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SEISMIC ISOLATION

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION

IN JAPAN

Nobuyuki Mori

Nikken Sekkei Ltd

PROTA

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50

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1982

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2010

HOSPITAL CONDOMINIUM OTHERS

279

Database by JSSI

SEISMICALY ISOLATED BUILDINGS INCREASING

HANSHIN EQHANSHIN EQ

The first seismically isolated building in Japan completed PROTA

DESTRUCTIVE DESTRUCTIVE

EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE

DemonstrateDemonstrate

High PerformanceHigh Performance

ReputationReputation

MoreMore

ApplicationApplication

Minor DamageMinor Damage

Technical RefinementTechnical Refinement

RecognitionRecognition

SEISMIC ISOLATION DISCIPLIED BY EARTHQUAKE

OBTAIN TRUST FROM THE SOCIETY

PROTA

PROOF OF EFFICIENCY IN 1995 KOBE EARTHQUAKE

WEST BUILDING of Ministry of Communication

A base isolated six-storied building at north district of

Kobe City

1st FL

6th FL

Foundation Mat Level : ααααmax = 300 cm/s2

1st Floor Level : ααααmax = 106 cm/s2

6th Floor Level : ααααmax = 103 cm/s2

Figures from Earthquake Resistant Building by Nikkei BPPROTA

SUPPORT FOR IMPLEMENTATION (1)

DESIGN APPRAISAL SYSTEM

✓✓✓✓ Technical appraisal by authorized specialists committee based on the latest lessons of earthquakes.

✓✓✓✓ Mandatory to obtain building permit for buildings including seismically isolated ones that have to be

designed with time history earthquake response analysis.

✓✓✓✓ Guidelines /specifications for verifying performance by time history response analysis have been

established by the committees.

✓✓✓✓ Basic rules for design are stipulated but philosophy of design engineer is regarded.

✓✓✓✓ Maintenance plan is required.

ALTERNATIVE SIMPLE DESIGN PROCEDURE

Enhance accountability and reliability of

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Structural design of seismically isolated buildings meeting with certain conditions

✓✓✓✓ shall conform response spectrum analysis procedure and relevant design code but

✓✓✓✓ no needs for applying above special design appraisal but checked by building authorities in normal

procedure.Generalization and popularization of

SEISMICALLY ISOLATED BUILDINGSPROTA


QUALIFICATION SYSTEM OF DEVICES

✓✓✓✓ Technical review by authorized specialists committee such as the Japan Society of Seismic

Isolation.

✓✓✓✓ Confirmation of key characteristics of products.

for Isolators and dampers:

shape /configuration and sizes

vertical load bearing performance, stiffness, compressive/tensile strength

lateral stiffness, ultimate lateral strain

temperature/strain dependency and change on standing of characteristics

tolerance in production

✓✓✓✓ Qualified products are released to public.

✓✓✓✓ Design engineers can perform structural design including parametric study based on the

released data of variation of characteristic values.

Enhance accountability and reliability of

PRODUCTS

PROTA


ESTABLISHING FRAMEWORK FOR MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION

OWNER DESIGN ENGINEER

Conduct regular, immediate and detail inspection.

Conduct special inspection in case of renewal.

Contractor(s) or specialty inspecting agencies are

assigned.

INSPECTING ORGANIZATIONMAINTENANCE

AGENCY

consultation

report

proposal for remedyconsultation

commission

commission

report

request for

immediate inspection

report and proposal for remedy

Reference document, “USER’S MANNUAL” is prepared by JSSI PROTA

PROVIDING INSTALLATION FOR MAINTENANCE

Product specimen provided in the building to monitor

aging deterioration and

change in property due to fire or submergence

Movement during earthquake action is

recorded to

provide basic data for exchanging

dampers

PROTA

DEVELOPPING VARIETY OF DEVICES （（（（1））））

LAMINATED RUBBER BEARING

NATURAL Rubber Laminate

HIGH-DAMPING Rubber Laminate

STEEL/RUBBER

LAMINATE

STEEL/RUBBER

LAMINATE

LEAD PLUG

with LEAD PLUG(S)

ISOLATORS （（（（Laminated Rubber Bearing））））

PROTA

SLIDE BEARING

SLIDING SHOE SLIDING SHOE + LRB

Sliding Table

Sliding Plate (e.g. teflon)

Laminated Rubber

Bearing

CROSS LINEAR SLIDER MULTIPLE BALL BEARING

ROLL BEARING

CROSS LINEAR SLIDER SINGLE BALL BEARING SINGLE BALL BEARING

ON CURVED SURFACE

ISOLATORS （（（（SLIDE/ROLL BEARING））））


PROTA

DAMPERS

HYSTERESIS DAMPERS

FRICTIONAL DAMPERS

OIL DAMPAERS

VISCOUS DAMPAERS

LEAD DAMPER

STEEL DAMPER


PROTA

INCREASING VARIETY OF APPLICATION ( 1 )

✓✓✓✓ ENHANCED PERFORMANCE for ESSENTIAL FACILITIES

✓✓✓✓ SEISMIC UPGRADING of EXISTING BUILDINGS

✓✓✓✓ SEISMIC RETROFITTING of HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

✓✓✓✓ PROTECTION of VALUABLE GOODS in BUILDINGS

✓✓✓✓ MIDDLE STORY ISOLATION in MIXED-USE BUILDINGS

✓✓✓✓ 3-D ISOLATION

PROTA

Variety of DevicesINCREASING VARIETY OF APPLICATION ( 2 )

Application to Essential Facilities

Osaka City Hall Yamanashi Pref. Hospital

National/local governments stipulate that important/hazardous public facilities shall have enhanced seismic

strength.

It is recognized that performance of seismically isolated building is equivalent to the highest earthquake

resistance required by the stipulation

PROTA

Variety of DevicesINCREASING VARIETY OF APPLICATION ( 3 )

Retrofitting Historical Buildings

International Library of Children’s Literature

PROTA

INCREASING VARIETY OF APPLICATION ( 4 )

Middle Story Isolation in Mixed-use Buildings

IIDABASHI FIRST BUILDING/TOKYO

SHIODOME SUMITOMO BUILDING/TOKYO

PROTA

SHIODOME SUMITOMO BUILDING

LARGE ATRIUM

MIDDLE STORY

ISOLATION

・・・・ISOLATORS: Laminated natural rubber isolators 1000 - 1300φφφφ: 41 nos.

・・・・DAMPERS: Lead dampers: 100 nos. Steel rod dampers: 14 nos.

・・・・MASS RATIO (mass of upper structure / total mass above ground) : 0.68

・・・・DAMPER YIELD RATIO (damper yield force / total weight above ground) : 0.033PROTA

LOWER LEVEL FLOORS

for HOTEL

VERTICAL BRACE

ATRIUM COLUMNS (resisting axial force only)

FRAMING PLAN Upper floors plan is drastically

different from that in lower floors.

Intensive irregularity in plan exists

in lower floors.

UPPER LEVEL FLOORS

for OFFICE

PROTA

Office

Atrium Hotel

Office

Atrium

Seismic

Isolation

Interface

39.5m 109.6m

125.9m

115.9m

Rubber bearing (1000φφφφ) Lead damper Steel damperPROTA

Upper structure

Isolation story

Lower structure

DESIGN CONCEPT Middle-Story Isolation introduces mass-damper

effects

In Upper Structures,

high seismic performances as those in normal seismically

isolated buildings are realized.

In Lower Structures,

due to the mass damper effect of the upper structure, the

responses in the lower structures are also reduced

remarkably and high flexibility in architectural/structural

planning becomes possible.

as Middle-story Isolation makes it easy to adopt different

types of structural systems for upper and lower parts of a

building, optimum combination of structural systems to

suit the different use of each part becomes possible.

In Mixed-Use Buildings,

PROTA

PERIOD IN SECOND

VE

LO

CIT

Y I

N C

M/S

0.1 0.5 1 5 10

1000

500

100

50

10

＋ K1-WAVE＊ K2-WAVE■ K3-WAVE

K3-WAVE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Qmax(kN)

Floor

With isolation layer

Without isolation layer

Elastic limit resistance

25F

20F

12F

10F

5F

1F

Lower structure

Isolationlayer

Upper structure

Maximum story shear force Qmax (kN)

REDUCTION

EFFECTS OF ISOLATION

MAXIMUM RESPONSE STORY SHEAR

FLOOR

PROTA

SEISMIC ISOLATION in PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC DESIGN （（（（1））））

TARGET PERFORMANCE & PERFORMANCE GRADE

supposed damage for

frequent seismic action moderate seismic action mega EQ action

probability of being exceeded in 50 years

Seismic

Performance

Grade

80 % 10 % 5 %

Applicable building

SU PR EM E No Damage

Fully Functional

No Damage

Fully Functional

Facilities which need

special consideration

H IG H

No Damage

Fully Functional

No Damage

Fully Functional

Slight Damage

Main Function Secured

Base facilities for

disaster prevention

M IDDL E

No Damage

Fully Functional

No Damage

Fully Functional

Small Damage

Limited Function Secured

Facilities which need

damage control

M INIM UM

No Damage

Fully Functional

Slight Damage

Main Function Secured

Moderate Damage

Life Safety Secured

General facilities

TBD

Grade setting by JSCA but modified by Nikken Sekkei

However, the target is not the performance of structures

but the performance of buildings!! PROTA

WHY SEISMIC ISOLATION ?


EARTHQUAKE RESITANT

BUILDING

EARTHQUAKE RESITANT BUILDING +

FURNITURE & NON-BUILDING

COMPONENTS FIXED OR TIED

SEISMICALLY ISOLATED

BUILDING

PROTA

SUPREME GRADE

HIGH GRADE

MIDDLE GRADE

MINIMUM GRADE

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

BUILDING HEIGHT ((((m))))

ORDINARY SEISMIC

RESISTANCE SYSTEM

SEISMIC CONTROL SYSTEM

SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM

SE

ISM

IC P

ER

FO

RM

AN

CE

GR

AD

E

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM and SEISMIC PERFORMANCE GRADE


PROTA

DESIGN GROUND MOTION（（（（1））））

Ground Motion for Time History Analysis

✓✓✓✓ Ground Motion Records of Past Earthquakeｓｓｓｓ（（（（H/V））））

ENTRO, TAFT, HACHINOHE/JAPAN, B

✓✓✓✓ Simulated Motion with Stipulated Response Spectrum

5% damped acceleration response spectrum is given at engineering

bedrock is stipulated.

Amplification by the surface soil shall be considered.

✓✓✓✓ Site Specific Simulated Motion （（（（H/V））））

Appropriate modeling of ground motion is the keykeykeykey-issueissueissueissue in

designing seismically isolated buildings.

→→→→ destructive shaking caused by

INLAND NEAR FIELD EARTHQUAKES

→→→→ long-period, and long-lasting shaking caused by

MEGA EARTHQUAKESPROTA


SITE SPECIFIC GROUND MOTION SIMULATION METHOD

DEVELOPPED BY NIKKEN SEKKEI

SOURCE FAULT

SEISMIC BEDROCK

SEDIMENTARY

LAYER

BUILDING

Fault Scale & Form of Slip Source Characteristics

Distance from Source to Site Propagation Characteristics

propagate

Stiffness & Thickness of Sedimentary Layer Amplification Characteristics

reflected in

simulation

PROTA


AN EXAMPLE OF SITE SPECIFIC GROUND MOTION SIMULATION

SELECTED SITE

for

MODEL PROJECT

OVERVIEW OF PLATE TECTONICS

PROTA

THREE TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES TO BE STUDIED

TYPE-A

INLAND NEAR FIELD

EARTHQUAKE

M = 6.5 to 7

Caused by undetected

fault in the vicinity of

the site

TYPE-B

SOUTH KANTO

EARTHQUAKE

M = 7.9

Caused by predicted

active fault near the site

TYPE-C

SUCCESSIVE THREE MEGA-

EARTHQUAKES COMBINED

M = 8.0, 8.2, 8.6

Caused by successive slip of

large scale faults.

ASSUMED SITE LOCATION

PROTA

RESULTS OF SIMULATION – 5 % DAMPED ACCELERATION

RESPONSE SPECTRUM

TYPE-A

INLAND NEAR FIELD

EARTHQUAKE

TYPE-B

SOUTH KANTO

EARTHQUAKE

TYPE-C

THREE MEGA-EARTHQUAKES

COMBINEDPROTA

RESULTS OF SIMULATION – ACCELEROGRAM

TYPE-A INLAND NEAR-FIELD EARTHQUAKE

TYPE-B SOUTH KANTO EARTHQUAKE

TYPE-C THREE MEGA-EARTHQUAKES COMBINED

PROTA

RESULTS OF SIMULATION – ACCELEROGRAM IN OTHER DISTRICTS

OSAKA in 3-MEGA EQ

-3.0

0.0

3.0T

OP

DIS

P.

(m)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

-3.0

0.0

3.0

TO

P D

ISP

.

(m)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

-3.0

0.0

3.0

TO

P D

ISP

.

(m)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

-3.0

0.0

3.0

TO

P D

ISP

.

(m)

-4.0

0.0

4.0

GR

OU

ND

AC

CE

LER

AT

ION

(m/s

ec2 )

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

-3.0

0.0

3.0

TO

P D

ISP

.

(m)

-4.0

0.0

4.0

GR

OU

ND

AC

CE

LER

AT

ION

(m/s

ec2 )

-3.0

0.0

3.0

TO

P D

ISP

.

(m)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

-3.0

0.0

3.0

TO

P D

ISP

.

(m)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

-3.0

0.0

3.0

TO

P D

ISP

.

(m)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

(sec)

NAGOYA in 3-MEGA EQ

15-SORIES

T1 = 1.5 sec

60-SORIES

T1 = 6.0 sec

45-SORIES

T1 = 4.5 sec

30-SORIES

T1 = 3.0 sec

PROTA

2011 OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE

SOURCE

FAULT ZONEISHINOMAKI

0

600

400

200

-200

-400

-600

NS max = 450 cm/s2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

sec

1st Shock 2nd Shock

Accelerogram at ISHINOMAKI

Occurred on 11 March, 2011

Mw = 9.0

Hypocentral Depth = 24 km

PROTA

2011.MAR.11 TOHOKU2011.MAR.11 TOHOKU

1995.JAN.17 KOBE1995.JAN.17 KOBE

GROUND MOTION COMPARISON KOBE 1995 vs TOHOKU 2011

PROTA

ISHINOMAKI RED-CROSS HOSPITAL

PROTA

FLOODED

AREA

ISHINOMAKI

REDCROSS

HOSPITAL

PROTA

ISHINOMAKI REDCROSS HOSPITAL

Building/Gross Floor Area : 10,173 / 32,486 sqm 7 stories above grade with 1 basement floor

Building Height : 21.4 m Steel structure with base isolation

Designed by Nikken Sekkei Ltd Construction Period : Aug. 2004 －－－－ Feb. 2006

Contractor: Kajima Corp.

Red-cross Plaza Emergency

Treatment

Mechanical RM

Dialysis Center

Electrical RM.

Sickroom

Management

Outpatient Diagnosis RM

Clinical Record

Storage

Isolation Space

Elevated Ground Level to prepare for flood by Kitakami RiverPROTA

ISHINOMAKI REDCROSS HOSPITAL

Sliding Shoe+NRB

below 1st Basement

NRB

below

1st Basement

Sliding Shoe+NRB

below

Ground Floor

U-type Steel DamperU-type Steel Damper

FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD : T = 1.45 sec for initial stiffness

= 3.73 sec for large displacement under very rare earthquakes

= 5.39 sec by the stiffness of isolators only

ISOLATION SPACE PLAN PROTA

6th Floor Soon After the Shock

Estimated Floor Response: 0.15 G max.

No overturning of important M/E or medical

appliances.

Documents on desks and in shelves slide down to

floors.

No human injury.

Medical Function was resumed soon after immediate

arrangement.

PROTA

600

400

200

-200

-400

-600

NS max = 450 cm/s2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

sec

1st Shock 2nd Shock

Accelerogram at ISHINOMAKI

PROTA

Closing Remarks

✓✓✓✓ Seismic Isolation continue achieving sucsess in Japan based on experiences of disastrous earthquakes.

✓✓✓✓ Special appraisal system and other social system help the development of seismic isolation in Japan.

✓✓✓✓ Public approval system of devices facilitate to increase variety of products and enhance their reliability.

✓✓✓✓ Under these favorable circumstances, seismic isolation in Japan has been achieving variety of applica-

tions and new systems such as middle-story isolation.

✓✓✓✓ The most important features of seismic isolation is that seismically isolated buildings are not only safe

but also able to remain functional even after intense seismic actions.

✓✓✓✓ Therefore, seismic isolation is one of the most important key to the performance based seismic design.

✓✓✓✓ On the other hand, continuing R&D activities are highly required to find stable solution to the new

problems including long period and long duration ground motions.

✓✓✓✓ Seismically isolated buildings can be the last resort for sustainable society as in case of

Ishinomaki Red-Cross Hospital.

PROTA

E N D

Thank you for your kind attention

PROTA

SEISMIC ISOLATION for print - protamuhendislik.com.tr · DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKE Demonstrate High...

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