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BOOKS

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Ahmed, Iftikhar, and Doelman, Jacobus A. (eds), Beyond Rio: The En­vironmental Crisis and Sustainable Livelihoods in the Third World (New York: St. Martin's, 1995).

Alston, Philip, The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford: Clarendon, 1992).

Axline, Andrew (ed.), The Political Economy of Regional Cooperation (London: Pinter, 1994).

Kit Boey, Chow; Moh Leen, Chew; and Su, Elizabeth, One Partnership in Development: UNDP and Singapore (Singapore: UN Association of Singapore, 1989).

Bourantonis, Dimitris and Weiner, Jarrod (eds), The United Nations in the New World Order (New York: St. Martin's, 1995).

Brown, Frederick Z., Second Chance: The United States and Indochina in the 1990s (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1989).

Bryant, Raymond L. and Parnwell, Michael J.G. (eds), Environmental Change in South-East Asia: People, Politics and Sustainable Development (London: Routledge, 1996).

Cartledge, Bryan (ed.), Population and the Environment (Oxford: OUP, 1995). Castles, A.C., Australia and the United Nations (Melbourne: Longman

Australia, 1974). Chanda, Nyan, Brother Enemy: The War after the War (New York: Harcourt

Brace, 1986). D'Amico, Francine, and Beckman, Peter R. (eds), Women in World Poli­

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Perspectives on Pacific Island Women (Suva: Marama, 1994). Evans, Gareth and Grant, Bruce, Australia's Foreign Relations in the World

of the 1990s (Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1991). Findlay, Trevor, Cambodia: The Legacy and Lessons of UNTAC, SIPRI

Research Report 9 (Stockholm: SIPRI and Oxford University Press, 1995). Ghai, Yash (ed.), Public Administration and Management in Small States:

Pacific Experiences (London: Commonwealth Secretariat and USP, 1990). Haq, Mahbub ul (ed.), The United Nations and the Bretton Woods Institu­

tions (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995). Hayes, Peter and Smith, Kirk (eds), The Global Greenhouse Regime: Who

Pays? (Tokyo: UN University Press, 1993). Heder, Steven and Ledgerwood, Judy (eds), Propaganda, Politics, and

Violence in Cambodia: Democratic Transition under United Nations Peace­keeping (New York: East Gate and M.E. Sharpe, 1996).

237

238 Bibliography

Henningham, Stephen and May, R.J. (eds), Resources, Development and Politics in the Pacific Islands (Crawford House Press: Bathurst, 1992).

Hurrell, A. and Kingsbury, B. (eds), The International Politics of the En­vironment (Oxford: Clarendon, 1992).

Kegley, Charles W. and Rosenau, James N. (eds), New Directions in the Study of Foreign Policy (Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1987).

Leaver, Richard and.Richardson, James L. The Post-Cold War Order: Di­agnoses and Prognoses (Canberra: Allen and Unwin in Association with the ANU, 1993).

Leifer, Michael, ASEAN and the Security of South East Asia (Routledge: London, 1989).

Loescher, Gil, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global Refugee Crisis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).

Lubis, Todung Malya, In Search of Human Rights: Legal-Political Dilemmas of Indonesia's New Order, 1966-1990 (Jakarta: PT Gramedin Pustaka Utama and SPES Foundation, 1993).

Mahoney, Kathleen and Mahoney, Paul (eds), Human Rights in the 21st Century: A Global Challenge (Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1993).

Mayall, James (ed.), The New Interventionism 1991-94: United Nations Experience in Cambodia, Former Yugoslavia and Somalia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

Ogawa, N., Jones, Gavin and Willamson, Jeffrey G. (eds), Human Re­sources in Development Along the Asia-Pacific Rim (OUP: Singapore, 1993).

Rae, Heather, and Reus-Smit, Chris (eds), The United Nations: Between Sovereignty and Global Governance? Summary of Proceedings (Melbourne: School of Politics: La Trobe University, 1996).

Reach, Richard (ed.), Human Rights: The New Consensus (London: Re­gency, 1994).

Robinson, Nicholas, with Hassan, Parvez and Burhene-Guilmin, Francoise (eds), Agenda 21 and the UNCED Proceedings, International Protection of the Environment, Third Series, 6 (New York: Oceana Publications, 1993).

Rochester, J. Martin, Waiting for the Millennium: The United Nations and the Future of World Order (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1993).

Shawcross, William, The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust and Modern Conscience (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984).

---Cambodia's New Deal: A Report, Carnegie Endowment Contempo­rary Issues Paper, 1 (New York: Carnegie, 1994).

Tang, James H. (ed.), Human Rights and International Relations in the Asia-Pacific Region (London: Pinter, 1995).

Templeton, Malcolm (ed.), New Zealand as an International Citizen: Fifty Years of United Nations Membership (Wellington: New Zealand Minis­try of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 1995).

Tolley, Howard, The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (Boul­der: Westview, 1987).

The United Nations in Cambodia (New York: UN Department of Public Information, 1995).

Bibliography 239

Urquhart, Brian and Childers, Erskine, Renewing the UN System (Uppsala: Dag Hammarskjold Foundation, 1991).

Viraphol, Sarasin and Pfennig, Werner (eds), ASEAN-UN Cooperation in Preventive Diplomacy (Bangkok: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1995).

Weatherbee, Donald E. (ed.), South East Asia Divided: The ASEAN­Indochina Crisis (Boulder: Westview, 1985).

Wee, Vivienne and Heyzer, Noeleen, Gender, Poverty and Sustainable Development: Towards a Holistic Framework of Understanding and Ac­tion (Singapore: Engender/UNDP, 1995).

Weiss, Thomas G., Forsyth, David P. and Coate, Roger A, The United Nations and Changing World Politics (Boulder: Westview, 1994).

ARTICLES

Amitav, Acharya, 'Cambodia, the United Nations and the Problems of Peace', The Pacific Review, 7, 3 (1994), 297-308.

Antolik, Michael, 'The ASEAN Regional Forum: The Spirit of Construc­tive Engagement', Contemporary Southeast Asia, 16, 2 (1994), 117-36.

Barbier, Edward D. et al., 'The Linkages Between the Timber Trade and Tropical Deforestation in Indonesia', The World Economy, 18, 3 (1995), 411-42.

Barcher, Anne C. 'First Asylum in Southeast Asia: Contemporary Norm or Ephemeral Concept?', New York University Journal of International Law, 24, 3 (1992), 1253-86.

Barston, Ronald, 'United Nations Conference on Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks', Marine Policy, 19, 2 (1995), 159-66.

Bergin, Anthony, and Howard, Marcus, 'The Last Jewel in a Disintegrat­ing Crown: The Case of Japanese Distant Water Tuna Fisheries', Ocean Development and International Law, 25 (1994), 187-215.

Berry, Ken, 'UNTAC as Paradigm: A Flawed Success', Pacifica Review, 7, 2 (1995), 87-101.

Bertram, Eva, 'Reinventing Governments: The Promise and Perils of United Nations Peace Building', Journal of Conflict Resolution, 39, 3 (1995), 387-418.

Bertram, I.G. and Watters, R.F., 'The MIRAB Process: Earlier Analysis in Context', Pacific Viewpoint, 27, 1 (1986), 47-59.

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 'Empowering the UN', Foreign Affairs, 89 (Winter, 1992-3), 98-9.

Bun, Chan Kwok and Christie, Kenneth, 'Past, Present and Future: The Indochinese Refugee Experience Twenty Years Later', Journal of Refu­gee Studies, 8, 1 (1995), 75-94.

Wah, Chin Kin, 'ASEAN: consolidation and institutional change', The Pacific Review, 8, 3 (1995), 424-39.

Cienchanski, Jerzy, 'Restructuring the UN Security Council', International Peacekeeping, 1, 4 (1994), 413-39.

Cleary, Seamus, 'In Whose Interest? NGO Advocacy Campaigns and the Poorest: An Exploration of Two Indonesian Examples', International Relations, XII, 5 (1995), 9-35.

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Crane, Barbara B. and Isaacs, Stephen L., 'The Cairo Programme of Ac­tion: A New Framework for International Cooperation on Population and Development Issues', Harvard Journal of International Law, 36, 2 (1995), 295-306.

Dever, Gregory J. and Finau, Sitaleki A 'The Yanuca Island Declaration: Pacific health in the twenty-first century', Pacific Health Dialog, 2, 2 (1995), 70-4.

Doyle Michael W. and Suntharalingam, Nishkala, 'The UN in Cambodia: Lessons for Complex Peacekeeping', International Peacekeeping, 1, 2 (1994), 117-47.

Eccleston, Bernard, 'NGOs and Competing Representations of Deforestation as an Environmental Issue in Malaysia', The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, XXXIV, 1 (1996), 116-42.

Firth, Stewart, 'Sovereignty and Independence in the Contemporary Pa­cific', The Contemporary Pacific, 1-2 (1989), 75-96.

Foot, Rosemary, 'Thinking Globally from a Regional Perspective', Con­temporary Southeast Asia, 18, 1 (1996), 17-35.

Gaer, Felice, 'Reality Check: Human Rights Non-Governmental Organ­isations Confront Governments at the United Nations', Third World Quarterly, 16, 3 (1995), 389-404.

Ghai, Yash, 'Human Rights and Governance: The Asia Debate', Australian Yearbook of International Law, 15 (1994), 1-34.

Helton, Arthur C., 'Displacement and Human Rights: Current Dilemmas in Refugee Protection', Journal of International Affairs, 47, 2 (1994), 379-98.

Henningham, Stephen, 'Keeping the Tricolour Flying: The French Pacific into the 1990s', The Contemporary Pacific, 1-2 (1989), 97-132.

Herr, Richard A, 'The United Nations, Regionalism, and the South Pa­cific', The Pacific Review, 7, 3 (1994), 261-9.

Hong, Mark, 'Small States in the United Nations', International Social Science Journal, 144 (1995), 277-87.

Jennar, Raoul, 'UNTAC: "International Triumph" in Cambodia?', Security Dialogue, 25, 2 (1994), 145-56.

Jones, Sidney, 'Regional Institutions for Protecting Human Rights in Asia', Australian Journal of International Affairs, 50, 3 (1996), 269-77.

Katzenstein, Peter J., 'Regionalism in Comparative Perspective', Coop­eration and Conflict, 31, 2 (1996), 141-50.

Kusmaatadja, Mochtar, 'ASEAN and the Pacific in the 1990s', The Indo­nesian Quarterly, 19, 2 (1991), 131-40.

Larmour, Peter, 'A "Foreign Flower"? Democracy in the South Pacific', Pacific Studies, 17, 1 (1994), 45-77.

Maung, Mya, 'Facts Versus Fiction: Socio-Political and Economic Devel­opment of Burma under Military Management Since 1988', The Pacific Review, 8, 4 (1995), 649-82.

Munck, Gerardo L. and Kumar, Chetan, 'Civil Conflicts and the Condi­tions for Successful International Intervention: A Comparative Study of Cambodia and El Salvador', Review of International Studies, 21, 2 (1995), 159-81.

O'Donnell Daniel, 'Resettlement or Repatriation: Screened-Out Vietnamese Child Asylum Seekers and the Convention on the Rights of the Child',

Bibliography 241

International Commission of Jurists: The Review, 52 (1994), 16-33. Peang-Meth, Abdulgaffar, 'The United Nations Peace Plan, the Cambo­

dia Conflict, and the Future of Cambodia', Contemporary Southeast Asia, 14, 1 (1992), 33-46.

Ratner, Steven R., 'The Cambodian Settlement Agreements', American Journal of International Law, 87, 1 (1993), 1-41.

Roberts, Adam, 'The United Nations and International Security', Survival, 35, 2 (1993), 3-30.

Ross, Ken, 'Asia and the Security of the South Pacific's Island States', Survival, 38, 3 (1996), 129-43.

Sanderson, J.M., 'UNTAC: Lessons Learnt: The Military Component View', Pacifica Review, 7, 2 (1995), 69-85.

Snitwongse, Kusuma, 'ASEAN's Security Cooperation: Searching for Re­gional Order', The Pacific Review, 8, 3 (1995), 518-30.

Stamatopoulou, Elsa, 'Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations: Hu­man Rights as a Developing Dynamic', Human Rights Quarterly, 16 (1994), 58-81.

Taplin, Roslyn, 'International Policy on the Greenhouse Effect and the Island South Pacific', The Pacific Review, 7, 3 (1994), 271-81.

Thakur, Ramesh and Makinda, Samuel M., 'The Asia-Pacific Region and the United Nations', Contemporary Southeast Asia, 18, 2 (1996), 119-34.

Warrington, Edward, 'A Capacity for Policy Management: Re-Appraising the Context in Micro-States', Asian Journal of Public Administration, 16, 1 (1994), 109-33.

Weiskel, Timothy C., 'UNCED and After: Global Issues, Country Prob­lems, and Regional Solutions in the Asia-Pacific Area', Journal of De­veloping Areas, 28, 1 (1993).

REPORTS

An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeep­ing: Report of the Secretary-General, 17 June 1992. An Agenda for Peace 1995 (New York: UN 2nd ed. with supplement, 1995).

ASEAN Action Plan on the Environment (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 1994), IV, Trade and Environment.

Beijing and Beyond: The Report of the New Zealand Delegation to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women: Beijing 1995 (Wellington: Ministry of Women's Affairs, 1996).

Brandon, Carter and Ramankutty, Ramesh, Towards an Environmental Strategy for Asia, World Bank Discussion Paper, 22 (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1993).

Browne, Christopher, Pacific Island IMF Member Countries: Recent Econ­omic Developments and Medium-Term Prospects (Washington D.C.: IMF, 1995).

The Coming Wave: HIV/AIDS in Vietnam: Report of John B. Chittick (Ho Chi Minh City: Ho Chi Minh City AIDS Committee, 1996).

The Human Development Report 1997 (New York: OUP/UNDP, 1997).

242 Bibliography

UNITED NATIONS DOCUMENTS

Jakarta Declaration and Plan of Action, E/CN.6/1995/5/Add. 1. Mid-Term Review of UNICEF's Pacific Programme of Co-operation, (Suva:

UNICEF Pacific Programme, 1 September 1994). Pacific Human Development Report (UNDP: Suva, 1994). Project Performance Evaluation Report, UNDP/UNOPS Pacific Regional

Equitable and Sustainable Human Development, PMI/92/300 (Suva: ESHDP, 1995).

Report of the International Conference on Population and Development. UN Doc. NConf. 171/13. 1994.

A Reproductive Health Profile of the Western Pacific Region, 1 (Manila: WHO, 1995).

South Pacific Children (UNICEF: Suva, 1995). UNFPA Intercountry Programme 1996-99, DP/1995/44. The United Nations and the Advancement of Women 1945-1996 (New York:

United Nations, 1996). United Nations, Secretary-General, An Agenda for Peace - Preventive

Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-Keeping (New York: UN, 1992).

Index

Afghanistan 16 Agenda 21 67, 70, 97, 100, 113

ASEAN 101, 103, 183 AOSIS 105 1992 formulation 96-7 1997 Review Conference 94 see also environment

Ahmed, Rafeeudin 178 Cambodia 18, 27, 28 statement on women 152-3

aid see development assistance AIDS see HIV/AIDS Akashi, Yasushi 25, 26, 27, 28,

32, 35, 43 Alatas, Ali 125, 126, 143, 204-5,

217 see also Indonesia

Albright, Madeleine 120 Alliance of Small Island States

(AOSIS) 83, 112 and 1994 Barbados Conference

105, 107, 219 1995 Berlin Conference 195-6 Convention on Climate Change

195 and South Pacific 104, 112,

114, 195-6 see also Climate Change

Framework Alma Ata Declaration (1978) 15,

86 American Refugee Committee 29 Amnesty International 131-3, 136,

138-9, 167, 204-5 Annan, Kofi 1, 126, 210

UN reform proposals 2 Antarctic Treaty 209

see also Malaysia Asia Cultural Forum 158 Asia Indigenous Women's Network

158 Asia and Oceania Federation of

Obstetrics and Gynaecology 84

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) 197, 234

Asia-Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development 161

Asia-Pacific Resource and Research Center for Women (ARROW) 166, 168

Asia Watch 132, 136, 209 Asian Development Bank 66, 71,

72, 78, 82, 87, 187, 234 Asian Regional Forum (ARF)

180, 196, 212 Asian Women Human Rights

Council 158 Association of Southeast Asian

Nations (ASEAN) 5, 87, 100, 111, 196

and ARF 180, 196 Bangkok Declaration (1967) 194 Cambodia 12, 14-18, 20, 22,

36, 178 Conservation Agreement (1985)

101 coordinating body on Seas of

East Asia (COBSEA) 183 dialogue partners' meetings 184,

196 Environment Agreement (1985)

101 Environment Plan (1994) 97, 101 human rights 185, 210 members on UN Security Council

218 members and UN reform 216-18 Oil Spill and Response

Preparedness Scheme 183 peacekeeping activities of members

213 and refugees 48 relations with the UN 178-80,

192, 195 and South China Sea 181-2,

194

243

244 Index

Treaty of Amity and Cooperation 179

UN reform 216-18 Atlantic Charter 3 atoll vulnerability 83, 103 Australia 11, 47, 51, 72, 78, 86,

108, 113, 135, 138, 163, 184 Cambodia 12, 14, 21 and climate change 104, 195,

221 Evans, Senator Gareth 212 Red Cross 111 South Pacific 104, 109, 117,

189, 218, 220 treaty membership 110, 112,

133, 200 UN peacekeeping 213

Baker, James 32 Bangkok Declarations

ASEAN (1967) 194 Human Rights (1993) 8, 141

Bangladesh 56 see also Rohyinga muslims

Basel Convention 97, 191 Bertram, E. 28, 39 Bertram, G. 76 Biodiversity 102, 104, 112, 167, 194 Bosnia 211-12

and Malaysia 207, 210 peacekeeping commitments to

213 see also Boutros-Ghali

Bougainville 132, 133-4, 220 Cairns conference on 135 Martin Miriori 57 situation of women 164 UN involvement 134-5

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros Agenda for Peace, An 9, 13, 176,

214 Cambodia 27, 36, 37 and Fiji women 160 East Timor 125 and human rights 138, 205 Malaysian attacks on 132, 210 regional consultations 195

Bretton Woods Institutions 63, 93, 95, 234

see also IMF; World Bank British Coalition for East Timor

140 Brundtland Report 94 Brunei 192

human development indicators 74

human rights 130 treaty accession 102, 130, 192

Burma see Myanmar

Cambodia administrative problems 19, 29,

21, 71 Battambang province 24 Center for Human Rights 29,

30, 37 cantonment of forces 13 civil reconstruction 17, 20-1,

27, 30, 36 coalition government (CGDK)

15, 17, 19, 20, 22-3 1981 conference on 15-16 elections (1993) 9, 13, 15, 21,

28, 29, 41 embargo on 14, 52 factions 6, 13, 17, 20-2, 36, 59 force demobilization 13 FUNCINPEC 22 Heng Samrin 14, 17, 21, 52 human development indicators

74 human rights violations in 29,

35, 122 Hun Sen 12, 21, 23, 30, 60 Ieng Sary 26 illegal economic activity in 34-5,

101, 192 International Committee for

Reconstruction of 26, 231 Joint Informal Meetings on 12,

18 Khieu Samphan 22 Khmer ethnicity 27, 36 Khmer Rouge 12, 14, 17, 19,

22, 25, 26, 33, 35, 37, 52, 55, 58

land mines 23, 53, 71, 209 Lon No! 14

Index 245

map of 24 news media in 26, 28 Paris Agreements 20, 21, 23,

25-7, 29, 35-8, 53, 58, 230 Paris Conferences on 19, 32 Partnership in Action Program 51 peace process 12, 18, 27, 50,

194 Pol Pot 14, 29, 51 political parties 21-2, 27 Ranariddh, Prince 12, 22, 30 refugees 28-9 relations with Thailand 35, 52 relations with Vietnam 14-16 returnee resettlement 13, 28,

37, 53-4 Sihanouk 12, 13, 15, 17-18, 20,

22-3, 26, 30, 34, 71, 209 social dynamics 27, 30-1, 34-6 Sonn Sann 22 State of Cambodia (SOC) 21,

25, 35 Supreme National Council (SNC)

17, 22, 23, 29 treaty membership 102, 130, 200 UN Advanced Mission in

Cambodia (UNAMIC) 23 UN Border Relief operation 18 UNDP 71 and UN General Assembly 14,

15, 16, 17, 20, 52, 209 UNHCR 51-4 UN Security Council 13, 16,

20-1, 23, 26, 32-3, 35; 'Permanent Five' (P5) 13, 16, 25-6, 31-~ 34, 36, 38, 58, 233

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) 2, 13, 21, 23, 25-7, 33, 35-6, 54, 101, 212, 214; election activities 13, 23, 28; human rights 29-30, 37; operational problems 25, 26-7; relations with UN Secretariat 27; police component 27; social impacts 27

UN volunteers 28

Vietnamese nationals in 20, 25, 33, 37

women 167 Cambodian Resettlement and

Reintegration Project (CARERE) 54

Canada 3, 47, 51, 224 Caribbean 153, 235 Chan, Sir Julius 134

see also Papua New Guinea Chemical Weapons Convention

(CWC) 191, 200 Childers, Erskine 2, 10, 234 children

Convention on Rights of 75, 84-5, 130, 133, 138

prostitution of 75, 138, 185 as refugees 52 see also UNICEF

China 46, 52, 71, 120, 122 and Cambodia 14, 16, 21, 22,

36 and Fourth World Conference

on Women 149, 162, 165, 167

and Taiwan 180 South China Sea 181 and UN 194, 214

Cienchanski, J. 216 Climate Change Framework

Convention on 95, 96, 103, 104, 114, 195, 221

and AOSIS 195 Berlin conference (1995) 195 Kyoto conference (1997) 196,

232 and South Pacific 221 UNCED formulation 95-6, 103

Coalition to End Child Prostitution (ECPAT) 75

Cold War 3-4, 44, 65, 195, 228 and Cambodia 14, 37 and UN Security Council 9

Commission on Sustainable Development 104, 106, 109, 187

Commonwealth 186-7, 235 Convention on Wetlands of

Importance (RAMSAR) 112

246 Index

Cook Islands 66, 163, 188 treaty membership 110, 112,

133, 200

decolonization 124, 187-8 and France 188-9 Indonesia 203-6 UN General Assembly Committee

on 140 UN Trusteeship Council 187

de Dios, A. 158 de Mellor, V. 50 Denmark 72 development assistance

competing philosophies of 65, 86-8

and Southeast Asia 74-6 and South Pacific 76-9 and sustainability 78-9 UNDP 69-74

disarmament Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

220, 231 and South Pacific 189 Treaty of Rarotonga 189-90, 199 UN Register of conventional

weapons 184

Economic and Social Commission Asia Pacific (ESCAP) 66-8, 73, 76, 87, 102, 157, 160-1, 187, 211, 234

Pacific operations center 67, 111

subsidiary bodies 66 survey activities 67 thematic approach 67

Emberson-Bain, A. 109 environment

Conventions 102, 110, 112 forests 98-100, 107, 109 and Southeast Asia 93, 100-3,

183 and South Pacific 103-44 UNCED 7, 94-6, 98, 100, 151,

154, 169, 202 European Community (EC) 17 European Union (EU) 78, 87,

138, 211

Fairburn, T. 77 Parer, T. 45 Federated States of Micronesia

(FSM) 79, 84, 186, 190, 220 treaty membership 110, 112, 200

Fiji 78-9, 84, 86, 109, 167-8, 186 human development indicators

77 military coups in 82, 132 treaty membership 110, 112,

133, 200 UN peacekeeping 213, 219

Findlay, T. 30, 38 fisheries

Code of Responsible Fishing 190

Convention on the Law of the Sea 108, 181, 183, 190

Convention on Migratory Species and Straddling Stocks 190

Driftnet Convention 189 FAO 108, 186, 190 Nauru Agreement 190 Niue Treaty 190 in Southeast Asia 181 and South Pacific 108, 112-13,

190 see also South Pacific Forum

Fisheries Agency Flor Contemplacion 158 Food and Agricultural Organization

(FAO) 17, 194 fisheries 108, 186, 190 Tropical Forestry Action Plan

98, 115 forestry

deforestation compared 99, 107 South Pacific 109, 112, 229 in Southeast Asia 98-100 Tropical Forestry Action Plan

98 UNCED Principles Agreement

100 Forum of Small States

(FOSS), 211 Fourth World Conference on

Women (FWCW) antecedents 150

Index 247

and China 149, 162, 165, 167 Nairobi strategies 150, 156,

158, 154, 161 and NGOs 167, 171 Jakarta conference 160-1 Platform of Action 162-6 preparatory conferences for

156-62, 234 and sexual orientation 163 South Pacific 163-4, 168 Southeast Asia 164-8 see also women

France 3, 6, 47 and Cambodia 23, 71 Chirac government 188 UN Committee on Decolonization

188 Foreign Minister Dumas 23 French Polynesia 163, 189 New Caledonia 188-9 Pacific nuclear weapons testing,

8, 163, 189, 232 Fry, G. 186

Genocide 22, 130, 133 Germany 37, 217 Giacomelli, G. 193 Global Environmental Facility (GEF)

97, 107 Goa 204 Grameen Bank 230 'Group of Eight' (G8) 8, 222 'Group of 77' (G77), 6, 97, 100,

123, 162, 165, 187, 194, 221, 229

Hammarberg, T. 29 Handicap International 53 Haq, M. 154 Heyzer, N. 152 Hitam, Datuk M. 207 HIV/AIDS 191, 230

Southeast Asia 192 South Pacific 85, 91, 170 UNICEF 191 UNDP South Pacific Report on

85 UNDP Vietnam report on 71 UNFPA 191-2 WHO 71

Hong Kong 46-8, 51 Human Development Index, 73

see also UNDP human rights

1993 Bangkok Declarations on 123, 140-1

causes of violation 118 Cambodia 29-30, 37 compliance 118 Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights 120, 123, 130, 133; Human Rights Committee of 123

Covenant on Social and Economic Rights 120, 130, 133

Indonesia 120-4 Myanmar 121, 124, 127-8 and NGOs 121, 123, 126, 136-42 national committees on 125,

131, 185 state reservations to international

instruments 130, 133 UN Commission on Human

Rights (UNCHR) 121-2, 132-3, 137-8, 142, 208, 210

UN '1503 procedure' 122, 125, 143, 204

UN Human Rights Commissioner 121, 126, 141, 205

UN human rights rapporteurs and investigators: Cumaraswamy (judicial independence) 210; Kooijmans (Indonesia) 124-5, 139; Lallah (Myanmar) 128; N'Diaye (Indonesia, Bougainville) 126, 131, 134; Ogata (Myanmar) 127, 129; Radley (Indonesia) 131, 139; Wako (Indonesia) 125-6; Yokota (Myanmar) 127, 132

UN 'rule 1235' 123 UN scrutiny modes 124-5 UN Sub-Commission on Prevention

of Discrimination 121-2, 124, 132, 135

Universal Declaration on 120 Philippines 120

248 Index

human - continued refugees 124 regional aspects 142 secrecy 122 Vienna conference (1993) 7,

123, 140, 151, 155, 207, 311, 222, 232-3

Vietnam 130

India 14 indigenous rights 134-6 Indo-China

1981 ICK conference 15 major powers 228 refugees 45-54

Indonesia Aceh province 131, 137 Bappenas 70 birth control 157 in Cambodia peace process 12 corruption 70 deforestation 93, 100-1 East Timor 203-6, 229;

decolonization, 189, 203; Dili massacre (1991) 124, 126, 139, 203-5; Kooijmans report 124, 139; Gusmao, X. 126, 131; human rights 124, 126, 138; N'Diayae report 126; Wako report 12

human development indicators 74

human rights in 130, 137, 139, 205

Intergovernmental Group on Indonesia 205

and Papua New Guinea 56-7 Sugandhi, M. 162 Suharto, President 8, 57, 142 Sukarno, President 4 treaty membership 102, 130,

200 UN Conferences on

women 162, 164 UNDP 70 UN peacekeeping 213 UN reform 216-17 UN Security Council terms 218

West Irian 57 withdrawal from UN 4 women 157, 162

Ingram, James 86 intellectual property rights 194 International Committee of the

Red Cross (ICRC) 17, 52, 58

International Court of Justice (ICJ) Nauru compensation question

220 ruling on nuclear weapons 209 ruling on status of UN personnel

122 International Decade for World's

Indigenous People 135 International Federation of Human

Rights 139 International Fund for Agricultural

Development 192 International Labor Organization

(ILO) 120, 127, 235 Southeast Asia 87, 183, 195,

207 South Pacific membership 86

International Maritime Organization (IMO) 183

International Monetary Fund (IMP) 77, 82, 87

International Research and Training and Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRA W) 169, 175

Japan 5, 37, 78, 217, 221, 231 abuse of 'comfort women'

166-7 Cambodia 26, 27, 32 1992 Reconstruction Conference

26, 32, 53 Jayakumar, S. 218 Jones, Sidney 11, 145, 185 JUSCANZ group 163

Ka Lahui Hawaii (Hawaii Nation) Movement 135

Kampuchea see Cambodia Khin, Zaw Win 132 Khmer Rouge see Cambodia

Index 249

Kiman, Uch 33 Kirby, Justice Michael 29, 30 Kiribati 67, 84, 107, 190, 220

UNDP 83 treaty membership 110, 112, 133

Kissinger, Henry 5, 228 Koh, Ambassador Tommy 16,

180, 202, 211

Laos human development indicators

74 human rights 130 narcotics 192 refugees 47, 49, 58 treaty membership 102, 130, 200 UNDP 72

Latin America 153 Law of the Sea 94, 111, 177,

181-3, 202 EEZ and Southeast Asia 181 and Migratory Species Convention

181 South China Sea 181 South Pacific 108, 190, 218

League of Nations 3 Licuanan, Dr Patricia 158 Limjuco, Ruth 168

McNamara, Dennis 37 Mahathir, Dato, Dr 73, 96, 120,

209, 217, 232 Mahbubani, K. 15 Malaysia

ALIRAN (Human Rights) 139 and Antarctica 209-10 Badawi, A 207, 210-11, 217 Bar Council of 139 and Bosnia 207, 210 environment 98-100 Fiji links 233 forests 233 human development indicators

74 human rights 130, 139, 141, 210 nuclear disarmament 209 refugees 48, 49, 51 UNDP 69-70 UN reform 216-17

UN peacekeeping 213, 215 UN Security Council 139, 214 treaty membership 102, 130,

192, 200 women 166 see also Mahathir

Mandela, Nelson 206 Manila Declarations

Asylum (1980) 59 Social Development (1994) 67,

76 Marker, Jamsheed 126 Marshall Islands 84, 163, 186,

190, 221, 229 decolonization 188 treaty membership 110, 112,

133, 200 UN programs 79

Mekong project 65, 72, 102 Mekong River Commission 72 Metzl, J. F. 33 'microstate' conditions 83-4 Micronesia 84 migrant workers 124, 139 Miles, Edward 183 Miriori, Martin 57 Mischief Reef 182 Mongella, Gertrude 162, 168

see also Fourth World Conference on Women

Montreal Protocol 97, 102, 112 multilateral diplomacy 197, 201-2, Muntarbhorn, Vitit 138 Musa Hitam, Datuk 141 Myanmar

and ASEAN 87 Aung San Suu Kwi 127, 131 Bo Mya (Karen leader) 55 human development indicators

74 human rights violations 127-8,

137 national minorities 55, 127, 208 National League for Democracy

140 narcotics 192 Rakhine state 56 and refugees 6, 46, 54-5, 60,

127-8, 207

250 Index

Myanmar - continued State Law and Order Council

(SLORC) 127, 132 UNDP 72 UNHCR 55-6 UN Human Rights reports on

127-8 and Thailand 55-6 treaty membership 102, 130, 192

Najib, Tun Razak 184 NATO 209 Nauru 10, 186, 190, 196, 220

treaty membership 110, 112, 133, 200

Netherlands 71, 205 New Caledonia 132, 158, 188 New Zealand 11, 71, 109, 113,

135, 163, 218 Peter Fraser 187 treaty membership 110, 112,

133, 200 UN peacekeeping 213-14

Niue 83, 107, 188 treaty membership 110, 112, 133

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 6, 181, 194, 207, 211, 215, 221, 229, 236

1992 Jakarta Summit 140, 157, 205

1994 Cairo Summit 209 Indonesia in 205, 209 and nuclear disarmament 209

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 7, 65, 70, 208, 233, 234-6

Cambodia 17, 53 disarmament 209 environment 136 human rights 121, 123, 126,

136-42, 185, 205, 208 and UN conferences 202 women 166-7

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 209

'North-South' divisions 86, 195, 232

over environment 94-5 and human rights 8, 123

at UN, 4, 6 see also 'Group of 77'

Ogata, Sadako 51 and Myanmar 127, 129 as UN High Commissioner

Refugees 60 Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) 68

Pacific Human Development Report 70, 80, 82

Pacific Island Association of Non­governmental Organizations (PIANGO) 111

Pacific island countries (PICs) 7, 103-5, 113

Palau 79, 83, 107, 188, 190 treaty membership 133

Papua New Guinea (PNG) 65, 86, 164, 186-7, 190, 196

Bougainville 51, 133, 220, 233 decolonization 188 deforestation 109 Free Papua Movement (OPM)

56 human development indicators

77 and Indonesia 56-7 refugees 46, 55, 57 treaty membership 110, 112,

133, 200 Peang-Meth, A 35, 41 Perez de Cuellar, Javier 18, 27 'Permanent Five' (PS) see UN

(main heading) Philippines

Citizen Armed Force Geographical Units (CAFGU) forces 128

Coalition of Women's Organizations 158

deforestation 98 human development indicators

73-4 Human Development Network

73 human rights 130-1, 137, 139,

208

Index 251

treaty membership 102, 130, 192, 200

UN peacekeeping 213 UN Security Council terms 218 UN reform 216-17

Portugal 203, 229 Pre Vihear 52

Qian, Quichen 182

Rabuka, Sitiveni 160, 219 see also Fiji

Ramos-Shahani, Leticia 158 Ratner, Stephen 31, 39 Razali, I. 97 refugees 6

asylum 44, 50 'Boat people' 46, 51 children 50, 52 1951 Convention on 6, 45-6,

49, 58-60, 191 CPA scheme 48-50, 57, 60, 62,

229-30 family reunification 50 Geneva conferences on 47-8 and Indo-China 46-54 Laos 47, 49 Myanmar 6, 56, 206 protection 49 Orderly Departure Program 4 7 repatriation 52 'screening out' 47-8, 62 Papua New Guinea 46 see also human rights

Rio Declaration on the Environment 97

Rockefeller Foundation 157 Rohingya muslims 55-6 Rohingya Solidarity Organization

56 Romania 122

Salas, Raphael 10 Samoa 67, 86, 103, 107-8, 186-7

human development indicators 77 treaty membership 110, 112,

133, 200 Sanderson, Colonel John 26, 33,

36, 41

see also Cambodia Shafie, Ghazali 180, 210 Shawcross, William 31, 38 Siazon, Domingo 10 Sims, Nicholas 2 Singapore 65, 86, 97, 83, 206

Hong, Mark 211 human development indicators

74 role in FOSS 211 Security Council membership

campaign 211, 218 treaty membership 102, 130, 200 UNDP 69 UN peacekeeping 213 and UN reform 216-18

Slade, Neroni 195 Small Island States' Conference

(Barbados 1994) 105-6, 219 Soedjatmoko 10 Solarz, Stephen 12 Solomon Islands 57, 67, 79, 86,

109, 186, 220 deforestation 107, 109 human development indicators

77 treaty membership 110, 112,

133 Somalia 26, 213-14 South Africa 163 South China Sea 181-2 South Korea 108 South Pacific 76, 87

biodiversity 104, 136 children 193 development needs 87-8 environmental conventions 110 governance 81-3 health 193 HIV/AIDS 85, 91, 170 land issues 79-81 national resources 107 natural disasters 111 needs of 'micro-states' 83 population issues 156-7 women's needs 79, 81, 88, 156,

193 South Pacific Applied Geoscience

Commission 108, 187

252 Index

South Pacific Commission 108, 193 South Pacific conference 80, 108

South Pacific Forum 7, 68, 156 decolonization issues 229 dialogue process 196 Economic Ministers 83 EEZ areas 190 environmental convention

membership 110, 112 Forum Fisheries Agency 108,

113, 186, 190; Niue Treaty 190

logging code of conduct 109, 112, 229

membership 169, 181 membership of human rights

conventions 133 and nuclear weapons testing

113-14 Tarawa Declaration (Driftnet

Fishing) 108 UN observer status 186 UN representation 110-11,

185, 196 Waigani Convention 109-10,

164, 190 South Pacific Regional Environmental

Program (SPREP) 103, 105, 109

conventions 103, 110 programs 106, 111

Southeast Asia deforestation rates of 98-9 economic conditions 68, 93 environment 73, 93, 96, 102,

103, 182 environmental agreement

accessions 102 and forest fires 93 headships in UN 3 human rights convention

membership 130 labor standards in 152-4, maritime issues 182-4 non-governmental activity 98,

100, 102-3, 162 refugees 45 regional cooperation 178-85 regional institutions 66-8, 100-3

urbanization 73, 184 waste management 183-4 Zone of Peace concept 179

'South/South' cooperation 157, 187

Soviet Union and Cambodia 14, 22 Gorbachev 1986 Vladivostok

speech 18 relations with Vietnam 16, 18, 53

structural adjustment 95, 171-2, 211

Suu Kyi, Aung San 127, 131 see also Myanmar

Suva Declaration on Sustainable Development 79

Sweden 3, 29, 72 Switzerland 3, 72 Szasz, Paul 102, 112

Tabai, I. 186 see also South Pacific Forum

Taiwan 108, 158, 220 Terre des Hommes 137 Teson, F. 141 Thailand

Bangkok Human Rights conferences 123, 140-1

and Cambodia 35, 101 deforestation 98-9 EEZ 181 fisheries 101 human development indicators

74 human rights 130 illegal trading 35, 101 and Myanmar 207 narcotics 192 refugees 47, 51-2, 55, 59, 60, 207 treaty membership 102, 130, 200 UNDP 72 UN peacekeeping 213 UN Security Council term 218

Tokelau 133, 188 Tonga 10, 79, 186, 196

treaty membership 110, 112, 133 transnational economic activity 6,

234 Trask, M. 135

Index 253

Tuvalu 10, 65, 67, 79, 83, 164, 186, 196

treaty membership 110, 112, 133

United Kingdom 3, 6, 14, 71, 72 United Nations (UN)

Agenda for Development 66 Agenda for Peace, An 9, 13, 39,

176, 180, 214 and Asia-Pacific 3, 5 Charter 4, 10, 20, 45, 96, 119,

123, 217-18 Commission on International

Trade Law 211 and decolonization 140, 188-9,

204, 219 Department of Humanitarian

Affairs 54, 111 Draft Declaration on Rights of

Indigenous Peoples 135 executive headships in 3 Economic and Social Council

68, 93, 121 financial arrears 1, 215 General Assembly 9, 12, 17-18,

52, 94, 188, 189, 208-9 organizational deficiencies 1, 169 peacekeeping operations 2, 13,

20, 27, 38, 106, 212-15 'Permanent Five' (P5) 13, 16,

25-6, 31-2, 34, 36, 38, 58, 231, 233

reform of the organization 2, 9, 216-18

Regional Commissions 68 relations with regional institutions

102, 11~ 177, 183-4, 191 Secretariat 19, 217 Secretary General 9, 18, 29,

54, 58, 203, 217, 220 Security Council 6, 9, 12, 20, 214 Trusteeship Council 187 see also UN Conferences

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 18, 75, 171

and Rights of the Child 75, 84, 85

South Pacific programs 84, 85, 168, 193

United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) see human rights

UN conferences Agenda 21 Review (New York

1997) 8, 94 Environment and Development

(UNCED, Rio 1992) 7, 94-6, 98, 10~ 103, 151, 15~ 169, 202

Human Rights (Vienna, 1993) 7, 151, 155, 207, 311, 222, 232-3

Human Settlements (Habitat, Istanbul 1996) 151, 196

Population and Development (Cairo, 1994) 7, 149, 151, 155-6, 196

Small Island States (Barbados, 1994) 105-6, 219

Social Summit (Copenhagen, 1995) 5, 76, 151, 206

Women (Beijing, 1995) 7, 149, 150-1, 162-6

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 14, 222

United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 167-70, 175

United Nations Development Program (UNDP) 54, 68-9, 192

'Consensus' of 1970 69 country strategy note 72 funding 68-9 Human Development Report

73, 154, 232 Indonesia 70, 87 Laos 72, Malaysia 69 Myanmar 72 resident coordinator role 72,

106 Singapore 69 South Pacific 78-82, 106, 193 sustainable human development

78-9, 87 Vietnam 71-2, 87

254 Index

United Nations Drug Control Program (UNDCP) 192

United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization (UNESCO)

Asian group in 177 in South Pacific 84, 85, 170, 218 in Southeast Asia 75, 183

United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) 95, 182-3

United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) 84, 156-7' 168, 171

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), office of 44-6, 51-3, 55, 58, 71, 207

'Conclusions' procedure 59 CPA scheme 48-50, 57, 60, 62,

229-30 Executive Committee 59 Hocke, J. P. 50, 62 operating principles 44, 46, 49 regional consultation 185, 191

United States 3, 4, 15, 19, 32, 47, 51-2, 95, 112, 138, 176, 211, 227

bilateralism 178 Clinton Administration and

refugees 55 Micronesian decolonization

188 pressure on small states 220 Reagan Administration 16, 71,

202, 222 UN payment arrears 1

Urquhart, Brian 2, 10, 234 U Thant 10

van Lierop, Robert 195 Vanuatu 79, 80, 107, 109, 164,

168 deforestation 109 human development indicators

77 treaty membership 110, 112,

133 Vatican 158, 162, 169 Vendrell, F. 134, 135

Vietnam 65 Buddhists 131 Cambodia 14-15, 19, 22, 36, 52 deforestation 98 Doi Muoi program 207 embargo on 71 HIV/AIDS 71 human development indicators

74 human rights 130, 137, 207 nationals in Cambodia 20, 25,

33, 37 refugees 46-7, 49-51, 58 rights of the child 207, 211 treaty membership 102, 130, 200 and UNDP 71-2 Vu Bach Mai 15 women 164

Waigani Convention 109-10, 164, 190

see also South Pacific Forum Waldheim, Kurt 18 Watters, Ray 76 Wee, Vivienne 152 Weiss, Thomas 3, 10 West European Grouping and

Others (WEOG) 177 women 72, 139

in Asia-Pacific 151-3, 155 Bali deliberation 157 Convention on Elimination of

Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 137, 152, 155, 161, 167

Gender-Empowerment Measure 154

Gender-Related Development Index 154-5

income 153, 157 Jakarta Plan of Action 1994

160-2, 171 in legislatures 165, 169 life expectancy 153 literacy rates 153 'mainstreaming' 169, 230 Manila Symposium on Women

(1993) 149, 152 in Melanesia 153

Index 255

muslim women, 1994 Aceh Declaration 157

Nairobi strategies 150, 156, 154, 158, 161, 171

reproductive rights 156, 162-3, 166, 168, 234

in South Pacific 153, 156, 159, 160, 164

see also Fourth World Conference on Women (FWCW)

World Bank 66, 70-2, 78, 86-8, 95, 108, 114

World Congress Against Sexual Exploitation of Children 75

World Food Program 17, 53, 86 World Health Organization

(WHO) 71, 75, 86, 194

Alma Ata Declaration 75, 86 and HIV/AIDS 192 in Southeast Asia 75, 192 South Pacific programs 85,

168 UNFPA links 168 Yanuca Declaration 85, 89

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 111

World Summit for Children (1990) 84-5

World Trade Organization (WTO) 194, 197, 235

World War II 3, 9, 167

Yugoslavia, former 6, 26

Zimbabwe 209