Seed Quality

Variety life span

Value Shifts ContinueNo longer just a seed…

Planting unitTechnologyVigorProtectionFiber QualityAdditional Traits

$$FRONT END LOADED!!

IT ALL BEGINS WITH THE SEED

www.aragriculture.org/farmplanning/budgets/default.asp

Cost of Technology –North Arkansas

B2RF - $56.24BGRR- $41.93Flex - $43.76B2LL - $50.40

South ArkansasB2RF - $69.68BGRR- $54.20Flex - $48.00B2LL - $56.40

$15 - 20 more to add 1sd/ft

Standard Germination Test Standard Germination Test

Temperature alternates between 20C (68F) for 16 hours and 30C (86F) for 8

hours.

Cool Germination Test Cool Germination Test

Temperature constant 18C (64.4F)

Cool Germination Test Cool Germination Test <50 poor50-65 acceptable, use

special care65-80 good>80 superior

SOIL TEMPERATURE < 65 = 755 DAY FORECAST - COLDER & WETTER= 50SEED QUALITY - COLD GERM < 59% = 75FIELD HISTORY - SEVERE DISEASE = 100TILLAGE - MINIMUM TILLAGE = 50ROW PREPARATION - BEDS ABSENT = 75SEEDING RATE - 3-4/FOOT OF ROW = 100 IF TOTAL EXCEEDS 100 THEN USE AN IN-

FURROW FUNGICIDE - TENNESSEE; 200 - NORTH CAROLINA

Keith Edmisten, NCSU, 1999

Plants/ft Lint lb/A

Black Seed+Disyston1 1.47 c 807 b

Treated Seed+Disyston 1.87 bc 819 b

Treated Seed+Temik2 1.97 bc 923 ab

Treated Seed+Disyston TSX3

2.37 ab 975 a

Treated Seed+Temik + TSX

2.77 a 939 a

LSD0.10 0.72 118

CV(%) 27.3 10.5

1.1. Account for Account for field field VARIATIONVARIATION..

2.2. Help Help determine if determine if results are results are REPEATABLREPEATABLEE..

Soil ASoil ASoil B

Soil CSoil C

Soil DSoil DV

ar

AV

ar

A

3 varieties, 1 replication, moduled plots3 varieties, 1 replication, moduled plotsV

ar

BV

ar

B

Var

CV

ar

C

1.1. Account for Account for field field VARIATIONVARIATION..

2.2. Help Help determine if determine if results are results are REPEATABLREPEATABLEE..

Soil ASoil ASoil BSoil B

Soil CSoil C

Soil DSoil DV

ar

A,

Rep

1

Var

C,

Rep

1V

ar

A,

Rep

2V

ar

B,

Rep

2V

ar

C,

Rep

2

Var

B,

Rep

1

Long, narrow plots are bestLong, narrow plots are best

3 varieties, 2 replications

1.1. Account for Account for field field VARIATIONVARIATION..

2.2. Help Help determine if determine if results are results are REPEATABLREPEATABLEE..

Soil ASoil ASoil BSoil B

Soil CSoil C

Soil DSoil DV

ar

A,

Rep

1

Var

C,

Rep

1V

ar

A,

Rep

2V

ar

B,

Rep

2V

ar

C,

Rep

2

Var

B,

Rep

1

Long, narrow plots are bestLong, narrow plots are best

3 varieties, 3 replicationsV

ar

A,

Rep

3 Var

C,

Rep

3V

ar

B,

Rep

3

Seed Co. % Market Share

Brand NC SC GA

Deltapine 36 72 90

Stoneville 29 8 1

Phytogen 26 6 5

Americot 1 10 5

Dyna-Gro 6 4 0

Fibermax <1 <1 3

Reference: USDA-AMS

NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA

PHY 375WRF – 21 % DPL 555BR – 31% DPL 555BR – 83%

ST 4427B2RF – 11% DPL 0935B2RF – 15% PHY 370WR – 3%

ST 4554B2RF – 10% AM 1550B2RF – 10% DPL 0935B2RF – 3%

DPL 0935B2RF – 8% DPL 0949B2RF – 7% DPL 0949B2RF – 2%

DPL 0924B2RF – 7% DPL 0924B2RF – 6% ST 5458B2RF – 1%

DPL 555BR – 6% DPL 455BR – 4% PHY 480WR – 1%

DG 2570B2RF – 6% DPL 161B2RF – 4% FM 1740B2F – 1 %

ST 5327B2RF – 4% DG 2570B2RF – 4% PHY 485WRF – 1 %

ALL OTHERS – 27% ALL OTHERS – 19% ALL OTHERS – 5%Reference: USDA-AMS

NO. OF SE % OF TRIALS % OF TRIALS % OF TRIALS

VARIETY OVT TRIALS TOP 25% TOP 50% TOP 75%

DPL 454 BR 127 72 90 98

DG 2570B2RF 14 71 93 100

DPL 555 BR 205 65 88 96

MN 09R621B2RF 14 64 86 93

DPL 515BR 75 59 80 93

DPL 455 BR 144 58 89 98

DPL 0935B2RF 48 58 71 90

DPL 0920B2RF 14 57 93 100

DPL 0912B2RF 14 57 93 100

PHY 370WR 99 53 80 98

http://www.ncovt.com

Variety Lint Yield % Open UHM Mike

PHY367WRF 1364** 48 1.15 4.4 DP0920B2RF 1331* 45 1.15 5.0

DP0912B2RF 1328* 45 1.12 5.1

DG2570B2RF 1328* 39 1.14 4.8

FM1740B2F 1314* 50 1.15 4.8

DP0924B2RF 1310* 32 1.13 4.8

09R621B2R2 1305* 31 1.16 4.7

AM1550B2RF 1304* 43 1.14 4.6

ST5458B2RF 1304* 38 1.13 5.0

ST5288B2F 1289* 44 1.14 5.0

PHY375WRF 1276* 44 1.12 4.6

ST4288B2F 1272* 35 1.16 5.0

PHY565WRF 1265* 40 1.16 4.6

ST4427B2RF 1261* 45 1.16 4.6

ST4498B2RF 1257* 40 1.16 4.5

PHY370WR 1252* 46 1.10 5.0

CG4020B2RF 1251* 48 1.17 4.5

Variety Lint Yield % Open UHM Mike

09R619B2R2 1251* 33 1.14 4.9

DP0949B2RF 1241* 34 1.16 4.7

CG3220B2RF 1240* 48 1.15 4.8

DP0935B2RF 1225* 35 1.12 4.9

ST5327B2RF 1223* 48 1.13 4.7

ST4554B2RF 1210 39 1.14 4.9

CG3520B2RF 1197 50 1.17 4.4

NG3331B2RF 1171 45 1.12 4.9

CG3020B2RF 1170 50 1.13 4.3

PHY5922WRF 1169 42 1.16 4.6

PHY485WRF 1155 49 1.18 4.8

DP141B2RF 1130 42 1.20 4.4

DP161B2RF 1130 33 1.22 4.5

NG4370B2RF 1078 38 1.13 4.6

CG3035B2RF 1043 45 1.14 4.6

DP174B2RF 986 38 1.19 4.4

DP09R615            DP1028B2RFDP09R550            DP1032B2RFDP09R999            DP1034B2RFDP09R605            DP1048B2RFDP09R573            DP1050B2RF

Darrin M. Dodds1

C. L. Main2, L. T. Barber3, J. E. Woodward4, R. Boman4, J. Whitaker5, K. Edmisten6, N. W. Buehring1, and T. Allen1.

Mississippi State University1, The University of Tennessee2, University of

Arkansas3, Texas AgriLife Extension Service4, University of Georgia5, North Carolina State University6

Alternaria – lesions with brown or purple margins Older lesions have concentric rings with center falling out in some

Cercospera – small red lesions that enlarge and have white to

brown center Avoid all stress – esp. potassium, destruction of residue

Ascochyta – light brown lesions that coalesce on leaves Lesion have dark brown borders

Stemphylium - small circular brown lesions with concentric rings Older lesions have a white center which can drop out.

Helminthosporium leaf spot

Sciumbato 2009

Yield increases following fungicide application have been observed

Fungicide application when hardlock occurrence is <30% is ineffective

Limited utility of fungicides for control of hardlock No yield response due to foliar application

Jones et al. 2008Padgett et al. 2007Mailhot et al. 2008

Woodward et al. 2009

Figure 1. Untreated cotton foliage

Figure 2. Quadris 6 oz early bloom + 6 oz 21 d.

Figure 3. Headline 6 oz early bloom + 6 oz 21 d.

Common Name

Trade Name

Application Timing

Application Code

Application Rate

Application Rate

Kg ai ha-1 oz prod ac-1

Azoxystrobin Quadris™ 1st Bloom A 0.11 12

1st Bloom A 0.11 6

14-21 DAA B 0.11 6

1st Bloom A 0.11 6

14-21 DAA B 0.22 12

Pyraclostrobin Headline™ 1st Bloom A 0.11 12

1st Bloom A 0.11 6

14-21 DAA B 0.11 6

1st Bloom A 0.11 6

14-21 DAA B 0.22 12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Quadris 12oz

Quadris 6 + 6 oz

Quadris 6 + 12 oz

Headline 12oz

Headline 6 + 6 oz

Headline 6 + 12 oz

Untreated

LSD (0.05) = NSD

Fungicide

% o

f U

ntr

eat

ed C

he

ck

6 Locations in 2008 and 2009 p = 0.55

Fungicide Rate Mic Staple Strength Uniformity

------inches------ ------ g tex-1 ------- ------- %-------

Quadris™ 12 oz 4.0 1.16 30.9 82.4

6 + 6 oz 4.0 1.17 29.7 82.1

6 + 12 oz 4.1 1.17 30.5 83.0

Headline ™ 12 oz 3.9 1.15 29.6 82.1

6 + 6 oz 4.2 1.14 30.2 82.3

6 + 12 oz 4.1 1.14 29.9 82.3

Untreated -- 4.1 1.15 30.0 82.5

p 0.58 0.04 0.001 0.1773

LSD (0.05) NS 0.02 0.6 NS

Seth Holt and Keith Edmisten

Cotton with dense canopies often requires defoliating twice – expensive

In some cases, a significant portion of acres are mature enough to defoliate, however the picker may not be able to harvest all acres at one time

Fromme et al., (2003) investigated preconditioning cotton for defoliation

Early, mild preconditioning defoliation treatments could…

Promote rapid defoliation

Remove older leaves for a more complete defoliation

Promote an earlier harvest, cleaner fiber, reduce weathering potential

• To investigate the effects of various hormonal and herbicidal defoliants for preconditioning cotton for defoliation

• To determine optimal rate(s) of these chemistries for optimal preconditioning defoliation

• VA (2007), NC (2007 & 2008)

• Aggressive varieties = ST 6611 B2RF (2007) and DP 164 B2RF (2008) at 4 sd/ft

• on-farm location in Duplin County, NC – high moisture soils fertilized with 6 tons/A poultry litter

Preconditioning treatments:

• Non-treated control

• No Preconditioning trt

• Prep (5.3, 10.6, 16 and 21.2 oz/A)

• Def (4 and 8 oz/A)

• ET (1 and 2 oz/A)

Standard defoliation treatment:

Def 8 oz/A

Prep 1.3 pt/A

Dropp 0.1 lbs a.i. /A• All preconditioning and defoliation treatments were

applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer with 110-02 flat-fan nozzles, calibrated to deliver 15 GPA

• Randomized complete block design containing 4 replications

• Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS v. 9.1.3 and means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD at P < 0.05

FE

D BCCD

AB AB

VA – 2007LSD = 6.3

C

B

AB ABABAA A

NC – 2007LSD = 10.9

E

DC

A ABBC BCABC

CABC

NC - 2008LSD = 9.1

C

B AB AAB AA A

All locationsLSD = 6.8

D

CB AB A

AB ABAB AB AB

NC - 2008LSD = 7.2

A

BC BCBBC

CBC

C

NC - 2007LSD = 11.4

No Preconditioningtreatment

Pre-treated

Day of standard defoliation trt

7 days after standard defoliation trt

Most preconditioning treatments improved defoliation compared to no preconditioning treatment

Higher rates of Prep, Def, ET may improve defoliation

Likely a better strategy for thick canopies, allowing for a more efficient defoliation

• Preconditioning improves overall defoliation and perhaps promote earlier harvest

• Preconditioning treatments had NO EFFECT on:- lint yield- lint percentage- fiber quality- percent open bolls on the day of standard

defoliation - nodes above cracked boll in any year