GROUP MEMBERS:GROUP MEMBERS:

ASMAH BT BIRAN NORMALA BT TALIBMARYANI BT HASHIMMAHERAN BT HASAN SAARISALBIYAH BT MASLANSITI ZURAIDAH BT SALEHUDIN

CLASS: ERMA6A

The first recorded game of ball being played in London (in a large flat open space just outside the city) was during the annual festival of Shrove Tuesday in 1175.

The invention of Rugby was therefore not the act of playing early forms of the game or the acts of a certain Webb-Ellis (true or not), but rather the events which led up to it's codification. Like so many sports which originated from Victorian England it was competition, the sense of fair play and the subsequent need for rules and laws which allowed the game to develop on a global basis and spawn internationally.

The game of football as played at Rugby School (Rugby, England) between 1750 and 1823 permitted handling of the ball, but no-one was allowed to run with it in their hands towards the oppositions goal. There was no fixed limit to the number of players per side and sometimes there were hundreds taking part in a kind of enormous rolling maul.

The innovation of running with the ball at Rugby school was introduced some time between 1820 and 1830.

A)Size and shape of the ball was not written into the rules until 1892:B) Length in line – 280 – 300mmC) Circumference (end to end) – 740 – 770 mmD) Circumference (in width) – 580 – 620mmE)Weight: 410 – 460 grams F)Hand sewn with not less than 8 stitches to the inch G)Shape - ball must be oval and made of four panelsH)Materials – Leather or synthetic material. It may be treated to make it water resistant and easier to grip.

Boots: These can be any style, any color, as long as they meet basic safety specifications. Rugby boots may have screw-in or molded studs, but may not have a screw-in toe stud. Boots that are in extreme disrepair, especially boots where the plastic sole is beginning to shear from the upper, present a cutting hazard, and the referee may compel the boot to be repaired, or may not allow it in the match.

. This is a full-head cap which is analogous to a wrestling cap, designed to protect the ears from twisting and cartilage injury, and to prevent impact cuts/tears, to which scrum/forward players are more susceptible

Rugby shorts are usually cut high on the thigh, and are made of heavy cotton to take a great deal of extreme use.

Tops should be very sturdy and comfortable .Loose-fitting or flimsy tops are likely to be pulled off, stretched, or ripped

All players may wear gloves (in rugby terms, "fingerless mitts") to assist with grip. Full-fingered gloves such as football receiver gloves are NOT permitted; see these examples of rugby-specific gloves. All gloves will be subject to referee inspection

This is optional but highly recommended for all touch rugby players, and is mandatory for all players in practice and in games. Dental and mouth injuries are unlikely in a touch practice or match, but accidents can happen, and a mouthpiece will go a long way toward reducing the severity of the injury or will prevent it altogether.

These are rugby-specific undershirts which contain modest shoulder and torso padding . These are permissible to wear only under a jersey

RULESRULESGENERAL

* Games are 12.5 minutes each way, with a one minute half time break.

* Teams may have a minimum of four and a maximum of six players on the field, with unlimited substitutions. * Maximum of twelve players per team. 

* Teams are mixed: Must have at least two people of each gender on the field at all times

* An all female’s side will gain only one point per try. * Players must be 14 years or over. * No watches or other jewellery to be worn during play. * Appropriate footwear must be worn at all times. No

metal studs and no bare feet or jandels.

SCORINGA touchdown will be awarded when a player places the ball on or over the score line prior to being touched. A touch down will be worth one point for males and two points for females. The Dummy Half is not permitted to score touchdowns.

Scoring: A try is awarded when a player places the ball on the ground behind the try line. A try is worth one (1) point.

Winner: The team who at the end of play has scored the most tries is declared the winner. In the event of neither team scoring, or in the event of both teams scoring the same number of tries, a draw is declared.

Competition points: Win: 3 points, Draw: 2 points, Lost: 1 point, Forfeit: 0 points

SUBSTITUTIONSSUBSTITUTIONS

* Teams may inter change players at any time. * Players coming on to the field may not do so until the player being replaced has come off. * Substitutions must only be made from the halfway line.

POSSESSION OF THE BALLPOSSESSION OF THE BALL

A change of possession shall occur when:

a) The ball goes to ground. b) The Dummy Half is touched while in possession.c)  The Dummy Half places the ball in the touch

down zone. d) The 6th Touch occurs. e) The player in possession steps on or over the

boundary of the field of play. f) A roll ball is performed incorrectly. g) A tap is performed incorrectly. h) At a change of possession play is restarted with a

roll ball. 

PASSINGA player may pass, knock, throw or otherwise deliver the ball to any onside player in the attacking team. Passing forward is not permitted. A knock on results in a turn-over.

THE TAPThe tap is taken by placing the ball on the ground on the mark, releasing the ball from both hands, tapping the ball with the foot a distance of not more than one metre and retrieving the ball cleanly. 

COMMENCEMENT AND COMMENCEMENT AND RECOMMENCEMENT OF PLAYRECOMMENCEMENT OF PLAY

The toss: Team in the presence of the referee and the captain can decide who will start play.

Attacking team: The attacking team is to start the game with a tap at any side or middle of the field. All players of the attacking team are to remain in an onside position until the ball has been tapped.

Recommencement: For the recommencement of play following the half-time break the team losing the toss is to start the game with a tap.

Kicking: The ball cannot be kicked or played with the foot except when taking a tap.

THE PENALTYTHE PENALTY

When a player / team is penalised the non offending team shall restart play with a tap. 

The tap is taken at the mark and the defending team must retire ten metres from the mark until the ball has been tapped. 

Play restarts with a tap when the following infringements occur:

a) Forward pass. b) Touch and pass. c) Rollball performed off the mark. d) Performing a rollball prior to a touch being made. e) Defenders offside at the rollball (5 metres). f) Defenders offside at the tap (10 metres). g) Deliberately delaying play. h) More than six players on the field. i) Falsely claiming a touch. j) Using more than the minimum force to make a touch. k) Misconduct

ROLL BALLROLL BALLA means of restarting play. Players must perform the roll ball on the mark while facing their opponent’s defending score line and rolling the ball backwards between their legs a distance of not more that one metre. No overstepping is allowed. Players must not delay performing the roll ball.

THE TOUCHTHE TOUCHPlayers from both teams are permitted to effect the touch. A touch is contact with any part of the body, ball, clothing or hair. A minimum of force is to be used at all times. The team in possession is entitled to 6 touches.

TOUCH AND PASSTOUCH AND PASS

A player is not to pass the ball after a touch has been made.

THE DUMMY HALFTHE DUMMY HALF

The dummy half is the person who picks up the ball after a team-mate has performed a roll ball.

OFFSIDE / ONSIDEOFFSIDE / ONSIDE

After a touch has been made all defending players must retire 5 metres from the mark. Defenders cannot move forward until the dummy half has touched the ball. In a 5 metre play, the defending team must go behind the score line. Once the ball is in play the defending team must all move out from behind the line.

SIDELINESIDELINEIf a player with the ball touches or crosses the sideline s/he is deemed to be out of play and a change of possession occurs. Play restarts with a roll ball 5 metres in from where the player went out. If a touch is made before the player goes out, the touch counts.

OBSTRUCTIONOBSTRUCTIONPlayers of the attacking team are not to obstruct defending players from attempting to effect a touch. Defending players are not to obstruct / interfere with attacking players supporting the ball carrier.

MIXED TEAMSMIXED TEAMSA mixed team is made up of at least two people of each gender.

LATE TEAMSLATE TEAMSA minimum of four team members must be present to start the game. Late teams will be subject to a penalty of one touch down for every two minutes that the team is late, with a maximum of five penalty points which will signal abandonment of the game and the offending team recording a default. In the case of a default the non offending team will be recorded as winning 5-0.

Rugby fieldRugby field

Colours highlight main featuresColours highlight main features

Red - dashed line, distance from touch line to the front of a lineout.

Orange - between dashed lines, maximum length of lineout

Purple - dashed line, minimum distance for kick-off/restart kicks

Black - dashed line, distance from goal-line of 5-metre scrums

Grey - from goal-line to 22-metre line is the 22-metre area

Blue - goal-line to dead-ball line, in-goal area where tries are scored