, textile, paper, detergent,

pharmaceutical industries – Role of transformed microorganism in Enzyme production.

UNIT-II

Pharmaceuticals: Production of ethanol, antibiotics, amino acids, organic

acids, vitamins by conventional and Recombinant organisms.

UNIT-III

Agriculture : Biofertilizer, Bio-control of Microbial pathogens,

Biopesticides plant promoters, Secondary metabolites.

UNIT-IV

Waste recycling, Industrial effluent treatment – Dairy: Importance of

microbes in dairy and Dairy products.

UNIT-V

Microbial Disease- Bacterial (Cholera, Typhoid), Protozoan (Malaria), Viral

disease (HIV), Fungal (Candidiasis), Zoonotic and Nosocomial infections


TEXT BOOK:

1. Chan E.C.S. and Noel R.K. 2010. Microbiology (Pelczar). An Application

Based Approach. Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New

Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Subba Rao, N.S 1995, Soil Microorganism and plant growth, oxford and IBH publishing co.pvt. Ltd.

2. Frazier, W.C and Westhoff, D.C 1988 Food microbiology, 4th edition. McGraw Hill NY.

3. Adams M.M. R and Moss M.O. 1995, Food microbiology. New International (P) Ltd. Publishers.

4. Alexander 1997, Introduction to soil Microbiology. John WileyandSoms.


SEMESTER : II CORE PRAC : I


BIOCHEMISTRY LAB

1. Preparation of solutions: Percentage of solutions: Normality, Molarity,

Molality

2. pHmetry -Determination of pH from unknown biological samples using pH paper and pH meter.

3. Colorimetry – Preparation of standard curve and estimate the concentration of solute in an unknown sample

4. Estimation of biomolecules: 1.Sugars –Anthrone method 2. Proteins –Bradford method 3. Lipids- Zak‘s method

5 . Chromatography –Paper Chromatography - Determining the Rf value of aminoacids and its separation Thin layer Chromatography- Separation

of Plant pigments

6. Demonstration of gel electrophoresis.(PAGE/AGE)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. ArunRastogi, Mathur, N.B.L Mathur, N.B. L., 2010. An Introduction to

PracticalBiochemistry. Anmol Publications, India.

2. Joshi, R.A. and Saraswat, M. 2002. A textbook of practical Biochemistry.

JainPublishers private limited, India.

3. Malhotra, V.K. 2003. Practical Biochemistry for students. Jaypee

BrothersPublishers, India.

4. Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa Book House.

5. B Sashidhar Rao and Vijay Deshpande, 2009. Experimental Biochemistry, I K International Publishing House,


SEMESTER : II ALLIED PRAC : I

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BTYP2

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LAB

1. Antibiotic sensitivity testing: Disc diffusion test – Quality control with

standards strains.

2. Biochemical characteristics: IMViC test, H2S test.

3. Carbohydrate fermentation, maintenance of pure culture, paraffin method – stab culture.

4. Isolation of Rhizobium sp.

5. Isolation of Cellulolytic organisms. 6. Isolation of Lactobacillus sp.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa Book House.




SEMESTER : II SBEC : I

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT2S1

BASICS OF BIOINFORMATICS

OBJECTIVE : To make the students understand the basic concepts and

application of Bioinformatics.

OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, students will be able to be aware of data bases

and the tools to process the data.

To know the applications of genomics and proteomics.

To make the students for familiar with Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics

databases and its applications.

UNIT-I

Introduction and history of bioinformatics – Internet, World Wide Web, Web

browser, EMB net, NCBI. File transfer protocol. Search engines

UNIT-II

Database- Definition, DBMS – Biological Databases – FASTA, Blast,

Genbank, DNA sequence databases, Protein databases. Entry formats,

carbohydrate databases, Enzyme databases, Pathway databases. Relational database model. Theory on RDBMS. SQL, introduction to access, making

queries. Designing forms. Report design

UNIT-III

Genomic resources, Gene structure and DNA sequences. EST searches, gene

hunting, gene finders, Expression analysis- SAGE, cDNA library, EST, Microarray – DNA sequencing and sequence alignment – RFLP, SNP, RAPD,

Human Genome Project, RNA analysis.

UNIT-IV

Proteomics – proteome analysis – 2D gel electrophoresis, Mass spectrophotometry, protein – protein interaction, protein – DNA interaction.

Enzyme – Substrate interaction, pathway analysis.

UNIT-V

Application aspects – target searchings – drug designing – E- cell, phylogenetic analysis, PERL, Chemiinformatics


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Harshawardhan, P. 2005. Bioinformatics principles and application.

Tata Mc-GrawHill . Publishers. New Delhi.

2. Lesk, A.M. 2003. Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University

Press, NewDelhi.

3. Sundarajan. S. and Balaji, R. 2005. Introduction of Bioinformatics, HimalayaPublishing House, Mumbai.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Attwood, T.K. and Parry Smith, D.J. 2004. Introduction to

Bioinformatics, Pearson Education Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Manikand Vijayaraj. 2002. Bioinformatics for beginners, Kalaikathir

Achchagam, Coimbatore.

3. Mount, D.W. 2005. Bioinformatics Sequence and genome analysis,

Second Edition. CBS Publishers. New Delhi.

4. Westhead, D.R, Parish, H.J. and Twyman, R.M. 2003. Bioinformatics,

Viva Books Private Ltd. New Delhi.


SEMESTER : III CORE : III


GENETICS

OBJECTIVE : To make the student to understand the concept of genes and

their behavior.

OUTCOME : On successful completion of the course the students will be able to understand basic genetics and Gene interaction, Chromosomal

variation.

UNIT-I

History of Genetics - Mendelian Principles, Segregation, Independent Assortment, Dominance relations, Multiple alleles, Incomplete dominance,

Over dominance.

UNIT-II

Gene interaction, Epistasis, lethality and lethal genes, Sex determination

and sex linkage in diploids, linkage and crossing over, gene mapping. Chromosomal theory of inheritance, maternal effects.

UNIT-III

Chromosomal variation in number, Changes in Chromosomal structure,

Chromosomal aberrations, Genetics of Heamoglobin, Transposable elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

UNIT-IV

Fine structure of Gene, cistron, recon, Structure of Eukaryotic gene,

Experimental evidence for DNA as the genetic material, cytoplasmic genetic

systems- mitochondria and chloroplast DNA, Plasmids- F, R and Col plasmids. Relation between genes and polypeptides.

UNIT-V

Population genetics, calculating gene frequency, factors affecting gene

frequency. Genetic control of Development in Drosophila and Arabidopsis. Genetic drift, Shift, Pedigree analysis and genetic counseling.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Sambamurty, A.V.S.S. 2007. Molecular Genetics, First edition Alpha Science International Ltd.


REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Hancock, J.T. 2008. Molecular Genetics. Viva Books Private Limited.

2. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A., Palladino, M.A. 2011. Concepts ofGenetics. Pearson Education.

3. Griffiths, A.J.F. 2008. Introduction to genetic analysis. W.H. Freeman.

4. Hartl, D. L. Jones, E.W. 2009. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and

Genomes. Seventh edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.


SEMESTER : III ALLIED : III


CHEMISTRY – I

OBJECTIVES:

To understand the basics of organic, inorganic and applied chemistry.

To make the students aware of the different kinds of bonding and their

properties.

To provide an exposure in organic chemistry.

To learn the applications of chemistry in industries like glass, fertilizers,

pesticides.

OUTCOMES:

Student will be able to correlate the nature of bonding and its reactivity.

Skill of preparation of solutions with specific concentration in different

units could be achieved.

Knowledge about the functional groups and its influence on reactivity

will be acquired.

UNIT –I

Chemical bonding: Ionic bond- Nature of Ionic bond – structure of NaCl, KCl & CsCl- Factors influencing the formation of ionic bond. Covalent bond-

nature of covalent bond –VSEPR theory - shapes of BeCl2, BF3, CH4, PCl5,

IF7, NH3& H2O. Coordinate Bond – Nature of coordinate bond, Werners‘

theory and structure of some complexes Ni(CO)4, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, K4[Fe(CN)6].Hydrogen bonding-Theory of Hydrogen bonding- one example

for inter and intra molecular hydrogen bonding- consequences of hydrogen

bonding. vander Waals and London Dispersive forces in simple molecules.

UNIT- II

Chemistry of Hydrocarbons-Hydrocarbons: Classification- aliphatic,

aromatic, saturated, unsaturated cyclic, acyclic Compounds. Alkanes-

nomenclature, isomerism, preparation, properties (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, oxidation) and uses Alkenes-nomenclature, isomerism,

preparation, properties. (hydrogenation, halogenation, hydroxylation) and

uses. Alkynes-nomenclature-preparation, properties (hydrogenation,

halogenation, polymerization) and uses. Chemistry of benzene: preparation, properties (nitration, sulphonation, oxidation ,Friedel- Crafts alkylation &

acylation) and uses (Note: preparation- any two methods)

UNIT- III

Solutions: Mole Concept -Normality – Molarity – parts per million - Simple problems on concentration terms Primary and secondary standards and

preparation of standard solutions and simple problems.Acids and bases:


Arrhenius, Lowry- Bronsted, Lewis concepts- strong and weak acids and

Bases.-pH, pKa, pKb of buffer solutions. Henderson – Hassel balch equation.

UNIT- IV

Chemical kinetics: rate of reaction, order, molecularity, first order rate law,

half lifeperiod And derivation of the first order equation – Catalysis –

homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, intermediate complex and

adsorption .theories of catalysis, promotors and poisons, applications.

UNIT- V

Colloids :(Colloids – Types with examples – classification based on affinity

(lyophilic & Lyophobic). Optical and Kinetic properties of colloids –

electrophoresis- electroosmosis – peptization – Coagulation.Applications of colloids.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B.K. Sharma, ―Industrial Chemistry‖, Goel Publishing Co., 1997

2. Puri B.R., Sharma L. R., Kalia K.K, ―Principles of inorganic Chemistry‖,

(23rdedition), New Delhi, ShobanLal Nagin Chand & Co., 1993 3. S. Lakshmi, ―Pharmaceutical Chemistry‖, Goel Publishing Co., 1997

4. Bahl B. S and ArunBahl, ―Organic Chemistry‖ 12th edition, New Delhi,

Sultan Chand and Co., 1997 5. United States Pharmacopeia Dispencing Information‘s 1981 USPDI,

Rockvilla, Maryland.

6. The Indian pharmacopoeia 3rd edition, volume2, Quality Specifications, world health Organization 1981.

7. Thiagarajan V, ―Pharmaceutical chemistry‖, Chennai, KC S. Desikan and

Co., 1986. 8. Jayashree Gosh, ―Text book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry‖, New Delhi,

S.Chand, 2008.


SEMESTER : III CORE PRAC : II


GENETICS LAB

1. Drosophila – Morphology, Section culture and maintenance.

2. Identification of Mutants—Physical and Chemical Methods.

3. Experiments to determine Mendel‘s law.

4. Monohybrid and dihybrid cross using plants.

5. Human karyotype --- demonstration.

6. Sex chromatin (buccal smear) identification.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Third Edition Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

2. Bisen, P.S. 2014. Laboratory Protocols in Applied Life Sciences. CRC Press.


SEMESTER : III ALLIED : III

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BTYP3

CHEMISTRY I & II LAB

I. VOLUMETRIC ANALYLSIS

a) Acidimetry and Alkalimetry

i) Estimation of hydrochloric acid ii) Estimation of sodium hydroxide

b) Permanganometry

iii) Estimation of oxalic acid using KMnO4

iv) Estimation of ferrous sulphate using KMnO4

II. ORGANIC ANALYSIS

A study of

(i) reactions of the following organic compounds along with

(ii) tests for Aromatic/ Aliphatic, saturated/ unsaturated, solubility in common solvents, and presence of Nitrogen:

i) Carbohydrate

ii) Diamide iii) Aldehyde

iv) Ketone

v) Acid vi) Amine

The students may be trained to perform the specific reactions like- aliphatic or aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, solubility test,

nitrogen test involving (Zn / Na2CO3) fusion, and functional group

present and record their observation.

Demonstration

Preparation of Buffer solution

Determination of pH using pH meter

Preparation of standard solution (Molar, ppm & Normal)

REFERENCE BOOK :

1. V.Venkateswaran, R.Veerasamy , A.R. Kulandaivelu, ―Basic Principles of

Practical Chemistry‖ Sultan Chand & Sons , New Delhi, 1997.


SEMESTER : III NMEC : I

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT3E1

BASICS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To provide information about DNA and genes andhow it

influences the function of the organism as a whole.

OUTCOME : On successful completion of course, the student will be able to understand the basics and scope of biotechnology.

UNIT-I

Scope of Biotechnology. History of Biotechnology: Conventional and Modern

Biotechnology – Biotech industries. Biotechnology Tree – Roots and Branches. Strategies of gene cloning.

UNIT-II

Tools used in gene cloning – Restriction endonucleases – Types – Features.

Ligases – Linkers, adaptors and homopolymer tails. Modifying enzymes –

Nucleotide kinase, Alkaline phosphates. Gene amplification by PCR.

UNIT-III

Vectors – Properties of good Vector .Constructed plasmids- pBR322. Cosmid

vectors, Animal vectors- SV40. Plant vectors- Ti derivatives.

UNIT-IV

Introduction of genes – Vector mode – transformation and transfection. Vector less mode –Biolistics, Electroporation, Microinjection.

UNIT-V

Properties of E.coli &Yeast as good hosts. Selection of recombinants –

Reporter genes, Colony hybridization.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Dubey, R. C. A text book of Biotechnology, 2007, S.Chand& Company

Ltd. NewDelhi.


REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Old & Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulation, 1989, 3rd edition,

Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

2. Satyanarayana. U. Biotechnology, 2008, Books and Allied (p) Ltd.

3. Gupta P.K .Biotechnology and Genomics, 2004 .Rastogi publication.

4. Brown, T.A. Gene cloning and DNA analysis, 1996. Blackwell science,

Osney Mead, Oxford.

5. Singh, B. D .Biotechnology. 2004. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.


SEMESTER : IV CORE : IV


IMMUNOLOGY

OBJECTIVES : To develop understanding in immune system and its

significance.

To evoke the mechanism of immune cells and organs.

To acquire knowledge in pathology and clinical aspects of Immunology.

OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to explore various

aspects of clinical manifestations and to focus on research carrier.

UNIT-I

History and scope of Immunology: Historical perspective of Immunology,

Early theories of Immunology, Types of Immunity Innate, Adaptive (cell

mediated and humoral) . Passive: Artificial and Natural Immunity, Active: Artificial and Natural Immunity

UNIT-II

Immune system and its mechanism: Primary and Secondary organs of

immune system –structure and function ,Hematopoiesis- Significance -

Origin and differentiation of lymphocytes: T-cells, B-cells, myeloid cells, antigen presenting cells, cell mediated subset of T-Cells, helper and

suppressor cells, natural killer cells.

UNIT-III

Cellular and molecular interactions: Antigens: Structure and properties - Immunogenicity vs antigenicity, factors affecting antigenicity, epitopes,

haptens, adjuvants and vaccines – Types and vaccination

schedule.Immunoglobulins:Structure, types, distribution and biological functions. Antigen antibody interactions: forces of antigen antibody

interaction, principle, methods and applications of precipitation and

agglutination.

UNIT-IV

Immune response: Recognition of antigen: MHC, antigen processing and presentation, T-cell and B - cell activation Cell medicated-Mechanism and

target cell lysis , Humoral response, antibody dependent cell mediated

cytotoxicity, Complements - Classical and Alternative pathways, role in immunity.


UNIT-V

Clinical Immunology: HLA complex-structure and function of molecules,

Organ transplantation- types of graft, mechanism of allograft rejection,

Immunosuppression,Allergic reactions- Immunology & types of hypersensitivity. Auto antibodies – Autoimmune diseases and examples.

Immunological Techniques in Clinical Diagnosis: Widal test, Pregnancy test,

ELISA

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Nandhini, S. 1994.Immunology- Introductory Text Book. New Age Int. (P) Ltd. Publication, New Delhi.

2. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. 2007. Cellular and Molecular

Immunology 6th edition Saunders Publication,Philadelphia.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Kuby, J.2007.Immunology. (Sixth edition) W.H.Freeman and company,

New York.

2. Roitt, I. 1987.Essential Immunology. P.G. Publishing PVT. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Sell,S.1987.Basic Immunology. Elsevier Science Publishing Company.

4. Paul.W.E.1998. Fundamentals of ImmunologyRaven press, New York.


SEMESTER : IV ALLIED : IV


CHEMISTRY II

OBJECTIVES:

To understand the various concepts of organic, inorganic and physical

chemistry.

To provide the elementary concepts of chemical analysis the students

perform during the course of their study

To learn the principles of some chemical techniques like chromatography

and colorimetry.

OUTCOMES:

Importance of the role of chemistry on biological system will be

understood.

The quality of water could be assessed by WHO parameters.

Requirement of analytical skill and chemical techniques will be

understood.

UNIT– I

Chemistry of Biomolecules: Classification of carbohydrates, glucose &

fructose - preparation –properties – mutarotation, interconversion of

glucose and fructose, manufacture of sucrose, test for sugars. Amino acids –preparation and properties of glycine and alanine, peptides (elementary

treatment) - proteins-classification based on physical properties and

biological functions- structure of proteins –primary and secondary –Test for proteins.Coordination compounds: biological role of hemoglobin and

chlorophyll.

UNIT–II

Chemistry of water:Water as a universal solvent- – hardness of water-

permanent and temporary hardness, disadvantage of hard water- DO, BOD and COD -definition, determination (any one method). Water Softening

methods - zeolite process, reverse osmosis.Preparation of Deionised water-

Distilled water – Double Distilled water – Packaged drinking water.

UNIT–III

Basics of quantitative analysis:Error analysis: accuracy, precision, errors,

determinate and indeterminate errors, relative error, absolute

error,Quantitative analysis: Titrimetry- principle, acid-base titrations and

redox titrations with examples- End point and equivalence points. Theory of Indicators- Types of indicators - Quinanoid theory


UNIT-IV

Analytical techniques: Chromatography-introduction-principles, sampling

and applications of paper, thin layer and column chromatography.

Colorimetry: Beer-Lambert‘s Law, components of a colorimeter (Block diagram), application (estimation of iron).

UNIT- V

Types of reactions : Types of chemical reactions –substitution (one example

for Nucleophilic and electrophilic with mechanism) –Addition( Addition of

HBr on alkenes) – Elimination(Dehalogenation of alkyl halides) – Condensation ( formation of ester) – Polymerisation(Formation of Poly vinyl

Chloride) – Reduction reaction (Hydrogenation of oil)- Oxidation (KMnO4 for

conversion of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid) .Types of intermediates- Electrophiles – nucleophiles – free radicals.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Tiwari K.S., Melhotra S.N., Vishnoi N.K, 2006. ―A Text book of Organic

Chemistry‖, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. R. Gopalan, P. S. Subramanian and K. Rengarajan, 1997. ―Elements of

analytical Chemistry‖, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi,

3. Puri B.R., Sharma L. R., Kalia K.K, 1993. ―Principles of inorganic

Chemistry‖ 23 rd edition, New Delhi, ShobanLal Nagin Chand & Co.

4. Puri B.R., Sharma L. R., Kalia K.K, 1993. ―Principles of physical

Chemistry‖ 23 rd edition, New Delhi, ShobanLal Nagin Chand & Co.


SEMESTER : IV CORE PRAC : II


IMMUNOLOGY LAB

1. Preparation of Antibodies.

2. A preface to Immunization and bleeding techniques

3. Preparation of serum from blood

4. To perform total WBC and RBC counting

5. Differential Leukocyte count

6. Antigen- Antibody Reactions

Agglutination reactions : blood grouping

Immuno diffusion. ( Rocket)

7. Dot Elisa Assay

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Lesile Hudson, Frank C.Hay, 1989. III edition. Practical Immunology.

Blackwell Scientific Publication.

2. Peakman M, and Vergani D. 2009. Basic and Clinical Immunology 2nd

edition Churchill Livingstone Publishers, Edinberg.

3. Richard C and Geiffrey S. 2009. Immunology6th edition. Wiley

Blackwell Publications.

4. Murphy K, Travers P, Walport M. 2008. Janeway‘s Immunobiology.7th

edition Garland Science Publishers, New York.


SEMESTER : IV NMEC : II

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT4E2

APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To understand the various applications of biotechnology for

the human welfare.

OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to acquire knowledge related to the applications of biotechnology in various fields.

UNIT-I

Plant biotechnology-Role of tissue culture in agriculture, horticulture and

forestry, Edible Vaccines from plants – Banana, Watermelon.

UNIT-II

Animal biotechnology-Production of Vaccines in animal Cells, Transgenic

Animals – cloning, Applications of Transgenic mice and sheep.

UNIT-III

Medical biotechnology-Gene therapy, Production and Applications of

monoclonal antibodies, Somatic and Germ line Engineering, molecular diagnosis.

UNIT-IV

Industrial biotechnology-Production of Microbial products- Alcoholic

Beverage – Beer, Antibiotic – Penicillin Industrial uses of enzymes – Detergents, Leather, food andPharmaceutical.

UNIT-V

Environmental biotechnology-Microorganisms as Bio indicators, Genetic

engineered microorganisms to degrade xenobiotics, Biological weapons and

bioterrorism.

TEXT BOOK:

R. C. Dubey, A text book of Biotechnology, 2001, Rajendra Printer. New

Delhi.


REFERENCE BOOK(S):

1. Old &Primrose , Principles of gene manipulation, 1989,Blackwell

Scientific Publications, Oxford.

2. M .M. Ranga, 2000, Animal Biotechnology ,Agrobios (India),

3. R. Ian Freshney, 2000. Culture of Animal Cells, (4th Edition), Wiley-Liss.

4. Hawla,2003.Introduction to Plant Biotechnology.(2nd edi) oxford and

IBH publishers

5. Satyanarayana. U, Biotechnology, 2008, Books and Allied (p) Ltd.

6. A.H. Patel, 2005. Industrial Microbiology –MacMillan Publishers.

7. Gupta P.K, 2004 Biotechnology and Genomics,Rastogi publication.

8. T.A Brown 1996, Gene cloning and DNA analysis, Blackwell science, Osney Mead, Oxford.


SEMESTER : V CORE : V


MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

OBJECTIVE: On successful completion the subject student should have

understand Basic genetics, Gene expression and regulation.

OUTCOMES : Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Describe the general principles of gene organization and expression in

both prokaryotic andeukaryotic organisms.

Interpret the outcome of experiments that involve the use of recombinant

DNA technology and other common gene analysis techniques.

Discuss the various macromolecular components of cells and their

functions.

UNIT-I

Structure of DNA and RNA- Composition, Types and Functions, Replication. Mechanisms - Enzymes involved in replication.

UNIT-II

Mutation: Origin and Classification - Types- Molecular Mechanism of

Mutation- Detection of DNA damage at molecular level, Ames test, cytogenetic analysis in mammalian cells- in vitro and in vivo- Host mediated

assay-

UNIT-III

DNA repair and recombination mechanisms. Transposons and transposable

elements- Mechanism of transposition. Transcription and RNA processing: Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -Post transcriptional

modifications.

UNIT-IV

Genetic code and Translation: Features of genetic code -Deciphering of the codon- Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes- Post translation

modifications- Protein targeting.

UNIT-V

Cistron, muton and recon -exons and introns. Regulation of Gene expression: Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes -

positive and negative control in prokaryotes- Operon models- Spatial and

Temporal regulation of eukaryotic enes, mi RNA, siRNA,Micro-satellites.


TEXT BOOK :

1. Gupta. P.K. 2005. Cell and Molecular biology. Rastogi Publications,

India.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A. D., Johnson, A., Lewis, J.,

Raff,M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. 2009. Essential Cell Biology. 3rd Edition. Garland science, USA

2. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P.

2008.Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, Garland Science, USA. 3. Lodish, H. Berk, A., Matsudaira, P., Kaiser, C. A., Krieger, M., Scott,

M.P.Lawrence Z., Darnell, J. 2003. Molecular cell biology, 5th Edition.

W. H. Freeman, USA. 4. Rastogi, S.C. 2012. Cell and Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition. New Age

International Publishers, India.

5. Sathyanarayana U, 1999. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition. New Central Book Agency(p) Ltd.

6. Karp, G. 2007. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.

5thEdition. John Wiley and Sons, USA.

7. Cooper, G.M., Hausman, R.E. 2009. The cell: Molecular approach, 5th Edition. American Society of Microbiology press, USA.


SEMESTER : V CORE : VI


GENETIC ENGINEERING

OBJECTIVES:

It addresses the modern concept of Genetic Engineeringand emphasizes

more on practical applications.

It provides ample opportunity for the students to Specialized in several

different areas of rDNA technology including DNA modifying enzymes,

cloning strategies, analyze of expression and various modern techniques.

OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to explain in

detail, the following processes and their mechanisms: DNA modifying

enzymesapply the strategies of cloning and know the techniques of gene identification.

Unit – I

Enzymes in Recombinant Technology: Enzymes in Genetic engineering-

Restriction endonucleases Type I & II, DNA polymerase, Polynucleotide kinase, Alkaline phosphatase,T4 DNA ligase, Terminal deoxynucleotidy1

transferase, Reverse transcriptase.

Unit – II

Vector: Different kind of vector- Cloning and expression vectors. Cloning

vectors for E. coli-Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), Cloning vectors for Eukaryotes- Yeast shuttle vector,Yeast artificial chromosome, Phage life

cycle- Viral vector, phage vector, phagemids,cosmids.

Unit – III

Molecular cloning: Cloning strategies. Cloning System for amplifying different sized fragments, Cloning System for producing single-stranded and

mutagenized DNA. Methods of introduction DNA into the cell -

Microinjection, lipofection, electroporation, calcium precipitation, DEAE and

biolistic. Construction of genomic libraries and cDNA Libraries.Recombinant selection and screening.Altering genes: Mutagenesis - Site directed

mutagenesis, PCR based site directedmutagenesis, Random mutagenesis.

Unit – IV

Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Principle and application - Preparation of nucleic acid probes,Probe construction. Principle of Nucleic acid hybridization

assays, and microarrays.


Unit – V

Polymerase DNA Reaction and DNA sequencing: DNA amplification using

polymerase chain reaction (PCR): key concepts, Analysis of amplified

products. Applications of PCR: Ligasechain reaction. DNA Finger printing, RFLP and RAPD. Sequencing (chemical degradation;chain termination and

automated sequence).

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Brown, T.A. 2010. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis: An Introduction, 6th

Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.

2. Primrose, S.B. Twyman, R.M .2006. Principles of Gene Manipulation. 7th

Edition,Wiley-Blackwell, USA

3. Jogdand, S.N., 2009. Gene biotechnology. Himalaya Publishing House.

REFERENCE BOOK(S):

1. Old, R.W and S.B. Primrose. 1996. Principles of Gene Manipulation: An

Introduction to Genetic Engineering. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

2. Glover, DM. and BD. Hames .1995. DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach.. IRL Press, Oxford.

3. Innis, M.A., D.H. Gelfand and J.J. Sninskey .1995. PCR Strategies.. Academic Press, San Diego.

4. Persing, D.H., K T.F Smith, F.C. Teower and T.J.While. 1993. Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington D.C.

5. Watson J.D.,Gilman M., Witkowski,J., and Zoller M. 1992. Recombinant

DNA. Scientific American Books, New York.

6. Tvan R.S. 1997. Recombinant Gene Expression Protocols. Humana Press

Inc., Tokowa.


SEMESTER : V CORE PRAC : III


MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB

1. Preparation of plasmid DNA fromE.coli.

2. Preparation of genomic DNA from animals/ human/plant.

3. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid and genomic DNA.

4. Restriction digestion of DNA. - Single and double digestion.

5. PCR amplification, RFLP*.

6. Southern blotting*

7. Ligation*.

8. Transformation of E. coli with plasmid DNA using CaCl2 *.

* Practical by demonstration only.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Bisen, P.S. 2014. Laboratory Protocols in Applied Life Sciences. CRC

Press.

2. Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory

Manual,Third Edition Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.


SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : I

CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT5:1

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To gain a basic understanding of how plants function.

OUTCOMES:

Students would become proficient in using the professional vocabulary

to describe how plants function.

They may integrate how the principles of chemistry and physics operate

to maintain homeostasis in plant bodies.

It would enable them to integrate how knowledge about plant growth

and development impacts on personal life

It would help them to improve their scientific communication (written

and oral), data analysis, thinking, planning and decision making skills.

UNIT - I :

Photosynthesis : Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron

transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO2

fixation-C3, C

4 and CAM

pathways.

UNIT - II :

Respiration and photorespiration : Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial

electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory

pathway.

UNIT - III:

Nitrogen metabolism:Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid

biosynthesis.

UNIT - IV :

Solute transport and photoassimilatetranslocation:Uptake, transport and

translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration;

mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates.

UNIT- V:

Stress physiology : Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanisms of resistance to

biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress.


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Jain V.K. 2000. Fundamentals of Plant Physiology, 5th edition. S Chand

& Co Ltd; New Delhi.

2. Salisbury, F. B. and Ross, E. (1992). Plant Physiology. Wadsworth, Belmont,California, USA.

3. Verma, S. K. (1999). Plant Physiology. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOK(S):

1. Devlin, R. M. and Baker 1973. Photosynthesis, Reinhold Affiliated East-

West Press Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi. 2. Harold, F.M. 1986. The vital force; A study of bioenergetics. Freeman &

Co., New York.

3. Hewitt, E.J. and cutting, C.V. 1979. Nitrogen metabolism of plants, Academic Press.

4. Leopold, A. C. (1973). Plant Growth and Development. Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Meyer, Anderson and Bonning (1965). Introduction to Plant Physiology.

D. VanNostrand.

6. Noggle, R. and Fritz, G. I. (1989). Introductory Plant Physiology. 2nd ed.

Prentice Hall, New Delhi.


SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : I


ECOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : The objective of ecology is to understand the dynamics of our

surroundings and to take proper measures to conserve it if and when

required.

OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of the course the student will be able to understand:

The local and geographical distribution and abundance of organisms.

The inter-relationship between organisms in population and

communities.

The structural adaptations and functional adjustments of organisms to

their physical environment.

The behavior of organisms ‗under natural conditions.

The biological productivity of nature and its relationship with mankind.

UNIT –I

Concept of an Ecosystem: Definition: Characteristics of an Ecosystem, Complete Nature of Ecosystem; Components of Ecosystems: Biotic and

Abiotic Components.

UNIT-II

Ecosystems: Introduction, types and characteristic features of the Forest, Grassland, Desert and Aquatic (Pond, Ocean) ecosystems.

UNIT-III

Population and Community Ecology: Basic concepts, Population

characteristics, Population dynamics, Characteristics of a community,

Community structure, Community dynamics (ecological succession), Concept of Habitat and Niche.

UNIT-IV

Environmental Pollution: Cause, effects and control measures of : Air

(CO2, SO2, NOx, O3 CFC, PAN, Green house effect), Water (Cd, Hg, Pb, F, As, BOD), Noise and Radiation (Strontium and Cesium) pollution., Solid

waste management, Biomagnification, Methalmoglobinemia , Global

warming and Climate change (cause and consequences).


UNIT-V

Environmental Laws : Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental

planning and National Environment Policy

TEXT BOOK:

1. Misra S.P. and S.N. Pandey 2008. Essential Environmental Studies.Anne

Books Pvt.,Ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Sharma P.D., 1993. Environmental Biology and Toxicology.

2. Chapman, J.L. and M.J. Reiss, 1995, Ecology, Principle and

Applications, Cambridge University Press, 3. De, A.K., 1993, Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,

4. Kormondy, E.J., 1989, Concept of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.

Ltd., 5. Abbasi, S.A. and Abbasi, N., 2002, Renewable Energy Sources and their

Environmental Impact, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

6. Biotechnology of Biofertilizers. 2002. Edited by SadasivamKannaiyan,

Kluwer Academic Publishers.


SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : II


DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To kindle the fundamentals of life genesis. Dispel knowledge

on cell development and its stages. The course links the basic aspects of the

cell and correlates with the advance scientific techniques

OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to associate the

fundamentals of the cell with the latest techniques. Prosper research in the

field of reproductive medicine and stem cell biology.

UNIT-I

Origin of developmental patterns: History, Anatomical tradition, Principles of

development -life cycles, Developmental patterns and evolution of

differentiation, Experimental embryology, Role of genes in development, Amniocentesis.

UNIT-II

Early Embryonic Development: Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis and

oogenesis, Types of eggs, Fertilization changes in gametes, mono and

polyspermy; the early development of C. elegans -The early development of Xenopous cleavage, Gastrulation, Embryonic induction and organizers; the

early development of chick cleavage, Gastrulation.

UNIT-III

Later Embryonic Development: Differentiation of germ layers-Formation of neural tube (development of CNS and eye), skin, notochord, somites, coelom

and digestive tube (upto rudiments), Extraembryonic membranes in birds

and human, Implantation of embryo, Placentation – structure, types and

physiology of placenta.

UNIT-IV

Post-Embryonic Development: Metamorphosis changes and hormonal

regulation of metamorphosis in insects and amphibians, Regeneration

modes of regeneration epimorphosis, Morphallaxis and compensatory regeneration (with one example), Ageing3 concepts and model (C. elegans)

UNIT-V

Implications of Developmental Biology: Medical implications: Infertility –

Diagnosing Infertility, IVF, Teratogenesis – teratogenic agents and effect of teratogens on embryonic development;Embryonic stem cells –A new

generation stem cells in biomedical field


TEXT BOOK:

Agarwal,V.K and Verma, P.S. (1995).Chordate Embryology S. Chand

Publishing, New Delhi.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

1. Scott F Gilbert, (2013). Developmental Biology, X Edition, Sinauer

Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International

Thomson Computer Press,London, UK

3. Jonathan M. W. Slack(2012) Essential Developmental Biology Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States.

4. Kalthoff, (2000). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw

Hill Professional,New York, USA.


SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : II


BASICS OF EVOLUTION

Objective: To understand the concepts of population genetics and product

of evolution, evidences of evolution.

Outcomes: Articulate basic principles of evolution and human genetics, including a history of the ideas leading to our current scientific

understandings of these principles and how they are applied in

contemporary society. It also paves the way to Identify similarities and differences between humans and non-human primate species, including the

biological basis for cooperation and competition

UNIT-I

Life‘s Beginnings: Chemogeny, Biogeny, Historical review of evolutionary concept: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism

UNIT-II

Evidences of Evolution: Fossil record, Sources of variations: Heritable

variations and their role in evolution

UNIT-III

Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation of equation, application of law to human Population Evolutionary forces

upsetting H-W equilibrium. Natural selection and Genetic Drift (mechanism,

founder‘s effect, bottleneck phenomenon; Role of Migration and Mutation in changing allele frequencies

UNIT-IV

Product of evolution: Micro evolutionary changes (inter-population

variations, clines, races, Species concept, Isolating mechanisms, modes of

speciation—allopatric, sympatric, Adaptive radiation / macroevolution (exemplified by Galapagos finches)

UNIT-V

Origin and evolution of man, Unique hominin characteristics contrasted

with primate characteristics, primate phylogeny from Dryopithecusleading to Homosapiens, molecular analysis of human origin.


TEXT BOOK:

Agarwal, V.K and Verma, P.S. (1995). “Basis of Evolution‖ S.Chand

Publishing, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ridley,M (2004) Evolution III Edition Blackwellpublishing.

2. Hall, B.K. and Hallgrimson, B (2008). Evolution IV Edition. Jones and

Barlett Publishers.

3. Campbell, N.A. and Reece J.B (2011). Biology. IX Edition. Pearson,

Benjamin, Cummings.

4. Douglas, J. Futuyma (1997).Evolutionary Biology. SinauerAssociates.

5. Pevsner, J (2009). Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. II Edition Wiley- Blackwell.

6. Minkoff, E. (1983). Evolutionary Biology.Addison-Wesley


SEMESTER : V SBEC : II


BASICS OF BIOSTATISTICS

OBJECTIVE : Using computational, mathematical, and statistical

approaches to probe and analyze biological data, from DNA to biological

processes of healthcare systems.

OUTCOMES : At the end of the course the student will be able to apply the

latest ideas of computer concepts to use various mathematical and bio

statistical models of new data to solve important biological problems.

UNIT-I

Biostatistics -definition -statistical methods-basic principles. Variables-

measurements, functions, limitations and uses of statistics.

UNIT-II

Collection of data primary and secondary -types and methods of data

collection procedures -merits and demerits. Classification -tabulation and presentation of data -sampling methods.

UNIT-III

Measures of central tendency -mean, median, mode, geometric mean -merits

& demerits. Measures of dispersion -range, standard deviation, mean deviation, quartile deviation -merits and demerits; Co-efficient of variations.

UNIT-IV

Correlation-types and methods of correlation, regression, simple regression

equation, fitting prediction, similarities and dissimilarities of correlation and

regression.

UNIT-V

Statistical inference -hypothesis -simple hypothesis -student 't' test -chi

square test.


TEXT BOOKS:

1. PannerSelvam R (2006) Research Methodology. Prentice- Hall of India

Private Limited, New Delhi.

2. Pillai RSN and Bhavathy V (2005) Statistics, S.Chand Company Ltd.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. S. Palanisamy and M. Manoharan, 2002. Statistical methods for

Biologists. Palani Paramount Publication, Anna Nagar, Palani, T. N.

2. S.C. Gupta and K. Kapoor, 2002. Fundamentals of Applied Statistics.

3rd Edition. Sultan Sons Educational Publisher, N.D.

3. N. Gurumani, 2002. An introduction to Biostatistics. MJP Publishers,

Chennai.

4. P.R. Vittal, and V. Malini, 2002. Statistical and Numerical Methods.

Margham Publications, Chennai.

5. Thomas Clover and Kevin Mitchell. 2002. An introduction to Biostatistics. McGraw Hill Higher Education N.D.

6. Daniel, W.W., 1987. Biostatistics, New York, John Wiley Sons.


SEMESTER : V SBEC : III


INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR MODELING AND DRUG DESIGN

OBJECTIVE : It deals with molecular modeling, quantum mechanics, and

molecular mechanics. Pertaining to drug discovery. Provide a broad and

thorough background in modeling tools and docking programs.

OUTCOME: At the end of the course students will be able to understand the

theories used to build tools and their relationship and basics concepts

involved in drug design. Specialised in modeling and docking studies with classical physics

UNIT-I

Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics: Concepts of Molecular modeling,

molecular mechanics- bonded and non-bonded terms, potential energy surfaces, Molecular dynamics with simple models and continuous

potentials, Energy minimization methods.

UNIT-II

Introduction to Cheminformatics: Cheminformatics: Definition, chemical

structure representation-WLN, ROSDAL, SMILES, SLN, types of databases, 2D and 3D database searching, Applications of cheminformatics in drug

discovery, Developing and using QSAR- QSAR-validation methods-3D QSAR

approach-QSAR descriptors.

UNIT-III

Drug – Receptor interaction: Molecular basis of drug action: Drug Receptor

Interaction: Basic ligand concept, agonist, antagonist, partial agonist,

inverse agonist, Drug receptor concepts. Enzyme Inhibition – enzyme

Inhibitors - reversible, irreversible, enzyme Inhibitors as drugs - HIV - Protease / Reverse Transcriptase, Integrase.

UNIT-IV

Drug Discovery: Historic development of drug discovery, Modern drug

discovery, drug targets discovery-target identification, Hits and lead identification, lead optimization, principles of drug ability, Role of

Bioinformatics in drug design

UNIT-V

Drug design: Prediction of binding site and virtual screening, Drug design -Structure-based drug design, Ligand based drug design, De novo ligand


design, Molecular docking-search algorithm, scoring functions, ADMET

properties.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Attwood, T.K. and Parry Smith, D.J. 2004. Introduction to

Bioinformatics,Pearson Education Ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Andrew Leach, Molecular Modeling: Principle and Applications (2"d

Edition). Addison Wesley Longman, Essex, England, 1996. 2. Alan Hinchliffe, Modelling Molecular Structures, 2‘LD edition, John-

Wiley-2000.

3. Allan Hinchliffe, Molecular Modelling for Beginners, John—Wiley, 2003. 4. N.Cohen(Ed), Guide book on Molecular Modeling in Drug Design,

Academic Press, San Diego, 1996.

5. Jenny Gu and Philip E.Bourne, Structural Bioinformatics, Wiley Blackwell publishers, 2nd edition.


SEMESTER : VI CORE : VII


INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVES:

To make the students aware of the overall industrial bioprocess so as to

help them to manipulate the process to the requirement of the industrial needs.

The course prepares the students for the bulk production of

commercially important modern Bio products, Industrial Enzymes,

Products of plant and animal cell cultures.

OUTCOMES:

To explain the steps involved in the production of bio products and

methods to improve modern biotechnology.

To apply basic biotechnological principles, methods and models to solve

biotechnological tasks.

To identify and debate the ethical, legal, professional, and social issues

in the field of biotechnology.

To design and deliver useful modern biotechnology products to the

Society.

UNIT-I

Exploitation of microorganisms and their products, screening, strain

development strategies, immobilization methods, fermentation media, raw

material used in media production, antifoaming agents, buffers, downstream processing.

UNIT-II

Fermentation equipment and its uses, fermentor design, Types of fermentors

and fermentations- single, batch, continuous, multiple, surface, submerged

and solid state.

UNIT-III

Industrial products from microorganisms- antibiotics: production of

penicillin, streptomycin. Interferons, vaccines, hormones, vitamins.

UNIT-IV

Enzymes from microbes: amylase, protease. Organic acids: citric acid, acetic

acid, amino acids: glutamic acid, lysine.


UNIT-V

Production of alcoholic beverages: beer and wine, biofuels: ethanol,

methane, biogas.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. (2005) A Text book of microbiology. S.

Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.

2. A.H. Patel (2011) Industrial Microbiology, Macmillan.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Stanbury,P.F., & Whitakar, A., 1984. Principles of Fermentation Technology,Pergamon Press.

2. Mansi.E.MT.El., & C.F.A.Bryce ,2011,Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3rdedn. CRC Press.

3. Bailleyand Ollis, 1986, Biochemical Engineering

Fundamentals,McGrawHill,Newyork.

4. CasidaL.E.Jr., Industrial Microbiology (2007), New Age International

Publishers .


SEMESTER : VI CORE : VIII


ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To make the student to understand the Animal products and

exploitation of them in Biotechnology.

OUTCOME : On successful completion the course student should have understand Animal tissue culture, Animal products, production &

improvement of them.

UNIT-I

Basic techniques in animal cell culture and organ culture:Cell lines- types and isolation, culture media-types and supplements, cell fusion, cell

differentiation, maintenance and preservation of cell lines.

UNIT-II

Gene transfer:Gene transfer methods-mechanical, chemical, biological-viral-

Adenovirus, Herpes simplex, Retrovirus

UNIT-III

Transgenesis: Transgenic animals production, applications of transgenic in

agriculture and medicine, In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

UNIT-IV

Applications : Development of recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibody their applications, human genome project and gene therapy.

UNIT-V

Secondary metabolites: Bioreactors for large scale culture of cells,

Production of secondary metabolites/products: Insulin, growth hormones,

interferon etc.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Ramadass. P., 2008. Animal Biotechnology: Recent Concepts and

Developments.MJP Publishers, India.

2. Singh. B., Gautam, S.K., Chauhan, M.S. 2013. Text Book of Animal

Biotechnology. The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI.


REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ian Freshney, R., Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique

andSpecialized Applications. 6th edition. Wiley publications.

2. Mather, J.P and Barnes, D. 1998. Animal cell culture methods (Methods

in cellbiology Vol. 57. Academic Press, London.

3. Mehta, V. 2006. Animal Biotechnology. Campus Books International, New Delhi,India.

4. Sasidhara. S., 2009. Animal Biotechnology. MJP publishers, India.

5. Holland, A.J., Johnson, A. 1998. Animal Biotechnology and Ethics.

Springer.


SEMESTER : VI CORE : IX


PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of the study is about the basic principles and techniques

involved in plant cell culture.

To understand the concepts of transformation and achievements of

biotechnology in plants.

To provide ample opportunity for the students to specialize in several

different areas of plant Biotechnology including plant Tissue Culture, genetic engineering and transformation.

OUTCOME: To provide ample opportunity for the students to specialize in several different areas of plant biotechnology including plant tissue culture,

genetic engineering and transformation.

UNIT-I

Introductory history - Laboratory organization - sterilization techniques –

nutrition for plant cells, types of media – MS – Nitsch&Nitsch media, Gamborg‘s media, White‘s Media. Structure and function of Growth

regulators – Auxins, Cytokininis and Gibberellins. Establishment and

maintenance of callus and suspension cultures. Somatic embryogenesis, cytology of callus. Green house effect.

UNIT-II

Haploid production, Anther and microspore culture. Gynogenesis, embryo

culture and rescue in agricultural and horticultural crops. Invitro

pollination and fertilization.

UNIT-III

Protoplast isolation, Culture regeneration, fusion. Somatic hybrids, cybrids,

cryopreservation, Synthetic seeds – Terminator seed concept. Gene transfer

techniques in plants. Applications of transgenic plants.

UNIT-IV

Plant micro propagation – micro grafting – invitroclonal multiplication –

clonal orchards – meristem culture and virus elimination shoot tip culture.

Edible vaccines from plants – Banana, Watermelon.


UNIT-V

Somaclonal and Gamatoclonal variation in vitro cultures, Secondary

metabolites in plants - production –screening - applications. Role of tissue

culture in agriculture, forestry. Biodiversity and conservation.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Bhojwani, S.S., Razdon. R. 2010. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice. Elsevier.

2. Chawla, H.S. 2000. Plant Biotechnology, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

3. Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J. 2002. Molecular biotechnology, Principle and

applications of Recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Gupta, P.K. 2010. Plant Biotechnology. Rastogi Publications, India.

2. Mahipal Singh Shekhawat and Vikrant. S. 2010. Plant Biotechnology: In

Vitro Principles, Techniques and Applications. MJP Publishers.

3. Near Stewart, C., 2013. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles,

Techniques and Applications. Wiley India Private Limited.

4. Singh, B.D. 2010. Plant Biotechnology. Kalyani Publishers, India.

5. Slater, A., Scott, N., Fowler, M. 2008. Plant Biotechnology – The genetic

manipulation of plants, 2nd Edition. Oxford University press, USA.


SEMESTER : VI CORE PRAC : IV


INDUSTRIAL, PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB

INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB

1. Bacteriological analysis of food products.

2. Determining the quality of milk by MBRT.

3. Antibiotic sensitivity testing-well and disc methods.

4. Screening of cellulolytic organisms

5. Isolation and identification of major bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus etc.

6. Isolation of lactobacillus from fermented foods

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB

1. Micropropagation and indirect organogenesis

2. Induction and culture of Somatic Embryos

3. Measurement of plant cell growth (PCV, cell number, Wet and Dry Weights)

4. Seed culture technique; Production of Synthetic seeds.

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB

1. Preparation of culture media and sterilization

2. Cell counting by haemocytometer 3. Viability testing by trypan blue

4. Giemsa staining

5. Isolation of cells from organ 6. Preparation of serum

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Chawala, H.S. 2008. Plant Biotechnology: Laboratory Manual for Plant

Biotechnology. Oxford and IBM Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd.



3. Ian Freshney, R. 2011. Culture of animal cells: A manual of Basic

technique and specialized application. Sixth Edition, Wiley –Blackwell.

4. Purohit, S.S. 2002. Plant Biotechnology a Laboratory Manual. Agro-Bios.

5. Rajan, S. 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa Book House


SEMESTER : VI ELECTIVE : III


HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To know about the anatomy and physiological systems of

human.

OUTCOME : After the completion of the course the student should have understood various systems inhuman and their activities.

UNIT-I

Digestive system: Anatomy of the digestive system, Salivary, Gastric and

Biliary Secretions functions. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Lipids and proteins.

UNIT-II

Body fluids: Plasma, Lymph & Blood. Blood- cells, Haemoglobin, blood coagulation.

UNIT-III

Circulation: Structure of Heart and blood vessels, Functions of heart.

Respiration: Anatomy, and physiology of respiration.

UNIT-IV

Excretory system: Structure and functions of kidney. Urine- composition

and formation.Renal regulation of acid-base balance.

UNIT-V

Central nervous system: General organization. Conduction of nerve impulse.

Synaptictransmission. Brain chemical composition, neurotransmitters and

Camp. Biochemical aspects of learning and memory.

TEXT BOOK:

Martini, Frederick (2012). ―Human Anatomy and Physiology‖ 9th edition

Pearson, Benjamin Cummings.

REFERENCES:

1. Human Physiology: Vol I & II C.C. Chatterjee.

2. Functions of the Human body – Guyton A.C.

3. The living body-Best C.H, Taylor N.B. 4. Human Physiology-Systemic & applied-Sahalya.

5. Human Nutrition and Dietetics – Swaminathan, Bangalore printing and

Pulv. Co. Ltd.

6. Review of Medical Physiology – Ganong, Appleton


SEMESTER : VI ELECTIVE : III


FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY

OBJECTIVE : To offer profound foundation in the field of basic life science,

Bridge the gap between advance and rudimentary bioscience. The course

edifies an extensive knowledge on the life forms and their mechanism of

existence

OUTCOMES : At the end of the course students will be able to

manufactures confidence to clear competitive examinations and Offer a connectivity to apply the fundamental science in advance technology.

UNIT I:

Evolution and systematic : Origin of life (Chemical) Adaptation biology-

xeric adaptation in camel; Coloration and mimicry, Concept of evolution: Emergence of evolutionary thoughts and variation in population. Hardy-

Weinberg equilibrium, mutation, migration, genetic drift and natural

selection.

UNIT II:

Ecology and Environmental Biology : Components of ecosystems: Abiotic and Biotic associations, Energy flow, Population ecology- natality, mortality,

growth forms, age pyramids dispersal, distribution types, regulation of

population density. Community ecology - habitat & niche concept, Ecological succession and concept of climax

UNIT III:

Animal diversity :Classification of Nonchordate, (structure,organization

and anatomical representation, Organ structures and mechanism) sub-

kingdom Protozoa and Phylum Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthis, Annelida, Arthropoda,Mollusca and Echinodermata. Animal classification for Chordate

(Comparative anatomy & structural organization)

UNIT IV:

Plant diversity : Classification of plant phyla: Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and gymnosperms and Angiosperms) Catalogue of medicinal

plants and their applications

UNIT V:

Application of Bioscience : Sericulture - characteristics of sericulture industry and its scope; Aquaculture: Principles, definition and scope.


Fisheries resources of India, Pest Management, Apiculture- Management of

apiary, Lac culture and its uses.

TEXT BOOK:

Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Text book of Zoology Vol-1 Invertebrates – Parker &Haswell

2. Biology – Raven, Johnson, Losos, Mason and Singer

3. Text book of Zoology Vol-1I Vertebrates – Parker &Haswell


SEMESTER : VI

CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE:U16BT6PJ

PROJECT

SEMESTER : VI

CREDITS : 2 + 1

EXTENSION ACTIVITIES/ GENDER STUDIES

SEMESTER : I CORE : I CREDITS : 4 COURSE CODE : U16BT101...

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