Semantic chop

SEMANTIC HTML5 101or “Bye bye divitis”

Pascal RettigOn Twitter @cykod

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

Born in 1989 by Tim Berner’s Lee

HTML IS INTO IT’S EARLY 20’SBorn in 1989 by Tim Berner’s Lee


FACING A QUARTER LIFE CRISISThe big goal for HTML5 & Web 3.0 is trying to find “Meaning”


WHAT IS A “SEMANTIC CHOP”?A way to give structure and meaning to the HTML that you generate.


WHO IS THIS FOR?

• Primarily clients other than your usual Web Browsers.

• The Google, Other Search Engines, Data Aggregators, Screen Readers, “Non-traditional” browsers


THE GOALS• HTML tags used in Meaningful

ways

• All styling information left to CSS

• Validating markup

• All dynamic interactions added “unobtrusively” (usually via jQuery)


HOW DOES HTML5 ACHIEVE THIS?


#1 A BOATLOAD OF MEANINGFUL TAGS.<article> <aside> <audio> <canvas> <command> <datalist> <details> <embed> <figcaption> <figure> <footer> <header> <hgroup> <keygen> <mark> <meter> <nav> <output> <progress> <rp> <rt> <ruby> <section> <source> <summary> <time> <video> <wbr>

http://www.w3schools.com/html5/tag_wbr.asp






#2SECTIONING TAGS<article>

<aside>

<nav>

<section>

(Also <details> <figure> act as the same, but don’t add to the parent section)


EACH CREATES A NEW “SECTION” OF YOUR PAGEEach of these represents a separate line in the outline of your document.


#3ORGANIZATIONALELEMENTS<header>

<footer>

<hgroup>


CAN BE USED TO GROUP CONTENT TOGETHER(But does not create a separate sectioning root)


#4SELF-CONTAINED “SYNDICATABLE” CONTENTAll <article>’s should be self-contained elements

They can contain their own <h1>’s <header>’s <footer>’s etc


#5ADDED MEANING TO HTML5 TAGS<em>Emphasized text</em>

<strong>Strong text</strong>

<dfn>Definition term</dfn>

<code>Computer code text</code>

<samp>Sample computer code text</samp>

<kbd>Keyboard text</kbd>

<var>Variable</var>

<cite>Citation</cite>


EXAMPLE:<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> ... Head Stuff ..</head><body> <header> <h1>My Website</h1> <nav id=‘main-menu’> <h1>Main Menu</h1> <ul>

<li><a href=’#’>Item 1</a></li> <li><a href=’#’>Item 2</a></li> </ul>

</nav> </header> <article> <hgroup> <h1>My Awesome Article</h1> <h2>Sub Title</h2> </hgroup> <p> Lorem ipsum... </p> </article> <aside> <h1>Blog roll</h1> <p>Content something or other</p> <ul> <li><a href=’#’>Item 1</a></li> <li><a href=’#’>Item 2</a></li> </ul> </aside> </body></html>


CREATES AN OUTLINE OF:

http://gsnedders.html5.org/outliner/

1. My Website1. Main Menu2. My Awesome Article3. Blog Roll






NITTY GRITTY DETAILS...Can I use a semantic chop now?


YES, IF YOU INCLUDE A SHIV FOR IE < 9• html5shiv

• (Or just use modernizr.js, which also includes it)

• Fine print: Javascript required


http://code.google.com/p/html5shiv/

http://code.google.com/p/html5shiv/

http://www.modernizr.com/

http://www.modernizr.com/

SO NO MORE <DIV>’S AND <SPAN>’S?• Not quite - <divs> and <spans>

should still be used for styling and for organizing data with microdata.

• Remember: <article>, <section> et al create new sectioning roots


PART 2: ADDITIONAL MEANING


SPEAKING OF MICRODATA...A way mark up *your existing html* to give it machine readable meaning.


WHY?Again - search engines. We learned from the bad keyword-stuffing days that pure meta-data doesn’t work.


MICRODATA EXAMPLE:

Create items with itemscope, add properties with itemprop.

<div itemscope> <p>My name is <span itemprop="name">Neil</span>.</p> <p>My band is called <span itemprop="band">Four Parts Water</span>.</p> <p>I am <span itemprop="nationality">British</span>.</p></div>


MORE ATTRIBUTES• Itemtype - Defines the vocabulary to be

used by the microdata format.• Itemid - The unique identifier of the

item, if defined by the microdata vocabulary.

• Itemref - Allows a microdata element to reference another element on the page to define it by either HTML id or by itemid.

ReferenceWednesday, May 25, 2011

http://www.htmlgoodies.com/primers/html/article.php/3920016/Web-Developer-Tutorial-HTML5-Microdata.htm%23fbid=MX1oZPyDotT

http://www.htmlgoodies.com/primers/html/article.php/3920016/Web-Developer-Tutorial-HTML5-Microdata.htm%23fbid=MX1oZPyDotT

WHERE IS IT USED?• Google Rich snippets

• http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=99170


http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=99170






OPENGRAPH:MAKING FACEBOOK HAPPYFacebook scans your page and pulls information whenever someone likes or shares a page of your site


IT’LL JUST PULL RANDOM CR*P IF YOU DON’T ADD OPENGRAPH TAGS


<head><title>The Rock (1996)</title><meta property="og:title" content="The Rock" /><meta property="og:type" content="movie" /><meta property="og:url" content="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117500/" /><meta property="og:image" content="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/rock.jpg" />...

ADD META PROPERTIES

TO YOUR <HEAD>

http://ogp.me/


http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117500/




http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/rock.jpg




http://ogp.me/

http://ogp.me/

FINALLY RDFA


FINALLY RDFA... Which is too complicated to cover in a few minutes ...

But with it’s big brother RDF opens you up to the full world of Web 3.0 & the Semantic Web.


THE LINKED DATA GRAPHThe Semantic Web


THANKS! QUESTIONS?

Pascal Rettigcykod.comTwitter @cykod


Semantic chop

Technology

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