Sedimentary Rocks Clastic / Physical / Detrital Chemical Bioclastic /Biochemical
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Transcript of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic / Physical / Detrital Chemical Bioclastic /Biochemical
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Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic / Physical / Detrital
Chemical
Bioclastic/Biochemical
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Fig. 06.38
tillss, cong
sh
ss, sh
ss, cong
ss, slt, sh
ss
ss
ls
sh
ss, slt, shgraywacke
chert, chalk, sh
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Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic/Physical/Detrital Sedimentary Rocksclassified by texture (grain size, roundness)
Conglomerate (with rounded gravel)
Breccia (with angular gravel)
Sandstone (sand)
Siltstone (silt)
Claystone or Mudstone (clay)
Shale – fissile (clay)
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Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Sedimentary Rocksclassified by composition
Limestone (many varieties) – Calcite, Dolomite
oolitic LS, crystalline LS, travertine, dolostone
Chert – Silica
Evaporites – Halite, Gypsum, Sylvite, Anhydrite
Rock Salt, Rock Gypsum
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Sedimentary Rocks
Biochemical/Bioclastic Sedimentary Rocks Limestone (many varieties) – Calcite, Dolomite
coquina, fossiliferous LS, chalk, micrite
Chert – diatoms, silica
Coal
peat, lignite, bituminous coal
anthracite – actually metamorphic
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http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/
Wentworth ScaleBoulders Cobbles Gravel (pebbles)SandSiltClay
Sedimentary clasts are classified by grain size (the size of the individual clasts) using the Wentworth Scale:
Larger clasts require more energy to
transport
Smaller clasts require less energy to
transport
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http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/SedRx/chembiokey.html
Evaporites minerals precipitated from evaporating water
Siliceous Rocks Silica and opalline silica precipitate either organically or inorganically
Coal and Peat Carbon-rich deposits formed from build-up of plant material in swamps
CarbonatesVariety of limestones composed of calcite, aragonite, and dolomite precipitated either organically or inorganically
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