Self Blood Sugar Monitoring

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Critical for diabetics Clinitest® effervescent urine sugar testing tablets launched by Bayer (formerly Miles Laboratories) Methodology: Urinalysis for glucose DIPSTIX: Urine Analysis In 1954 Glucotest /Testape roll licensed by Eli Lilly to Boehringer Mannheim) In 1964 Combur-Test (BM) for glucose, protein and pH of urine. 1941 1950s – 60s Quantitative estimation: Reflectance Meters (ARM) (i) photometric (colourimetric) – ‘Desk-Top’ 1970 Ames Reflectance Meter (ARM) inventor Anton (Tom) H Clemens 1970s 1979: Dextrometer : digital version of Dextrostix meter 1985: Glucometer II : from Bayer with memory capability 1986: Glucometer M : with event marker and computer interface 1980s – 2000s The Future is here Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems: No Missed data Blood Sugar Monitoring History and The Near Future Suncity World School Gurgaon Manik Gaiha Class XII A

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Presentation on monitoring blood sugar levels

Transcript of Self Blood Sugar Monitoring

Page 1: Self Blood Sugar Monitoring

Critical for diabeticsClinitest® effervescent urine sugar testing tablets launched by Bayer (formerly Miles Laboratories) Methodology: Urinalysis for glucose

DIPSTIX: Urine Analysis• In 1954 Glucotest /Testape roll licensed by

Eli Lilly to Boehringer Mannheim)• In 1964 Combur-Test (BM) for glucose,

protein and pH of urine.

1941

1950s – 60s

Quantitative estimation: Reflectance Meters (ARM) (i) photometric (colourimetric) – ‘Desk-Top’ 1970 Ames Reflectance Meter (ARM) inventor Anton (Tom) H Clemens

1970s

1979: Dextrometer : digital version of Dextrostix meter1985: Glucometer II : from Bayer with memory

capability1986: Glucometer M : with event marker and

computer interface

1980s – 2000s

The Future is here Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring

Systems: No Missed dataBlood Sugar Monitoring History and The Near Future

Suncity World SchoolGurgaon

Manik Gaiha Class XII A

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Why Glucose Monitoring is critical?Blood Sugar varies continuously:

For Diabetics very high or very low glucose levels in the blood produce long term and short term consequences which breaks down the diabetics body

• Affects the Blood Vesels (Atherosclerosis)• Affects the Heart (Risk of Cardiac Disease)• Attacks the Nerves (Neuropathy)• Attacks the blood vessels in the Retina (Retinopathy

can cause blindness)

Continuous monitoring Allows for optimal treatment strategies

Reduces incident of very high/ low blood sugar

Is considered critical to diabetic care

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1940 – 60s: Early Glucose Monitoring Systems: Indirect Urinalysis1941 Clinitest® Urinalaysis• effervescent urine sugar testing tablets

launched by Bayer (formerly Miles Laboratories)

• Uses alkaline copper sulphate and Na citrate – forms colour in re-hydrated state dependent on glucose content

1964 Dextrostix Urinalysis • In 1964 Earnest C Adams developed

Dextrostix (Ames – Miles Laboratories) Patent No 3,092,465

• 1st dry-reagent blood sugar test-strip using immobilised glucose oxidase

• with horse-radish peroxidase and a colour indicator.

• Modifications: covering over enzymes and dye with water resistant material on a plastic support

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1970s – Early 1980s: Gold Standard for Urinalysis (Indirect Blood Glucose)

Automated Evaluation : Reflectance Meters (ARM)

Photometric (colourimetric) – ‘Desk-Top’

1968 Haemo-Glukotest developed (improved 1979).

Remains the gold standard of accuracy for purely visual blood glucose determination.

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Automated Evaluation : Glucose meters - digital read-out photometric test strips – Bayer (ex Miles)• 1979 Dextrometer : digital version of Dextrostix

meter• 1985 Glucometer II : from Bayer with memory

capability• 1986 Glucometer M : with event marker and

computer interface• 1987GlucofactsTM :

1981 Glucockek / Glucoscan : developed by Medistron (UK) aquired by Johnson & Johnson in 1986• Systems had considerable user influence on the

results and a narrow haematocrit range• Test times remained relatively long from 40

seconds to 2 minutes

1980s : ‘First Generation’ Meters : Direct Blood Glucose Measurement

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1980s : ‘Second Generation’ Meters : Direct Blood Glucose Measurement

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Today: ‘Third Generation’ Meters : The Future is arriving!!!…Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems

Combined with Insulin PumpsTo continuously monitor and adjust automated dosing of Insulin: As close to normal as

possible…

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Thank you“An on-going evolution towards complete patient independence”

References: DROKeystoneSMBG2009: Owens http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/centers/BarbaraDavis/Documents/teaching-keystone2009/Owens_1.pdf