Semantics and analytics = making the data and the decisions smarter?
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Semantics and analytics = making the data and the decisions smarter?
Digital Antiquity CI
Feb 7-8, 2013, Arlington VA
Peter Fox (RPI and WHOI) [email protected], @taswegian, http://tw.rpi.edu/web/person/PeterFox Tetherless World Constellation http://tw.rpi.edu and AOP&E
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Analytics – data and visual
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Data Information Knowledge
Producers Consumers
Context
PresentationOrganization
IntegrationConversation
CreationGathering
Experience• Analytics
Ecosystem
• StimulateInnovation
Research
Exploration
Discovery
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Data as Infostructure
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Curation for analytics
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Producers Consumers
Quality Control
Fitness for Purpose Fitness for Use
Quality Assessment
Trustee Trustor
Others… Others…
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Technical advances
From: C. Borgman, 2008, NSF Cyberlearning Report
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Working with knowledge
Expressivity
Maintainability/ Extensibility
Implement-ability
Query
Rule execution
Inference
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For real discovery – we need abduction!
- a method of logical inference introduced by C. S. Peirce which comes prior to induction and deduction for which the colloquial name is to have a "hunch”Importantly -
human intuition is needed in interacting with large-scale data
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Yes, we need a Knowledge Base
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Smart visual exploration
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Semantics - Modern informatics enables a new scale-free** framework approach
• Use cases• Stakeholders• Distributed
authority• Access control• Ontologies• Maintaining
Identity
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Finally
• Significant opportunities for smart data-as-a-service approaches to ‘scale’ for big data (on the web)
• Delivering ‘products’ allows analytics on the back end, but tools to plug into a framework are lacking
• Exploit late semantic binding for ABDUCTION• Next generation analytics must accommodate:
abduction, translucency, interactivity and retain what they do well!
• So we all need to get cracking!• Thanks. @taswegian, [email protected]
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Back shed
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Fox & McGuinness Semantic Technologies May 21, 2007
1: Integrating Multiple Data Sources
• The Semantic Web lets us merge statements from different sources
• The RDF Graph Model allows programs to use data uniformly regardless of the source
• Figuring out where to find such data is a motivator for Semantic Web Services
#Ionosphere #magnetic
“100”“TerrestrialIonosphere”
name
hasCoordinates
hasLowerBoundaryValue
Different line & text colors represent different data sources
hasLowerBoundaryUnit“km”
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Fox & McGuinness Semantic Technologies May 21, 2007
2: Drill Down /Focused Perusal
• The Semantic Web uses Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) to name things
• These can typically be resolved to get more information about the resource
• This essentially creates a web of data analogous to the web of text created by the World Wide Web
• Ontologies are represented using the same structure as content– We can resolve class and
property URIs to learn about the ontology
InternetInternet
…#NeutralTemperature
...#ISR
…#Norway
…#EISCAT
measuredby
type
locatedIn
...#FPI
...#MilllstoneHill
operatedby
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Fox & McGuinness Semantic Technologies May 21, 2007
3: Statements about Statements
• The Semantic Web allows us to make statements about statements– Timestamps– Provenance / Lineage– Authoritativeness /
Probability / Uncertainty– Security classification– …
• This is an unsung virtue of the Semantic Web
#Aurora
Red
#Danny’s
20031031
hascolor
hasSource
hasDateTime
Ontologies Workshop, APL May 26, 2006
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Fox & McGuinness Semantic Technologies May 21, 2007
8: Proof
• The logical foundations of the Semantic Web allow us to construct proofs that can be used to improve transparency, understanding, and trust
• Proof and Trust are on-going research areas for the Semantic Web
#FlatField#CriticalDataset
#SolarPhysicsPaper
hasCalibration
hasPeerReview
“Critical Dataset has been calibrated with a flat field program that is publishedIn the peer reviewed literature.”
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Knowledge representation
• Statements as triples: {subject-predicate-object}interferometer is-a optical instrumentFabry-Perot is-a interferometerOptical instrument has focal lengthOptical instrument is-a instrumentInstrument has instrument operating modeInstrument has measured parameterInstrument operating mode has measured parameterNeutralTemperature is-a temperatureTemperature is-a parameter
• A query*: select all optical instruments which have operating mode vertical
• An inference: infer operating modes for a Fabry-Perot Interferometer which measures neutral temperature
• ISWC paper award 2006, IAAI best paper (2007), Fox et al. 2009 in Computers and Geosciences.
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Visual discovery
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Traversal for new patterns
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However - Skill/ tools?
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Summary
• Get the data well structured! Be aware of the distinctions between data, information, knowledge.
• Develop multi-domain KBs
• Use the standards, and tools that are available
• Get familiar with semantic technology but do not let it drive what you explore
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And…
• Frameworks more than systems
• Leverage semantic methodologies that are shown to work/ be useful
• Vocabulary development … by communities, leverage what you have and for the things that matter
• Exploit late semantic binding for ABDUCTION
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