Sejarah TeknologiGavin Mackay

Dr.Ir.Hari G Soeparto MT,Email: hsoeparto@yahoo.com

Manajemen StrategisTeknologi

Stone Age

Mesolithic Neolithic

Fire Stone tools and weapons Clothing Outrigger boat technology Music Organized warfare Shift from Nomadic to settlement

Evidence – tools, cave paintings, and other prehistoric art

* No Written evidence

Copper and Bronze Age (3000 B.C.)

Neolithic included development of agriculture, animal domestication and permanent settlements

Need for metal smelting first copper then bronze

Iron Age

1200 B.C. Europe Middle East 600 B.C. in China Improved tools and weapons Last major step before written language

Ancient Civilizations

Egyptian Technology (3200 B.C. – 332 B.C.) Egyptian inventions ramp and lever Paper from papyrus Pottery Wheel (first thought to be invented in Iran in 4,000

B.C.) Introduced by foreign invaders and used by Egyptians

for chariots Also shipping and lighthouses developed

Chariot

Siege Weapon

Tribal Europe

1,000 – 500 B.C. German tribes in Bronze age Celts in Iron age Time of hellstat culture colliding with military

and agriculture practices of Romans

Ancient Greece (1,200 – 323 B.C.)

Heron of Alexander makes basic steam engine Archimedes screw Ballistag Crossbow to siege weapons Simple analog computers Antikytheric mechanism for calculation of

astronomical positions

Ancient Greece (cont’d)

150 – 100 B.C. Watermills, wind mills Global pioneers in three of the four known

means of nonhuman propulsion (4th is sail)

Archimedes

Watermill Windmill

Rome (750 B.C. – 500 A.D.)

Sophisticated agriculture Laws of individual ownership Advanced stone masonry technology Road building exceeded only in 19th century Military engineering, civil engineering Spinning and weaving Mechanical reaper (forgotten in dark ages) First to build amphitheatre, aquaducts, public baths Stone bridges, vaults and domes

Rome (cont’d)

Concentrated sand which contained cystalline grains and some buildings have lasted over 2,000 years

Urban Roman life included multi storey apartment blocks street paving, public flush toilets, glass windows and floor and wall heating

Some technologies lost in middle ages and reinvented in 19th and 20th centuries

Amphitheatre

India

Indus valley civilization 5,300 – 1,700 B.C. Early cities Takshasilla University (students from all over

Asia: Persians, Greek, Chinese) Perfumes Vegetable dyes

China (1,600 B.C.)

One Scottish researcher believes China made many first known discoveries

Seismological detecting machines, matches, paper, sliding calipers double action pistons pump, multi tube seed drill, the wheelbarrow, suspension bridges parachute, natural gas as fuel, magnetic compass, raised relief maps, propeller

Solid rocket fuel (1150)

Inca (Empire 1438 to 1538 AD)

Stone work (one ton piece) Irrigation canals Hydroponics

Maya (1200 B.C. – 900 AD)

No metallurgy or wheels invented but complex writing and astrological systems

Medieval

Medieval backward step but mechanical clocks, spectacles and vertical windmills

Renaissance

Age of exploration; European colonization of the Americas, Africa, Australasia

Rediscovered civil code

Industrial Revolution

Mid 18th and early 19th century Began in Britain and spread throughout the

world Manual labor replaced by industry and

manufacturing of machinery Started with textile industry, iron making and

use of coal as an energy fuel, transportation (canals, improved roads, railways, and steam power)

Steam Engine

Steam Locomotion

Steamship

19th Century

Iron clad steamships, machine tools Second industrial revolution with rapid

development in chemical, electrical, petroleum and steel technologies

History of Digital Computing

1940s (WW2) Parallel activities in USA, Britain and Germany

On valve driven digital computers although some decimal programming also designed

Transistors invented in USA in 1947 1890 Tabulation Machine company formed to cope

with census taking, this company became IBM Word processing introduced in 1970 allowing

operator users

Pengembangan Teknologi dilihat dari Perspektif Waktu

1. Teknologi Masa Kini2. Teknologi Mendatang3. Teknologi Baru4. Teknologi Masa depan5. Teknologi ‘Sun Rise’6. Teknologi Senja7. Teknologi Buntu

What Next?

4 Teknologi dimasa depan (James Canton Ph.D)

1. Teknologi Cyber

2. Biotech

3. Nanotech

4. Entertainment Technology

Teknologi Cyber

Internet Broadband makin berkembang Silico Life-Robotic Electronic Education

Biotech

Rekayasa genetika Kesehatan

Nanotech

Molecular Manufacturing Micro machines

Entertainment Technology

Virtual reality Participatory Entertainment 3 D