Presentation on hybrid two-wheeler

Guide:- Dr. Darshak A. Desai090110119002 Keyur Desai090110119007 Prashant Dobariya090110119019 Shyamal Satodia090110119022 Naishal Thakker

Aim The main aim of the project is to

construct a hybrid two wheeled vehicle synergizing electrical motors and conventional engine to yield enhanced performance- improved fuel economy and reduced emissions-by capitalizing on their benefits and getting rid of their individual limitations.

Idea behind the projectIn today's world of economic boom energy

consumption in form of fossil fuel plays a pivotal role.

The tremendous usage of fossil fuel i.e. petrol, diesel, etc. leads to a malignant and polluted environment.

Also the prices of fossil fuels are reaching sky day by day.

Thus we are going to make hybrid vehicle that will solve the problem of tremendous usage of fuel and reduce the air pollution.

Phases of the project

Explorative study of conventional vehicle.

To comprehend the concept of hybridization.

Incorporate the modifications to hybridize it.

Autonomous switching control mechanism.

Elucidating its superiority over conventional vehicle by experimentation.

Final prepared setup at end of Sem1

170-190 210-230 450-480 580-6200

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Vs Efficiency(ɳ)

Efficiency

Speed(rpm)

Effic

ienc

y(%

)

Compare graph series and parallel

Conventional Series Parallel0102030405060708090

Maximum Vehicle Speed Comparision

Vehicle Type

Spee

d(Km

ph)

Conventional Series Parallel10001050110011501200125013001350

Weight comparison of total vehicle weight

Vehicle Type

Wei

ght(

Kg)

Concept of Parallel Hybrid

ModificationsThe main modification was the attachment

of electric motor on the front axle proving to be the alternate means to propel the vehicle.

Out of all available options for electric motor, hub motor was selected as here there is no need for external mounting brackets and drive chains to support a motor and transmission. Instead all of this is contained inside the wheel which mounts on bike like any other wheel.

Hub Motor

* Name:14 inch front brushless hub dc motor for electric scooter* Model:HBL-14"F 48V 1000W bike motor* Casting hub suits 14 × 2.5 " tyre.* Cable location: shaft center,left* Cable length:160cm / 63"* Install: spacing of 100mm fork* Net weight:≈ 6.58kg

Modifications [cont.] A mechanism is to be added which could

sense the speed of the vehicle that be the base for autonomous switching of the vehicle.

Speedometer was not used, instead on the front wheel where hub motor is fitted, a small motor cum generator was coupled with the help of a rope drive. The diameter of the pulley of both was in the ratio of 2:1. As the hub motor rotates the motor will also rotate with help of the rope.

It will generate some voltage will be sensed by the microcontroller

Speed Sensing Mechanism

Control Circuit ComponentsMain Component

◦Micro Controller: Arduino

Auxiliary Components◦Relay◦Transistor◦Whirling Diode◦Resistance

Arduino

What is Arduino?Arduino is an open-source electronics

prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software.

Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.

The hardware consists of a simple open source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller

The software consists of a standard programming language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the microcontroller.

Relay Resistor

Whirling DiodeTransistor

Auxiliary Component

s

Control Circuit

Hub motor Circuit

IC Engine Circuit

Program Of the Operation intledpin=13; intrelay_engine= 8; intrelay_motor= 7; intanalog_motor= A5;  void setup() { pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); pinMode(relay_engine,OUTPUT); pinMode(relay_motor,OUTPUT); pinMode(relay_sparkplug,OUTPUT); digitalWrite(relay_motor,HIGH); pinMode(analog_motor,INPUT); pinMode(analog_engine,INPUT); } 

Continued void loop() { // floatval_motor= analogRead(A5); // floatval_engine= analogRead(A4); // floatmotor_volt= val_motor*(5.0/1023.0); // floatengine_volt= val_engine*(5.0/1023.0);  while (analogRead(A5) < 859 ); digitalWrite(relay_engine, HIGH); delay(3000); digitalWrite(relay_engine, LOW); 

while (analogRead(A5) < 900); digitalWrite(relay_motor,LOW);  }

Final set up after Hybridization

MeasurementFor comparison purpose, total

time for which the vehicle was running is taken as the base.

Conventional vehicle was kept running for 4 minutes i.e. on IC engine.

In hybrid mode, 2 minutes on battery and two minutes on IC engine thus here also the total duration is 4 minutes.

Cost AnalysisCalculations for hybrid mode:The reduction in voltage of battery during 2 minutes

of operation = 0.1 VThe rating of battery = 24 AhThus, power consumed during the operation = V * I = 0.1 * 24 = 2.4 WhThe cost of electricity consumed in this operation can

be calculated by multiplying it with the cost of 1 kWh (1 unit) of electricity which is 5.46 (Average value of February and March 2013)

The cost of electric power = 2.4 *10-3 * 5.46 = 0.0013 Rs.

Continued

The fuel consumed for 2 minutes of duration which can be calculated by taking the average of fuel consumptions for various observations taken during testing at various speeds

The fuel consumed = 21.9 mlThe cost of petrol = 68.64[25/4/2013] +

cost of 2T oil = 73.64 Rs.The cost of fuel consumed = Rs.1.581

ContinuedConventional ModeThe vehicle is run for 4 minutes of duration in IC

engine mode starting from zero speed to maximum speed and fuel consumption was measured at various time intervals and the value obtained is averaged to rectify all the errors if incurred in measurement

Total fuel consumed = 39.6 ml The cost of running vehicle in conventional mode =

= 2.858 Rs.

ResultsThus net saving in cost = = = 44.68%If we run the vehicle for two hours daily for one year, as per

the calculations the net savings will be Rs. 13,972.2The total expenditure of constructing this hybrid vehicle is Rs.

14,300.Thus the payback period for hybridizing the vehicle is nearly

1 year.

ConclusionsIt can be inferred from the above

experimentation payback period of hybridizing the vehicle is approximately 1 year.

Also, the cost benefit incurred is nearly 45 % which seems to be considerable as far as running cost is concerned due to escalating prices of fuels.

The experimentation is done on various assumptions that the vehicle is operated in no load condition, the analysis has been carried out on a stationary set-up, effect of sudden changes in speed has been neglected.

Future Scopes Initially starting the vehicle by IC engine to give initial thrust

and immediately after providing initial jerk it is converted to electric mode to reduce the overloading on motor and rest of the operation can be carried out as usual.

Also, it has can be shown the reverse operation of the cycle i.e. switching over from engine to electric mode by sensing the speed of rear wheel and feeding that signal to microcontroller for switching on the motor.

Provision can be made to drive the vehicle in only one mode i.e. Hybrid or conventional mode when the changeover is frequent.

The experimentation can be conducted on this setup to carry out the cost benefit analysis of hybrid vehicle with conventional vehicle.

Provision can be made to charge the battery by employing regenerative braking in the vehicle.

A portable PUC machine if available can be used to find out the percentage reduction in harmful gases.

References

www.leafmotor.com tronixstuff.wordpress.com directindustry.com basicmicro.com tandyonline.co.uk store.cunningturtle.com apps.co.marion.or.u

Thank you..,

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