securite laser GB.ppt [Mode de compatibilité] - neel.cnrs.fr · of laser eye injuries?of laser eye...
Transcript of securite laser GB.ppt [Mode de compatibilité] - neel.cnrs.fr · of laser eye injuries?of laser eye...
Lasers
Laser gain medium and type Operation wavelength(s) Pump source
HéliumHélium-neon laser 632.8 nm (543.5 nm, 593.9 nm, 611.8 nm, 1.1523 μm, 1.52 µm, 3.3913 μm) Electrical discharge
Argon laser
454.6 nm, 488.0 nm, 514.5 nm (351 nm, 363.8, 457.9 nm, 465.8 nm, 476.5 nm, 472.7 nm, 528.7 nm, also frequency doubled to provide 244 nm, 257 nm) Electrical discharge
Krypton laser 416 nm, 530.9 nm, 568.2 nm, 647.1 nm, 676.4 nm, 752.5 nm, 799.3 nm Electrical discharge
Xenon ion laser Many lines throughout visible spectrum extending into the UV and IR Electrical discharge
Nitrogen laser (CO2)
337.1 nm Electrical discharge
Excimer 193 nm (ArF) 248 nm (KrF) 308 nm (XeCl) 353 nm (XeF) Excimer recombination via laser 193 nm (ArF), 248 nm (KrF), 308 nm (XeCl), 353 nm (XeF) electrical discharge
Dye lasers 390-435 nm (stilbene), 460-515 nm (coumarin 102), 570-640 nm (rhodamine 6G), many others Other laser, flashlamp
Ruby laser 694.3 nm FlashlampRuby laser 694.3 nm Flashlamp
Nd:YAG laser 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm) Flashlamp, laser diode
Titanium sapphire (Ti:sapphire) laser 650-1100 nm Other laser
Semiconductor laser diode (general information) 0.4-20 μm, depending on active region material. Electrical current
www.neel.cnrs.fr
(g ) μ p g g
Lasers at Institut NéelClass IV
Titane-Saphir
Krypton 0.5W
Yag pulsedYag pulsedArgon 5W
CW Nd-Yag and OPO
www.neel.cnrs.fr
OPO
Lasers at Institut NéelClass IIIClass III
HeNe-5mW
Red laser diode
Also some lasers used for alignment, UV lasers
www.neel.cnrs.fr
Major sources of accident
HeCd, Cu.. 3.70% diode 1.10%
Nd:Yag 29.70%others 5.50%
Yag/rubis 3.70%
,
HeNe 7%
Rubis 6.20%
colorants 9.90%
argon 20.50%CO2 12.80%
colorants 9.90%
Courtesy of: Rockwell Laser Industries – Industrial Laser Safety 1999
www.neel.cnrs.fr
Minimal Reactive Dose Levels for Skin DamageDamage
LaserWavelength
(µm)Radiant Exposure*
(J/cm2)Exposure Times (sec)
Laser (µ ) ( )
Ruby 0.694 11 - 20 (unpigmented) 2.2 - 6.9 (pigmented)
2.5 x 10-3
R b (Q it h) 0 694 0 25 0 24 7 5 10 8Ruby (Q-switch) 0.694 0.25 – 0.24 7.5 x 10-8
Argon ion gas (CW)
0.514 4.0 – 8.2 1.0
CO2 (CW) 10.600 2.8 1.0Neodymium glass
(long pulse)1.600 2.5 – 5.7 7.5 x 10-8
Neodymium – YAG (Q-switched)
1.064 46 – 78 1.0
Excimer (xenon 0.308 0.50 -chloride)
* at 50% probability levels for minimal tissue reaction, except for excimer which is minimal level for tissue ablation.
www.neel.cnrs.frCourtesy of: Rockwell Laser Industries – Industrial Laser Safety 1999
Summary of Basic Laser Biological Effects, on eyes and skiny
Wavelength Band (µm)
Eye Skin(µ )
UV-C (0.200-0.280) Photokeratitis Erthyema & Cancer
UV-B (0.280 –0 315)
Photokeratitis Accelerated skin aging and increase pigmentation0.315) increase pigmentation
UV-A (0.315-0.400) Photochemical reaction
Pigment darkening, photosensitive reaction,
and sunburn
Visible (0.400 –0.780)
Photochemical cataract and thermal
retinal injury
Photosensitive reaction, and skin burn
IR A (0 780 1 40) Cataract retinal Skin burnIR-A (0.780 – 1.40) Cataract retinal burn
Skin burn
IR-B (1.40 – 3.00) Corneal burn, aqueous flare,
Skin burn
possible cataract.
IR-C (3.00 – 1000) Corneal burn only Skin burn
www.neel.cnrs.fr
Are there any specific symptoms
of laser eye injuries?of laser eye injuries?• Exposure to the invisible carbon dioxide laser beam (10,600 nm)
can be detected by a burning pain at the site of exposure on the y gcornea or sclera.
• Exposure to a visible laser beam can be detected by a bright color flash of the emitted wavelength and an after-image of its g gcomplementary color (e.g., a green 532 nm laser light would produce a green flash followed by a red after-image).
• When the retina is affected, there may be difficulty in detecting blue , y y gor green colors secondary to cone damage, and pigmentation of the retina may be detected.
• Exposure to the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser beam (1064 nm) isExposure to the Q switched Nd:YAG laser beam (1064 nm) is especially hazardous and may initially go undetected because the beam is invisible and the retina lacks pain sensory nerves. Photoacoustic retinal damage may be associated with an audible g y"pop" at the time of exposure. Visual disorientation due to retinal damage may not be apparent to the operator until considerable thermal damage has occurred.
www.neel.cnrs.fr• Retinal burns may be painless so care must be taken at all time
Eye-protector: choice and printed information
EN207 EN208 CE certifiedEN207, EN208 CE certified
Printed information on the lens
1 2 3 4 5 6
DI 1060 L8 univet CE EN207
1 l t (D I l d R i t l d l M i d1: laser type (D cw, I pulsed, R giant pulsed laser, M pico and femto second laser)2: wavelength3: scale number (maximal spectral transmittance at the laser3: scale number (maximal spectral transmittance at the laser wavelengths) 4:5: certification5: certification6: European standard
In this example goggles for CW and pulsed Nd:Yag laser
www.neel.cnrs.fr
In this example, goggles for CW and pulsed Nd:Yag laser
What to do and not to do with a laserWhat to do and not to do with a laser
• Follow a security laser information• Use glasses adapted to the laser• Use glasses adapted to the laser• Remove all reflective object (clock, ring…)• Use a class 1 or 2 laser for alignment• Minimise the people around the experiment• Minimise the people around the experiment• Take care of visitors (information, glasses..)• Limit as much as possible the power laser• Use a beam aligner/ visualisation cardUse a beam aligner/ visualisation card
Never place your eye in front of the beam during the alignment procedureNever point the beam to someone in the roomNever put the experimental beam at the eye level
fNever entry without permission if the laser signal at the door is ON
www.neel.cnrs.fr
What to do in case of accidentWhat to do in case of accident
• The person affected should close their eyes and call someone• Dial 1287, or 1515 or 1818• state the part of the body affectedp y• state the type of laser (class, energy, wavelength, direct or
indirect)• Put a few sterile compresses on both eyes (using a few at a time p y ( g
will prevent light penetration) and fix them with a gaze.
Go to the hospital within a few hours of any accident
Undergo a thorough eye examinationUndergo a thorough eye examination
www.neel.cnrs.fr