Self-Directed LearningSelf-Directed Learningin Medical in Medical

Curriculum Curriculum

OutlineOutline

SDL?SDL? 10 Myths10 Myths Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles SDL Tools & TechniquesSDL Tools & Techniques Learning ContractLearning Contract

SDL? : SDL? : Terms ConfusionTerms Confusion

Self-Directed LearningSelf-Directed Learning instructional methodinstructional method

Learner Self-DirectionLearner Self-Direction a set of personality characteristicsa set of personality characteristics

Self-Direction in LearningSelf-Direction in Learning umbrella conceptumbrella concept

SDL ? SDL ? [Knowles, 1975][Knowles, 1975]

a process in which individuals take a process in which individuals take the initiative, with or without the help the initiative, with or without the help of others, to...of others, to... diagnose their learning needs,diagnose their learning needs, formulate learning goals,formulate learning goals, identify resources for learning,identify resources for learning, select and implement learning select and implement learning

strategies, andstrategies, and evaluate learning outcomes.evaluate learning outcomes.

SDL ? SDL ? [Mocker & Spear, 1982][Mocker & Spear, 1982]

Means of LearningMeans of Learning

Institution’s Institution’s ControlControl

Learner’s Learner’s ControlControl

Learning Learning ObjectivesObjectives

Institution’s Institution’s ControlControl

FormalFormal LearningLearning

Informal Informal LearningLearning

Learner’s Learner’s ControlControl

Non-Formal Non-Formal LearningLearning

Self-Self-Directed Directed LearningLearning

SDL ? SDL ? [Hiemstra R 1994][Hiemstra R 1994]

any study forms in which any study forms in which individuals have primary individuals have primary responsibility for planning, responsibility for planning, implementing, and even implementing, and even evaluating the effortevaluating the effort

SDL SDL VSVS Thai Law Thai Law มม. 7 . 7 ในกระบวนการเร�ยนร �ต้�องในกระบวนการเร�ยนร �ต้�อง... ... ร �จั�กพึ่��งร �จั�กพึ่��ง

ต้นเอง ม�ความค�ดร�เร��มสร�างสรรค� ใฝ่�ร � และ ต้นเอง ม�ความค�ดร�เร��มสร�างสรรค� ใฝ่�ร � และเร�ยนร �ด�วยต้นเองอย างต้ อเน!�องเร�ยนร �ด�วยต้นเองอย างต้ อเน!�อง

มม. 15 (3) . 15 (3) การศึ�กษาต้ามอ�ธยาศึ�ย เป็&นการ การศึ�กษาต้ามอ�ธยาศึ�ย เป็&นการศึ�กษาที่��ให้�ผู้ �เร�ยนได�ศึ�กษาที่��ให้�ผู้ �เร�ยนได�เร�ยนร �ด�วยต้นเองเร�ยนร �ด�วยต้นเองต้ามต้าม

ความสนใจั ศึ�กยภาพึ่ ความพึ่ร�อมและโอกาส ความสนใจั ศึ�กยภาพึ่ ความพึ่ร�อมและโอกาส โดยศึ�กษาจัากบ-คคล ป็ระสบการณ์� ส�งคม โดยศึ�กษาจัากบ-คคล ป็ระสบการณ์� ส�งคม

สภาพึ่แวดล�อม ส!�อ ห้ร!อแห้ล งความร �อ!�นๆ สภาพึ่แวดล�อม ส!�อ ห้ร!อแห้ล งความร �อ!�นๆ

SDL SDL VSVS Thai Law Thai Law

มม.22 .22 การจั�ดการศึ�กษาต้�องย�ดห้ล�กการจั�ดการศึ�กษาต้�องย�ดห้ล�กว าผู้ �เร�ยนว าผู้ �เร�ยนที่-กคนม�ความสามารถเร�ยนที่-กคนม�ความสามารถเร�ยนร �และพึ่�ฒนาต้นเองได�ร �และพึ่�ฒนาต้นเองได� และถ!อว าผู้ � และถ!อว าผู้ �

เร�ยนม�ความส2าค�ญที่��ส-ด กระบวนการ เร�ยนม�ความส2าค�ญที่��ส-ด กระบวนการจั�ดการศึ�กษาต้�องส งเสร�มให้�ผู้ �เร�ยนจั�ดการศึ�กษาต้�องส งเสร�มให้�ผู้ �เร�ยนสามารถพึ่�ฒนาต้ามธรรมชาต้�และเต้5มสามารถพึ่�ฒนาต้ามธรรมชาต้�และเต้5ม

ต้ามศึ�กยภาพึ่ต้ามศึ�กยภาพึ่

SDL SDL VSVS Thai Law Thai Law มม.24 .24 การจั�ดกระบวนการเร�ยนร � ให้�สถาน การจั�ดกระบวนการเร�ยนร � ให้�สถานศึ�กษาและห้น วยงานที่��เก��ยวข้�องด2าเน�นการด�งศึ�กษาและห้น วยงานที่��เก��ยวข้�องด2าเน�นการด�งต้ อไป็น�7ต้ อไป็น�7

(1) (1) จั�ดเน!7อห้าสาระและก�จักรรมให้�สอดคล�องจั�ดเน!7อห้าสาระและก�จักรรมให้�สอดคล�อง ก�บความสนใจัและความถน�ดข้องผู้ �เร�ยน โดย ก�บความสนใจัและความถน�ดข้องผู้ �เร�ยน โดย

ค2าน�งถ�งความแต้กต้ างระห้ว างบ-คคลค2าน�งถ�งความแต้กต้ างระห้ว างบ-คคล......

(3) (3) จั�ดก�จักรรมให้�ผู้ �เร�ยนจั�ดก�จักรรมให้�ผู้ �เร�ยน... ... เก�ดการใฝ่�ร �เก�ดการใฝ่�ร �อย างต้ อเน!�องอย างต้ อเน!�อง......

10 SDL Myths 10 SDL Myths

misconceptionsmisconceptions beliefbelief confusionconfusion S-1S-1

Myth 1Myth 1

Myth: Self-Directedness Is an Myth: Self-Directedness Is an All or Nothing ConceptAll or Nothing Concept

to correct it:to correct it: continuum not dichotomouscontinuum not dichotomous

learnerslearners learning experiencelearning experience curriculum (curriculum ( A-6A-6))

A-2A-2

Myth 2Myth 2

Myth: Self-Direction Implies Myth: Self-Direction Implies Learning in IsolationLearning in Isolation

to correct it:to correct it: not necessarynot necessary isolation | small/large groupisolation | small/large group competition competition VSVS cooperation cooperation

Myth 3Myth 3

Myth: Self-Direction Is Just Myth: Self-Direction Is Just Another Adult Education FadAnother Adult Education Fad

to correct it:to correct it: long Hxlong Hx strengthened > 2 decadesstrengthened > 2 decades maybe new terms, but still same maybe new terms, but still same

conceptconcept

Myth 4Myth 4

Myth: Self-Direction Is Not Worth the Myth: Self-Direction Is Not Worth the Time Required to Make It WorkTime Required to Make It Work

to correct it:to correct it: logicallogical

self-direction skillself-direction skill maintain own learningmaintain own learning self-conceptself-concept

future researchfuture research

Myth 5Myth 5

Myth: Self-Directed Learning Myth: Self-Directed Learning

Activities Are Limited Primarily to Activities Are Limited Primarily to

Reading and WritingReading and Writing to correct it:to correct it:

interviewinterview discussiondiscussion agency visitationagency visitation

study tourstudy tour practicumpracticum on-line communityon-line community

Myth 6Myth 6

Myth: Facilitating Self-Direction Is an Myth: Facilitating Self-Direction Is an

Easy Way Out for TeachersEasy Way Out for Teachers to correct it:to correct it:

negotiationnegotiation exchange of viewsexchange of views securing needed resourcessecuring needed resources validation of outcomesvalidation of outcomes learning partnershiplearning partnership

Myth 7Myth 7

Myth: Self-Directed Learning Is Myth: Self-Directed Learning Is

Limited Primarily to Those Limited Primarily to Those

Settings Where Freedom and Settings Where Freedom and

Democracy PrevailDemocracy Prevail to correct it:to correct it:

not totally truenot totally true

Myth 8Myth 8

Myth: Self-Direction in Myth: Self-Direction in Learning Is Limited Learning Is Limited Primarily to White, Middle-Primarily to White, Middle-Class AdultsClass Adults

to correct it:to correct it: for adults, not the skin colorfor adults, not the skin color

Myth 9Myth 9

Myth: Self-Directed Learning Will Myth: Self-Directed Learning Will Erode the Quality of Institutional Erode the Quality of Institutional ProgramsPrograms

to correct it:to correct it: ‘‘when the trust is given, the vast when the trust is given, the vast

majority of learners will work to their majority of learners will work to their maximum and seek out high quality maximum and seek out high quality learning experience’learning experience’

Myth 10Myth 10

Myth: Self-Directed Learning Myth: Self-Directed Learning Is the Best Approach for Is the Best Approach for AdultsAdults

to correct it:to correct it: nothing 100%nothing 100%

Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles

S-8S-8 S-14S-14 S-19S-19 home.twcny.rr.com/hiemstra/sdltools.htmlhome.twcny.rr.com/hiemstra/sdltools.html

Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles

provide information on certain provide information on certain topicstopics

resource personresource person assist learners to assess their assist learners to assess their

needs and competenciesneeds and competencies provide feedback on successive provide feedback on successive

draft of learning plandraft of learning plan

Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles

locate and secure resourcelocate and secure resource build a resource collectionbuild a resource collection set up special learning set up special learning

experienceexperience work as a stimulatorwork as a stimulator foster independencyfoster independency

Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles

promote discussion & small promote discussion & small group activitiesgroup activities

help develop attitude towards help develop attitude towards SDLSDL

manage the SDL processmanage the SDL process serve as validator or evaluatorserve as validator or evaluator

Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles

teach learner how to SDLteach learner how to SDL recognition & reward for recognition & reward for

SDLSDL help learner develop IT skillhelp learner develop IT skill use technologyuse technology

Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles

from: information providerfrom: information provider to: learning experience managerto: learning experience manager

from: learned content concernfrom: learned content concern to: learning process concernto: learning process concern

from: teacher & studentfrom: teacher & student to: partnershipto: partnership

SDL Tools & TechniquesSDL Tools & Techniques

A-18A-18 planning toolsplanning tools individual study techniquesindividual study techniques personal reflection toolpersonal reflection tool individual skill developmentindividual skill development group study techniquesgroup study techniques using the educative communityusing the educative community

Planning ToolsPlanning Tools

self diagnostic formself diagnostic form self-analysis as a learnerself-analysis as a learner

competencies for performing life competencies for performing life roles roles (( A-14) A-14)

SDL skillsSDL skills competencies for carrying out SDL competencies for carrying out SDL

projectsprojects Learning StyleLearning Style Etc: How Self-Directed Are You? (A-36)Etc: How Self-Directed Are You? (A-36)

Planning ToolsPlanning Tools

Self-Directed Learning Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS)Readiness Scale (SDLRS) A-40A-40

Self-Directed Learning Self-Directed Learning Perception Scale (SDLPC)Perception Scale (SDLPC)

self-rating on self-directed self-rating on self-directed learning competencieslearning competencies

Planning ToolsPlanning Tools

self-assessment exerciseself-assessment exercise analyzing thinking skillanalyzing thinking skill determining learning styledetermining learning style teaching styleteaching style change stylechange style Gantt chartGantt chart

Study TechniquesStudy Techniques

mind/concept mappingmind/concept mapping probes in learningprobes in learning vee diagramming / vee heuristic vee diagramming / vee heuristic

techniquetechnique how to read a journal / how to read a journal /

magazinemagazine learning from TV /radiolearning from TV /radio

Study TechniquesStudy Techniques

exercisingexercising self-education/universityself-education/university preferred learning envir.preferred learning envir. relaxation trainingrelaxation training memory enhancement techniquesmemory enhancement techniques learning with computerlearning with computer etcetc

Reflection ToolsReflection Tools

book / article / media / review book / article / media / review techniquestechniques

interactive reading loginteractive reading log media logmedia log journal / diary writingjournal / diary writing persona philosophy statementpersona philosophy statement etcetc

Skill DevelopmentSkill Development

port folio developmentport folio development improving writingimproving writing improving discussing skillimproving discussing skill enhancing questioning skillenhancing questioning skill etcetc

Group Study TechniquesGroup Study Techniques

a study group activitya study group activity debatesdebates discussion groupdiscussion group study circlestudy circle quality circlequality circle

Educative CommunityEducative Community

community studycommunity study resource personresource person obtaining feedbackobtaining feedback agency visitagency visit mini-internshipmini-internship interviewinginterviewing etcetc

Learning ContractLearning Contract Written DocumentWritten Document

ObjectivesObjectives ResourcesResources Date of CompletionDate of Completion EvidenceEvidence EvaluationEvaluation

A-17, 20A-17, 20

ConclusionConclusion

SDL?SDL? 10 Myths10 Myths Teacher’s RolesTeacher’s Roles SDL Tools & TechniquesSDL Tools & Techniques Learning ContractLearning Contract