EMGT 501 HW #2 Solutions Chapter 6 - SELF TEST 21 Chapter 6 - SELF TEST 22
SELF TEST
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Transcript of SELF TEST
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SELF TEST
• IF YOU PRACTICE A RELIGION WHAT FUNCTION DOES IT SERVE IN YOUR LIFE?• DOES YOUR RELIGIOUS GROUP ACCEPT
THAT OTHER GROUPS BELIEFS MAY BE TRUE?
• HOW WERE YOU SOCIALIZED INTO YOUR FAITH?
• DO YOU FOLLOW EVERY RULE OF YOUR FAITH? ARE YOU SUPPOSED TO?
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Sociology of Religion:
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Religions of the World
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What is Religion?
CULTURAL UNIVERSAL: Almost every civilization has practiced some form
of RELIGION
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• Gods•Ancestors
•Totems (objects)
What do people WORSHIP?:
How do they worship?•Solitary meditation
•Frenzied rituals •Solemn prayer
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Religion is a matter of faith, not science
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What is Religion?
Defined: Communally-held beliefs and practices
that are based on the, supernatural
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The Education Forum SoR Introduction
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RELIGION IS A GROUP PHENOMENON
1. Recruits & regulates MEMBERSHIP to perpetuate itself
2. Involves socialization (training, of new members)
3. Members benefit from membership4. Preserves order – motivates members
to pursue groups goals and abide by group norms
5. Maintains a sense of purpose for the group
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What is Religion?Private beliefs are not “religion” if they are not shared by a community and, in
turn, institutionalized
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Durkheim’s (functionalist) 3 features common to all
religions:
1. A Set of Rituals adherents will follow
3. Distinction between the SACRED and the PROFANE
2. Supernatural Belief System
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What are the Essential Features Common to all
Religions?
Distinction between the SACRED and the PROFANE?
SACRED: Anything that inspires deep respect, reverence and awe.
It has supernatural qualities. Anything can be regarded as
sacred.
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What are the Essential Features Common to all
Religions?Distinction and Opposition between the
SACRED and the PROFANE
PROFANE: (“Outside the temple”)
•Part of the ordinary rather than of the supernatural world.
•Has the power to weaken or corrupt people.
•Can be anything defined as such by leaders.
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What function does religion
serve?
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Function #1: Emotional Support and Security
• Humans use religion to deal with:–Death–The Purpose of Life–A natural world that seems random and unknowable
–Fear of the Unknown
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Function #2: Religion Provides Social Control
• The group is required to follow strict rules (norms / values) and follow religious leaders and/or the edicts of GOD.
• Rituals reinforce Social Control. Used for: – Forgiveness– Punishment– Collective Worship
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Function #3: Religion Provides Mechanisms for
Social Change.
• Religious vs. Secular: Because religion is supernatural and divine it is always “righteous” (i.e. My God can’t be wrong)
• Religious belief is used as justification for social protests, political revolutions, or any action deemed sacred.
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Function #4: SOCIAL COHESION
• Religion is an aspect of heritage, like ethnicity.
• Religion furnishes part of individuals’ understanding of who and what they are: eg, “I am a Catholic” or “I am a Muslim.”
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BELIEF SYSTEMS
1) Simple Supernaturalism
• Believers do not recognize Gods or spirits, but assume that
supernatural forces influence human events for better or worse
• Some believe these forces can only be recognized others believe they can be
influenced (Luck, “Karma”, etc)
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2) Animism
•Nature Based Religion
• This kind of religion recognizes active spirits operating in the world; they are
found in people and in nature (rivers, mountains and the weather)
• These spirits are honored but rarely worshipped
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3) Theism• Centers on a belief in God or Gods• God(s), presumably all-powerful, has an active interest in human affairs and,
therefore, is worthy of being worshipped
• In large, theocratic, societies there are officials (priests, rabbis, clerics) who
preside over religious ceremonies and interpret
the wishes of their God(s)• Two forms: Monotheism and
Polytheism
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4) Abstract Idealism• Found mainly in Asia and centers not
on the worshipping of a God(s) but, instead, on ways of thinking and behaving
• Goal is to fulfill one’s human potential to the
utmost; to reach an elevated state of consciousness
• Two main forms: Buddhism and Hinduism
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Religions as Organizations
• A church is a formal organization: it is bureaucratic in nature and integrated into the larger society.
• A sect has usually broken off from a larger church over doctrinal issues.
• A cult is a religious group founded on the revelations of person believed to have supernatural powers (Most major religions begin as cults).
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The Education Forum SoR Introduction
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‘Faith’ or ‘Religion’ ?
•Faith is ‘an orientation of the self’ - faith relates to the
internal conviction, associated beliefs, attitudes;
•‘Religion’ relates to the formal expression of the supernatural beliefs as expressed in a group