SEEMP - Semantic Aspects and Interoperability

Semantic Aspects and

Interoperability

Boris Villazón-Terrazas1, Asunción Gómez-Pérez1, Jaime Ramírez1, and Mick Kerrigan2

1 Ontology Engineering Group. Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial

Facultad de Informática Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Campus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain

2 DERI, University of Innsbruck

Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

2

o ES

EURES ES (Int)

g ES

Lombard ES (It)

q ES

r ES

p ES

a ES

c ES

i ES

n ES

e ES

h ES

l ES

f ES d

ES

m ES

Wallonia ES (Be)

b ES

J K

K L Private ES (Int)

Catalonia ES (Es)

Scenario

ES

LEGENDA

CandCand..CandCand..

VacanVacan..VacanVacan..

VacanVacan..VacanVacan.. CandCand..CandCand..


CandCand..CandCand..VacanVacan..VacanVacan..




Employment Service

Job Seeker’s Candidacy

Employer Job Vacancy

3

Table of Contents 1. Reference Ontology

ES

ES

ES

ES

ES ES

ES

Reference Ontology

?

2. Local Ontologies

3. Mappings Local Ontologies - ES Data Sources

4. Mappings Reference Ontology - Local Ontologies

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

MM

M

M

MM

M

4

ISCO-88 (COM), ONET,

EURES taxonomy, FOET, ISCED97, NACE, ISO 4217,

ISO 3166, ISO 6392, HR-XML, …

RDF(S) OWL

Repositories & libraries

ES Data Sources

Building Reference Ontology

Reference Ontology

Building Local

Ontologies

Local Ontologies

Building Mappings L.O. - ES

Data Sources

Mappings L.O. - ES

Data Sources

Building Mappings R.O. - L.O.

Mappings R.O. - L.O.

5

Methodology

Prune

Extend

Specialize

Conceptualize Evaluate Implement

WSML

RDF(S)

OWL

Integrate Use

Knowledge Acquisition

Import

Evaluate ISCO-88 (COM),

ONET, EURES taxonomy, FOET, ISCED97, NACE, ISO 4217,

ISO 3166, ISO 6392, HR-XML, …


RDF(S) OWL


Selection

Import

Specify

6

Specification of the Reference Ontology 60 Competency questions grouped into 5 categories n  Job Seeker (12) n  Job Offer (12) n  Time and date management (7) n  Currencies (4) n  General (25)

Reference Ontology Construction

Given the job offer profile (job, contract type, salary, work condition) and the required profile to seek (required education level, required work

experience, required knowledge, required skills), what job seekers are the most appropriate?

Classes: Contract Type, Compensation, Work Condition, Job Seeker, Job Offer … Relations: has job category, has compensation, requires work experience … Attributes: Name, date of birth, email …

Each organization has job offers for job seekers

Vocabulary: Questions: contract type, salary, work condition, job seeker, job offer, … Answers: autonomous, 3000 euro, holliday job, …

7

Methodology

Prune

Extend

Specialize


WSML

RDF(S)

OWL

Integrate Use


Import

Evaluate ISCO-88 (COM),

ONET, EURES taxonomy, FOET, ISCED97, NACE, ISO 4217,

ISO 3166, ISO 6392, HR-XML, …


RDF(S) OWL


Import

Specify

Selection

8

Standards and Taxonomies Selection n  We select the most appropriate standards and taxonomies for:

n  Occupation Classification ISCO-88 (COM), SOC, ISCO-88, ONET,Eures Taxonomy

n  Classification of Economic Activities ISIC Rev. 3.1, NACE Rev. 1.1, NAICS

n  Apprenticeship classifications ISCED 97, FOET

n  Currency Classification ISO 4217

n  Geography Classification ISO 3166

n  Language Classification ISO 6392

n  Driving License Classification European Legislation

n  Skill Classification Eures Taxonomy

n  Contract Types Classification LE FOREM, Eures and BLL Classification

n  Work Condition Classification LE FOREM, Eures and BLL Classification

n  The IDABC1 identifies as one of the successsful factors at facilitating the development of pan-European interoperable information systems:

n  “Identify, reuse and extend existing assets (taxonomies, thesauri, etc.)”

Reference Ontology Construction

(1) -> IDABC Content Interoperability Strategy. Working paper. Sep 2005. pag 6

9

Methodology

Prune

Extend

Specialize


WSML

RDF(S)

OWL

Integrate Use


Import



ISO 3166, ISO 6392, HR-XML, …


RDF(S) OWL


Import

Specify

Selection Evaluate

10

Evaluating Time Ontologies Building Reference Ontology

1. Using the competency questions, we have identified temporal properties n  When the job seeker completed his/her first degree? n  Is the job seeker older than 30 years? n  How much time did the job seeker spend completing his/her first degree? n  How long is the duration of the contract? n  Which job offers were posted in last 24 hours? n  Which job offers were posted in last 7 days? n  Which job offers were posted in last month?

Different temporal granularities

Concatenation of intervals

Explicit modeling of proper intervals

Distinction between open and closed intervals

Convex and non convex intervals

Relations between time intervals

Absolute and Relative Time

Time Interval

Time Points

2. Result : DAML Time Ontology Cyc’s Upper

Ontology

Unrestricted Time

Ontology

Simple Time

Ontology

Reusable Time

Ontology

Kestrel Time

Ontology

SRI’s Time

Ontology

SUMO Time Ontology

DAML Time Ontology

AKT Time Ontology

Time Points

Time Interval

Absolute and Relative Time

Relations between time intervals

Convex and non convex intervals

Distinction between open and closed intervals

Explicit modeling of proper intervals

Concatenation of intervals

Different temporal granularities

Provides axioms

11

Methodology

Prune

Extend

Specialize

Evaluate Implement

WSML

RDF(S)

OWL

Integrate Use


Import



ISO 3166, ISO 6392, HR-XML, …


RDF(S) OWL


Import

Specify

Selection Evaluate

Conceptualize

12

Reference Ontology

Labour

Regulatory Ontology

Skill Ontology

Language Ontology

Occupation Ontology

Geography Ontology

Time

Ontology

Education Ontology

Driving License

Ontology

Compensation Ontology

Economic Activity

Ontology

Job Offer Ontology

Job Seeker Ontology

has work condition / is associated with

has contract type / is associated with is located in /

has activity sector /

is associated with

has nationality from / is nation of

resides in / is residence of

has salary /

has contract type / is associated to

has work condition / is associated to

has location / is associated with

has

activ

ity s

ecto

r /

is a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

has

activ

ity s

ecto

r /

is a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

LE FOREM + BLL + EURES

EURES

ISO 6392

CEF ISCO-88 COM

ONET

EURES

ISO 3166

EURES

DAML Time Ontology

FOET

ISCED97

NACE Rev. 1.1

European Legislation

ISO 4217

Ad hoc wrapper

External Sources

is associated with

is associated to has date of birth / is date of birth of

has begin date /

is begin date of

Competence Ontology

subClass-Of

subClass-Of

requires competence /

is associated with


13

Job Seeker and Job Offer

Candidacy

Offered Work Experience

Objective

ICT Objective

Job Seeker

Vacancy

Organization

Requested Work Experience

ICT Vacancy

Job Vacancy

Competence

Education

Language

Contract Type

Compensation

Work Condition

Occupation

Sector

Location

Country

Computing Professionals

has candidacy/ belongs to

has objective / belongs to

subClass-Of

has job category

is associated with

subClass-Of

has nationality from / is nation of

resides in / is residence of

has mother language / is mother tongue of

speaks / is spoken by

has competence / is competence of

has education / is education of

has work experience / belongs to

has

wor

k co

nditi

on /

is

ass

ocia

ted

to


has

cont

ract

typ

e /

is a

ssoc

iate

d to

ha

s co

mpe

nsat

ion

/ is

ass

ocia

ted

to

is a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith /

ha

s lo

catio

n

has activity sector / is associated with


has job category /

is associated with

has job category /

is associated with

has job vacancy/ belongs to

has location / is location of

has vacancy/ belongs to

subClass-Of

has job category / is associated with

is associated with / requires work experience


has job category/ is associated with

requires education / is associated with

requires competence / is associated with

has work condition / is associated with

has contract type / is associated with has compensation /

is associated with

is located in / is associated with

has job category/ is associated with


Job Offer Ontology

Job Seeker Ontology

Occupation Ontology

Language Ontology

Education Ontology

Competence Ontology

Labour Regulatory Ontology

Compensation Ontology

Geography Ontology

Economic Activity

Ontology

14

Conceptualization

Representation Ontology: WSML

General/Common Ontologies: Time, Geography, Language

Domain O.: Economic Activity, Occupation, Education, Skill, Driving License, Compensation, Labour Regulatory, Competence

Application Domain O. : Job Seeker, Job Offer

-

+

Reusability

-

+ Usability

Modular approach for ontology construction


15

Semiautomatic Ontology Construction

Oracle DB HTML MS Access ISCO-88 (COM) EURES Taxonomy ONET

Prune

Integrate

Occupation Ontology


Ad hoc wrapper

WSML exporter

Extend

Specialize

16



ISO 3166, ISO 6392, HR-XML, …

RDF(S) OWL


ES Data Sources


Reference Ontology

Building Local

Ontologies

17

Local Ontologies Building Process n  Option 1:Building Local Ontologies from the Reference Ontology.

Reference Ontology

Specialize

Extend

Resultant Local Ontology

Building Local Ontologies

Prune

n  Option 2:Building Local Ontologies as a reverse engineering process from ES Data Sources.

ES Data Sources

Reverse Engineering

Resultant Local Ontology

18

Comparison between the options Option 1: Building Local Ontologies from the Reference Ontology.

Option 2: Building Local Ontologies as a reverse engineering process from ES Data Sources.

Mappings between Local Ontologies and Reference Ontology

Mappings are not complex. They use the same terms.

Complex mappings due to terminology heterogeneity.

Mappings between Local Ontologies and ES schema sources

Complex mappings due to terminology and structural heterogeneity.

Mappings are not complex. They use the same terms.

Building process Structured/guided by the architecture of the Reference Ontology and scoped with applications needs.

Requires more sophistication of knowledge engineering and good acquaintance of all the data and their structures of the application.


Changes in the Reference Ontology

Imply changes in · the mappings between local and reference ontologies. · the mappings between the local ontologies and the ES schema sources. · the Local Ontology.

Imply changes in · the mappings between Local Ontologies and the Reference Ontology.

Changes in the ES schema sources

Imply changes in · its Local Ontology (probably the part that is not a mirror of the Reference Ontology). · the mappings between Local Ontologies and ES schema sources. · in the mappings between Local Ontology and the Reference Ontology.

Imply changes in · the Local Ontologies. · in mappings between ES sources and Local Ontologies. · mappings between local and the Reference Ontology.

19

Approach followed by SEEMP for building Local Ontologies

A hybrid approach


Reference Ontology

Job Offer

Job Seeker Ontology

Reverse Engineering

Skill Education

Economic Activity

Occupation Ontology

Local Ontology

ES Occupation Taxonomy

Integrate

n  Option 1 for Job Seeker and Job Offer Ontologies

n  Option 2 for Occupation, Education, etc.

20



ISO 3166, ISO 6392, HR-XML, …

RDF(S) OWL


ES Data Sources


Reference Ontology

Building Local

Ontologies

Local Ontologies

Building Mappings L.O. - ES

Data Sources

Mappings L.O. - ES

Data Sources

Building Mappings R.O. - L.O.

Mappings R.O. - L.O.

21

SEEMP Connector Architecture

PES Exposed PES Web Services

XML

Exposed Connector Web Services

XML

WSML (Local Ontology)

WSML (Reference Ontology)

Exposed Connector Web Services

EMPAM Exposed EMPAM Web Services

WSML (Reference Ontology)

Data Mediator

XML to WSML Converter

Mediation Mappings Mappings

WSMT

X2O Mappings

Mappings

XMapster Mapping Editor

Building Mappings Local Ontologies – Reference Ontology

Reference Ontology

Local Ontology

22

Tools for Creating and Testing Mappings Building Mappings Local Ontologies – Reference Ontology

23

1. Reference Ontology

ES

2. Local Ontologies

3. Mappings Local Ontologies - ES Data Sources

4. Mappings Reference Ontology - Local Ontologies

ES

ES

ES

ES

ES ES

ES

Reference Ontology

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

Data Sources

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

MM

M

M

MM

M

Semantic Aspects and

Interoperability

Boris Villazón-Terrazas1, Asunción Gómez-Pérez1, Jaime Ramírez1, and Mick Kerrigan2

1 Ontology Engineering Group. Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial

Facultad de Informática Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Campus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain

2 DERI, University of Innsbruck

Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

SEEMP - Semantic Aspects and Interoperability

Technology

Transcript of SEEMP - Semantic Aspects and Interoperability