Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages
description
Transcript of Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages
Secular and Cathedral Music in the High Middle Ages
Troubadours
• Aquitaine• William IX, count of Poitiers and duke of
Aquitaine• Provençal, Occitan, langue d’oc– Trobar (Poetry), Trobador (Poet)
Troubadours
• Troubadour verse types– sirventes– emueg– gap– planh– tenso– canso• fin’ amors (“Courtly love”)
Troubadours
• Bernart de Ventadorn (d. ca. 1200)– Can vei la lauzeta mover
[Anthology 1-10]• canso
• Marcabru– L’autrier jost’ una sebissa
[Anthology 1-11]• pastorela
Performance and Oral Culture
• Minstrels• joglars, jongluers (“Jokers”)
• Chansonniers (books of songs)• vidas
Performance and Oral Culture
• Trobaritz– Comtessa de Dia• A chantar [Anthology 1-12]
Music for ElitesTrobar Clus
• “closed” or difficult poetry for connoisseurs• trobar leu: “light” poetry designed for
immediate pleasure
Trouvères
• langue d’oïl• Richard I (Lionheart)– Ja nun hons pris [Anthology 1-13]
• Moniot d’Arras (d. 1239)– Ce fut en mai [Anthology 1-14]
• Jehan Bretel (d. 1272)• Adam de la Halle
Trouvères
• Narrative poetry– chansons de geste “Songs of deeds”• Lai
– chansons de toile “picture song”
Formes Fixes
• Rondeau– AB a A ab AB
• Ballade– Refrain aab Refrain aab, etc.
• Virelai– B aab B aab, etc.
Formes Fixes
• Adam de la Halle– Je muir, je muir d’amorete
[Anthology 1-15a]• Rondeau
– Fines amouretes ai [Anthology 1-15b]
• Ballade– Le jeu de Robin et de Marion
Geographical Diffusion
• Iberian peninsula: Cantigas de Santa Maria (1250–1280)
• Italian peninsula: lauda spirituale• German song: Minnesang, Minnelieder,
Minnsinger– Lied– Walther von der Volgelweide (d. ca. 1230)– Neidhardt von Reuenthal (d. ca. 1250)
Geographical Diffusion
• German song: Minnesang, Minnelieder, Minnsinger– Lied– Walther von der Volgelweide (d. ca. 1230)– Neidhardt von Reuenthal (d. ca. 1250)
InstrumentsCantigas manuscript
Polyphony in Aquitanian Monastic Centers
• Abbey of St. Martial• “St. Martial” organum• Jubilemus exultemus [Anthology 1-16]– Tenor (tenere “to hold”)– Cantus firmus
• Ad superni regis [Anthology 1-17]– Versus– Ligatures
Notre Dame School
• Notre Dame de Paris• Anonymous IV– Leoninus magister (Master Leonin)– Perotinus magnus (the great Perotin)
Measured Music
• De mensurabili musica (On measured music)• Modus or “Rhythmic mode”– Nota longa, nota brevis
• Organum duplum– Gradual Viderunt omnes [Anthology 1-18]• Discant• copula
Organum with Another Voice
• Organum triplum, quadruplum• Gradual Viderunt omnes [Anthology 1-19]– Perotin– Hocket– Fractio modi
Conductus at Notre Dame
• Homorhythmic (note against note)• Vetus abit littera [Anthology 1-20]– cauda
The Motet
• Johannes de Grocheio, Ars musicae (The Art of Music) (ca. 1300)
• mot (“word”)• [Anthology 1-21]– Double motet
“Franconian” Notation
• Ars cantus mensurabilis (The Art of Measured Song) (ca. 1280)– Franco of Cologne
• Mensural notation
Late 13th Century Motet
• L’autre jour/ Au tens pascour/IN SECULUM [Anthology 1-22]
• Montpellier Codex (ca. 1280–1300)– 300+ motets
• On parole/A Paris/FRESE NOUVELE [Anthology 1-23]
The “Petronian” Motet
• Petrus de Cruce• Puncta divisionis (division points)