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![Page 1: Security in Europe during the Cold War period Dr. Arūnas Molis 22 April, 2014 Tallinn European security.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649cf05503460f949bf422/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Security in Europe during the Cold War period
Dr. Arūnas Molis22 April, 2014
Tallinn
European security
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Content
Start and end of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War The USSR behavior during the Cold War Western security strategy
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Start of the Cold War
1947 - Truman Doctrine and Marshal plan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMbJdZfTkzU
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End of the Cold War
The agreement signed by the leaders of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine at the Belovezh forest on 8 December 1991 declared the Soviet Union dissolved and CIS created
The parliaments of the three states ratified the agreement on 10-12 December 1991, and on 21 December the Alma Ata protocol was signed, pursuant to which another eight former soviet republics joined the CIS
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Dominant security concerns
Cold War – two security systems with: threat of military aggression competition among main global players
After the Cold war – 1 security system with: ethno-religious nationalism economic stagnation civil wars environmental degradation autocratic rule
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Origins of the Cold War Nuclear deterrence
Fear of self destruction, nuclear tensionsCrisis Year Length Threat Nuclear STRATEGIC WEAPONS
by U.S.A U.S.S.R
#1 IRAN I 1946 One day USA 40 0
#2 YUGOSLAVIA 1946 One day USA 40 0
#3 BERLIN I 1948 15 months USA 120 0
#4 KOREA 1950 36 months USA 400 ?
#5 VIETNAM I 1954 3 months USA 1200 ?
#6 CHINA I 1954 8 months USA 1200 ?
#7 SUEZ 1956 7 days USSR & USA 2100 60
#8 CHINA II 1958 2 months USA 3000 110
#9 BERLIN II 1959 4 months USA 3200 175
#10 BERLIN III 1961 4 months USA * 3600 * 240
#11 CUBA 1962 2 weeks USSR & USA * 3900 * 300
#12 VIETNAM II 1969 3 months USA * 4000 * 1400
#13 JORDAN 1970 2 weeks USA * 4000 * 1800
#14 ISRAEL 1973 19 days USA * 6800 * 2200
#15 IRAN II 1980 6 months USA * 10312 * 6846
#16 FIRST STRIKE 1983-85 24 months USA * *
Total Threat 1945-85 107 months of nuclear crisis* Nuclear Winter Threat
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Origins of the Cold War
Arms race US – 13 trillions USD for defence,
except nuclear program
Ideological confrontation war for hearts and minds
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Origins of the Cold War
Struggle for Europe Germany, Berlin Partition of Europe
Proxy wars for influence Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan,
Indochina, Middle East and Latin America
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USSR: Creating a buffer of satellite states Success:
Baltic states reincorporated to USSR
Communist governments installed in East Germany, Albania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia
Failure: Northern Iran wasn’t drawn
to the Soviet orbit; Greece could have become
one of the socialist states Sour relations with
Yugoslavia after restraints on Tito
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Buffer of satellite states
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Suppressions in Eastern Europe
1956 in Poland and Hungary
1968 in Czechoslovakia
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Western (the US) strategy (1)
Containment (1947-1953): resist Soviet Union wherever it is possible Assistance to Greece and Turkey, Marshal plan War in Korea (1950–1953)
Massive retaliation (1953-1961): roll back of the communism Increase of nuclear warheads Berlin crisis (wall in 1961) Cuban missile crises (soviet deployment in 1962)
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Western (the US) strategy (2)
Detante policy (1969-1979) Balance of power End of Vietnam war
Kirkpatrick doctrine Support to authoritarian leaders who resist to
Soviet Union expansion
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Questions?