Isolement et caractérisation des levures oléagineuses, à ...
SECTOR OLEAGINOSASSECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial...
Transcript of SECTOR OLEAGINOSASSECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial...
2016
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
Compendio anual
FILIÈRE OLÉAGINEUSES évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles
Recuei l annuel
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
Annual compendium
Trade and Markets Division (EST)
Division des produits et échanges (EST)
Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST)
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L’ ALIMENTATION ET L’AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA L’ AGRICULTURA Y L’ ALIMENTACIÓN
Rome/Roma, 2017
Trade and Markets Division (EST)
Division des produits et échanges (EST)
Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST)
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
Compendio anual — 2016
FILIÈRE OLÉAGINEUSES évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles
Recuei l annuel — 2016
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
Annual compendium — 2016
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
The views expressed in this information product are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
ISBN: 978-92-5-109712-0 © FAO, 2017
FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.
All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected].
Las denominaciones empleadas en este producto informativo y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican, por parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica o nivel de desarrollo de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. La mención de empresas o productos de fabricantes en particular, estén o no patentados, no implica que la FAO los apruebe o recomiende de preferencia a otros de naturaleza similar que no se mencionan.
Las opiniones expresadas en este producto informativo son las de su autor, y no reflejan necesariamente los puntos de vista o políticas de la FAO.
La FAO fomenta el uso, la reproducción y la difusión del material contenido en este producto informativo. Salvo que se indique lo contrario, se podrá copiar, descargar e imprimir el material con fines de estudio privado, investigación y docencia, o para su uso en productos o servicios no comerciales, siempre que se reconozca de forma adecuada a la FAO como la fuente y titular de los derechos de autor y que ello no implique en modo alguno que la FAO aprueba los puntos de vista, productos o servicios de los usuarios.
Todas las solicitudes relativas a la traducción y los derechos de adaptación así como a la reventa y otros derechos de uso comercial deberán dirigirse a www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request o a [email protected]. Los productos de información de la FAO están disponibles en el sitio web de la Organización (www.fao.org/publications) y pueden adquirirse mediante solicitud por correo electrónico a [email protected].
Les appellations employées dans ce produit d’information et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique ou au stade de développement des pays, territoires, villes ou zones ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. La mention de sociétés déterminées ou de produits de fabricants, qu’ils soient ou non brevetés, n’entraîne, de la part de la FAO, aucune approbation ou recommandation desdits produits de préférence à d’autres de nature analogue qui ne sont pas cités.
Les opinions exprimées dans ce produit d’information sont celles du auteur et ne reflètent pas nécessairement les vues ou les politiques de la FAO.
La FAO encourage l’utilisation, la reproduction et la diffusion des informations figurant dans ce produit d’information. Sauf indication contraire, le contenu peut être copié, téléchargé et imprimé aux fins d’étude privée, de recherches ou d’enseignement, ainsi que pour utilisation dans des produits ou services non commerciaux, sous réserve que la FAO soit correctement mentionnée comme source et comme titulaire du droit d’auteur et à condition qu’il ne soit sous-entendu en aucune manière que la FAO approuverait les opinions, produits ou services des utilisateurs.
Toute demande relative aux droits de traduction ou d’adaptation, à la revente ou à d’autres droits d’utilisation commerciale doit être présentée au moyen du formulaire en ligne disponible à www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request ou adressée par courriel à [email protected].
Photo credits/Crédits photo/créditos fotográficos
Cover/Couverture/Portada: Alamy.com
Contents
Table de matières
Índice
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2016
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2016
Introduction ivHighlights v
Detailed news items: Table 1Government policies implemented in 2016 1-38
Table 2Industry measures and initiativesreported in 2016 39-52
Introduction viiiFaits saillants ix
Articles détaillés: Tableau 1Politiques publiques mises en œuvre en 2016 1-38
Tableau 2Mesures et initiatives sectorielles recensées en 2016 39-52
Introducción xiiAspectos más destacados xiii
Noticias detalladas: Cuadro 1Políticas gubernamentales aplicadas en 2016 1-38
Cuadro 2Medidas e iniciativas del sector industrial en 2016 39-52
iii
©/P
exel
s
iv Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2016
Introduction
The purpose of this compendium is to offer, in a single document, an overview of salient policy changes and related private sector measures concerning global and national markets for oilseed, oils/fats and meals in a particular year – in this case 2016.
The compendium reproduces, in tabular form, all the policy and industry news items published throughout 2016 in the FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). The main purpose is to facilitate the work of policy makers, market experts, analysts and other stakeholders by providing a short, concise overview of policy developments relevant to the oilcrops industry at the global, regional and national level.
Although every care has been taken to cover the most salient and relevant developments, the list of items presented is not exhaustive. Drawing on a variety of sources, the accounts provided concentrate on key facts, refraining from in-depth analytical impact assessments.
The news items are presented in two major groups: 1) policy changes implemented (or under consideration) by national governments; and 2) voluntary industry initiatives, which include measures taken by private companies, sector associations, civil society groups and research and financial institutions.
In the tables, national policy changes are grouped by policy domains and, thereunder, by country (in alphabetical order), including reference to the month of implementation and to the product concerned. Industry measures, on the other hand, are presented by topic and, thereunder, in chronological order, with indication of the concerned country.
Acknowledgements: This report has been compiled by the Oilseeds Desk of the Trade and Markets Division (EST) under the lead of P. Thoenes and with the assistance of G. Karumathy and M. Milo. Support from R. Ashton who formatted this report is gratefully acknowledged.
©/Wikimedia Commons
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2016 v
Highlights
NATIONAL POLICIES
In what follows, the most relevant policy changes and trends observed in 2016 are summarized below in bullet form. More detailed information is available in the two ensuing tables (available in English only).
As to agricultural policies, public support to crop insurance schemes (for oilseeds as well as other crops) was expanded in a number of countries, notably Brazil and India. China, along with its decision to abandon stockpiling policies for maize, started offering incentives to farmers for shifting from maize to soybean cultivation. India added a special bonus to the minimum support prices offered for oilseed and pulse crops, in a bid to stimulate their production and thus reduce the domestic supply deficits characterizing these crops.
Sector development measures: countries in South/Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and to a lesser extent Africa, implemented a variety of measures aimed at strengthening existing or fostering nascent oilcrop industries, including downstream processing activities. Most interventions focused on domestic supply deficits, sector rehabilitation needs, or product diversification opportunities. While a wide range of oilcrops were targeted, coconut palm, oil palm and the olive tree received particular attention.
In several countries, the approval of herbicides and pesticides and of norms regarding their use came under the scrutiny of policy makers, reflecting heightened concerns about potential environmental and health risks. As to disease control measures, in the EU, efforts to combat a bacterial infection affecting olive trees and measures to contain its spread continued during 2016.
In Argentina, the government mediated in the controversy between seed companies and farmers over royalty payments, but, as of December 2016, a permanent agreement has yet to be found.
Regarding biofuel/bioenergy policies, mandatory consumption targets for biodiesel have been raised in several countries (notably the United States, Indonesia and Brazil), while, in others, planned increases were deferred (Malaysia, Thailand). Particularly noteworthy is Indonesia’s increased uptake of palm oil for biodiesel production (aided by government subsidies), to meet the country’s ambitious targets for domestic biofuel consumption. In the United States, the blending of biodiesel with regular diesel continued to benefit from tax breaks. By contrast, public support for biodiesel production and marketing has been downscaled in Australia, Colombia and Thailand. The EU (as of December 2016) was considering to curtail the role of first generation biofuels (such as vegetable oil-based biodiesel) after 2020.
Market regulation tools (such as domestic price thresholds, tax breaks and private stockholding limits) continued to be used by numerous governments, in particular in South and Southeast Asia – either to protect the incomes of oilcrop farmers or to stabilize domestic retail prices for cooking oil. Public procurement, stockholding and auction sales remained in place in China (for soybeans and rapeseed oil) and India (for coconuts and coconut oil). India also launched a new palm oil procurement scheme to stimulate the development of the palm oil industry in the country. In Canada, special government measures to facilitate the flow of oilseed/grain supplies and overcome logistic bottlenecks remained in place in 2016.
Regarding international trade, several countries renewed existing or introduced new measures to promote the exportation of oilseeds and derived products. In Argentina, export restrictions and taxes were removed for the key agricultural export commodities in January 2016, except for the soybean complex, where taxes will be lowered gradually starting in January 2018. Indonesia’s and Malaysia’s sliding export tax regimes for palm oil remained in place.
On the import side, the most important changes concern import duty reductions/suspensions to address domestic supply shortages and check domestic food price inflation, with India being the most prominent example. As to non-tariff measures, China temporarily restricted – on phytosanitary grounds – rapeseed imports from Canada, while Indonesia introduced state controls on soybean imports in a bid to promote domestic soybean production.
vi Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2016
INDUSTRY MEASURES
Negotiations on a number of bilateral comprehensive trade agreements and initiatives specifically targeted to oilseed products continued in 2016, involving some important exporting/importing nations. As to bilateral trade disputes, the WTO ruled on two cases (concerning, respectively, biodiesel imports by the EU and palm oil imports by the Russian Federation), finding violations of WTO rules and country commitments. Furthermore, a new dispute opened between Peru and Argentina concerning biodiesel trade.
Concerning food standards, two countries, Canada and Chile, mandated the labeling of saturated fat content in food products, while others proposed to strictly regulate or ban the presence of trans-fats in foods. Elsewhere, various other food safety measures have been enforced, in particular instruments to combat vegetable oil adulteration.
With respect to GMOs, China indicated that it could gradually relax the strict anti-GMO stance maintained in past years, adding that possibilities of developing GM maize and soybean varieties could be considered. India, which authorized field trials on selected GM crops in 2015, technically cleared a locally developed mustard seed, after completing an assessment of potential health and environmental risks. In other countries, restrictions on the production, trade and use of GMO crops were upheld amid increased public scrutiny. The United States decided (ending lengthy policy debates) to introduce mandatory labelling of GMO ingredients in food products over a two-year period.
Under pressure from civil society groups, some governments – notably in Southeast Asia – raised their efforts to enforce the adoption of sustainable production practices by the oil palm industries of their respective countries. Regulatory measures concerning oil palm development concentrated on forest conservation and fire prevention, peatland restoration, and the protection of the rights of indigenous people and plantation labourers.
Private sector standards continued to play an important role in shaping the global oilseed, oils and meals economy. In particular, voluntary industry standards on sustainable production practices for palm oil and soybean evolved further during 2016 – driven by rising public concerns and continued pressure from civil society groups. In the case of palm oil, RSPO (the leading, industry-led standard setting and certification body) launched a more rigorous voluntary production code, enhanced the traceability of certificate trading, and strengthened its internal compliance requirements and control mechanisms. Moreover, new efforts to improve smallholder access to certification have been reported from several countries. Civil society groups continued to scrutinize the production practices of individual oil palm companies. They also questioned the adherence of palm oil buyers, lending institutions and other stakeholders to their own sustainability policies and commitments. Regarding the existing voluntary standards, some industry players started calling for the adoption of more rigorous criteria, while others supported the implementation of less stringent rules. As to trade, in 2016, the share of certified palm oil marketed through Book&Claim mechanisms (i.e. channels contributing only indirectly to sustainable production systems) dropped to 35 percent, implying that 65 percent were sold via physical supply chains – compared to only 45 percent in 2015. However, global demand for certified sustainable palm oil by end-users continued to fall short of available supplies, hence eroding the profitability of certification.
Compared to palm oil, the public debate about sustainable soybean production remained less intense, though calls on companies to source soybeans more responsibly continued in 2016. While national and international bodies certifying sustainable soy production reported increased output and sales of certified soy, the overall market share of certified products remained small. The market mostly relied on certificate trading rather than physical supply chains. In Brazil, the private sector moratorium on purchases of soy produced on illegally cleared land in the Amazon Region became permanent (after having been renewed annually since 2008).
Regarding GMOs, industry efforts to segregate non-GM crops from GM crops continued in 2016, reflecting the trade’s interest to secure the premiums associated with GM-free sales. Moreover, several new initiatives by food manufacturers to offer non-GM products – to cater for special consumer preferences – were reported.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2016 vii
As to biofuels, in the EU, civil society groups continued to question the potential of crop-based biodiesel to reduce GHG emissions. In the meantime, several new industry initiatives to replace food feedstock with non-food feedstock – notably tallow, used cooking oil and other agricultural waste – were reported, in particular in Europe. Furthermore, in Southeast Asia, more companies moved into energy production from coconut waste and palm oil mill effluent (POME).
Industry-led and academic R&D efforts reported during 2016 concentrated on (i) disease control in soybean cultivation; trans-fat free vegetable oil refining methods; (ii) techniques to detect adulteration in olive oil and optimization of olive oil extraction processes; and (iii) the development of new oilseed varieties (including through traditional, GM-free breeding techniques) offering high performance and other traits of economic interest or special health attributes.
Regarding international markets, Chinese companies further consolidated their presence in international grain/oilseed markets, thereby reducing the nation’s dependence on foreign suppliers and third-party traders. Malaysian oil palm firms – faced with domestic land and labour shortages – set up ventures in the Philippines. In Brazil, transport options via the country’s northern export corridor improved considerably following large private investments in port infrastructure.
With regard to futures markets, China’s leading exchange for agricultural commodities considered the launch of soymeal options, and the Chicago-based CME exchange partnered with Bursa Malaysia and Thomson Reuters to add four new palm oil contracts to its activities.
viii Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2016
Introduction
L’objectif de ce recueil est de proposer, dans un document unique, une vue d’ensemble des principales évolutions en matière de politiques et des mesures connexes prises par le secteur privé, pertinentes pour les marchés mondiaux et nationaux des graines, des huiles et des farines d’oléagineux au cours d’une année donnée – dans ce cas en 2016.
Le recueil reproduit, sous forme de tableau, tous les articles concernant les politiques et les mesures sectorielles publiés par la FAO tout au long de 2016 dans son Bulletin mensuel Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). Son but principal est de faciliter le travail des décideurs, des experts du marché, des analystes et autres parties intéressées en leur fournissant un aperçu, bref et concis, de l’évolution des politiques pertinentes pour le secteur des cultures oléagineuses à l’échelle nationale, régionale et mondiale.
Même si toutes les précautions ont été prises pour couvrir les évolutions les plus saillantes et les plus pertinentes, la liste des éléments présentés n’est pas exhaustive. En s’appuyant sur diverses sources, le recueil se concentre sur les principaux faits et s’abstient d’évaluer en détail leur impact.
Les informations sont scindées en deux grands groupes: 1) évolutions des politiques mises en œuvre (ou à l’étude) par des gouvernements nationaux et 2) initiatives volontaires du secteur, y compris les mesures prises par des entreprises privées, des associations sectorielles, des groupes de la société civile et des institutions financières et de recherche.
Dans les tableaux, les évolutions des politiques nationales sont regroupées par domaine politique, puis par pays (par ordre alphabétique) et sont accompagnées d’une référence à leur mois de mise en œuvre et aux produits concernés. Les mesures sectorielles sont quant à elles présentées par thème, puis par ordre chronologique, et sont accompagnées d’une indication du pays concerné.
Remerciements: Ce rapport a été préparé par l’équipe oléagineux de la Division des produits et échanges (EST) sous la direction de P. Thoenes et avec l’aide de G. Karumathy et M. Milo. Le soutien de R. Ashton, qui a formaté ce rapport, est apprécié.
©/Adobe Stock
Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2016 ix
Faits saillants
Les paragraphes ci-après résument les évolutions des politiques et les tendances les plus pertinentes observées en 2016 sous forme de liste à puces. Des informations plus détaillées sont fournies dans les deux tableaux qui suivent (disponibles en anglais seulement).
POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES
Concernant les politiques agricoles, le soutien public aux systèmes d’assurance-récolte (pour les graines oléagineuses, ainsi que pour d’autres cultures) a été élargi dans plusieurs pays, notamment au Brésil et en Inde. La Chine, parallèlement à sa décision d’abandonner les politiques de stockage du maïs, a commencé à mettre en place des mesures visant à inciter les agriculteurs à délaisser la culture du maïs au profit du soja. L’Inde a ajouté un bonus spécial aux prix minimum de soutien offerts pour les graines oléagineuses et les légumineuses, en vue de stimuler la production de ces cultures et de réduire ainsi les déficits de l’offre intérieure qui caractérisent ces cultures.
Mesures de développement du secteur: plusieurs pays d’Asie du Sud, d’Asie du Sud-Est et du Pacifique, et dans une moindre mesure d’Afrique, ont mis en place une série de mesures visant à renforcer les entreprises existantes ou à encourager les entreprises naissantes dans le secteur des graines oléagineuses, y compris les activités de transformation en aval. La plupart des interventions visaient à combler les déficits de l’offre intérieure, à répondre aux besoins du secteur en matière de relèvement, ou à favoriser les possibilités de diversification de la production. Bien qu’un large éventail de cultures oléagineuses aient été ciblées, trois secteurs ont bénéficié d’une attention particulière: les cocotiers, les palmiers à huile et les oliviers.
Dans plusieurs pays, les autorisations accordées aux pesticides et les normes concernant leur utilisation ont fait l’objet d’un contrôle renforcé des décideurs, en raison de préoccupations accrues quant aux risques potentiels pour l’environnement et la santé. Pour ce qui est des mesures de lutte contre les maladies, dans l’Union européenne (UE), les efforts déployés pour lutter contre une infection bactérienne affectant les oliviers et les mesures visant à contenir sa propagation ont été maintenus en 2016.
En Argentine, le gouvernement a arbitré le désaccord entre les entreprises semencières et les agriculteurs concernant le paiement de redevances; cependant, en décembre 2016, aucune solution permanente n’avait été identifiée.
En ce qui concerne les politiques en matière d’agrocarburants et de bioénergie, les objectifs de consommation obligatoire pour le biodiesel ont été révisés à la hausse dans plusieurs pays (notamment aux États-Unis, en Indonésie et au Brésil), tandis que dans d’autres, les augmentations prévues ont été reportées (Malaisie, Thaïlande). Il convient de noter que l’Indonésie a augmenté sa consommation d’huile de palme pour la production de biodiesel (à l’aide de subventions gouvernementales) pour répondre aux objectifs ambitieux que le pays s’est fixés en matière de consommation nationale d’agrocarburants. Aux États-Unis, les mélanges de biodiesel avec du diesel ordinaire ont continué de bénéficier d’avantages fiscaux. En revanche, les mesures de soutien public à la production et à la commercialisation de biodiesel ont été revues à la baisse en Australie, en Colombie et en Thaïlande. L’UE (en décembre 2016) envisage de réduire la part des agrocarburants de première génération (tels que le biodiesel à base d’huile végétale) après 2020.
De nombreux gouvernements ont continué à recourir à des outils de réglementation du marché (tels que les seuils de prix domestiques, les allégements fiscaux et les limites de stockage privé), en particulier en Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est – pour protéger les revenus des producteurs de cultures oléagineuses ou pour stabiliser les prix de détail de l’huile de cuisson sur leurs marchés intérieurs. Les politiques d’achat publics, de stocks et de ventes aux enchères sont restées en place en Chine (pour le soja et l’huile de colza) et en Inde (pour les noix de coco et l’huile de noix de coco). L’Inde a également lancé un nouveau programme d’achat d’huile de palme afin d’encourager le développement de la production d’huile de palme dans le pays. Au Canada, les mesures publiques spécifiques visant à faciliter la circulation des graines oléagineuses et des céréales et à surmonter les problèmes logistiques sont restées en place en 2016.
x Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2016
En ce qui concerne le commerce international, plusieurs pays ont renouvelé les mesures existantes ou ont introduit de nouvelles mesures visant à promouvoir l’exportation des graines oléagineuses et de leurs produits dérivés. En Argentine, en janvier 2016, les restrictions et les taxes à l’exportation ont été supprimées pour les principaux produits agricoles d’exportation, sauf dans le secteur du soja, au sein duquel les taxes seront abaissées progressivement à compter de janvier 2018. En Indonésie et en Malaisie, les systèmes de taxes progressives sur les exportations d’huile de palme sont restés en place.
Du côté des importations, les évolutions les plus significatives concernent les réductions/suspensions des droits à l’importation pour lutter contre les pénuries nationales de l’offre et maîtriser l’inflation des prix alimentaires intérieurs, l’Inde étant l’exemple le plus marquant. Concernant les mesures non tarifaires, la Chine a provisoirement restreint – pour des motifs phytosanitaires – les importations de colza en provenance du Canada, tandis que l’Indonésie a introduit des contrôles publics sur les importations de soja en vue de promouvoir la production intérieure de soja.
Les négociations sur un certain nombre d’initiatives et d’accords commerciaux bilatéraux et spécifiquement axés sur les produits d’oléagineux se sont poursuivies en 2016, impliquant plusieurs des principaux pays exportateurs/importateurs. Pour ce qui est des différends commerciaux bilatéraux, l’OMC a statué sur deux affaires (concernant, respectivement, les importations de biodiesel par l’UE, et les importations d’huile de palme par la Fédération de Russie), après avoir constaté des violations des règles de l’OMC et des engagements pris par les pays. Par ailleurs, un nouveau différend a éclaté entre le Pérou et l’Argentine concernant le commerce de biodiesel.
En ce qui concerne les normes alimentaires, deux pays, le Canada et le Chili, ont rendu obligatoire l’étiquetage de la teneur en graisses saturées dans les produits alimentaires, tandis que d’autres ont proposé de réglementer de manière stricte, voire d’interdire, les gras trans dans les aliments. Ailleurs, diverses autres mesures de sécurité sanitaire des aliments ont été imposées, en particulier des instruments visant à lutter contre l’altération des huiles végétales.
En ce qui a trait aux OGM, la Chine a indiqué qu’elle pourrait assouplir progressivement sa position stricte anti-OGM en place depuis plusieurs années et a ajouté que des possibilités de développement de variétés de maïs et de soja GM pourraient être envisagées. L’Inde, qui a autorisé en 2015 les essais en champ de certaines cultures GM, a approuvé sur le plan technique des graines de moutarde GM développées localement, après avoir mené une évaluation des risques possibles pour la santé et l’environnement. Dans d’autres pays, des restrictions sur la production, le commerce et l’utilisation de certaines cultures GM ont été approuvées dans un soucis accru de contrôle public. Les États-Unis ont décidé (à l’issue de longs débats politiques) d’introduire l’étiquetage obligatoire des ingrédients OGM dans les produits alimentaires au cours d’une période de deux ans.
Sous la pression de groupes de la société civile, certains gouvernements – notamment en Asie du Sud-Est – ont accru leurs efforts visant à imposer l’adoption de pratiques de production durable dans les industries du palmier à huile de leurs pays respectifs. Les mesures réglementaires concernant le développement des palmiers à huile se sont concentrées sur la conservation des forêts et la prévention.
Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2016 xi
MESURES ET INITIATIVES SECTORIELLESLes normes du secteur privé ont continué de jouer un rôle important dans l’essor de l’économie mondiale des graines, des huiles et des farines d’oléagineux. En particulier, les normes volontaires du secteur sur les pratiques de production durable de l’huile de palme et du soja ont encore évolué en 2016, motivées par les fortes inquiétudes du public et sous la pression continue de groupes de la société civile. Dans le cas de l’huile de palme, la Table ronde sur la production durable d’huile de palme (le principal organe de certification et d’établissement des normes, à l’initiative de l’industrie) a non seulement adopté un code de production volontaire plus rigoureux, mais elle a également amélioré la traçabilité des échanges de certificats, et a renforcé ses exigences internes en matière de conformité et ses mécanismes de contrôle. En outre, de nouveaux efforts visant à améliorer l’accès des petits exploitants aux systèmes de certification ont été signalés dans plusieurs pays. Dans le même temps, les groupes de la société civile ont continué d’examiner les méthodes de production des différentes sociétés productrices de palmiers à huile. Ils ont également remis en question l’adhésion des acheteurs d’huile de palme, des institutions de prêt et autres parties prenantes à leurs propres engagements et politiques en matière de durabilité. En ce qui concerne les normes actuellement en vigueur, certains acteurs du secteur ont réclamé l’adoption de critères plus rigoureux, tandis que d’autres ont appuyé la mise en œuvre de règles moins strictes. Pour ce qui est des échanges, en 2016, la part de l’huile de palme certifiée durable commercialisée à travers les mécanismes Book&Claim (c’est-à-dire des canaux qui ne contribuent qu’indirectement aux systèmes de production durable) a chuté à 35 pour cent, ce qui signifie que près de 65 pour cent des échanges ont été réalisés à travers des chaînes d’approvisionnement physiques – contre seulement 45 pour cent en 2015. Cependant, la demande mondiale d’huile de palme certifiée durable par les utilisateurs finaux est restée inférieure à l’offre disponible, ce qui affaiblit sérieusement la rentabilité de la certification
Le débat public concernant la production durable de soja reste moins intense que dans le secteur de l’huile de palme, même si la pression a été maintenue en 2016 sur les entreprises pour les inciter à produire du soja de manière plus responsable. Bien que les organes nationaux et internationaux certifiant la production durable de soja aient signalé une augmentation de la production et des ventes de soja certifiées, la part de marché des produits certifiés reste faible. En outre, le marché s’appuie principalement sur les échanges de certificat plutôt que sur les chaînes d’approvisionnement physiques. Au Brésil, le moratoire du secteur privé sur les achats de soja produit sur des terres défrichées illégalement dans la région de l’Amazone est devenu permanent (après avoir été renouvelé chaque année depuis 2008).
En ce qui concerne les OGM, les efforts déployés par le secteur pour séparer les cultures non-GM des cultures GM se sont poursuivis en 2016, en raison notamment de l’intérêt des commerçants de garantir les primes associées aux ventes de produits sans OGM. En outre, plusieurs nouvelles initiatives des fabricants alimentaires visant à offrir des produits non GM – pour satisfaire les préférences de certains consommateurs – ont été signalées.
En ce qui concerne la production d’agrocarburants dans l’UE, les groupes de défense de l’environnement ont continué de remettre en question la capacité des biodiesels produits à partir de cultures à réduire les émissions de GES. Parallèlement, plusieurs nouvelles initiatives sectorielles visant à remplacer les matières premières alimentaires (pour la production de biodiesel) par des produits non alimentaires – notamment du suif, des huiles de cuisson usagées et d’autres déchets agricoles – ont été signalées, en particulier en Europe. En outre, en Asie du Sud-Est, davantage de compagnies se sont tournées vers la production d’énergie à partir de déchets de noix de coco et des effluents issus des moulins à huile de palme.
En 2016, les efforts de recherche-développement, universitaires et à l’initiative du secteur, se sont concentrés sur les domaines suivants: i) la lutte contre les maladies dans la sojaculture; ii) les méthodes de raffinage de l’huile végétale sans gras trans; iii) les techniques pour détecter le frelatage de l’huile d’olive et l’optimisation des procédés d’extraction de l’huile d’olive; et iv) le développement de nouvelles variétés de graines oléagineuses (y compris par des techniques d’hybridation traditionnelles, sans OGM) caractérisées par de meilleurs rendements et d’autres attributs d’intérêt économique ou par des propriétés spéciales en termes de santé.
En ce qui concerne les marchés internationaux, les entreprises chinoises ont encore consolidé leur présence sur les marchés internationaux des céréales et des graines oléagineuses, réduisant ainsi la dépendance nationale à l’égard des fournisseurs étrangers et des commerçants tiers. Les sociétés malaisiennes productrices d’huile de palme – confrontées à des pénuries de terre et de main-d’œuvre – ont établi des activités aux Philippines. Au Brésil, les options de transport via les couloirs d’exportation du nord du pays se sont considérablement améliorées grâce à des investissements privés d’envergure dans les infrastructures portuaires.
En ce qui concerne les marchés à terme, la principale bourse chinoise pour les produits agricoles envisage le lancement d’options sur la farine de soja, et la bourse d’échange de Chicago (CME) a établi un partenariat avec Bursa Malaysia et Thomson Reuters en vue d’ajouter à ses activités quatre nouveaux contrats sur l’huile de palme.
xii Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2016
Introducción
La finalidad de este compendio es facilitar, en un único documento, un panorama general de los principales cambios de política y medidas conexas adoptadas por el sector privado en relación con los mercados mundial y nacionales de semillas oleaginosas, aceites, grasas y harinas en un año determinado, en este caso 2016.
El compendio reproduce, en forma tabular, todas las políticas y noticias del sector industrial aparecidas durante 2016 en la publicación FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). El objetivo principal es facilitar la labor de los responsables de las políticas, expertos de mercado, analistas y otras partes interesadas, proporcionándoles un panorama general breve y conciso de las novedades de política pertinentes a la industria de las semillas oleaginosas a nivel mundial, regional y nacional.
Aunque se ha hecho todo lo posible para cubrir las novedades más destacadas y pertinentes, la lista de noticias presentadas no es exhaustiva. Basándose en una variedad de fuentes, los informes presentados se concentran en factores clave, absteniéndose de evaluaciones profundas sobre su impacto.
Las noticias se presentan divididas en dos grupos principales: 1) cambios de política aplicados (u objeto de examen) por los gobiernos nacionales, y 2) iniciativas voluntarias del sector industrial, que incluyen las medidas adoptadas por las empresas privadas, asociaciones del sector, grupos de la sociedad civil e instituciones de investigación y financieras.
En los cuadros, las novedades en materia de políticas nacionales se agrupan por ámbitos de política y por países (en orden alfabético), incluidas las referencias al mes de aplicación y al producto de interés. Por otro lado, las medidas del sector industrial se presentan por tema y en orden cronológico, con indicación del país involucrado.
Agradacimientos: Este informe ha sido elaborado por el equipo semillas oleaginosas de la Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST), bajo la dirección de P. Thoenes y con la ayuda de G. Karumathy y M. Milo. Se agradece el apoyo de R. Ashton que formateó este informe.
©/Flickr Ann Berlin
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2016 xiii
Aspectos más destacados
En las siguientes líneas se presentan de manera resumida los cambios de política y tendencias más relevantes observadas en 2016. En los cuadros que figuran a continuación (disponibles sólo en inglés) se proporciona información más detallada.
POLÍTICAS GUBERNAMENTALES
En lo que se refiere a las políticas agrícolas, el apoyo público a los planes de seguro de las cosechas (tanto de las semillas oleaginosas como de otros cultivos) ha aumentado en varios países, principalmente en el Brasil y la India. China, junto con su decisión de abandonar las políticas de acumulación de existencias de maíz, comenzó a ofrecer incentivos a los agricultores para que dejaran el cultivo del maíz y pasaran al de la soja. La India añadió una prima especial al incentivo de precio mínimo ofrecido para las semillas oleaginosas y las legumbres, con objeto de estimular la producción de estos cultivos y reducir el déficit de los suministros internos.
Medidas de desarrollo del sector: Los países de Asia meridional y sudoriental y el Pacífico y, en menor medida, de África, aplicaron varias medidas encaminadas a fortalecer las empresas de producción de semillas oleaginosas existentes o promover las emergentes, incluidas las actividades de elaboración posteriores. El objetivo de la mayoría de las intervenciones fue hacer frente a los déficit de suministros internos, las necesidades de rehabilitación del sector o las oportunidades de diversificación de la producción. Aunque se seleccionó una amplia variedad de semillas oleaginosas, los sectores del aceite de coco, el aceite de palma y los olivos recibieron una atención particular
En varios países, la aprobación de plaguicidas y las normas relacionadas con su empleo han sido objetos de análisis por parte de los responsables de las políticas, reflejando una mayor preocupación por los posibles riesgos ambientales y sanitarios. En cuanto a las medidas de control de las enfermedades, la UE siguió realizando esfuerzos por combatir una infección bacteriana que afecta a los olivos y aplicando medidas para contener su propagación durante 2016.
En la Argentina, el Gobierno medió en el desacuerdo entre las empresas productoras de semillas y los agricultores sobre el pago de regalías, pero, en diciembre de 2016, todavía no se había encontrado una solución permanente.
En lo concerniente a las políticas en materia de biocombustibles/bioenergía, los objetivos de consumo obligatorio para biodiesel se han elevado en varios países (principalmente en los Estados Unidos, Indonesia y el Brasil), mientras que en otros (Malasia y Tailandia), se pospusieron los aumentos previstos. En particular, cabe mencionar el mayor uso por parte de Indonesia del aceite de palma para la producción de biodiesel (ayudado por las subvenciones gubernamentales), para cumplir con las ambiciosas metas nacionales en materia de consumo interno de biocombustibles. En los Estados Unidos, la mezcla de biodiesel con diesel regular siguió beneficiándose de exenciones fiscales. En cambio, el apoyo público a la producción y comercialización de biodiesel se ha reducido en Australia, Colombia y Tailandia. La UE (en diciembre de 2016) estaba considerando reducir la importancia de los biocombustibles de primera generación (como los biodiesel basados en aceites vegetales) después de 2020.
Numerosos gobiernos siguieron utilizando instrumentos de regulación del mercado (como umbrales para precios internos, beneficios fiscales y límites a la acumulación de existencia privadas), en especial en Asia meridional y sudoriental, ya sea para proteger los ingresos de los productores de semillas oleaginosas o para estabilizar los precios al por menor internos del aceite para cocinar. Las compras públicas, la acumulación de existencias y las ventas en subastas siguen realizándose en China (para la soja y el aceite de colza) y la India (para las nueces de coco y el aceite de coco). Además, la India ha puesto en marcha un nuevo plan de compra de aceite de palma para impulsar el desarrollo de la producción de aceite de palma en el país. En el Canadá, las medidas gubernamentales especiales para facilitar el flujo de suministros de semillas oleaginosas/cereales y superar los estrangulamientos logísticos se mantuvieron en 2016.
xiv Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2016
En lo que se refiere comercio internacional, varios países renovaron las medidas existentes o introdujeron otras nuevas para promover la exportación de semillas oleaginosas y productos derivados. En la Argentina, las restricciones y los impuestos a la exportación de productos básicos agrícolas clave se eliminaron en enero de 2016, con excepción del complejo de las semillas oleaginosas, donde los impuestos se reducirán gradualmente a partir de enero de 2018. En Indonesia y Malasia se mantuvieron los regímenes impositivos móviles para las exportaciones de aceite de palma.
En lo que respecta a las importaciones, los cambios más importantes se refieren a la reducción o suspensión de los derechos de importación para hacer frente a la escasez de suministros internos y controlar la inflación de los precios internos de los alimentos, con la India como el ejemplo más destacado. En cuanto a las medidas no arancelarias, China limitó temporalmente, por razones fitosanitarias, las importaciones del Canadá, mientras que Indonesia introdujo controles estatales a las importaciones de soja con objeto de promover la producción nacional de este producto.
Las negociaciones relativas a varios acuerdos comerciales bilaterales de amplio alcance y las iniciativas orientadas específicamente a los productos de semillas oleaginosas prosiguieron en 2016, con la participación de varias importantes naciones exportadoras/importadoras. En lo que concierne a las controversias comerciales bilaterales, la OMC intervino dos casos (relativos a las importaciones de biodiesel por la UE y de aceite de palma por la Federación de Rusia), y constató violaciones de las normas de la OMC y de los compromisos nacionales. Además, se generó una nueva controversia entre el Perú y la Argentina en relación con el comercio de biodiesel.
Con respecto a las normas alimentarias, dos países, el Canadá y Chile, impusieron el etiquetado obligatorio del contenido de grasas saturadas en los productos alimenticios, mientras que otros propusieron reglamentar estrictamente la presencia de grasas trans en los alimentos o prohibirla. En otras partes, se han aplicado varias otras medidas en materia de inocuidad de los alimentos, en particular instrumentos para luchar contra la adulteración de los aceites vegetales.
Con respecto a los OMG, China indicó que podría suavizar gradualmente la estricta postura contra los OMG adoptada en los años anteriores, añadiendo que podía considerar la posibilidad de desarrollar variedades de maíz y soja modificadas genéticamente. La India, que autorizó pruebas sobre el terreno con algunos cultivos modificados genéticamente en 2015, aprobó técnicamente una semilla de mostaza modificada geneticamente y desarrollada localmente tras llevar a cabo una evaluación de los posibles riegos sanitarios y ambientales. En otros países, las restricciones a la producción, el comercio y utilización de cultivos de OMG se mantuvieron como consecuencias de una mayor vigilancia pública. Los Estados Unidos decidieron (poniendo fin a extensos debates de política) introducir el etiquetado obligatorio de ingredientes de OMG en los productos alimenticios durante un período de dos años.
Bajo la presión de grupos de la sociedad civil, algunos gobiernos, principalmente de Asia sudoriental, aumentaron sus esfuerzos por imponer la adopción de prácticas de producción sostenible por parte de las empresas productoras de aceite de palma de sus respectivos países. Las medidas regulatorias relacionadas con el desarrollo del aceite de palma se concentraron en la conservación de los bosques y la prevención de incendios, la restauración de las turberas y la protección de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas y de los trabajadores de las plantaciones.
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2016 xv
MEDIDAS E INICIATIVAS DEL SECTOR INDUSTRIAL
Las normas del sector privado siguieron desempeñando un papel importante en moldear la economía mundial de semillas oleaginosas, aceites y harinas. En particular, las normas voluntarias del sector industrial relativas a las prácticas de producción sostenible para el aceite de palma y la soja siguieron desarrollándose en 2016, impulsadas por la profunda preocupación pública y la constante presión de grupos de la sociedad civil. En el caso del aceite de palma, la Mesa redonda sobre el aceite de palma sostenible (el principal órgano de certificación y establecimiento de normas del sector dirigido por la industria), además de lanzar un código voluntario más riguroso de producción, mejoró la trazabilidad de la comercialización certificada y reforzó sus requisitos de conformidad y mecanismos de control internos. Además, se informó de nuevos esfuerzos por mejorar el acceso de los pequeños productores a la certificación en varios países. Al mismo tiempo, grupos de la sociedad civil siguieron evaluando los métodos de producción de distintas empresas productoras de aceite de palma. Asimismo, cuestionaron la adhesión de los compradores, las instituciones de préstamos y otros interesados a sus propias políticas y compromisos en materia de sostenibilidad. En cuanto a las normas disponibles actualmente, algunas actores industriales solicitaron la adopción de criterios más rigurosos, mientras que otros se mostraron favorables a la aplicación de normas menos estrictas. En lo que se refiere al comercio, en 2016 la proporción del aceite de palma sostenible certificado comercializado a través de los mecanismos Book&Claim (es decir, los canales que contribuyen solo indirectamente a los sistemas de producción sostenibles) se redujo al 35 por ciento, lo que implica que hasta un 65 por ciento se vendió a través de cadenas de suministro físicas, en comparación con solo el 45 por ciento en 2015. Sin embargo, la demanda mundial de aceite de palma certificado por parte de los usuarios finales siguió situándose por debajo de los suministros disponibles, reduciendo realmente la rentabilidad de la certificación.
En comparación con el aceite de palma, el debate público sobre la producción sostenible de soja siguió siendo menos intenso, aunque prosiguieron las presiones sobre las empresas en 2016 para que proporcionaran soja de manera más responsable. Aunque los órganos nacionales e internacionales que certifican la producción de soja sostenible declararon un aumento de la producción y las ventas de soja certificada, la cuota global de mercado de los productos certificados siguió siendo reducida. Además, el mercado dependió en su mayor parte de los mecanismos Book&Claim y no de las cadenas de suministro físicas. En el Brasil, la moratoria del sector privado de compras de soja producida en tierras desbrozadas ilegalmente en la región amazónica se ha vuelto permanente (tras haberse renovado todos los años desde 2008).
Con respecto a los OMG, los esfuerzos de las empresas por separar los cultivos no modificados genéticamente de aquellos modificados genéticamente continuaron en 2016, reflejando el interés comercial para asegurar las primas asociadas a las ventas de productos sin OMG. Además, se tienen noticias de varias nuevas iniciativas emprendidas por fabricantes de alimentos para ofrecer productos sin OMG para atender las preferencias de los consumidores.
En lo que se refiere a los biocombustibles, en la UE los grupos de promoción ambiental siguieron cuestionando la capacidad del biodiesel basado en cultivos de reducir las emisiones de GEI. Entretanto, se informó de varias nuevas iniciativas industriales para reemplazar materia prima alimentaria con materia no alimentaria (principalmente sebo, aceite de cocina usado y otros desechos agrícolas), en especial en Europa. Además, en Asia sudoriental un número mayor de empresas ha comenzado ha producir energía a partir de desechos de coco y derivados de la extractora de aceite de palma.
Los esfuerzos de investigación y desarrollo llevados a cabo por la industria y el mundo académico en 2016 se concentraron en las siguientes esferas: i) control de enfermedades en el cultivo de soja; ii) métodos de refinado del aceite vegetal sin grasas trans; iii) técnicas para detectar adulteraciones en el aceite de oliva y optimización de los procesos de extracción del dicho aceite, y iv) desarrollo de nuevas variedades de semillas oleaginosas (entre otros, mediante técnicas de mejoramiento tradicionales libres de OMG), caracterizadas por mejores rendimientos y otros rasgos de interés económico o atributos sanitarios especiales.
Con respecto a los mercados internacionales, las empresas chinas consolidaron en mayor medida su presencia en los mercados internacionales de cereales y semillas oleaginosas, reduciendo de esta manera la dependencia nacional de los proveedores extranjeros y comerciantes de terceras partes. Unas compañías malayas de producción de aceite de palma, ante la escasez de tierras y mano de obra a que hacen frente, establecieron proyectos en Filipinas. En el Brasil las opciones de transporte a través del corredor de exportación del norte del país mejoraron considerablemente tras importantes inversiones privadas en infraestructura portuaria.
Con respecto a los mercados a término, la principal bolsa de productos básicos agrícolas de China consideró el lanzamiento de opciones de harina de soja, y el Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) con sede en Chicago se asoció con Bursa Malaysia y Thomson Reuters para añadir cuatro nuevos contratos de aceite de palma a sus actividades.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 1
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
1AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Braz
ilM
arch
Agric
ultu
ral
com
mod
ities
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Bra
zil h
as e
xpan
ded
the
fede
ral p
rogr
amm
e su
ppor
ting
the
colle
ctive
bar
gain
ing
of
crop
insu
ranc
e pa
ckag
es b
y soy
bean
farm
ers.
In 2
016
tota
l gov
ernm
ent o
utla
ys fo
r the
pro
gram
me,
whi
ch
was
first
laun
ched
on
a tri
al b
asis
in A
ugus
t 201
5, h
ave
been
raise
d fro
m B
RL 3
0 m
illion
(USD
8.3
milli
on) t
o 32
milli
on (U
SD 8
.9 m
illion
). Th
e m
axim
um s
ubsid
y av
aila
ble
for i
ndivi
dual
gro
ups
of p
rodu
cers
(cov
erin
g at
leas
t 200
farm
ers
or 2
0 00
0 he
ctar
es) h
as b
een
raise
d to
BRL
800
000
(USD
221
thou
sand
).
2AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Braz
ilM
ayAg
ricul
tura
l co
mm
oditi
esTh
e go
vern
men
t pre
sent
ed it
s ag
ricul
tura
l sup
port
pack
age
for t
he 2
016/
17 s
easo
n. To
tal p
ublic
out
lays
fo
r com
mer
cial
farm
ing
will
amou
nt to
BRL
202
billi
on (U
SD 5
9 bi
llion)
, 8 p
erce
nt m
ore
than
last
yea
r, bu
t les
s th
an th
e 20
15 in
flatio
n ra
te o
f 10–
11 p
erce
nt. T
he b
ulk
of fu
nds
(83
perc
ent)
will
be a
lloca
ted
to lo
ans
for p
rodu
ctio
n an
d m
arke
ting
oper
atio
ns. T
he a
mou
nt e
arm
arke
d fo
r on-
farm
inve
stm
ent l
oans
w
ill de
clin
e by
11
perc
ent,
com
pare
d w
ith la
st y
ear’s
allo
catio
n. A
bout
70
perc
ent o
f the
pro
duct
ion/
mar
ketin
g lo
ans
will
be o
ffere
d at
sub
sidi
zed
inte
rest
rat
es o
f 9.5
–11.
25 p
erce
nt, s
igni
fican
tly a
bove
la
st s
easo
n’s
rate
s. A
s to
inve
stm
ent
loan
s, o
nly
12 p
erce
nt w
ill be
sub
sidi
zed,
with
rat
es r
angi
ng
8.5–
9.5
perc
ent (
agai
n ab
ove
last
sea
son’
s le
vel).
The
rem
aind
er o
f the
loan
s w
ill be
pro
vide
d at
mar
ket
rate
s –
with
the
benc
hmar
k ra
te c
urre
ntly
sta
ndin
g at
14.
5 pe
rcen
t. In
divi
dual
farm
er h
ouse
hold
s w
ill be
nefit
from
hig
her b
orro
win
g lim
its –
gen
eral
ly 8
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t abo
ve la
st s
easo
n’s
leve
ls. G
over
nmen
t ou
tlays
for c
rop
insu
ranc
e su
bsid
ies
have
bee
n do
uble
d.
3AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Braz
ilJu
neAg
ricul
tura
l co
mm
oditi
esAc
cord
ing
to u
noffi
cial
sou
rces
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Bra
zil p
ledg
ed to
mak
e av
aila
ble
BRL
21 b
illion
(U
SD 6
.4 b
illion
) in
addi
tiona
l cre
dit f
or o
n-fa
rm in
vest
men
t dur
ing
the
2016
/17
agric
ultu
ral c
ampa
ign.
Th
e m
easu
re a
ims
at in
crea
sing
the
flow
of f
undi
ng to
war
d th
e pu
rcha
se o
f far
m e
quip
men
t and
oth
er
inve
stm
ents
in a
yea
r cha
ract
erize
d by
tigh
t cre
dit s
uppl
ies
and
risin
g bo
rrow
ing
cost
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Ju
ne’1
6).
4AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naM
aySo
ybea
nC
hina
is p
lann
ing
to e
xpan
d its
soy
bean
are
a ov
er th
e ne
xt fi
ve y
ears
, mos
tly a
t the
exp
ense
of l
ess
lucr
ativ
e m
aize
cul
tivat
ion,
offi
cial
sour
ces i
nfor
med
. The
stat
emen
t was
pre
cede
d by
the
anno
unce
men
t th
e co
untry
wou
ld a
band
on it
s st
ate
proc
urem
ent a
nd s
tock
pilin
g po
licy
for m
aize
, as
alre
ady
done
for
cotto
n, s
oybe
an a
nd ra
pese
ed. T
he g
over
nmen
t set
its
2020
targ
et fo
r soy
bean
pla
ntin
gs a
t 9.3
3 m
illion
he
ctar
es, w
hich
com
pare
s w
ith 6
.45
milli
on h
ecta
res
plan
ted
in 2
015.
The
are
a ex
pans
ion
wou
ld b
e co
ncen
trate
d in
regi
ons
whe
re s
oybe
ans
are
tradi
tiona
lly g
row
n. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e go
vern
men
t will
roll
out p
lans
to e
ncou
rage
farm
ers
to s
witc
h fro
m m
aize
to s
oybe
an c
ultiv
atio
n. In
vest
men
ts in
tech
nolo
gy
to im
prov
e yi
elds
and
spe
cific
sup
port
for s
oybe
an g
row
ers
are
envi
sage
d. A
vera
ge s
oybe
an y
ield
s ar
e pr
ojec
ted
to ri
se fr
om c
urre
ntly
1.8
tonn
es p
er h
ecta
re to
ove
r 2 to
nnes
per
hec
tare
, whi
ch, c
ombi
ned
with
the
pla
nned
are
a ex
pans
ion,
wou
ld b
oost
the
cou
ntry
’s ou
tput
to
19 m
illion
ton
nes
by 2
020
– so
me
60 to
70
perc
ent a
bove
the
curre
nt le
vel.
The
gove
rnm
ent i
nten
ds to
pro
mot
e th
e cu
ltiva
tion
of
high
-pro
tein
non
-GM
soy
bean
var
ietie
s so
as
to m
eet r
isin
g do
mes
tic d
eman
d fo
r pro
tein
-ric
h fo
od.
Ther
efor
e, lo
cal p
rodu
ctio
n w
ill co
ntin
ue t
o be
dev
oted
to
edib
le p
urpo
ses
(via
the
tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
of b
eans
into
tem
peh,
tofu
, soy
milk
and
sim
ilar p
rodu
cts)
, whe
reas
dom
estic
dem
and
for s
oyoi
l and
so
ymea
l will
cont
inue
to b
e sa
tisfie
d vi
a th
e cr
ushi
ng o
f im
porte
d be
ans.
Priv
ate
anal
ysts
com
men
ted
that
soy
bean
retu
rns
may
not
be
suffi
cien
tly a
ttrac
tive
to a
chie
ve th
e pl
anne
d sh
ift in
pla
ntin
gs, c
iting
hi
gh d
omes
tic la
bour
and
inpu
t cos
ts a
s w
ell a
s th
e da
mpe
ning
effe
ct o
f che
ap s
oybe
an im
ports
on
dom
estic
pric
es. P
lant
ing
deci
sion
s ar
e lik
ely
to b
e in
fluen
ced
by v
ario
us ty
pes
of s
ubsi
dies
, esp
ecia
lly
dire
ct p
aym
ents
to fa
rmer
s, w
hich
are
exp
ecte
d to
repl
ace
crop
pro
cure
men
t sys
tem
s.
Tabl
e 1.
G
over
nmen
t pol
icie
s im
plem
ente
d in
201
6
2 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
5AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Chi
naO
ctob
erO
ilcro
psAs
a m
eans
to
curb
dom
estic
mai
ze s
uppl
ies,
far
mer
s in
Chi
na’s
mai
n gr
ain
expo
rting
pro
vinc
e H
eilo
ngjia
ng w
ill re
ceiv
e su
bsid
ies
of C
NY
150/
mu
(USD
330
/ha)
for r
otat
ing
mai
ze c
rops
with
soy
bean
. To
geth
er w
ith th
e na
tion-
wid
e so
ybea
n ta
rget
pric
e of
CN
Y 4
800
per t
onne
(USD
705
) tha
t is
appl
ied
sinc
e 20
14, t
he m
easu
re is
like
ly to
sig
nific
antly
stim
ulat
e so
ybea
n pl
antin
gs in
Hei
long
jiang
nex
t yea
r, th
us s
uppo
rting
gov
ernm
ent e
fforts
to m
anag
e th
e co
untry
’s ov
ersu
pply
of m
aize
. Und
er th
e pr
ovin
cial
pr
ogra
mm
e, w
hich
will
be e
nact
ed o
n a
trial
bas
is o
ver t
he n
ext 3
–5 y
ears
, an
estim
ated
0.4
3 m
illion
ha
of fo
rmer
mai
ze a
rea
are
expe
cted
to b
enefi
t fro
m s
ubsi
dies
, whi
ch s
houl
d tra
nsla
te in
to a
16
perc
ent
expa
nsio
n in
Hei
long
jiang
’s so
y ar
ea. T
he g
over
nmen
t als
o co
nfirm
ed it
s na
tiona
l pro
duct
ion
targ
ets
for t
he m
ain
oils
eed
crop
s in
the
year
202
0: 1
8.9
milli
on to
nnes
for s
oybe
ans,
16.
2 m
illion
tonn
es fo
r ra
pese
ed, a
nd 1
8.7
milli
on to
nnes
for g
roun
dnut
– w
hich
com
pare
s to
out
put l
evel
s of
, res
pect
ivel
y, 11
.6 m
illion
, 14.
9 m
illion
, and
16.
4 m
illion
tonn
es in
201
5 (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’16
). Th
e fig
ures
con
firm
th
at th
e st
rong
est g
row
th is
env
isag
ed fo
r soy
bean
s, b
ased
on
an e
xpan
sion
in p
lant
ings
at t
he e
xpen
se
of m
aize
.
6AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aJa
nuar
yAg
ricul
tura
l co
mm
oditi
esIn
Jan
uary
201
5, In
dia’
s cen
tral g
over
nmen
t app
rove
d a
new
cro
p in
sura
nce
sche
me,
whi
ch is
to re
plac
e th
e th
ree
exis
ting
natio
nal f
arm
insu
ranc
e pr
ogra
mm
es. T
he m
ajor
cro
ps in
sure
d w
ill be
oils
eeds
, ric
e,
whe
at, p
ulse
s an
d co
arse
gra
ins.
The
new
sch
eme
is s
uppo
sed
to b
e in
pla
ce b
y Ju
ne, i
n tim
e fo
r the
20
16 K
harif
sea
son.
By
2018
-19,
the
fede
ral b
udge
t for
cro
p in
sura
nce
is s
et to
clim
b to
INR
77.5
billi
on
(USD
1.1
4 bi
llion)
, mor
e th
an d
oubl
e th
e cu
rrent
spe
ndin
g le
vel.
The
incr
ease
in o
utla
ys w
ill be
use
d to
sub
sidi
ze fa
rm in
sura
nce
prem
ium
s by
alm
ost 8
0 pe
rcen
t, up
from
the
curre
nt 4
5-70
per
cent
. Ove
r th
e ne
xt tw
o-to
-thre
e ye
ars,
the
gove
rnm
ent h
opes
to ra
ise
the
area
cov
ered
by
the
prog
ram
me
from
23
per
cent
to 5
0 pe
rcen
t of t
otal
are
a cr
oppe
d. P
artic
ipat
ing
farm
ers
will
be e
xpec
ted
to p
ay p
rem
ium
ra
tes
of 2
per
cent
for K
harif
cro
ps a
nd o
f 1.5
per
cent
for R
abi c
rops
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to 3
.5–8
per
cent
un
der t
he e
xist
ing
prog
ram
mes
and
to m
arke
t-bas
ed ra
tes
of 1
0–12
per
cent
for K
harif
cro
ps a
nd o
f 8–
10 p
erce
nt fo
r Rab
i cro
ps. B
esid
es lo
w p
rem
ium
s, n
ew m
echa
nism
s ar
e pl
anne
d to
ens
ure
that
cro
p lo
sses
are
ass
esse
d an
d cl
aim
s se
ttled
in a
tim
ely
man
ner.
Mor
eove
r, it
is e
nvis
aged
to e
xpan
d th
e ra
nge
of ri
sks
cove
red,
to re
mov
e th
e ex
istin
g ca
ps o
n su
ms
insu
red
and
to im
prov
e th
e pr
oces
s of
de
term
inin
g cr
op lo
sses
by c
arry
ing
out l
ocal
leve
l ass
essm
ents
. The
gov
ernm
ent’s
initi
ativ
e is
sign
ifica
nt
as th
e co
untry
is fa
cing
dro
ught
for t
he s
econ
d st
raig
ht y
ear d
ue to
poo
r mon
soon
rain
s –
a ca
use
of
maj
or d
istre
ss to
farm
ers.
Inde
pend
ent o
bser
vers
hav
e hi
ghlig
hted
the
mul
tiple
cha
lleng
es in
volv
ed in
pr
ovid
ing
insu
ranc
e to
sm
all a
nd m
argi
nal f
arm
ers,
who
cul
tivat
e pl
ots
of le
ss th
an 2
hec
tare
s.
7AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aFe
brua
ryC
opra
In I
ndia
, th
e 20
16 p
rocu
rem
ent
pric
es f
or m
illing
and
bal
l co
pra
have
bee
n se
t at
, re
spec
tivel
y, IN
R 59
500
(USD
888
) and
INR
62 4
00 (U
SD 9
32) p
er to
nne
– up
7 p
erce
nt c
ompa
red
to la
st y
ear.
8AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aJu
neKh
arif
oilc
rops
The
gove
rnm
ent
of I
ndia
rai
sed
the
min
imum
sup
port
pric
es (
MSP
) fo
r al
l 201
6/17
Kha
rif s
easo
n cr
ops,
effe
ctiv
e 1s
t Oct
ober
201
6. P
ulse
s an
d oi
lsee
d cr
ops
will
enjo
y a
spec
ial b
onus
rese
rved
for
crop
s ch
arac
teriz
ed b
y w
iden
ing
dom
estic
sup
ply
defic
its. F
or u
nshe
lled
grou
ndnu
ts, t
he n
ew M
SP
(incl
udin
g th
e bo
nus)
am
ount
s to
INR
42 2
00 (U
SD 6
28) p
er to
nne
– up
5 p
erce
nt fr
om la
st s
easo
n.
The
corre
spon
ding
val
ues
for y
ello
w a
nd b
lack
soy
bean
, sun
flow
erse
ed, n
iger
seed
and
ses
ame
are,
re
spec
tivel
y: I
NR
27 7
50 (U
SD 4
13),
up 7
per
cent
; IN
R 39
500
(USD
588
), up
4 p
erce
nt; I
NR
38 2
50
(USD
569
), up
5 p
erce
nt; a
nd IN
R 50
000
(USD
744
), up
6 p
erce
nt. F
or c
ompa
rison
, the
sup
port
pric
es
for p
ulse
s, p
addy
, mai
ze a
nd c
otto
n ha
ve b
een
rais
ed b
y, re
spec
tivel
y, 8
perc
ent,
4 pe
rcen
t, 3
perc
ent,
and
1 pe
rcen
t.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 3
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
9AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Agric
ultu
ral
com
mod
ities
Indi
a’s
cent
ral g
over
nmen
t has
take
n st
eps
to p
rovi
de re
lief t
o fa
rmer
s an
d sm
all t
rade
rs o
f agr
icul
tura
l go
od a
ffect
ed b
y its
dec
isio
n to
ban
the
circ
ulat
ion
of s
ome
bank
not
es. I
n pa
rticu
lar,
the
coun
try’s
Nat
iona
l Ban
k fo
r Agr
icul
ture
and
Rur
al D
evel
opm
ent (
NAB
ARD)
was
inst
ruct
ed to
pro
vide
add
ition
al
loan
s to
ena
ble
farm
ers
to b
uy s
eed
and
ferti
lizer
s fo
r the
cul
tivat
ion
of w
inte
r-sow
n cr
ops,
incl
udin
g ra
pe a
nd m
usta
rdse
ed. O
ther
mea
sure
s ta
ken
incl
ude
the
rela
xatio
n of
cas
h w
ithdr
awal
nor
ms,
the
pe
rmis
sion
to p
urch
ase
seed
s w
ith o
utla
wed
ban
k no
tes
at s
elec
ted
gove
rnm
ent s
tore
s, a
nd e
xten
ded
time
limits
for t
he p
aym
ent o
f cro
p in
sura
nce
prem
ium
s.
10AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Rabi
oilc
rops
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ind
ia r
aise
d th
e m
inim
um s
uppo
rt pr
ices
(MSP
) for
win
ter-g
row
n (R
abi)
2016
/17
crop
s. T
he M
SP fo
r rap
esee
d –
incl
udin
g a
spec
ial b
onus
rese
rved
for c
rops
cha
ract
erize
d by
dom
estic
su
pply
defi
cits
(see
MPP
U J
ul’1
6) –
has
bee
n ra
ised
to IN
R 3
700
per q
uint
al (U
SD 5
48 p
er to
nne)
, up
10.4
per
cent
from
last
yea
r’s le
vel.
11AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aDe
cem
ber
Gro
undn
utTh
e st
ate
gove
rnm
ent
of A
ndhr
a Pr
ades
h (In
dia)
info
rmed
tha
t it
wou
ld c
over
insu
ranc
e cl
aim
s by
fa
rmer
s w
hose
gro
undn
ut c
rop
has
been
dam
aged
by
adve
rse
wea
ther
dur
ing
the
2016
Kha
rif s
easo
n.
Nea
rly 7
00 th
ousa
nd fa
rmer
s ar
e ex
pect
ed to
ben
efit f
rom
the
mea
sure
. Rep
orte
dly,
in A
ndhr
a Pr
ades
h,
less
than
one
third
of t
he a
rea
plan
ted
with
gro
undn
ut c
ould
be
harv
este
d du
e to
lack
of r
ainf
all.
12AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Indi
aDe
cem
ber
Rabi
oilc
rops
In In
dia,
min
imum
sup
port
pric
es fo
r Rab
i cro
ps (w
hich
wer
e so
wn
in N
ovem
ber/D
ecem
ber 2
016
for
harv
est d
urin
g th
e fir
st h
alf o
f 201
7) h
ave
been
rais
ed fr
om la
st s
easo
n’s
leve
l. Fo
r oilc
rops
, the
y w
ere
set a
bout
10
perc
ent h
ighe
r, at
INR
3 70
0 pe
r qui
ntal
(USD
544
per
tonn
e) fo
r bot
h ra
pe/m
usta
rdse
ed
and
saffl
ower
seed
– in
clud
ing
a bo
nus
that
is g
rant
ed to
oils
eed
crop
s to
ince
ntiv
ize th
eir c
ultiv
atio
n an
d th
us c
urb
the
coun
try’s
relia
nce
on im
ports
. For
com
paris
on, t
he s
uppo
rt pr
ices
for p
ulse
s, w
heat
and
ba
rley
have
bee
n in
crea
sed
by, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
14–1
6 pe
rcen
t, 7
perc
ent a
nd 8
per
cent
.
13AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Uga
nda
Augu
stAg
ricul
tura
l co
mm
oditi
esTh
e U
gand
an G
over
nmen
t ha
s la
unch
ed a
sub
sidi
zed
crop
ins
uran
ce s
chem
e to
ass
ist
farm
ers.
Re
porte
dly,
depe
ndin
g on
farm
size
and
loca
tion,
30
– 80
per
cent
of t
he in
sura
nce
prem
ium
s w
ill be
co
vere
d by
the
stat
e. T
he s
chem
e, w
hich
will
be o
pera
ted
thro
ugh
a pu
blic
-priv
ate
partn
ersh
ip b
etw
een
the
Gov
ernm
ent a
nd th
e co
untry
’s in
sure
rs a
ssoc
iatio
n, is
exp
ecte
d to
lim
it go
vern
men
t pro
visi
on o
f ad
-hoc
ass
ista
nce
to fa
rmer
s, h
elp
impr
ove
farm
ers’
acc
ess
to c
redi
t, an
d in
crea
se h
ouse
hold
food
se
curit
y.
14AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t
Uni
ted
Stat
esO
ctob
erAg
ricul
tura
l co
mm
oditi
esTh
e U
SDA
info
rmed
tha
t m
any
of t
he 1
.7 m
illion
far
ms
that
enr
olle
d in
eith
er t
he A
gric
ultu
re R
isk
Cov
erag
e (A
RC) o
r Pr
ice
Loss
Cov
erag
e (P
LC) p
rogr
amm
es in
trodu
ced
in 2
014
(see
MPP
U F
eb’1
4)
will
rece
ive
safe
ty-n
et p
aym
ents
due
to m
arke
t dow
ntur
ns d
urin
g th
e 20
15 c
rop
year
. USD
A ex
pect
s to
m
ake
mor
e th
an U
SD 7
billi
on in
pay
men
ts to
com
pens
ate
farm
ers
for d
ecre
ases
in re
venu
es o
r cro
p pr
ices
, whi
ch a
mou
nts
to o
ver 1
0 pe
rcen
t of t
he p
roje
cted
201
6 ne
t far
m in
com
e. F
or c
ompa
rison
, in
2015
, pay
men
ts u
nder
the
two
prog
ram
mes
tota
lled
USD
5.2
billi
on. I
n bo
th y
ears
, a h
igh
perc
enta
ge o
f gr
ower
s of s
oybe
ans,
gro
undn
ut a
nd o
ther
oils
eeds
hav
e pa
rtici
pate
d in
the
conc
erne
d ris
k man
agem
ent
prog
ram
mes
.
15AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
East
& S
outh
ern
Afric
a/
Uni
ted
King
dom
May
Soyb
ean
The U
K G
over
nmen
t laun
ched
a ‘S
oybe
an C
halle
nge F
und’
to su
ppor
t the
dev
elop
men
t and
impr
ovem
ent
of re
gion
al so
ybea
n va
lue
chai
ns, in
clud
ing
the
prom
otio
n of
regi
onal
trad
e. T
he F
und
back
s par
tner
ship
s th
at h
elp
addr
ess
mar
ket f
ailu
res
in in
put/s
ervi
ce m
arke
ts, s
tora
ge, m
arke
t coo
rdin
atio
n m
echa
nism
and
po
licy
regu
latio
n. A
ssis
tanc
e is
targ
eted
at p
rivat
e se
ctor
org
aniza
tions
or p
rivat
e se
ctor
-led
cons
ortia
th
at w
ork
toge
ther
with
sm
all-s
cale
farm
ers
in th
e pr
oduc
tion
and
mar
ketin
g of
soy
bean
s.
4 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
16AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Ango
laJu
neO
il pa
lm
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of A
ngol
a ea
rmar
ked
five
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
prov
ince
s fo
r th
e pr
omot
ion
of o
il pa
lm
culti
vatio
n, in
form
ing
that
a n
umbe
r of d
etai
led
inve
stm
ent p
ropo
sals
are
alre
ady
unde
r con
side
ratio
n.
Onc
e an
impo
rtant
pro
duce
r and
exp
orte
r of p
alm
oil,
the
coun
try s
till c
an a
vail
of s
peci
alize
d pa
lm
rese
arch
sta
tions
, go
vern
men
t offi
cial
s sa
id.
Furth
erm
ore,
Ang
ola
is c
oope
ratin
g w
ith r
esea
rch
inst
itutio
ns in
the
Philip
pine
s, M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a, a
nd th
ere
are
plan
s to
sw
ap g
enet
ic m
ater
ial
with
thes
e co
untri
es to
impr
ove
Ango
la’s
palm
sto
ck.
17AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Can
ada
Febr
uary
Rape
seed
Fede
ral f
undi
ng w
ill be
mad
e av
aila
ble
thro
ugh
the
Can
ola
Cou
ncil
of C
anad
a to
hel
p dr
ive
inno
vatio
n an
d pr
ofita
bilit
y in
the
coun
try’s
rape
seed
indu
stry
. Inv
estm
ent p
roje
cts
will
be d
esig
ned
to im
prov
e yi
elds
and
to p
ositi
on th
e co
untry
’s ex
port-
orie
nted
sec
tor f
or fu
ture
gro
wth
and
sus
tain
abilit
y. Re
sear
ch
is e
xpec
ted
to fo
cus
on d
isea
se c
ontro
l, pl
ant e
stab
lishm
ent a
nd fe
rtilit
y m
anag
emen
t.
18AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Gha
naJu
lyO
il pa
lm
Repo
rtedl
y, in
Gha
na, t
he g
over
nmen
t is
cons
ider
ing
to a
ppro
ve th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f an
oil p
alm
boa
rd.
The
boar
d w
ould
be
task
ed to
regu
late
and
cre
ate
a co
nduc
ive
envi
ronm
ent f
or th
e gr
owth
of t
he o
il pa
lm s
ub-s
ecto
r. Th
e bo
dy w
ould
offe
r a p
latfo
rm fo
r for
mal
inte
ract
ions
bet
wee
n th
e go
vern
men
t and
th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
, esp
ecia
lly re
gard
ing
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
rele
vant
pol
icie
s, in
clud
ing
mea
sure
s to
en
sure
env
ironm
enta
lly s
usta
inab
le g
row
th. I
n th
is re
gard
, the
gov
ernm
ent r
eite
rate
d its
com
mitm
ent t
o pr
otec
t the
cou
ntry
’s tro
pica
l for
ests
whi
le d
evel
opin
g th
e oi
l pal
m s
ecto
r. G
hana
is o
ne o
f nin
e co
untri
es
parti
cipa
ting
in th
e Af
rica
Palm
Oil
Initi
ativ
e (A
POI),
a m
ulti-
stak
ehol
der
prog
ram
me
laun
ched
by
the
Trop
ical
For
est
Allia
nce
to h
elp
trans
form
the
pal
m o
il se
ctor
into
a s
usta
inab
le d
river
of l
ong-
term
, lo
w-c
arbo
n de
velo
pmen
t in
the
regi
on –
in a
way
that
is s
ocia
lly b
enefi
cial
and
pro
tect
s tro
pica
l for
ests
.
19AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aJa
nuar
yO
ilcro
psIn
dia
anno
unce
d th
e la
unch
of
dedi
cate
d pr
ogra
mm
es t
o pr
omot
e th
e pr
oduc
tion
of o
ilsee
ds a
nd
puls
es a
cros
s th
e co
untry
. The
new
initi
ativ
e is
sup
pose
d to
be
finan
ced
join
tly w
ith s
tate
gov
ernm
ents
. De
tails
hav
e ye
t to
be re
leas
ed. T
he la
st c
ompr
ehen
sive
, cou
ntry
-wid
e, s
uppo
rt pr
ogra
mm
e fo
r oilc
rops
w
as la
unch
ed b
ack
in 2
013
(see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
3), a
lthou
gh a
num
ber
of s
mal
ler
initi
ativ
es f
ocus
ing
on in
divi
dual
oilc
rops
, suc
h as
oil
palm
, oliv
e tre
e an
d su
nflow
erse
ed, h
ave
been
impl
emen
ted
mor
e re
cent
ly. D
urin
g th
e la
st 1
5 ye
ars,
dom
estic
dem
and
for o
ilcro
p pr
oduc
ts, e
spec
ially
edi
ble
oil,
expa
nded
co
nsid
erab
ly fa
ster
than
oilc
rop
prod
uctio
n, le
adin
g to
ste
ep ri
ses
in In
dia’
s im
ports
.
20AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aFe
brua
ryC
ocon
utIn
dia’
s C
ocon
ut D
evel
opm
ent
Boar
d w
ill co
ntrib
ute
publ
ic fu
nds
to 5
8 co
conu
t pr
oces
sing
pro
ject
s in
the
stat
es o
f Ker
ala
and
Karn
atak
a. T
he p
roje
cts
rela
te to
coc
onut
oil
man
ufac
turin
g, p
roce
ssin
g of
ne
era
(coc
onut
inflo
resc
ence
sap
), pr
oduc
tion
of fl
avou
red
coco
nut j
uice
, coc
onut
wat
er p
rese
rvat
ion
and
pack
agin
g, d
esic
cate
d co
conu
t pow
der p
roce
ssin
g, v
irgin
coc
onut
oil p
rodu
ctio
n, c
opra
dry
ing
and
ball-
copr
a m
akin
g, a
nd p
rodu
ctio
n of
act
ivat
ed c
arbo
n.
21AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aJu
neC
ocon
utTh
e C
ocon
ut D
evel
opm
ent B
oard
of I
ndia
info
rmed
that
it w
ill ex
tend
fina
ncia
l ass
ista
nce
to fa
rmer
s in
Ta
mil
Nad
u st
ate.
The
mea
sure
is a
imed
at r
epla
cing
sen
ile, d
isea
se in
fect
ed a
nd u
npro
duct
ive
palm
s,
and
reju
vena
ting
exis
ting
trees
thr
ough
inte
grat
ed m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es. S
ubsi
dies
will
amou
nt t
o IN
R 1
000
(USD
15)
for
the
cut
ting/
rem
oval
of
unpr
oduc
tive
palm
s an
d IN
R 17
500
(USD
261
) per
he
ctar
e fo
r rej
uven
atio
n m
easu
res.
In a
dditi
on, 5
0 pe
rcen
t of s
eedl
ing
cost
s w
ill be
cov
ered
.
22AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aJu
lyO
live
tree
In In
dia,
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Raj
asth
an h
as s
et u
p an
oliv
e oi
l cru
shin
g/re
finin
g pl
ant a
nd s
tarte
d pl
antin
g ol
ive
sapl
ings
impo
rted
from
Ita
ly, S
pain
, Is
rael
and
els
ewhe
re o
n st
ate-
owne
d fie
lds.
Rep
orte
dly,
Raja
stha
n’s
agro
-clim
atic
con
ditio
ns a
re f
ully
sui
tabl
e fo
r ol
ive
culti
vatio
n. T
he s
tate
-leve
l pro
ject
is
mea
nt to
hel
p re
duce
the
natio
n’s
heav
y de
pend
ence
on
impo
rted
edib
le o
ils (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Sep
.’15)
. Ac
cord
ing
to p
rivat
e se
ctor
repr
esen
tativ
es, a
cces
s to
adv
ance
d pr
oces
sing
tech
nolo
gy w
ill be
crit
ical
fo
r the
indu
stry
’s de
velo
pmen
t.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 5
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
23AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aAu
gust
Coc
onut
The
Indi
an C
ocon
ut D
evel
opm
ent B
oard
will
supp
ort 1
8 pr
ojec
ts w
orth
INR
128
milli
on (U
SD 1
.9 m
illion
) to
impr
ove
proc
essi
ng a
nd p
rodu
ct d
iver
sific
atio
n –
and
henc
e va
lue
addi
tion
– in
the
coco
nut s
ecto
r. Th
e bo
ard’
s to
tal fi
nanc
ial c
ontri
butio
n w
ill am
ount
to IN
R 5.
2 m
illion
(USD
78
thou
sand
). Th
e pr
ojec
ts
will
focu
s on
the
prod
uctio
n of
cop
ra, d
esic
cate
d co
conu
t pow
der,
virg
in c
ocon
ut o
il and
oth
er c
ocon
ut-
base
d fo
ods
as w
ell a
s ch
arco
al.
24AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aDe
cem
ber
Oil
palm
In
Indi
a, d
istri
ct o
ffici
als
of A
runa
chal
Pra
desh
Sta
te e
ncou
rage
d fa
rmer
s to
take
up
palm
oil
culti
vatio
n an
d an
noun
ced
the
follo
win
g pu
blic
-priv
ate
supp
ort
mea
sure
s:
subs
idie
s to
cov
er p
lant
atio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce c
osts
; inc
entiv
es fo
r pur
chas
ing
pum
ping
equ
ipm
ent;
assi
stan
ce fo
r int
ercr
oppi
ng; a
nd
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of l
ocal
cen
tres
for t
he c
olle
ctio
n of
oil
palm
frui
t bru
nche
s.
25AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aDe
cem
ber
Coc
onut
Und
er p
lans
to
revi
ve t
he c
ocon
ut in
dust
ry in
Ker
ala
Stat
e (In
dia)
, the
loca
l gov
ernm
ent
inte
nds
to
laun
ch a
cam
paig
n to
hig
hlig
ht th
e he
alth
ben
efits
of c
ocon
ut o
il. R
epor
tedl
y, du
e to
mis
conc
eptio
ns,
cons
umer
s ar
e in
crea
sing
ly s
witc
hing
to
othe
r oi
ls s
uch
as s
unflo
wer
and
pal
m o
il. T
o di
vers
ify t
he
loca
l mar
ket f
or c
ocon
ut p
rodu
cts,
the
gove
rnm
ent w
ill al
so s
uppo
rt th
e pr
oduc
tion
of v
alue
-add
ed
prod
ucts
suc
h as
nee
ra, a
sw
eet s
ap e
xtra
cted
from
the
inflo
resc
ence
of t
he c
ocon
ut p
alm
that
is u
sed
to p
repa
re h
ealth
drin
ks a
nd o
ther
food
pro
duct
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
the
stat
e an
noun
ced
a la
rge
repl
antin
g pr
ogra
mm
e to
rep
lace
age
d an
d ai
ling
palm
s w
ith d
isea
se-re
sist
ant,
high
-yie
ldin
g dw
arf
varie
ties.
M
oreo
ver,
fragm
ente
d la
ndho
ldin
gs w
ith c
ocon
ut p
alm
s w
ill be
gro
uped
into
clu
ster
s to
allo
w m
ore
effici
ent c
rop
man
agem
ent.
26AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indo
nesi
aM
ayC
ocon
utTh
e go
vern
men
t of I
ndon
esia
pla
ns to
dev
ote
mor
e at
tent
ion
and
reso
urce
s to
max
imizi
ng re
turn
s in
th
e co
untry
’s co
conu
t ind
ustry
so
as to
fully
tap
the
oppo
rtuni
ties
offer
ed b
y lo
cal a
nd g
loba
l mar
kets
, a
gove
rnm
ent
offici
al s
aid.
Det
ails
on
plan
ned
mea
sure
s w
ere
not
prov
ided
. To
end
the
stag
natio
n in
dom
estic
pro
duct
ion
and
proc
essi
ng,
indu
stry
rep
rese
ntat
ives
rec
omm
ende
d to
con
side
r pa
lm
reju
vena
tion
prog
ram
mes
to
impr
ove
prod
uctiv
ity le
vels
, as
wel
l as
a m
orat
oriu
m o
n ra
w c
ocon
ut
expo
rts to
stim
ulat
e lo
cal p
rodu
ctio
n of
val
ue-a
dded
pro
duct
s fo
r dom
estic
con
sum
ptio
n or
exp
ort.
27AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indo
nesi
aM
ayO
il pa
lm
The
Indo
nesi
an O
il Pa
lm E
stat
e Fu
nd –
the
sta
te a
genc
y se
t up
in A
ugus
t 20
15 t
o co
llect
the
levy
of
USD
50
for
each
ton
ne o
f cru
de p
alm
oil
expo
rted
– re
leas
ed ID
R 6.
75 b
illion
(USD
505
000
) to
supp
ort
smal
lhol
der
oil
palm
rep
lant
ing
(see
also
MPP
U O
ct.’1
5).
The
fund
s ar
e pa
rt of
a m
ulti-
year
gov
ernm
ent p
rogr
amm
e w
orth
IDR
52 b
illion
(USD
3.9
milli
on).
The
first
rele
ase
will
be u
sed
to
subs
idize
farm
ers
in R
iau
prov
ince
(Sum
atra
) tak
ing
up lo
ans
to re
plac
e ag
ing
palm
s w
ith n
ew o
nes.
Th
e pr
ogra
mm
e is
rese
rved
for f
arm
ers
with
pla
ntat
ions
of l
ess
than
4 h
ecta
res,
whi
ch, i
n In
done
sia,
ac
coun
t fo
r ap
prox
imat
ely
40 p
erce
nt o
f tot
al p
alm
oil
outp
ut. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e go
vern
men
t pl
ans
to
supp
ort t
he re
plan
ting
of 1
00 0
00 h
ecta
res
per y
ear.
Indo
nesi
a’s
oil p
alm
indu
stry
has
exp
erie
nced
a
virtu
al s
tagn
atio
n in
ave
rage
yie
lds
durin
g th
e la
st 1
0–20
yea
rs, d
ue to
the
agin
g of
pal
ms.
28AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Paci
fic re
gion
/ Eu
rope
an U
nion
Oct
ober
Coc
onut
A re
gion
al in
itiat
ive
aim
ed a
t (i)
impr
ovin
g th
e co
mpe
titiv
enes
s of
sm
all p
rodu
cers
in th
e Pa
cific
coc
onut
in
dust
ry, (
ii) en
hanc
ing
regi
onal
pol
icy
inte
grat
ion,
(iii)
stre
ngth
enin
g lin
ks in
loca
l val
ue c
hain
s, a
nd (i
v)
supp
ortin
g ca
paci
ty b
uild
ing
has
been
laun
ched
by
the
Paci
fic C
omm
unity
(SPC
) tog
ethe
r w
ith t
he
Euro
pean
Uni
on. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e th
ree-
year
, 3.5
milli
on E
uro
(USD
3.8
milli
on) p
roje
ct, w
ill st
art w
ith th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of p
ilot p
roje
cts
in S
amoa
and
Van
uatu
. Und
er th
e in
itiat
ive,
trai
ning
and
aw
aren
ess
prog
ram
mes
will
be d
evel
oped
, al
ong
with
a m
anua
l on
risk
man
agem
ent
and
miti
gatio
n to
ols
for
farm
ers,
pro
cess
ors
and
othe
r sta
keho
lder
s.
6 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
29AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Paki
stan
Janu
ary
Oliv
e oi
l Fo
llow
ing
past
effo
rts b
y Pa
kist
an’s
Agric
ultu
ral R
esea
rch
Cou
ncil
to p
rom
ote
oliv
e oi
l pro
duct
ion
acro
ss th
e co
untry
(see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
4 &
Oct
.’15)
, las
t mon
th th
e pr
ovin
ce o
f Pun
jab
laun
ched
a p
lan
for t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f oliv
e tre
e cu
ltiva
tion.
The
pro
vinc
e is
sai
d to
fully
mee
t the
requ
ired
agro
-clim
atic
co
nditi
ons.
The
pro
vinc
ial p
lan
incl
udes
rese
arch
act
iviti
es o
n yi
eld
max
imiza
tion
as w
ell a
s aw
aren
ess
and
train
ing
prog
ram
mes
on
culti
vatio
n te
chni
ques
and
on
the
prod
uctio
n of
val
ue a
dded
pro
duct
s.
30AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Paki
stan
Augu
stO
live
oil
As p
art o
f a fi
ve-y
ear p
rogr
amm
e la
unch
ed e
arlie
r thi
s ye
ar in
Pak
ista
n’s
Punj
ab P
rovi
nce
to p
rom
ote
oliv
e oi
l pro
duct
ion
(see
MPP
U F
eb.’1
6), p
rovi
ncia
l aut
horit
ies
dist
ribut
ed –
free
of c
harg
e –
two
milli
on
oliv
e sa
plin
gs to
farm
ers
in th
e re
gion
of P
otho
har.
Bene
ficia
ries
will
also
ben
efit f
rom
trai
ning
act
iviti
es
on o
live
grov
e m
anag
emen
t and
fina
ncia
l sup
port
for w
ater
sou
rce
deve
lopm
ent a
nd d
rip ir
rigat
ion.
31AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Philip
pine
sM
ayC
ocon
utTh
e G
over
nmen
t of t
he P
hilip
pine
s al
loca
ted
PHP
1.29
billi
on (U
SD 2
8 m
illion
) to
the
coun
try’s
Coc
onut
Au
thor
ity t
o su
ppor
t th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of v
ario
us p
rogr
amm
es t
hrou
ghou
t 20
16.
Last
yea
r, PH
P 1.
38 b
illion
(USD
30
milli
on) w
ere
rele
ased
. In
2016
, the
focu
s of
the
inte
rven
tions
rem
ains
on
coco
nut
reha
bilit
atio
n/re
plan
ting,
ferti
lizat
ion,
inte
rcro
ppin
g an
d sm
allh
olde
r oil
palm
dev
elop
men
t.
32AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Philip
pine
sJu
neC
ocon
utAc
cord
ing
to lo
cal p
ress
, the
Phi
lippi
ne’s
inco
min
g go
vern
men
t vow
ed to
rele
ase
the
fund
s th
at w
ere
colle
cted
from
coc
onut
pro
duce
rs v
ia a
levy
dur
ing
the
1970
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jan
.’15)
. The
age
ncie
s ta
sked
to m
anag
e th
e fu
nds
will
have
to d
esig
n a
mec
hani
sm fo
r red
istri
butin
g th
e m
onie
s to
farm
ers.
Re
late
d to
thi
s, t
he g
over
nmen
t an
noun
ced
plan
s to
im
plem
ent
a la
rge-
scal
e co
conu
t pl
antin
g pr
ogra
mm
e. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e co
untry
’s C
ocon
ut A
utho
rity
is re
ady
to la
unch
a s
ix-y
ear p
lant
ing
sche
me
cove
ring
600
000
hect
ares
of n
ew c
ocon
ut a
reas
acr
oss
the
natio
n. U
nder
the
prog
ram
me,
farm
ers
wou
ld e
njoy
acc
ess
to c
ocon
ut s
eedl
ings
, fer
tilize
rs a
nd ir
rigat
ion
equi
pmen
t th
roug
h so
ft lo
ans.
In
para
llel,
the
intro
duct
ion
of s
econ
dary
/cas
h cr
ops
wou
ld b
e pr
omot
ed.
33AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Tanz
ania
(U
nite
d Re
publ
ic o
f)
Mar
chEd
ible
oils
Acco
rdin
g to
the
loca
l pre
ss, t
he G
over
nmen
t of t
he U
nite
d Re
publ
ic o
f Tan
zani
a is
con
side
ring
to o
ffer
supp
ort t
o lo
cal e
dibl
e oi
l man
ufac
ture
rs w
ith a
vie
w to
add
ing
valu
e to
dom
estic
oils
eed
prod
uctio
n,
whi
le re
duci
ng th
e vo
lum
e of
impo
rted
oils
. Rep
orte
dly,
gove
rnm
ent e
fforts
wou
ld c
once
ntra
te o
n lo
cal
inve
stor
s in
tere
sted
in s
ettin
g up
faci
litie
s fo
r pro
cess
ing
crop
s su
ch a
s se
sam
e, s
unflo
wer
see
d an
d oi
l pal
m fr
uit.
34AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Tanz
ania
(U
nite
d Re
publ
ic o
f)/In
dia
July
Sunfl
ower
se
edSu
nflow
er o
il pr
oces
sors
in th
e U
nite
d Re
publ
ic o
f Tan
zani
a’s
cent
ral r
egio
ns a
re e
xplo
ring
poss
ibilit
ies
of e
nter
ing
into
com
mer
cial
par
tner
ship
s w
ith th
e In
dian
Sol
vent
Ext
ract
ors’
Ass
ocia
tion
– un
der t
he
aegi
s of
SIT
A (S
uppo
rting
Indi
a’s
Trad
e Pr
efer
ence
s fo
r Af
rica)
, a
mul
tilat
eral
initi
ativ
e im
plem
ente
d by
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de C
entre
. The
gov
ernm
ent-b
acke
d pa
rtner
ship
s in
itial
ly e
nvis
age
the
trans
fer
of p
roce
ssin
g te
chno
logy
fro
m In
dian
com
pani
es t
o Ta
nzan
ian
coun
terp
arts
and
, sub
sequ
ently
, the
ex
porta
tion
of h
igh-
valu
e re
fined
sun
flow
er o
ils fr
om th
e U
nite
d Re
publ
ic o
f Tan
zani
a to
Indi
a.
35AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Tanz
ania
(U
nite
d Re
publ
ic o
f)
Nov
embe
rSu
nflow
er
seed
The
gove
rnm
ents
of
Denm
ark,
Irel
and,
Sw
eden
and
Sw
itzer
land
hav
e es
tabl
ishe
d a
faci
lity
(nam
ed
Agric
ultu
re M
arke
ts D
evel
opm
ent T
rust
, AM
DT) t
o st
reng
then
sel
ecte
d co
mm
odity
cha
ins
in th
e U
nite
d Re
publ
ic o
f Tan
zani
a, in
clud
ing
the
coun
try’s
sunfl
ower
seed
val
ue c
hain
. Und
er th
e 10
-yea
r ini
tiativ
e,
new
par
tner
ship
s w
ith b
oth
priv
ate
oper
ator
s an
d go
vern
men
t age
ncie
s w
ill be
form
ed to
(i) i
mpr
ove
the
avai
labi
lity
of a
nd a
cces
s to
impr
oved
see
d va
rietie
s by
sm
allh
olde
r far
mer
s, (i
i) pr
omot
e pr
o-po
or
cont
ract
ual a
rrang
emen
ts a
long
the
valu
e ch
ain,
and
(iii)
enha
nce
the
acce
ss o
f sm
all f
arm
ers,
sm
all-
scal
e pr
oces
sors
and
thei
r ass
ocia
tions
to fi
nanc
ial a
nd o
ther
ser
vice
s. T
en re
gion
s in
the
coun
try h
ave
been
iden
tified
for p
ilot i
nter
vent
ions
. In
addi
tion
to c
reat
ing
new
inco
me
and
empl
oym
ent o
ppor
tuni
ties,
th
e pr
ojec
t aim
s at
hel
ping
redu
ce th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
impo
rted
vege
tabl
e oi
ls.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 7
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
36AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Vanu
atu
July
Coc
onut
In J
uly
2016
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Van
uatu
laun
ched
a N
atio
nal C
ocon
ut S
trate
gy. T
he n
ine-
year
pla
n ai
ms
to re
vive
the
coun
try’s
coco
nut i
ndus
try a
fter t
he d
evas
tatio
n ca
used
by
Cyc
lone
Pam
last
yea
r. Th
e st
rate
gy fo
cuse
s on
repl
antin
g ac
tiviti
es a
nd p
rodu
ct d
iver
sific
atio
n.
37AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Can
ada
Nov
embe
rPe
stic
ides
The
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t pro
pose
d a
natio
n-w
ide
phas
e-ou
t of p
estic
ides
bel
ongi
ng to
the
neon
icot
inoi
d fa
mily
, citi
ng r
isin
g ev
iden
ce o
f ac
cum
ulat
ion
in w
ater
way
s an
d ha
rm t
o aq
uatic
inse
cts
and
bees
. N
eoni
cotin
oids
are
wid
ely
used
on
oils
eed
and
othe
r cro
ps, a
s w
ell a
s in
fore
stry
and
on
pets
. In
the
prov
ince
of O
ntar
io, t
heir
use
is s
ubje
ct to
stri
ct c
ontro
ls s
ince
mid
-201
5. E
lsew
here
, app
rova
ls h
ave
been
with
draw
n in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es la
st y
ear,
whi
le, i
n th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
, the
use
of n
eoni
cotin
oids
is
ban
ned
sinc
e 20
13 (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’13
, Jul
.&De
c.’1
5).
38AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Chi
naN
ovem
ber
Pest
icid
esDr
aft
stan
dard
s es
tabl
ishi
ng m
axim
um r
esid
ue l
evel
s fo
r pe
stic
ides
on
vario
us a
gric
ultu
ral
crop
s,
incl
udin
g ke
y oi
lcro
ps, h
ave
been
pub
lishe
d fo
r com
men
t by
the
Chi
nese
aut
horit
ies.
39AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
on
Janu
ary
Oliv
e tre
eTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on h
as o
pene
d an
infri
ngem
ent p
roce
dure
aga
inst
Ital
y fo
r not
fully
resp
ectin
g th
e ob
ligat
ions
of t
he E
U c
onta
inm
ent p
lan
desi
gned
to b
lock
the
spre
ad o
f xyle
lla fa
stid
iosa
, a b
acte
rial
dise
ase
blam
ed fo
r dev
asta
ting
oliv
e tre
es in
Sou
ther
n Ita
ly (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
. & D
ec.’1
5). I
n pa
rticu
lar,
Italy
has
bee
n sl
ow in
impl
emen
ting
the
EU-im
pose
d tre
e er
adic
atio
n m
easu
res.
On
the
sam
e m
atte
r, lo
cal c
ourts
rep
orte
dly
orde
red
the
susp
ensi
on o
f sev
eral
pro
gram
mes
on
the
view
tha
t to
o lit
tle is
un
ders
tood
abo
ut th
e sc
ienc
e of
the
dise
ase
to ju
stify
cer
tain
mea
sure
s. E
spec
ially
the
plan
to c
reat
e bu
ffer z
ones
by
upro
otin
g al
l sus
cept
ible
pla
nts
in a
100
-met
er ra
dius
of i
nfec
ted
oliv
e tre
es a
ttrac
ted
criti
cism
.
40AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
on
April
Her
bici
des
In A
pril 2
016,
the
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent i
nvite
d th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on to
ext
end
the
mar
ket a
ppro
val
for g
lyph
osat
e by
no
mor
e th
an 7
yea
rs. O
rigin
ally,
the
perm
it –
whi
ch ru
ns o
ut in
Jun
e 20
16 –
had
bee
n pr
opos
ed fo
r a 1
5-ye
ar re
new
al. L
awm
aker
s al
so re
com
men
ded
to re
stric
t the
type
of u
ses
for w
hich
the
herb
icid
e w
as c
lear
ed, u
ntil i
ts c
lass
ifica
tion
for s
afe
and
sust
aina
ble
use
and
its to
xici
ty le
vels
wer
e re
-as
sess
ed. T
hey
also
requ
este
d th
at th
e sc
ient
ific
evid
ence
beh
ind
a re
cent
ass
essm
ent o
f the
her
bici
de
by th
e Eu
rope
an F
ood
Safe
ty A
utho
rity
be d
iscl
osed
(see
also
MPP
U D
ec.’1
5 &
Mar
.’16)
. Gly
phos
ate
is e
xten
sive
ly u
sed
in a
gric
ultu
re a
nd is
em
ploy
ed w
orld
wid
e in
soy
bean
cul
tivat
ion.
Lat
ely,
ques
tions
ab
out t
he h
erbi
cide
’s eff
ectiv
enes
s an
d ab
out p
oten
tial e
nviro
nmen
tal/h
ealth
haz
ards
ass
ocia
ted
with
its
use
hav
e be
en ra
ised
by
rese
arch
ers
and
regu
lato
ry a
genc
ies
in s
ever
al c
ount
ries.
41AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
U
nion
/Ital
y M
ayO
live
tree
A ne
w s
tudy
rele
ased
by
the
Euro
pean
Foo
d Sa
fety
Aut
horit
y (E
FSA)
con
firm
ed th
at x
ylella
fast
idio
sa is
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r the
qui
ck w
iltin
g an
d di
ebac
k sy
ndro
me
that
is d
estro
ying
oliv
e tre
es in
sou
ther
n Ita
ly.
The
findi
ng is
sai
d to
mar
k an
impo
rtant
ste
p fo
rwar
d be
caus
e, in
ord
er to
acc
urat
ely
asse
ss th
e ris
k of
an
epid
emic
spr
eadi
ng, t
he e
pide
mio
logy
and
hos
t ran
ge o
f the
dis
ease
nee
d to
be
asce
rtain
ed.
The
stud
y co
nsid
ers
the
strin
gent
rem
oval
of h
ost
plan
ts, i
rresp
ectiv
e of
the
ir he
alth
sta
tus,
in n
ew
outb
reak
are
as, a
s th
e on
ly o
ptio
n eff
ectiv
e in
redu
cing
pat
hoge
n sp
read
. In
addi
tion,
the
redu
ctio
n of
ce
rtain
vec
tor p
opul
atio
ns, b
y ap
plic
atio
n of
che
mic
als
or a
ny s
usta
inab
le m
etho
d, m
ay s
low
dow
n th
e pa
thog
en s
prea
d.
8 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
42AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
on
June
Oliv
e tre
eTh
e Eu
rope
an C
ourt
of J
ustic
e ba
cked
a d
ecis
ion
requ
iring
EU
mem
ber s
tate
s to
imm
edia
tely
rem
ove
plan
ts c
apab
le o
f ho
stin
g th
e xy
lella
bac
teriu
m, r
egar
dles
s of
the
ir he
alth
sta
tus,
with
in a
rad
ius
of
100
met
ers
arou
nd in
fect
ed p
lant
s (s
ee M
PPU
May
&Jul
y’15
). Th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on’s
deci
sion
ha
d be
en c
halle
nged
by
a re
gion
al c
ourt
in It
aly,
whi
ch s
uspe
nded
the
EU o
rder
and
refe
rred
ques
tions
to
the
bloc
’s C
ourt
of J
ustic
e (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
. In
June
201
6, th
e Eu
rope
an c
ourt
dete
rmin
ed th
at
the
mea
sure
was
in lin
e w
ith E
U la
w, in
par
ticul
ar w
ith th
e ob
ligat
ion
to a
pply
app
ropr
iate
phy
tosa
nita
ry
treat
men
ts. T
he E
U C
ourt
rule
d th
at th
e pr
ecau
tiona
ry p
rinci
ple
and
the
prin
cipl
e of
pro
porti
onal
ity c
an
just
ify th
e ad
optio
n of
pro
tect
ive
mea
sure
s su
ch a
s th
e re
mov
al o
f pla
nts,
eve
n w
here
ther
e is
sci
entifi
c un
certa
inty
on
the
subj
ect.
43AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
U
nion
/Ital
y Ju
lyO
live
tree
In J
uly
2016
, the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on o
pene
d a
seco
nd in
fring
emen
t pro
cedu
re a
gain
st It
aly
over
al
lege
d de
lays
in a
pply
ing
mea
sure
s ag
ains
t the
spr
ead
of th
e xy
lella
fast
idio
sa b
acte
rium
in A
pulia
, Ita
ly (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
. In
the
mea
ntim
e, lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s ar
e w
orki
ng o
n a
draf
t bi
ll on
the
m
anag
emen
t of t
he d
isea
se in
the
terri
tory
, acc
ordi
ng to
pre
ss re
ports
. In
addi
tion
to in
terv
entio
ns to
st
op th
e fu
rther
spr
ead
of th
e di
seas
e, m
easu
res
for t
he re
cove
ry o
f dam
aged
tree
s, th
e pl
antin
g of
to
lera
nt va
rietie
s or a
ltern
ativ
e sp
ecie
s and
land
scap
e pr
otec
tion
sche
mes
are
und
er c
onsi
dera
tion,
with
th
e ob
ject
ive
to re
stor
e th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal b
alan
ce in
the
affec
ted
area
s. L
ocal
aut
horit
ies
have
als
o pr
esen
ted
the
resu
lts o
f exp
erim
enta
l nat
ural
trea
tmen
ts a
nd g
ood
farm
ing
prac
tices
car
ried
out i
n re
cent
mon
ths
on in
fect
ed tr
ees,
whi
ch, a
re s
aid
to h
ave
show
n vi
sibl
e si
gns
of im
prov
emen
t.
44AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
Uni
on
July
Her
bici
des
The
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
dec
ided
to e
xten
d th
e lic
ense
app
rova
l for
gly
phos
ate
(a c
hem
ical
foun
d in
he
rbic
ides
use
d on
oilc
rops
and
gra
ins
wor
ldw
ide)
by
a pe
riod
of 1
8 m
onth
s, s
tarti
ng o
n 1
July
201
6.
Orig
inal
ly, th
e C
omm
issi
on h
ad p
ropo
sed
a 15
-yea
r ren
ewal
, whi
le th
e EU
Par
liam
ent r
ecom
men
ded
limiti
ng th
e au
thor
izatio
n to
7 y
ears
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
16).
As th
e EU
mem
ber g
over
nmen
ts fa
iled
to
reac
h an
agr
eem
ent,
the
Com
mis
sion
eve
ntua
lly o
pted
for a
limite
d, 1
8-m
onth
rene
wal
gea
red
tow
ards
ob
tain
ing
addi
tiona
l sci
entifi
c ev
iden
ce o
n th
e he
rbic
ide’
s sa
fety
. Acc
ordi
ngly,
the
Euro
pean
Che
mic
als
Agen
cy (E
CH
A) h
as b
een
requ
este
d to
con
duct
a h
arm
onize
d cl
assi
ficat
ion
and
labe
lling
proc
ess
for
glyp
hosa
te. A
s th
e sc
ope
of th
e ad
ditio
nal r
evie
w in
clud
es a
ll to
xico
logi
cal e
ffect
s, ro
utes
of e
xpos
ure
and
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
tect
ion
aspe
cts,
it w
ill lo
ok b
eyon
d th
e im
med
iate
toxi
city
of a
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
s.
ECH
A’s
is e
xpec
ted
to p
ublis
h an
d fo
rwar
d its
opi
nion
to th
e EU
Com
mis
sion
with
in th
e ne
xt 1
8 m
onth
s.
Back
in D
ecem
ber 2
015,
the
Euro
pean
Foo
d Sa
fety
Aut
horit
y (E
FSA)
had
ass
esse
d th
at g
lyph
osat
e w
as
unlik
ely
to p
ose
a ca
rcin
ogen
ic h
azar
d to
hum
ans
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
5).
45AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Spai
nN
ovem
ber
Oliv
e tre
eXy
lella
fast
idio
sa, t
he b
acte
rial d
isea
se th
at s
ince
its
outb
reak
in s
outh
ern
Italy
in 2
013
pose
s a
serio
us
thre
at to
oliv
e pr
oduc
tion
in th
e M
edite
rrane
an B
asin
, has
bee
n de
tect
ed fo
r the
firs
t tim
e in
Spa
in, o
n th
e Ba
lear
ic is
land
of M
allo
rca.
Fol
low
ing
the
dise
ase’
s di
scov
ery
on c
herry
and
ole
ande
r pla
nts,
loca
l au
thor
ities
hav
e im
pose
d ba
ns o
n th
e m
ovem
ent o
f pla
nt m
ater
ial a
nd s
tarte
d te
stin
g ot
her p
oten
tial
host
pla
nts,
in a
dditi
on to
des
troyi
ng a
ffect
ed p
lant
s. (T
he fi
rst c
ase
of in
fect
ion
repo
rted
from
out
side
Ita
ly c
once
rned
the
Isla
nd o
f Cor
sica
in F
ranc
e, in
mid
-201
5 –
(see
MPP
U A
ug’1
5).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 9
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
46AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esM
arch
Her
bici
des
Orig
inal
ly p
lann
ed f
or t
he f
orth
com
ing
plan
ting
seas
on,
the
laun
ch,
in t
he U
nite
d St
ates
, of
the
he
rbic
ide
‘dic
amba
’ for
use
on
dica
mba
-tole
rant
soy
bean
and
cot
ton
crop
s is
like
ly t
o fa
ce d
elay
s.
The
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) s
till n
eeds
to d
ereg
ulat
e a
new
use
of t
he h
erbi
cide
, whi
ch
wou
ld e
xpan
d th
e cu
rrent
tim
ing
to p
ost-e
mer
genc
e ap
plic
atio
ns o
f the
her
bici
de, t
here
by e
nhan
cing
th
e fa
rmer
s’ fl
exib
ility
in w
eed
cont
rol (
see
also
MPP
U M
ar.’1
6). C
onsi
derin
g th
at E
PA h
as o
nly
rece
ntly
in
vite
d pu
blic
com
men
ts o
n th
e ex
pand
ed u
se o
f ‘di
cam
ba’,
a fin
al ru
ling
is o
nly
expe
cted
in th
e se
cond
ha
lf of
this
yea
r. Fu
rther
mor
e, s
ome
US
grai
n el
evat
ors
and
trade
rs w
arne
d th
at th
ey w
ill re
ject
dic
amba
-to
lera
nt s
oybe
an, n
otab
ly th
e Ro
undu
p-Re
ady-
2-Xt
end
trait,
as
that
var
iety
has
not
yet
bee
n ap
prov
ed
in th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
(whi
ch a
ccou
nts
for a
n im
porta
nt s
hare
of t
he U
S so
ybea
n ex
port
mar
ket).
47AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esM
arch
Pest
icid
esEP
A in
form
ed t
hat
it w
as m
ovin
g to
hal
t th
e sa
le o
f in
sect
icid
es c
onta
inin
g th
e ac
tive
ingr
edie
nt
flube
ndia
mid
e. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e su
bsta
nce
was
foun
d to
pos
e ris
ks to
the
envi
ronm
ent.
The
chem
ical
ha
s be
en re
gist
ered
in 2
008
for u
se o
n m
any
crop
s, in
clud
ing
soyb
eans
.
48AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esO
ctob
erH
erbi
cide
sTh
e U
nite
d St
ates
Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) p
ropo
sed
to c
lass
ify g
lyph
osat
e, a
wid
ely
used
and
incr
easi
ngly
con
trove
rsia
l her
bici
de, a
s ‘n
ot li
kely
to
be c
arci
noge
nic
to h
uman
s at
dos
es
rele
vant
for h
uman
hea
lth ri
sk a
sses
smen
t’. T
he E
PA’s
posi
tion
is s
ched
uled
for r
evie
w, a
long
with
oth
er
mat
eria
l, by
a fe
dera
l sci
entifi
c ad
viso
ry p
anel
in D
ecem
ber 2
016,
afte
r whi
ch a
fina
l ass
essm
ent m
ay
be p
ublis
hed.
Rec
ently
, dou
bts
abou
t the
her
bici
de’s
effec
tiven
ess
and
abou
t pot
entia
l env
ironm
enta
l/he
alth
haz
ards
ass
ocia
ted
with
its
use
have
em
erge
d in
sev
eral
cou
ntrie
s (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’14,
Apr
./May
/De
c.’1
5 an
d M
ar./J
uly’
16).
49Ag
ricul
tura
l sup
port
POLI
CIE
S –
Pest
co
ntro
l mea
sure
s &
regu
latio
ns
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Her
bici
des
The
US
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy h
as a
ppro
ved
the
use
of a
spe
cific
, low
-vol
atilit
y fo
rmul
a of
‘dic
amba
’ her
bici
de o
n so
ybea
n an
d co
tton
plan
ts th
at h
ave
been
gen
etic
ally
mod
ified
to to
lera
te
‘dic
amba
’ (se
e al
so M
PPU
Apr
.’16)
. The
new
her
bici
de is
exp
ecte
d to
hel
p fa
rmer
s co
ntro
l wee
ds th
at
have
dev
elop
ed re
sist
ance
to o
ther
her
bici
des,
not
ably
gly
phos
ate.
To
addr
ess
conc
erns
that
the
use
of ‘d
icam
ba’ c
ould
eve
ntua
lly re
sult
in d
icam
ba-re
sist
ant w
eeds
, EPA
’s ap
prov
al in
clud
es c
ondi
tions
m
eant
to
ensu
re t
hat
wee
d re
sist
ance
is s
ucce
ssfu
lly m
anag
ed. T
he a
ppro
val i
s se
t to
exp
ire a
fter
two
year
s to
allo
w in
trodu
cing
cha
nges
, if n
eces
sary
. The
aut
horiz
atio
n al
so in
clud
es d
rift m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s an
d sa
fety
pre
caut
ions
inte
nded
to e
xclu
de h
ealth
risk
s to
peo
ple
livin
g ne
ar tr
eate
d fie
lds.
M
onsa
nto,
the
com
pany
that
pro
duce
s th
e ne
w ‘d
icam
ba’ f
orm
ulat
ion,
stil
l nee
ds to
sec
ure
regu
lato
ry
appr
oval
from
indi
vidu
al s
tate
s be
fore
the
prod
uct c
an b
e m
arke
ted
to U
S fa
rmer
s.
50AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Glo
bal
Oct
ober
Oliv
e tre
eTh
e U
nite
d N
atio
ns F
ood
and
Agric
ultu
re O
rgan
izatio
n ha
s lau
nche
d a
tech
nica
l coo
pera
tion
prog
ram
me
aim
ed a
t pre
vent
ing
the
spre
ad o
f xyl
ella
fast
idio
sa –
a b
acte
rial d
isea
se b
lam
ed fo
r dev
asta
ting
oliv
e tre
es in
Sou
ther
n Ita
ly (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.&De
c.’1
5) –
to
Nor
th A
frica
and
the
Mid
dle
East
. Tas
ked
to
impr
ove
the
tech
nica
l cap
acity
of l
ocal
inst
itutio
ns a
nd fa
rmer
s, th
e pr
ojec
t inc
lude
s ea
rly d
etec
tion,
m
onito
ring,
dia
gnos
tic a
nd p
hyto
sani
tary
act
iviti
es.
10 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
51AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Seed
mar
ket
Arge
ntin
aM
ayG
M s
oybe
anIn
Arg
entin
a, a
ll pr
ivat
e te
sts
of g
rain
/oils
eed
ship
men
ts c
arrie
d ou
t to
dete
ct th
e pr
esen
ce o
f GM
see
d w
ill re
quire
prio
r gov
ernm
ent a
utho
rizat
ion,
offi
cial
sou
rces
ann
ounc
ed. T
he n
ew ru
le w
ould
idle
effo
rts
by g
loba
l see
d co
mpa
ny M
onsa
nto
to c
olle
ct ro
yalti
es o
n G
M s
oybe
ans
slat
ed fo
r exp
ort (
incl
udin
g se
cond
-gen
erat
ion
soyb
eans
, i.e
. cr
ops
grow
n fro
m s
eed
not
dire
ctly
bou
ght
from
the
com
pany
). M
onsa
nto
relie
s on
priv
ate
trade
com
pani
es to
insp
ect a
ll so
ybea
n ca
rgoe
s fo
r the
pre
senc
e of
GM
m
ater
ial a
nd t
o co
llect
roy
altie
s on
its
beha
lf w
here
pro
of o
f prio
r pa
ymen
t is
mis
sing
– a
mea
sure
de
emed
illeg
al b
y Arg
entin
a’s f
arm
ers (
see
also
MPP
U Ju
ly’15
). In
the
wak
e of
the
gove
rnm
ent’s
dec
isio
n,
Mon
sant
o sa
id th
at it
wou
ld re
-eva
luat
e th
e vi
abilit
y of
con
tinui
ng it
s G
M s
oy b
usin
ess
in th
e co
untry
. Th
e co
mpa
ny’s
with
draw
al w
ould
bar
Arg
entin
a’s
farm
ers
from
acc
essi
ng M
onsa
nto’
s la
test
GM
soy
va
riety
, Rou
ndU
p-Re
ady-
2-Xt
end,
whi
ch a
llow
s fa
rmer
s to
con
trol w
eeds
resi
stan
t to
glyp
hosa
te-b
ased
he
rbic
ides
. Mon
sant
o ha
d pl
anne
d to
sta
rt se
lling
the
new
var
iety
this
yea
r, in
tim
e fo
r the
cou
ntry
’s 20
16/1
7 cr
op.
52AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Seed
mar
ket
Arge
ntin
aJu
neG
M s
oybe
anTh
e G
over
nmen
t of A
rgen
tina
com
mitt
ed to
stre
ngth
en it
s co
ntro
l ove
r nat
iona
l see
d m
arke
ts in
a b
id to
en
sure
that
priv
ate
seed
com
pani
es a
re a
ble
to c
onsi
sten
tly c
olle
ct ro
yalty
pay
men
ts. A
ddre
ssin
g ca
lls
by g
loba
l see
d co
mpa
ny M
onsa
nto
that
the
GM
tech
nolo
gy c
onta
ined
in a
new
ly d
evel
oped
soy
bean
va
riety
be
prot
ecte
d (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’16
), th
e co
untry
’s st
ate-
owne
d N
atio
nal S
eed
Inst
itute
, IN
ASE,
ha
s be
en ta
sked
to o
vers
ee th
e te
stin
g of
soy
bean
for t
he p
rese
nce
of re
leva
nt G
M tr
aits
. IN
ASE
will
be
allo
wed
to d
eleg
ate
the
labo
rato
ry te
sts
to p
rivat
e en
titie
s su
ch a
s re
gion
al g
rain
exc
hang
es. C
argo
es
that
test
pos
itive
will
be tr
aced
bac
k to
pro
duce
rs, t
o as
sess
whe
ther
roya
lties
hav
e be
en d
uly
paid
. Th
e pa
st p
ract
ice
whe
reby
Mon
sant
o w
ould
sig
n de
als
dire
ctly
with
priv
ate
grai
n co
mpa
nies
to p
olic
e ro
yalty
col
lect
ion
had
been
con
test
ed b
y Ar
gent
ina’
s fa
rmer
s.
53AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Arge
ntin
aFe
brua
ryAg
ricul
tura
l co
mm
oditi
esFo
llow
ing
heav
y ra
ins
caus
ed b
y El
Niñ
o, s
ix o
f Ar
gent
ina’
s m
ain
agric
ultu
ral p
rovi
nces
hav
e be
en
decl
ared
floo
d em
erge
ncy
area
s, m
akin
g aff
ecte
d gr
ain,
fru
it an
d ca
ttle
farm
s el
igib
le t
o fin
anci
al
assi
stan
ce in
the
form
of s
peci
al c
redi
t lin
es a
nd ta
x br
eaks
. The
con
cern
ed p
rovi
nces
are
Cor
doba
, Sa
nta
Fe, E
ntre
Rio
s, L
a Ri
oja,
Cha
co a
nd C
orrie
ntes
.
54AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Fiji
Oct
ober
Coc
onut
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of F
iji ha
s se
t as
ide
fund
s fo
r th
e re
habi
litat
ion
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
coco
nut
indu
stry
, fo
llow
ing
the
dam
age
infli
cted
by
cycl
one
Win
ston
ear
lier t
his
year
. The
fund
s w
ill be
use
d to
sou
rce
coco
nut
seed
s an
d ra
ise
seed
lings
fro
m a
reas
not
affe
cted
by
the
hurri
cane
. As
a c
ompl
emen
tary
m
easu
re,
the
gove
rnm
ent
has
rais
ed t
he p
rice
of c
opra
fro
m U
SD 7
80 t
o U
SD 1
000
per
ton
ne.
Furth
erm
ore,
sm
all-s
cale
pro
duce
rs w
ill re
ceiv
e fin
anci
al a
ssis
tanc
e fo
r pu
rcha
sing
equ
ipm
ent
to
prod
uce
virg
in c
ocon
ut o
il.
55AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Philip
pine
sJu
neC
ocon
utTh
e Ph
ilippi
ne C
ocon
ut A
utho
rity
expe
cts
to c
ompl
ete
by 2
017
its c
ocon
ut p
alm
repl
antin
g pr
ogra
mm
e in
Eas
tern
Vis
ayas
, the
regi
on m
ost a
ffect
ed b
y ty
phoo
n H
aiya
n/Yo
land
a in
201
3. T
o pa
ve th
e w
ay fo
r th
e re
cove
ry o
f the
loca
l coc
onut
indu
stry
, the
pro
gram
me
envi
sage
d th
e re
plan
ting
of 1
0 m
illion
pal
ms.
56BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SAu
stra
liaJa
nuar
yBi
odie
sel
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of Q
ueen
slan
d, A
ustra
lia’s
third
mos
t po
pulo
us s
tate
, ru
led
that
bio
dies
el a
nd
rene
wab
le b
iodi
esel
hav
e to
mak
e up
0.5
per
cent
of l
ocal
die
sel s
ales
as
of m
id-2
017
– fo
llow
ing
the
exam
ple
of N
ew S
outh
Wal
es, w
here
die
sel s
ales
con
tain
2 p
erce
nt o
f bio
dies
el s
ince
201
0. A
t the
sa
me
time,
the
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t is
cont
inui
ng it
s gr
adua
l pha
sing
-out
of s
uppo
rt pr
ovid
ed to
bio
fuel
pr
oduc
ers
in th
e fo
rm o
f sub
sidi
es a
nd ta
x co
nces
sion
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’14
& J
uly’
15).
57BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SAu
stra
liaJu
neBi
odie
sel
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Que
ensl
and
com
mitt
ed A
UD
20 m
illion
(USD
15.
2 m
ill) in
fund
ing
to p
rom
ote
the
prod
uctio
n an
d us
e of
bio
fuel
s. T
he m
easu
re c
ompl
emen
ts th
e st
ate’
s 10
-yea
r bio
fuel
s ro
adm
ap, w
hich
co
mpr
ises
man
dato
ry tr
ansp
ort f
uel b
lend
ing
rate
s of 3
per
cent
and
0.5
per
cent
for,
resp
ectiv
ely,
etha
nol
and
biod
iese
l sta
rting
1st
Jan
uary
201
7.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 11
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
58BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
Legi
slat
ion
liftin
g th
e m
anda
ted
shar
e of
bio
dies
el in
die
sel t
rans
porta
tion
fuel
from
the
curre
nt 7
per
cent
to
10
perc
ent h
as b
een
pass
ed in
Bra
zil. T
he m
anda
tory
ble
nd r
ate
will
first
be
rais
ed to
8 p
erce
nt
in A
pril
2017
, and
sub
sequ
ently
to
9 pe
rcen
t in
201
8 an
d 10
per
cent
in 2
019.
The
new
legi
slat
ion
also
requ
ires
the
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
for E
nerg
y Po
licie
s to
test
the
feas
ibilit
y of
a 1
5 pe
rcen
t ble
nd o
ver
the
com
ing
36 m
onth
s. T
he m
easu
res
are
aim
ed a
t boo
stin
g do
mes
tic b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion,
redu
cing
pe
trole
um im
port
depe
nden
cy a
nd lo
wer
ing
pollu
tant
em
issi
ons.
Bas
ed o
n Br
azil’s
fuel
con
sum
ptio
n,
rais
ing
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
by o
ne p
erce
ntag
e po
int l
ifts
annu
al d
omes
tic b
iodi
esel
usa
ge b
y ab
out
0.5
milli
on to
nnes
. The
cou
ntry
’s bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try s
houl
d be
abl
e to
mee
t the
hig
her b
lend
ing
targ
ets,
co
nsid
erin
g th
at it
cur
rent
ly o
pera
tes
with
45
perc
ent i
dle
capa
city
. The
gov
ernm
ent’s
bio
dies
el p
olic
y al
so p
rom
otes
fam
ily fa
rmin
g, a
s Br
azil’s
‘Soc
ial F
uel S
eal’
prog
ram
me
requ
ires
a ce
rtain
am
ount
of r
aw
mat
eria
ls to
be
sour
ced
from
fam
ily fa
rms.
In B
razil
, soy
bean
is e
xpec
ted
to re
mai
n th
e m
ain
feed
stoc
k us
ed fo
r bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n.
59BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SC
olom
bia
Oct
ober
Biod
iese
lIn
Col
ombi
a, w
here
fuel
and
bio
fuel
pric
es a
re s
tate
-regu
late
d, th
e G
over
nmen
t is
cons
ider
ing
to a
lign
dom
estic
bio
fuel
pric
es w
ith th
e lo
wer
wor
ld m
arke
t lev
els
– a
mea
sure
that
cou
ld m
ake
loca
l pro
duct
ion
of p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel u
nvia
ble.
On
5 O
ctob
er, t
he g
over
nmen
t dec
ided
to fr
eeze
the
dom
estic
bi
odie
sel p
rice
at C
OP
9 96
6 pe
r litr
e (U
SD 3
.32)
. How
ever
, one
mon
th la
ter,
follo
win
g co
nsul
tatio
ns w
ith
the
indu
stry
, the
Gov
ernm
ent d
ecid
ed to
lift
the
pric
e fre
eze.
Del
iber
atio
ns o
n th
e re
form
of t
he c
urre
nt
pric
e fix
atio
n m
echa
nism
are
exp
ecte
d to
con
tinue
.
60BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Ju
lyBi
ofue
lW
eakn
esse
s in
the
syst
em c
ertif
ying
sus
tain
able
bio
fuel
s co
uld
unde
rmin
e th
e ba
sis
of th
e EU
’s 20
20
targ
ets f
or re
new
able
ene
rgy i
n tra
nspo
rt, a
ccor
ding
to a
rece
nt re
port
by th
e Eu
rope
an C
ourt
of A
udito
rs
(EC
A). U
nder
EU
rul
es, m
embe
r st
ates
can
onl
y us
e bi
ofue
ls c
ertifi
ed a
s su
stai
nabl
e to
rea
ch t
heir
targ
ets
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
1). W
hile
mos
t bio
fuel
s ar
e ce
rtifie
d th
roug
h vo
lunt
ary
sche
mes
reco
gnize
d by
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
, the
aud
itors
exp
ress
ed th
e op
inio
n th
at, b
ecau
se o
f wea
knes
ses
in th
e C
omm
issi
on’s
reco
gniti
on p
roce
dure
and
in th
e su
perv
isio
n of
the
sche
mes
, the
EU
’s bi
ofue
l cer
tifica
tion
is n
ot fu
lly re
liabl
e. T
hey
also
poi
nted
out
that
mem
ber c
ount
ry s
tatis
tics
mig
ht o
vere
stim
ate
the
use
of s
usta
inab
le b
iofu
els
by in
clud
ing
fuel
s w
hose
sus
tain
abilit
y w
as n
ot f
ully
ver
ified
. EC
A ca
lled
on
the
Com
mis
sion
to e
nsur
e th
at a
ll ce
rtific
atio
n sc
hem
es (i
) ass
ess
whe
ther
bio
fuel
pro
duct
ion
enta
ils
sign
ifica
nt s
ocio
-eco
nom
ic r
isks
and
indi
rect
land
-use
cha
nge;
(ii)
verif
y th
at f
eeds
tock
pro
duce
rs
com
ply
with
env
ironm
enta
l req
uire
men
ts fo
r agr
icul
ture
; and
(iii)
prov
ide
suffi
cien
t evi
denc
e of
the
orig
in
of w
aste
and
resi
dues
use
d fo
r bio
fuel
s.
61BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Ju
lyBi
ofue
lIn
a p
aper
out
linin
g m
easu
res
to a
ccel
erat
e th
e EU
’s tra
nsiti
on to
a lo
w-c
arbo
n ec
onom
y, th
e Eu
rope
an
Com
mis
sion
pro
pose
d to
gra
dual
ly p
hase
out
– fr
om 2
020
– co
nven
tiona
l foo
d-ba
sed
biof
uels
, whi
le
prov
idin
g in
cent
ives
for t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f mor
e ad
vanc
ed (‘
seco
nd-g
ener
atio
n’) b
iofu
els,
incl
udin
g fu
els
prod
uced
from
agr
icul
tura
l res
idue
s. A
ccor
ding
to
the
docu
men
t, co
nven
tiona
l bio
fuel
s pl
ay a
lim
ited
role
in d
ecar
boni
zing
the
trans
port
sect
or a
nd s
houl
d no
t rec
eive
pub
lic s
uppo
rt af
ter 2
020.
The
C
omm
issi
on a
lso
prop
osed
– fo
r the
firs
t tim
e –
a se
t of a
mbi
tious
, bin
ding
GH
G e
mis
sion
redu
ctio
n ta
rget
s fo
r the
tran
spor
t, bu
ildin
gs, a
gric
ultu
re, w
aste
, lan
d-us
e an
d fo
rest
ry s
ecto
rs –
i.e.
the
sect
ors
that
are
not
incl
uded
in th
e bl
oc’s
Emis
sion
s Tr
adin
g Sy
stem
. The
pro
pose
d ta
rget
s ar
e co
untry
-spe
cific
an
d re
fer t
o th
e pe
riod
2021
–203
0, u
sing
200
5 em
issi
on le
vels
as
a ba
selin
e. A
spe
cial
trea
tmen
t is
prop
osed
for l
and
use,
land
use
cha
nge
and
the
fore
stry
sec
tor (
or L
ULU
CF)
, whi
ch, w
hile
pre
sent
ing
only
lim
ited
scop
e fo
r em
issi
on re
duct
ions
are
cap
able
to re
mov
e C
O₂ f
rom
the
atm
osph
ere.
12 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
62BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
N
ovem
ber
Biof
uel
In lin
e w
ith e
arlie
r pro
posa
ls (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
’16)
, on
30 N
ovem
ber,
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
pub
lishe
d its
pla
n fo
r th
e re
visi
on o
f th
e EU
’s Re
new
able
Ene
rgy
Dire
ctiv
e. F
or t
he t
rans
porta
tion
sect
or,
the
prop
osal
env
isag
es a
pro
gres
sive
red
uctio
n of
foo
d-ba
sed
biof
uels
and
the
ir re
plac
emen
t by
mor
e ad
vanc
ed b
iofu
els.
The
shi
ft is
aim
ed a
t m
inim
izing
Indi
rect
Lan
d-U
se C
hang
e (IL
UC
) im
pact
s an
d re
alizi
ng th
e po
tent
ial f
or d
e-ca
rbon
izing
the
bloc
’s tra
nspo
rtatio
n se
ctor
, thu
s en
surin
g th
at th
e EU
’s em
issi
on r
educ
tion
com
mitm
ent
are
met
. Und
er t
he p
ropo
sal,
the
max
imum
con
tribu
tion
(in e
nerg
y te
rms)
of c
onve
ntio
nal (
or fi
rst-g
ener
atio
n) fo
od/fe
ed c
rop-
base
d bi
ofue
ls, w
hich
incl
udes
veg
etab
le
oil-b
ased
bio
dies
el, w
ould
gra
dual
ly fa
ll to
3.8
per
cent
in 2
030
(com
pare
d to
7 p
erce
nt in
202
1). A
t th
e sa
me
time,
the
shar
e of
so-
calle
d ‘a
dvan
ced’
(or s
econ
d-ge
nera
tion)
bio
fuel
s m
ade
from
var
ious
ty
pes
of b
iom
ass,
suc
h as
agr
icul
tura
l res
idue
s, w
ould
ris
e fro
m 1
.5 p
erce
nt t
o 6.
8 pe
rcen
t. As
of
Janu
ary
2021
, the
requ
ired
min
imum
GH
G e
mis
sion
sav
ings
from
the
use
of a
dvan
ced
biof
uels
wou
ld
amou
nt to
70
perc
ent.
As to
con
vent
iona
l bio
fuel
s, th
e pr
opos
al d
oes
not d
istin
guis
h be
twee
n di
ffere
nt
type
s of
con
vent
iona
l bio
fuel
s, le
avin
g it
to in
divi
dual
mem
ber
stat
es t
o de
term
ine
that
bre
akdo
wn
whe
n im
plem
entin
g th
e ru
les.
To
go in
to e
ffect
, the
Com
mis
sion
’s pr
opos
al re
quire
s ap
prov
al b
y bo
th
the
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent a
nd in
divi
dual
mem
ber s
tate
s. In
dust
ry re
pres
enta
tive
criti
cize
d th
e pr
opos
al:
whi
le th
ey w
elco
med
the
plan
to g
radu
ally
pha
se-in
the
use
of a
dvan
ced
biof
uels
, the
y op
pose
the
prop
osal
to re
plac
e co
nven
tiona
l bio
fuel
s by
adv
ance
d bi
ofue
ls.
63BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SIn
done
sia/
Mal
aysi
aJa
nuar
yBi
odie
sel
In 2
015,
the
gov
ernm
ents
of
Indo
nesi
a an
d M
alay
sia
anno
unce
d pl
ans
to in
crea
se t
heir
resp
ectiv
e bi
odie
sel c
onsu
mpt
ion
targ
ets
durin
g 20
16, w
ith a
vie
w to
(i) c
appi
ng o
utla
ys o
n cr
ude
oil i
mpo
rts, (
ii) re
duci
ng g
reen
hous
e ga
s em
issi
ons,
and
(iii)
rais
ing
dom
estic
pal
m o
il co
nsum
ptio
n, th
ereb
y le
ndin
g su
ppor
t to
pric
es. I
ndon
esia
, whe
re b
iodi
esel
sal
es b
enefi
t fro
m g
over
nmen
t sub
sidi
es, p
lann
ed to
rais
e m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g of
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l int
o tra
nspo
rt fu
el fr
om 1
5 to
20
perc
ent.
In M
alay
sia,
w
here
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n re
ceiv
es o
nly
limite
d pu
blic
fina
ncia
l sup
port,
an
incr
ease
in m
anda
tory
bl
endi
ng fr
om 7
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t was
pla
nned
. Lat
ely,
offici
als
from
bot
h co
untri
es s
tate
d th
at g
over
nmen
t pl
ans
for 2
016
wou
ld n
ot b
e al
tere
d, e
ven
thou
gh th
e re
cent
col
laps
e in
wor
ld c
rude
oil
pric
es h
ave
mad
e bi
odie
sel a
bout
twic
e as
exp
ensi
ve a
s its
foss
il fu
el a
ltern
ativ
e. T
he a
nnou
ncem
ents
wer
e m
et
with
sce
ptic
ism
by
inde
pend
ent o
bser
vers
and
indu
stry
offi
cial
s, w
ho p
oint
ed o
ut th
at c
urre
nt b
iodi
esel
up
take
stil
l had
to m
eet l
ast y
ear’s
targ
ets,
whi
le p
rodu
ctio
n le
vels
rem
aine
d w
ell b
elow
the
indu
stry
in
stal
led
capa
city
. Mor
eove
r, co
ncer
n w
as e
xpre
ssed
that
the
wid
enin
g pr
ice
gap
betw
een
palm
oil a
nd
crud
e oi
l wou
ld p
rope
l the
am
ount
nee
ded
to fu
nd p
ublic
subs
idie
s. B
ased
on
curre
nt p
rice
leve
ls, p
ublic
ou
tlays
requ
ired
to a
chie
ve th
e pl
anne
d ta
rget
s w
ere
roug
hly
estim
ated
at U
SD 1
trilli
on fo
r Ind
ones
ia
and
USD
260
milli
on fo
r Mal
aysi
a. In
Indo
nesi
a, g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s re
itera
ted
that
the
requ
ired
fund
s w
ould
be
sour
ced
from
the
spec
ial p
alm
oil e
xpor
t lev
y in
trodu
ced
last
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Jul
y &
Oct
.’15)
.
64BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SKi
ribat
iM
ayC
ocon
ut o
ilW
ith m
ultil
ater
al fi
nanc
ial a
nd t
echn
ical
sup
port,
the
Kiri
bati
Gov
ernm
ent
is p
rom
otin
g th
e us
e of
co
conu
t oil
in p
ower
gen
erat
ion,
so
as to
cur
b th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
fuel
impo
rts, w
hile
shi
fting
to
mor
e en
viro
nmen
tally
frie
ndly
form
s of
ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n. U
nder
the
proj
ect,
crud
e co
conu
t oil
will
be b
lend
ed w
ith re
gula
r die
sel f
uel a
t a 9
:1 ra
tio.
65BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
Acco
rdin
g to
offi
cial
sou
rces
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Mal
aysi
a is
poi
sed
to in
crea
se th
e co
untry
’s m
anda
tory
bi
odie
sel a
dmix
ture
rate
from
7 p
erce
nt to
10
perc
ent n
atio
nwid
e du
ring
the
cour
se o
f 201
6. O
rigin
ally,
th
e sh
ift to
the
high
er ra
te w
as s
ched
uled
to ta
ke p
lace
in O
ctob
er 2
015.
Pol
icy
mak
ers
pled
ged
to ra
ise
the
prod
uctio
n an
d us
e of
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l des
pite
dep
ress
ed c
rude
oil p
rices
. The
pro
cess
ing
and
blen
ding
faci
litie
s re
quire
d to
mee
t hig
her b
lend
ing
man
date
s ar
e sa
id to
be
avai
labl
e. H
owev
er, t
he
coun
try’s
auto
mot
ive
indu
stry
has
exp
ress
ed re
serv
atio
ns a
bout
the
high
er b
lend
rate
s.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 13
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
62BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
N
ovem
ber
Biof
uel
In lin
e w
ith e
arlie
r pro
posa
ls (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
’16)
, on
30 N
ovem
ber,
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
pub
lishe
d its
pla
n fo
r th
e re
visi
on o
f th
e EU
’s Re
new
able
Ene
rgy
Dire
ctiv
e. F
or t
he t
rans
porta
tion
sect
or,
the
prop
osal
env
isag
es a
pro
gres
sive
red
uctio
n of
foo
d-ba
sed
biof
uels
and
the
ir re
plac
emen
t by
mor
e ad
vanc
ed b
iofu
els.
The
shi
ft is
aim
ed a
t m
inim
izing
Indi
rect
Lan
d-U
se C
hang
e (IL
UC
) im
pact
s an
d re
alizi
ng th
e po
tent
ial f
or d
e-ca
rbon
izing
the
bloc
’s tra
nspo
rtatio
n se
ctor
, thu
s en
surin
g th
at th
e EU
’s em
issi
on r
educ
tion
com
mitm
ent
are
met
. Und
er t
he p
ropo
sal,
the
max
imum
con
tribu
tion
(in e
nerg
y te
rms)
of c
onve
ntio
nal (
or fi
rst-g
ener
atio
n) fo
od/fe
ed c
rop-
base
d bi
ofue
ls, w
hich
incl
udes
veg
etab
le
oil-b
ased
bio
dies
el, w
ould
gra
dual
ly fa
ll to
3.8
per
cent
in 2
030
(com
pare
d to
7 p
erce
nt in
202
1). A
t th
e sa
me
time,
the
shar
e of
so-
calle
d ‘a
dvan
ced’
(or s
econ
d-ge
nera
tion)
bio
fuel
s m
ade
from
var
ious
ty
pes
of b
iom
ass,
suc
h as
agr
icul
tura
l res
idue
s, w
ould
ris
e fro
m 1
.5 p
erce
nt t
o 6.
8 pe
rcen
t. As
of
Janu
ary
2021
, the
requ
ired
min
imum
GH
G e
mis
sion
sav
ings
from
the
use
of a
dvan
ced
biof
uels
wou
ld
amou
nt to
70
perc
ent.
As to
con
vent
iona
l bio
fuel
s, th
e pr
opos
al d
oes
not d
istin
guis
h be
twee
n di
ffere
nt
type
s of
con
vent
iona
l bio
fuel
s, le
avin
g it
to in
divi
dual
mem
ber
stat
es t
o de
term
ine
that
bre
akdo
wn
whe
n im
plem
entin
g th
e ru
les.
To
go in
to e
ffect
, the
Com
mis
sion
’s pr
opos
al re
quire
s ap
prov
al b
y bo
th
the
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent a
nd in
divi
dual
mem
ber s
tate
s. In
dust
ry re
pres
enta
tive
criti
cize
d th
e pr
opos
al:
whi
le th
ey w
elco
med
the
plan
to g
radu
ally
pha
se-in
the
use
of a
dvan
ced
biof
uels
, the
y op
pose
the
prop
osal
to re
plac
e co
nven
tiona
l bio
fuel
s by
adv
ance
d bi
ofue
ls.
63BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SIn
done
sia/
Mal
aysi
aJa
nuar
yBi
odie
sel
In 2
015,
the
gov
ernm
ents
of
Indo
nesi
a an
d M
alay
sia
anno
unce
d pl
ans
to in
crea
se t
heir
resp
ectiv
e bi
odie
sel c
onsu
mpt
ion
targ
ets
durin
g 20
16, w
ith a
vie
w to
(i) c
appi
ng o
utla
ys o
n cr
ude
oil i
mpo
rts, (
ii) re
duci
ng g
reen
hous
e ga
s em
issi
ons,
and
(iii)
rais
ing
dom
estic
pal
m o
il co
nsum
ptio
n, th
ereb
y le
ndin
g su
ppor
t to
pric
es. I
ndon
esia
, whe
re b
iodi
esel
sal
es b
enefi
t fro
m g
over
nmen
t sub
sidi
es, p
lann
ed to
rais
e m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g of
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l int
o tra
nspo
rt fu
el fr
om 1
5 to
20
perc
ent.
In M
alay
sia,
w
here
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n re
ceiv
es o
nly
limite
d pu
blic
fina
ncia
l sup
port,
an
incr
ease
in m
anda
tory
bl
endi
ng fr
om 7
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t was
pla
nned
. Lat
ely,
offici
als
from
bot
h co
untri
es s
tate
d th
at g
over
nmen
t pl
ans
for 2
016
wou
ld n
ot b
e al
tere
d, e
ven
thou
gh th
e re
cent
col
laps
e in
wor
ld c
rude
oil
pric
es h
ave
mad
e bi
odie
sel a
bout
twic
e as
exp
ensi
ve a
s its
foss
il fu
el a
ltern
ativ
e. T
he a
nnou
ncem
ents
wer
e m
et
with
sce
ptic
ism
by
inde
pend
ent o
bser
vers
and
indu
stry
offi
cial
s, w
ho p
oint
ed o
ut th
at c
urre
nt b
iodi
esel
up
take
stil
l had
to m
eet l
ast y
ear’s
targ
ets,
whi
le p
rodu
ctio
n le
vels
rem
aine
d w
ell b
elow
the
indu
stry
in
stal
led
capa
city
. Mor
eove
r, co
ncer
n w
as e
xpre
ssed
that
the
wid
enin
g pr
ice
gap
betw
een
palm
oil a
nd
crud
e oi
l wou
ld p
rope
l the
am
ount
nee
ded
to fu
nd p
ublic
subs
idie
s. B
ased
on
curre
nt p
rice
leve
ls, p
ublic
ou
tlays
requ
ired
to a
chie
ve th
e pl
anne
d ta
rget
s w
ere
roug
hly
estim
ated
at U
SD 1
trilli
on fo
r Ind
ones
ia
and
USD
260
milli
on fo
r Mal
aysi
a. In
Indo
nesi
a, g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s re
itera
ted
that
the
requ
ired
fund
s w
ould
be
sour
ced
from
the
spec
ial p
alm
oil e
xpor
t lev
y in
trodu
ced
last
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Jul
y &
Oct
.’15)
.
64BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SKi
ribat
iM
ayC
ocon
ut o
ilW
ith m
ultil
ater
al fi
nanc
ial a
nd t
echn
ical
sup
port,
the
Kiri
bati
Gov
ernm
ent
is p
rom
otin
g th
e us
e of
co
conu
t oil
in p
ower
gen
erat
ion,
so
as to
cur
b th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
fuel
impo
rts, w
hile
shi
fting
to
mor
e en
viro
nmen
tally
frie
ndly
form
s of
ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n. U
nder
the
proj
ect,
crud
e co
conu
t oil
will
be b
lend
ed w
ith re
gula
r die
sel f
uel a
t a 9
:1 ra
tio.
65BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
Acco
rdin
g to
offi
cial
sou
rces
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Mal
aysi
a is
poi
sed
to in
crea
se th
e co
untry
’s m
anda
tory
bi
odie
sel a
dmix
ture
rate
from
7 p
erce
nt to
10
perc
ent n
atio
nwid
e du
ring
the
cour
se o
f 201
6. O
rigin
ally,
th
e sh
ift to
the
high
er ra
te w
as s
ched
uled
to ta
ke p
lace
in O
ctob
er 2
015.
Pol
icy
mak
ers
pled
ged
to ra
ise
the
prod
uctio
n an
d us
e of
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l des
pite
dep
ress
ed c
rude
oil p
rices
. The
pro
cess
ing
and
blen
ding
faci
litie
s re
quire
d to
mee
t hig
her b
lend
ing
man
date
s ar
e sa
id to
be
avai
labl
e. H
owev
er, t
he
coun
try’s
auto
mot
ive
indu
stry
has
exp
ress
ed re
serv
atio
ns a
bout
the
high
er b
lend
rate
s.
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
66BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
June
Biod
iese
lIn
Mal
aysi
a, in
Jul
y 20
16, t
he ra
tes
for m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g of
con
vent
iona
l die
sel w
ith p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel a
re s
et t
o be
rai
sed
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t an
d 7
perc
ent
for,
resp
ectiv
ely,
trans
porta
tion
fuel
and
in
dust
rial u
ses
(see
also
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6).T
he G
over
nmen
t ex
pect
s na
tionw
ide
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
hi
gher
stan
dard
s to
be c
ompl
eted
by A
ugus
t 201
6. R
epor
tedl
y, fa
cilit
ies c
urre
ntly
ava
ilabl
e in
the
coun
try
are
adeq
uate
to h
andl
e th
e ne
w B
10 a
nd B
7 fu
els.
Bes
ides
pro
mot
ing
the
use
of re
new
able
, ‘gr
een’
so
urce
s of
ene
rgy,
the
mea
sure
is a
imed
at s
tabi
lizin
g –
via
the
stim
ulat
ion
of lo
cal d
eman
d –
loca
l cru
de
palm
oil
pric
es. T
he g
over
nmen
t exp
ects
pal
m o
il up
take
by
biod
iese
l pro
duce
rs to
gro
w (u
nder
pinn
ed
by th
e ne
w, h
ighe
r ble
ndin
g m
anda
tes)
from
cur
rent
ly 5
00 th
ousa
nd to
nnes
to 7
09 th
ousa
nd to
nnes
per
ye
ar. P
alm
oil i
ndus
try re
pres
enta
tives
que
stio
ned
whe
ther
the
envi
sage
d in
crea
se in
dom
estic
dem
and
will
be s
uffici
ent
to d
rain
the
cou
ntry
’s su
rplu
s ou
tput
of c
rude
pal
m o
il. T
hey
also
war
ned
that
the
cu
rrent
low
min
eral
oil
pric
es c
ould
mak
e bi
odie
sel p
rodu
ctio
n un
com
petit
ive.
67BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
July
Biod
iese
lIn
Mal
aysi
a, th
e pl
anne
d sh
ift fr
om B
7 (i.
e. tr
ansp
orta
tion
dies
el c
onta
inin
g 7
perc
ent o
f bio
dies
el) t
o B1
0 (1
0 pe
rcen
t bl
ends
) has
bee
n de
laye
d pe
ndin
g th
e ou
tcom
e of
tal
ks b
etw
een
the
gove
rnm
ent
and
indu
stry
sta
keho
lder
s, n
otab
ly c
ar m
anuf
actu
rers
and
pet
rol s
tatio
n op
erat
ors
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
16).
Repo
rtedl
y, so
me
auto
mak
ers a
re c
once
rned
abo
ut th
e al
lege
d ad
vers
e im
pact
of h
ighe
r-gra
de b
iodi
esel
on
the
perfo
rman
ce o
f die
sel e
ngin
es a
nd h
ence
on
war
rant
y co
vera
ges.
Gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als
info
rmed
th
at r
elev
ant
min
istri
es w
ould
stu
dy a
nd a
ddre
ss t
he c
once
rns
rais
ed, a
ddin
g th
at t
he g
over
nmen
t re
mai
ns c
omm
itted
to im
plem
ent m
anda
tory
B10
use
bef
ore
the
end
of 2
016.
68BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
Oct
ober
Biod
iese
lAf
ter
seve
ral p
ostp
onem
ents
, th
e pl
anne
d sh
ift t
o hi
gher
bio
dies
el m
anda
tes
coul
d ta
ke p
lace
on
1 De
cem
ber 2
016,
acc
ordi
ng to
uno
ffici
al s
ourc
es (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.’16)
. The
tran
spor
tatio
n se
ctor
w
ould
shi
ft fro
m m
anda
tory
con
sum
ptio
n of
B7
blen
ds (i
.e. d
iese
l con
tain
ing
7 pe
rcen
t of p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel)
to B
10 b
lend
s, s
tarti
ng w
ith th
e st
ate
of J
ohor
. At t
he s
ame
time,
the
indu
stria
l sec
tor
wou
ld b
e ex
pect
ed to
mov
e to
B7
blen
ds n
atio
n-w
ide.
69BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
Con
trary
to e
arlie
r ann
ounc
emen
ts, t
he G
over
nmen
t of M
alay
sia
deci
ded
to d
efer
the
plan
ned
shift
to
B10
for t
he tr
ansp
ort s
ecto
r and
to B
7 fo
r the
indu
stria
l sec
tor –
i.e.
die
sel f
uel c
onta
inin
g, re
spec
tivel
y, 10
and
7 p
erce
nt o
f pa
lm o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l – t
o a
late
r, un
spec
ified
dat
e (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.&
Nov
.’16)
. Gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als
expl
aine
d th
at th
e pr
evai
ling
larg
e pr
ice
gap
betw
een
min
eral
oil
and
palm
oil h
as s
igni
fican
tly ra
ised
the
cost
of i
mpl
emen
ting
the
high
er m
anda
tes,
risk
ing
to u
ndul
y bu
rden
co
nsum
ers.
The
shi
ft w
as d
efer
red
until
a m
ore
suita
ble
time,
i.e.
unt
il th
e pr
ice
gap
dim
inis
hes.
The
co
untry
’s pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
ers
rem
ain
in fa
vour
of t
he m
ove,
whi
ch, b
y ra
isin
g an
nual
dom
estic
pal
m o
il us
e by
an
estim
ated
800
000
tonn
es, w
ould
hel
p br
ing
dow
n th
e co
untry
’s pa
lm o
il st
ocks
and
sup
port
pric
es.
70BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SN
epal
June
Jatro
pha
oil
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al fo
rmed
a c
omm
ittee
to e
xam
ine
the
poss
ibilit
y of
pro
duci
ng b
iodi
esel
from
ja
troph
a cu
rcas
see
d. In
the
coun
try, o
ver 5
00 th
ousa
nd h
ecta
res
of u
nuse
d la
nd a
re d
eem
ed s
uita
ble
for
jatro
pha
culti
vatio
n, a
nd p
relim
inar
y st
udie
s cl
aim
tha
t se
vera
l reg
ions
hav
e a
high
pot
entia
l for
co
mm
erci
al ja
troph
a fa
rmin
g. T
he g
over
nmen
t is
purs
uing
bio
dies
el in
itiat
ives
with
a v
iew
to re
duce
th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
impo
rted
foss
il fu
els,
whi
le re
duci
ng c
arbo
n em
issi
ons.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
coun
try s
till b
as to
put
in p
lace
the
nece
ssar
y in
frast
ruct
ure
for b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
and
mar
ketin
g.
71BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SPh
ilippi
nes
May
Biod
iese
lIn
May
201
6, th
e Ph
ilippi
nes’
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ene
rgy
issu
ed n
ew s
peci
ficat
ions
for c
ocon
ut m
ethy
l est
er
(coc
onut
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel).
Alle
gedl
y, th
e re
vise
d na
tiona
l sta
ndar
d (w
hich
feat
ures
hig
her i
odin
e an
d ox
idat
ion
stab
ility
valu
es, a
low
er m
axim
um s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt, a
nd a
col
d so
ak fi
ltera
bilit
y te
st) r
aise
s th
e ba
r for
qua
lity
beyo
nd th
e gl
obal
ly a
ccep
ted
ASTM
bio
dies
el s
tand
ard.
Com
plia
nce
with
the
new
st
anda
rd h
as b
ecom
e m
anda
tory
for a
ll bi
odie
sel p
rodu
ced
and
sold
in th
e co
untry
.
14 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
72BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
STh
aila
ndM
ayBi
odie
sel
In T
haila
nd, w
here
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
of d
iese
l tra
nspo
rtatio
n fu
el w
ith 7
per
cent
of p
alm
-oil
base
d bi
odie
sel is
in p
lace
sinc
e 20
14, t
he vo
lunt
ary n
atio
nwid
e sa
le o
f B10
(die
sel b
lend
s con
tain
ing
10 p
erce
nt
biod
iese
l) is
pla
nned
for 2
018.
Pol
icym
aker
s ar
e w
orki
ng o
n in
dust
ry s
tand
ards
for t
he h
ighe
r ble
nds
and
may
intro
duce
tax
ince
ntiv
es to
mak
e B1
0 m
ore
attra
ctiv
e. B
7 w
ill re
mai
n co
mm
erci
ally
ava
ilabl
e al
ongs
ide
B10.
For
veh
icle
s ru
n by
sta
te a
genc
ies
and
the
milit
ary,
B10
usag
e w
ill be
man
dato
ry.
73BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
STh
aila
ndJu
neBi
odie
sel
In T
haila
nd, w
here
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
of d
iese
l tra
nspo
rtatio
n fu
el w
ith 7
per
cent
of p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel is
in p
lace
sinc
e 201
4, th
e Gov
ernm
ent s
igne
d M
oUs w
ith p
rivat
e ene
rgy a
nd lo
gist
ics c
ompa
nies
to
use
B20
bio
dies
el (2
0 pe
rcen
t ble
nds)
for t
heir
heav
y ve
hicl
es. T
HB
115
milli
on (U
SD 3
.3 m
illion
) fro
m
the
coun
try’s
Ener
gy C
onse
rvat
ion
Prom
otio
n Fu
nd w
ill be
mad
e av
aila
ble
to s
ubsi
dize
pur
chas
es o
f th
e al
tern
ativ
e fu
el b
y th
e si
gnat
ory
com
pani
es. M
oreo
ver,
a fe
asib
ility
stud
y is
und
erw
ay to
eva
luat
e th
e us
e of
B10
bio
dies
el in
milit
ary
and
gove
rnm
ent t
rans
ports
. Onc
e th
e ne
cess
ary
assu
ranc
es w
ill be
obt
aine
d fro
m c
ar m
anuf
actu
rers
, B10
and
B20
ble
nds
will
also
bec
ome
avai
labl
e co
mm
erci
ally
(s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e 20
16).
74BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
STh
aila
ndAu
gust
Biod
iese
lTh
e G
over
nmen
t of
Tha
iland
dec
ided
to
redu
ce m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g of
tra
nspo
rtatio
n di
esel
with
pa
lm o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l fro
m 7
per
cent
to 5
per
cent
in J
uly
2016
, and
furth
er to
3 p
erce
nt in
Aug
ust
2016
. Ble
ndin
g re
quire
men
ts h
ave
been
low
ered
in a
bid
to
end
a te
mpo
rary
sho
rtage
in d
omes
tic
cook
ing
oil s
uppl
ies.
Rep
orte
dly,
natio
nal p
alm
oil
supp
lies
have
bee
n lo
wer
than
ear
lier
antic
ipat
ed
(bec
ause
of p
oor y
ield
s lin
ked
to E
l Niñ
o), r
aisi
ng c
once
rn th
at s
oarin
g co
okin
g oi
l pric
es c
ould
har
m
cons
umer
s. N
o da
te h
as b
een
prov
ided
for t
he re
stor
atio
n of
the
7 pe
rcen
t ble
ndin
g ra
te. L
ast y
ear,
conf
ront
ed w
ith a
sim
ilar s
ituat
ion,
the
Gov
ernm
ent s
ofte
ned
its b
lend
ing
oblig
atio
ns fo
r a p
erio
d of
th
ree
mon
ths
(see
MPP
U M
ay’1
5). I
nter
estin
gly,
in o
ther
inst
ance
s, th
e G
over
nmen
t has
inte
rven
ed in
m
arke
ts to
pro
tect
pal
m o
il gr
ower
s fro
m s
udde
n pr
ice
falls
(see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6 an
d Au
g./O
ct.’1
5).T
o be
tter u
nder
stan
d th
e re
curre
nt s
win
gs in
dom
estic
sup
plie
s an
d pr
ices
, the
Ene
rgy
Min
istry
dec
ided
to
mon
itor m
ovem
ents
in d
omes
tic p
alm
oil
stoc
ks, a
naly
sing
how
thes
e aff
ect t
he m
arke
t. In
the
long
er
term
, the
Gov
ernm
ent r
emai
ns c
omm
itted
to li
ft m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g to
20
perc
ent b
y th
e ye
ar 2
036.
La
st y
ear,
the
Gov
ernm
ent a
lread
y off
ered
to s
ubsi
dize
vol
unta
ry u
se o
f 20
perc
ent b
lend
s by
truc
k dr
iver
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’15
). H
owev
er, t
he g
over
nmen
t rec
ently
adv
ised
that
nat
ionw
ide
intro
duct
ion
of
10 p
erce
nt b
lend
s w
ould
be
post
pone
d to
201
8. In
dust
ry e
xper
ts re
peat
edly
que
stio
ned
the
coun
try’s
abilit
y to
acc
ompl
ish
high
er b
lend
ing
rate
s gi
ven
wea
ther
unc
erta
intie
s an
d ot
her c
halle
nges
face
d by
th
e co
untry
’s pa
lm o
il in
dust
ry.
75BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Janu
ary
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
S C
ongr
ess
pass
ed t
he e
xten
sion
of
the
USD
1 p
er g
allo
n (U
SD 0
.26
per
litre
) tax
cre
dit
for
biod
iese
l bl
ende
rs,
whi
ch h
ad e
xpire
d at
the
end
of
2014
. Th
e ta
x cr
edit
appl
ies
retro
activ
ely
to
1 Ja
nuar
y 20
15 a
nd w
ill re
mai
n in
pla
ce u
ntil 3
1 De
cem
ber 2
016.
A b
id to
refo
rm th
e su
bsid
y –
narro
win
g th
e sc
ope
of th
e cr
edit
to d
omes
tic p
rodu
ctio
n –
has
been
turn
ed d
own
by p
olic
y m
aker
s. T
he c
ount
ry’s
biod
iese
l ind
ustry
had
pro
pose
d th
at th
e ta
x in
cent
ive
be p
rovi
ded
to p
rodu
cers
rath
er th
an b
lend
ers.
Si
nce
blen
ders
util
ize b
oth
dom
estic
and
impo
rted
prod
uct
(dep
endi
ng o
n pr
ices
), th
e m
odifi
catio
n w
ould
hav
e m
ade
impo
rted
biod
iese
l inel
igib
le fo
r the
cre
dit a
nd th
us le
ss c
ompe
titiv
e. C
onve
rsel
y, th
e su
bsid
y’s e
xten
sion
in it
s cu
rrent
form
cou
ld –
giv
en th
e av
aila
bilit
y of
com
petit
ivel
y pr
iced
bio
dies
el
on th
e w
orld
mar
ket –
lead
to a
furth
er in
crea
se in
US
biod
iese
l im
ports
in 2
016,
at t
he e
xpen
se o
f do
mes
tical
ly p
rodu
ced
biod
iese
l.
76BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
May
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S.
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pr
otec
tion
Agen
cy (
EPA)
pro
pose
d a
man
dato
ry v
olum
e re
quire
men
t fo
r bi
omas
s-ba
sed
dies
el in
201
8 of
2.1
billi
on g
allo
ns –
com
pare
d w
ith fi
nal s
tand
ards
of 1
.9 b
illion
gal
lons
an
d 2.
0 bi
llion
gallo
ns in
201
6 an
d 20
17 r
espe
ctiv
ely.
The
coun
try’s
curre
nt p
rodu
ctio
n ca
paci
ty is
es
timat
ed a
t 2.1
billi
on g
allo
ns.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 15
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
77BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
May
Biod
iese
lIn
Iow
a, th
e st
ate
with
the
seco
nd la
rges
t bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n ca
paci
ty in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, t
he lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent d
ecid
ed to
ext
end
its b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
cred
it –
orig
inal
ly s
et to
exp
ire a
t the
end
of 2
017
– th
roug
h 20
24. T
he p
rodu
cers
cre
dit w
ill re
mai
n at
2 U
S ce
nts
per g
allo
n fo
r the
firs
t 25
milli
on g
allo
ns
of p
rodu
ctio
n pe
r pla
nt. I
n ad
ditio
n, th
e st
ate’
s re
tail t
ax c
redi
t is
set t
o be
ext
ende
d an
d ex
pand
ed: w
hile
re
taile
rs w
ill co
ntin
ue to
rece
ive
a ta
x cr
edit
of 4
.5 U
S ce
nts
per g
allo
n fo
r sal
es o
f die
sel c
onta
inin
g at
le
ast 5
per
cent
bio
dies
el (B
5), f
rom
201
8 th
roug
h 20
24, t
he B
5 in
cent
ive
will
drop
to 3
.5 U
S ce
nts
per
gallo
n, w
here
as a
n ad
ditio
nal i
ncen
tive
of 5
.5 U
S ce
nts
per g
allo
n w
ill ta
ke e
ffect
for d
iese
l con
tain
ing
at le
ast 1
1 pe
rcen
t bio
dies
el.
78BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Augu
stBi
ofue
lAc
cord
ing
to it
s ow
n in
spec
tor g
ener
al, t
he U
S En
viro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n Ag
ency
(EPA
) has
falle
n be
hind
on
com
plia
nce
with
a n
umbe
r of
stu
dies
, inc
ludi
ng a
rep
ort
to C
ongr
ess
on t
he e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd
cons
erva
tion
impa
cts
of th
e co
untry
’s Re
new
able
Fue
ls S
tand
ard.
Alle
gedl
y, no
t hav
ing
the
requ
ired
repo
rts a
nd s
tudi
es c
ompr
omis
es t
he a
genc
y’s a
bilit
y to
iden
tify,
cons
ider
and
mak
e po
licy
mak
ers
awar
e of
any
adv
erse
impa
cts
of re
new
able
fuel
s. R
epor
tedl
y, EP
A al
so fa
iled
to id
entif
y a
proc
ess
to
upda
te it
s lif
ecyc
le G
HG
em
issi
on a
naly
sis
for i
ndiv
idua
l ren
ewab
le fu
els.
The
met
hodo
logy
cur
rent
ly
used
relie
s on
a re
port
subm
itted
bac
k in
201
0.
79BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Oct
ober
Biod
iese
lA
Uni
ted
Stat
es d
istri
ct c
ourt
has
rule
d th
at b
iodi
esel
ble
ndin
g m
anda
tes
appl
ied
in t
he s
tate
of
Min
neso
ta s
ince
200
5 do
not
con
flict
with
the
fede
ral R
enew
able
Fue
l Sta
ndar
d (R
FS),
and
that
the
RFS
ther
efor
e do
es n
ot p
re-e
mpt
Min
neso
ta’s
man
date
s. U
nder
Min
neso
ta s
tate
law,
die
sel f
uel s
old
with
in th
e st
ate
is re
quire
d to
con
tain
a s
peci
fic p
erce
ntag
e of
bio
dies
el (c
urre
ntly
10
perc
ent,
with
a
trans
ition
to 2
0 pe
rcen
t sch
edul
ed fo
r 201
8 –
see
MPP
U J
une’
14).
The
plai
ntiff
s –
oil,
gas,
truc
king
, aut
o m
anuf
actu
rer a
nd a
uto
deal
ersh
ip tr
ade
asso
ciat
ions
– h
ad a
rgue
d th
at M
inne
sota
’s pe
r-gal
lon
blen
ding
re
quire
men
ts, g
eogr
aphi
cal b
lend
ing
oblig
atio
ns a
nd t
imin
g re
stric
tions
are
not
com
patib
le w
ith t
he
natio
nal R
FS. M
inne
sota
was
the
first
sta
te to
pas
s a
biod
iese
l ble
ndin
g la
w, b
ut o
ther
US
stat
es h
ave
subs
eque
ntly
follo
wed
sui
t.
80BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
The
US
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) i
ncre
ased
the
targ
ets
for r
enew
able
fuel
con
sum
ptio
n un
der
the
coun
try’s
Rene
wab
le F
uel S
tand
ard.
Alth
ough
the
sta
ndar
ds h
ave
been
kep
t be
low
the
st
atut
ory
targ
ets
set
in 2
007
to r
eflec
t ch
angi
ng m
arke
t re
aliti
es,
the
stea
dily
inc
reas
ing
volu
mes
co
ntin
ue to
sup
port
Con
gres
s’s in
tent
to e
xpan
d to
tal c
onsu
mpt
ion
of re
new
able
fuel
s, E
PA s
aid.
The
ag
ency
fina
lized
the
volu
me
requ
irem
ents
and
ass
ocia
ted
perc
enta
ge s
tand
ards
for t
otal
, con
vent
iona
l an
d ad
vanc
ed re
new
able
fuel
s fo
r the
yea
r 201
7, a
s w
ell a
s th
e vo
lum
e fo
r bio
mas
s-ba
sed
dies
el in
20
18. T
he v
olum
e of
‘tot
al r
enew
able
fue
l’ w
ill ris
e to
19.
28 b
illion
gal
lons
in 2
017,
up
6.5
perc
ent
form
201
6 bu
t sig
nific
antly
bel
ow th
e ta
rget
orig
inal
ly s
et b
y C
ongr
ess.
With
in th
at to
tal,
the
volu
me
of
‘non
-adv
ance
d co
nven
tiona
l bio
fuel
s’ (m
ostly
mai
ze-b
ased
eth
anol
) will
incr
ease
to 1
5 bi
llion
gallo
ns,
final
ly m
eetin
g th
e co
ngre
ssio
nal g
oal;
and
‘adv
ance
d bi
ofue
ls’,
whi
ch a
re re
quire
d to
ach
ieve
at l
east
50
per
cent
lifec
ycle
GH
G e
mis
sion
redu
ctio
ns, a
re s
et a
t 4.2
8 bi
llion
gallo
ns –
up
19 p
erce
nt fr
om 2
016,
bu
t stil
l bel
ow th
e or
igin
al c
ongr
essi
onal
targ
et. U
nder
the
adva
nced
bio
fuel
s ca
tego
ry, ‘
biom
ass-
base
d di
esel
’ (pr
oduc
ed fr
om v
eget
able
oils
, not
ably
soy
bean
oil,
and
ani
mal
fats
) is
set t
o gr
ow b
y 10
0 m
illion
ga
llons
in b
oth
2017
and
201
8, i.
e. to
vol
umes
twic
e th
e m
inim
um ta
rget
man
date
d by
Con
gres
s. In
ad
ditio
n, v
eget
able
oil-
base
d di
esel
may
als
o qu
alify
und
er t
he ‘u
ndiff
eren
tiate
d ad
vanc
ed b
iofu
els’
ca
tego
ry. G
iven
that
sev
eral
of t
he a
bove
fina
l tar
gets
exc
eed
the
prop
osal
s un
veile
d by
EPA
ear
lier
this
yea
r, a
high
er th
an p
revi
ousl
y an
ticip
ated
vol
ume
of fe
edst
ock,
in p
artic
ular
of s
oybe
an o
il, m
ight
be
requ
ired
to fu
lfil t
he n
ew U
S m
anda
tes
– a
pros
pect
that
trig
gere
d pr
ice
spik
es a
cros
s ve
geta
ble
oil
mar
kets
wor
ld-w
ide.
16 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
81M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Bang
lade
shJa
nuar
yEd
ible
oils
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ban
glad
esh
toge
ther
with
repr
esen
tativ
es o
f the
cou
ntry
’s ve
geta
ble
oil r
efine
rs a
nd
trade
rs a
gree
d to
cut
the
who
lesa
le p
rice
of c
ooki
ng o
il by
BDT
5 a
litre
(0.6
US
cent
), or
abo
ut 5
per
cent
. Th
e m
easu
re is
mea
nt t
o en
sure
tha
t co
nsum
ers
bene
fit f
rom
the
on-
goin
g de
clin
e in
inte
rnat
iona
l ve
geta
ble
oil p
rices
. In
Bang
lade
sh, w
here
impo
rts a
ccou
nt fo
r abo
ut 8
5 pe
rcen
t of d
omes
tic e
dibl
e oi
l con
sum
ptio
n, c
onsu
mer
pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s w
ere
last
impl
emen
ted
durin
g 20
11–2
012
to s
hiel
d co
nsum
ers
from
sur
ges
in in
tern
atio
nal p
rices
(see
MPP
U M
ar.’1
1 &
Sep.
’12)
.
82M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Bang
lade
shM
arch
Edib
le o
ilsTh
e G
over
nmen
t of B
angl
ades
h de
cide
d to
ext
end
the
valu
e-ad
ded
tax
exem
ptio
n on
dom
estic
edi
ble
oil t
rade
– g
rant
ed in
Feb
ruar
y 20
15 a
nd d
ue to
exp
ire in
Jun
e 20
16 –
by
one
year
, i.e
. unt
il 30
June
201
7.
The
mea
sure
is a
imed
at s
tabi
lizin
g do
mes
tic re
tail
pric
es o
f edi
ble
oils
. In
past
yea
rs, t
he g
over
nmen
t ha
s im
plem
ente
d a
varie
ty o
f mea
sure
s ai
med
at s
ecur
ing
dom
estic
sup
plie
s an
d pr
even
ting
cons
umer
pr
ices
from
risi
ng (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
’16)
.
83M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Can
ada
May
Gra
ins,
oi
lsee
dsTh
e G
over
nmen
t of C
anad
a de
cide
d to
ext
end
by o
ne y
ear –
unt
il Au
gust
201
7 –
the
rule
s pu
t in
plac
e in
201
4 to
ens
ure
that
gra
ins,
oils
eeds
and
oth
er c
rops
reac
h m
arke
ts in
a ti
mel
y m
anne
r (se
e M
PPU
Ap
r.’15
). Th
e re
gula
tions
requ
ire m
inim
um s
hipm
ent v
olum
es b
y th
e co
untry
’s tw
o m
ain
railw
ays.
The
y al
so e
ntitl
e tra
ders
to
rece
ive
com
pens
atio
n w
hen
a ha
uler
fai
ls t
o pr
ovid
e ad
equa
te s
ervi
ces,
and
gi
ve U
.S.-b
ased
rai
lway
s gr
eate
r ac
cess
to
the
Can
adia
n fre
ight
mar
ket.
Gra
in t
rade
rs w
elco
med
th
e go
vern
men
t’s d
ecis
ion,
say
ing
that
the
prov
isio
ns h
ad p
rove
n to
be
an e
ffect
ive
tool
to e
nhan
ce
com
petit
ion
amon
g ca
rrier
s. B
y co
ntra
st,
the
coun
try’s
railw
ay c
ompa
nies
dee
med
the
mea
sure
s’
exte
nsio
n to
be
unju
stifi
ed.
84M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Can
ada
Nov
embe
rG
rain
s,
oils
eeds
In N
ovem
ber,
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Can
ada
pres
ente
d its
‘Tra
nspo
rtatio
n 20
30’ s
trate
gy, w
hich
pro
pose
s pe
rman
ent m
easu
res
to e
nsur
e effi
cien
t rai
l mov
emen
t of g
oods
– e
spec
ially
gra
ins
and
oils
eeds
– to
th
e co
untry
’s ex
port
hubs
. The
mov
e ha
s be
en t
rigge
red
by t
he w
eakn
esse
s ex
pose
d in
Can
ada’
s ra
il sh
ippi
ng s
yste
m f
ollo
win
g th
e re
cord
201
3 cr
op,
whi
ch le
d to
suc
cess
ive
tem
pora
ry m
easu
re
desi
gned
to o
verc
ome
the
logi
stic
hur
dles
face
d by
the
agric
ultu
ral s
ecto
r (se
e M
PPU
Sep
.’14,
Jan
.’15
& Ju
n.’1
6). T
he m
easu
res
in p
lace
at p
rese
nt a
re s
et to
exp
ire in
mid
-201
7. U
pon
com
plet
ion
of in
-de
pth
cons
ulta
tions
with
sta
keho
lder
s al
ong
the
entir
e su
pply
cha
in, n
ew le
gisl
atio
n re
plac
ing
the
1996
C
anad
a Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Act a
nd th
e 20
14 F
air R
ail f
or G
rain
Far
mer
s Ac
t cou
ld b
e in
pla
ce in
the
sprin
g of
201
7.
85M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Indi
aAp
rilAg
ricul
tura
l co
mm
oditi
esIn
Apr
il 20
16,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of I
ndia
lau
nche
d an
e-tr
adin
g pl
atfo
rm c
over
ing
25 a
gric
ultu
ral
com
mod
ities
, inc
ludi
ng m
ajor
oils
eeds
, in
a bi
d to
impr
ove
trans
pare
ncy
in w
hole
sale
mar
kets
and
he
lp fa
rmer
s ob
tain
bet
ter p
rices
for t
heir
prod
ucts
. The
pla
tform
allo
ws
farm
ers
to s
ell t
heir
prod
ucts
on
line
in a
ny o
f the
regi
ster
ed m
arke
ts. O
ut o
f Ind
ia’s
29 s
tate
s, 2
1 ar
e pa
rtici
patin
g in
the
proj
ect,
whi
ch
initi
ally
cov
ers
365
who
lesa
le m
arke
ts.
86M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Indi
aJu
lyC
ocon
ut o
ilIn
gov
ernm
ent o
f Ker
ala
stat
e (In
dia)
pro
pose
d th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
sev
eral
taxe
s –
incl
udin
g a
5 pe
rcen
t le
vy o
n co
conu
t oil
sale
s an
d a
14.5
per
cent
‘fat
tax’
on
sele
cted
food
pro
duct
s so
ld th
roug
h br
ande
d ou
tlets
. Alle
gedl
y, th
e fa
t tax
is a
imed
at p
rom
otin
g he
alth
y ea
ting
habi
ts, w
hile
the
reve
nues
from
the
prop
osed
coc
onut
oil
levy
wou
ld b
e ea
rmar
ked
for p
rocu
rem
ent o
f cop
ra fr
om c
ocon
ut g
row
ers.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 17
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
87M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Indi
aJu
lyFo
od, e
dibl
e oi
lsC
once
rned
ove
r ris
ing
infla
tion,
Indi
a’s
Cen
tral G
over
nmen
t ha
s as
ked
stat
e offi
cial
s to
rem
ove
all
loca
l tax
es th
at a
re le
vied
on
esse
ntia
l foo
d ite
ms
(incl
udin
g ed
ible
oils
), lo
cal n
ewsp
aper
s re
porte
d.
Appa
rent
ly, t
he m
ove
is a
imed
at
ensu
ring
natio
nwid
e ad
equa
te s
uppl
ies
of e
ssen
tial f
ood
item
s at
pr
ices
affo
rdab
le to
con
sum
ers.
Sta
te g
over
nmen
ts s
houl
d al
so re
duce
the
num
ber o
f int
erm
edia
ries
in th
e su
pply
cha
in a
nd a
llow
farm
ers
to s
ell t
heir
prod
uce
at a
ny p
lace
of t
heir
choi
ce. M
oreo
ver,
to
enha
nce
the
avai
labi
lity
of e
ssen
tial f
oods
and
che
ck p
rice
rises
, loc
al g
over
nmen
ts h
ave
been
invi
ted
to in
trodu
ce p
ricin
g po
licie
s, im
plem
ent m
arke
t int
erve
ntio
n sc
hem
es, a
nd s
et u
p m
arke
t inf
orm
atio
n sy
stem
s.
88M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Indi
aO
ctob
erEd
ible
oils
, oi
lsee
dsIn
Indi
a, fe
dera
l pro
visi
ons
limiti
ng th
e am
ount
of e
dibl
e oi
l and
oils
eed
stoc
ks th
at p
rivat
e tra
ders
are
al
low
ed to
hol
d ha
ve b
een
exte
nded
for a
noth
er y
ear u
ntil S
epte
mbe
r 201
7 (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Oct
’15)
.The
pr
ovis
ion
is a
imed
at p
reve
ntin
g ho
ardi
ng a
nd u
nscr
upul
ous
tradi
ng w
hich
has
led
to u
pwar
d sp
irals
in
food
pric
es in
the
past
.
89M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Indo
nesi
aO
ctob
erSo
ybea
nTh
e G
over
nmen
t of I
ndon
esia
revi
sed
the
refe
renc
e pr
ices
for b
asic
food
item
s, in
clud
ing
soyb
eans
. Th
e so
ybea
n fa
rm g
ate
floor
pric
e in
tend
ed t
o pr
otec
t fa
rmer
s ag
ains
t sh
arp
pric
e dr
ops
has
been
ra
ised
to ID
R 8
500
per k
g (U
SD 6
48 p
er to
nne)
, whi
le th
e pr
ice
ceilin
g m
eant
to p
rote
ct c
onsu
mer
from
pr
ice
surg
es h
as b
een
set a
t IDR
9 2
00 p
er k
g (U
SD 7
01 p
er to
nne)
. The
pric
e lim
its w
ill be
revi
ewed
ev
ery
four
mon
ths.
90M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Mal
aysi
aN
ovem
ber
Edib
le o
ilsIn
Nov
embe
r, th
e G
over
nmen
t of
Mal
aysi
a in
trodu
ced
chan
ges
to t
he c
ount
ry’s
cook
ing
oil
pric
e st
abiliz
atio
n m
echa
nism
, to
add
ress
wea
knes
s fo
und
in t
he s
chem
e’s
man
agem
ent
and
beca
use
gove
rnm
ent o
utla
ys fo
r sub
sidi
zed
palm
oil
sale
s sw
elle
d du
e to
risi
ng p
alm
oil
pric
es. U
nder
the
new
ru
les,
low
-inco
me
grou
ps w
ill co
ntin
ue to
hav
e ac
cess
to 1
kg
cook
ing
oil p
acke
ts a
t a s
ubsi
dize
d pr
ice
of R
M 2
.50
per p
ack
(USD
0.5
7), w
here
as c
ooki
ng o
il in
bottl
es w
ill be
sol
d at
mar
ket p
rices
. Acc
ordi
ng
to g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s, u
nder
the
new
arra
ngem
ent,
the
disc
ount
will
cont
inue
to re
ach
the
inte
nded
lo
wer
inco
me
grou
ps.
91M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– M
arke
t reg
ulat
ion
Nep
alM
ayEd
ible
oils
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Nep
al la
unch
ed a
n in
vest
igat
ion
into
sur
ging
reta
il pr
ices
for e
dibl
e oi
ls a
nd o
ther
es
sent
ial g
oods
, offi
cial
sou
rces
info
rmed
. Rep
orte
dly,
oil m
anuf
actu
rers
hav
e be
en a
sked
to p
rovi
de
deta
ils o
n th
eir c
osts
of p
rodu
ctio
n, s
tock
s, a
nd p
rice
setti
ng p
olic
ies.
92M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Chi
naJa
nuar
yRa
pese
ed o
ilIn
Chi
na, s
ales
from
sta
te re
serv
es o
f rap
esee
d oi
l, w
hich
are
est
imat
ed to
tota
l 4–6
milli
on to
nnes
, re
sum
ed in
Dec
embe
r 20
15.
Out
of
64 0
00 t
onne
s off
ered
, on
ly 5
7 pe
rcen
t w
ere
sold
, se
emin
gly
refle
ctin
g qu
ality
issu
es, a
s pa
rt of
the
prod
uce
offer
ed h
ad b
een
kept
in s
tora
ge s
ince
200
9. L
ast y
ear,
the
gove
rnm
ent d
ecid
ed to
pha
se-o
ut p
ublic
pro
cure
men
t of r
apes
eed
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
15).
93M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Chi
naJu
neRa
pese
ed o
ilSa
les
of r
apes
eed
oil f
rom
sta
te r
eser
ves
cont
inue
d in
Chi
na (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
. Rep
orte
dly,
publ
ic a
uctio
ns h
eld
durin
g th
e m
onth
of J
une
2016
in 1
1 pr
ovin
ces
conc
erne
d ra
pese
ed o
il ba
tche
s he
ld in
sto
re s
ince
, res
pect
ivel
y, 20
11 a
nd 2
012.
In H
ubei
, the
pro
vinc
e re
cord
ing
the
high
est s
ales
, an
aver
age
pric
e of
CN
Y 5
385
per t
onne
(USD
803
) was
obt
aine
d.
18 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
94M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Chi
naJu
lySo
ybea
nIn
Jul
y 20
16, t
he G
over
nmen
t of C
hina
resu
med
soy
bean
sal
es fr
om s
tate
rese
rves
via
wee
kly
auct
ions
(w
hich
last
took
pla
ce d
urin
g th
e 20
14/1
5 ca
mpa
ign)
, in
a bi
d to
hel
p ea
se ti
ght d
omes
tic s
uppl
ies.
Ba
sed
on o
ffici
al s
ourc
es, d
urin
g th
e fir
st th
ree
auct
ions
, whi
ch in
clud
ed s
oybe
ans
from
the
coun
try’s
2010
, 201
2 an
d 20
13 h
arve
sts,
a to
tal o
f 716
000
tonn
es h
ave
been
sol
d. R
epor
tedl
y, di
scou
nted
pric
es
– ra
ngin
g ar
ound
CN
Y 3
300
per t
onne
(USD
497
) – a
ttrac
ted
buye
rs fr
om b
oth
the
food
and
ani
mal
fe
ed s
ecto
rs.
Mar
ket
obse
rver
s ex
pect
the
gov
ernm
ent
to p
ut o
n sa
le it
s en
tire
soyb
ean
rese
rves
, w
hich
priv
ate
sour
ces
estim
ate
betw
een
4–6
milli
on to
nnes
. Pro
vide
d au
ctio
n pr
ices
rem
ain
attra
ctiv
e,
dem
and
by th
e in
dust
ry c
ould
rem
ain
stro
ng a
s th
e co
untry
’s fo
od s
ecto
r is
said
to fa
ce a
sho
rtage
of
non-
GM
soy
bean
s, w
hile
low
er-q
ualit
y be
ans
coul
d be
abs
orbe
d by
cru
sher
s th
at p
rodu
ce s
oym
eal f
or
anim
al fe
ed.
95M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Chi
naAu
gust
Rape
seed
oil
In C
hina
, acc
ordi
ng to
priv
ate
sect
or e
stim
ates
, sin
ce th
e re
sum
ptio
n of
sal
es fr
om s
tate
rese
rves
in
Dece
mbe
r 201
5, 1
.8 m
illion
tonn
es o
f rap
esee
d oi
l hav
e be
en s
old
thro
ugh
publ
ic a
uctio
ns (s
ee a
lso
MPP
U J
uly’
16).
Addi
tiona
l sal
es a
re e
xpec
ted
to ta
ke p
lace
in th
e co
min
g m
onth
s.
96M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Chi
naO
ctob
erSo
ybea
n,
rape
seed
oil
In C
hina
, acc
ordi
ng to
uno
ffici
al s
ourc
es, s
oybe
ans
sale
s fro
m s
tate
rese
rves
thro
ugh
wee
kly
auct
ions
ha
ve b
een
susp
ende
d in
Oct
ober
to fa
cilit
ate
mar
ketin
g of
the
new
201
6/17
cro
p. R
epor
tedl
y, as
of
23 S
epte
mbe
r, a to
tal o
f 1.5
7 m
illion
tonn
es o
f soy
bean
s was
sold
. Reg
ardi
ng ra
pese
ed o
il, st
ate
auct
ions
w
ere
susp
ende
d ba
ck in
Jun
e 20
16 (w
ith s
ales
tota
lling
2.28
milli
on to
nnes
bet
wee
n De
cem
ber 2
015
and
June
201
6), b
ut re
sum
ed in
Oct
ober
. Rep
orte
dly,
as o
f 19
Oct
ober
, 200
000
tonn
es o
f rap
esee
d oi
l ha
ve b
een
sold
via
auc
tions
.
97M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Chi
naN
ovem
ber
Rape
seed
oil
In C
hina
, sin
ce th
e re
sum
ptio
n of
rape
seed
oil
sale
s fro
m s
tate
rese
rves
in m
id-O
ctob
er 2
016,
wee
kly
auct
ions
hav
e be
en h
eld.
As
of 2
3 N
ovem
ber,
a to
tal o
f 692
000
tonn
es h
ave
been
offe
red,
all
of w
hich
w
as b
ough
t by
trade
rs. T
he a
vera
ge a
uctio
n pr
ice
incr
ease
d gr
adua
lly, a
mou
ntin
g to
CN
Y 5
900
per
tonn
e in
mid
-Oct
ober
and
CN
Y 6
570
per t
onne
tow
ards
the
end
of N
ovem
ber (
resp
ectiv
ely,
USD
857
an
d U
SD 9
55).
98M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Chi
naDe
cem
ber
Rape
seed
oil
Sinc
e th
eir
resu
mpt
ion
in O
ctob
er 2
016,
auc
tions
of r
apes
eed
oil f
rom
sta
te re
serv
es to
ok p
lace
on
a w
eekl
y ba
sis
in C
hina
. As
of 1
1 Ja
nuar
y 20
17, a
tota
l of 1
.39
milli
on to
nnes
of r
apes
eed
oil h
ave
been
offe
red,
virt
ually
all
of w
hich
has
bee
n bo
ught
by
trade
rs. A
fter p
eaki
ng a
t CN
Y 7
172
per t
onne
(U
SD 1
034
) in
mid
-Dec
embe
r, av
erag
e au
ctio
n pr
ices
dec
reas
ed g
radu
ally
to C
NY
6 54
9 pe
r ton
ne
(USD
944
).
99M
ARKE
T PO
LIC
IES
– Pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t &
stoc
khol
ding
Indi
aM
ayPa
lm o
ilAs
par
t of i
ts e
fforts
to e
nhan
ce d
omes
tic o
ilcro
p pr
oduc
tion
and
redu
ce th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
veg
etab
le o
il im
ports
, In
dia’
s C
entra
l Gov
ernm
ent
deci
ded
to im
plem
ent
a m
arke
t in
terv
entio
n sy
stem
for p
alm
oil.
Und
er th
e ne
w s
chem
e, fr
esh
oil p
alm
frui
t bra
nche
s w
ill be
bou
ght f
rom
farm
ers
at IN
R 7
888
per t
onne
(USD
118
). Th
e m
ove
was
wel
com
ed b
y pa
lm o
il fa
rmer
s an
d pr
oces
sors
, who
su
ffere
d fro
m r
ecen
t pr
ice
drop
s. P
revi
ous
effor
ts t
o st
imul
ate
oil p
alm
cul
tivat
ion
faile
d to
pro
duce
th
e ho
ped-
for r
esul
ts. A
lthou
gh th
e go
vern
men
t ide
ntifi
ed s
ome
2 m
illion
hec
tare
s of
land
sui
tabl
e fo
r oi
l pal
m, c
ultiv
atio
n ha
s ex
pand
ed a
t a s
low
pac
e, w
ith c
urre
nt p
lant
ings
tota
lling
200
000
hect
ares
na
tionw
ide
(see
also
MPP
U J
uly/
Sep.
/Dec
.’15)
.
100
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indi
aM
ayC
opra
In A
pril 2
016,
the
publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent o
f cop
ra a
t the
ann
ounc
ed m
inim
um su
ppor
t pric
e of
INR
5 95
0 pe
r to
nne
(USD
89)
com
men
ced
in K
eral
a St
ate.
Pro
cure
men
t is
hand
led
by c
ocon
ut p
rodu
cer c
ompa
nies
de
sign
ated
by t
he st
ate
leve
l pro
cure
men
t age
ncie
s, w
hile
NAF
ED (t
he N
atio
nal A
gric
ultu
ral C
oope
rativ
e M
arke
ting
Fede
ratio
n) is
resp
onsi
ble
for s
tora
ge o
pera
tions
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 19
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
101
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indi
aJu
neC
opra
With
mar
ket p
rices
for c
opra
dro
ppin
g be
low
INR
50 0
00 (U
SD 7
44) p
er to
nne,
on
15th
Jun
e 20
16, t
he
Tam
il Nad
u st
ate
gove
rnm
ent c
omm
ence
d pr
ocur
ing
copr
a fro
m fa
rmer
s. T
he n
atio
n-w
ide
supp
ort p
rice
of IN
R 59
500
(USD
886
) and
INR
62 4
00 (U
SD 9
29) p
er to
nne
will
be a
pplie
d fo
r, re
spec
tivel
y, m
illing
gr
ade
and
edib
le q
ualit
y co
pra.
Pro
cure
men
t ope
ratio
ns w
ill la
st fo
r six
mon
ths
and
will
be h
andl
ed b
y co
conu
t pro
duce
r coo
pera
tives
des
igna
ted
by th
e st
ate
leve
l pro
cure
men
t age
ncie
s.
102
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indi
aO
ctob
erC
ocon
utIn
Indi
a, t
he s
tate
gov
ernm
ent
of K
arna
taka
has
set
up
proc
urem
ent
cent
res
for
coco
nut
to a
ssis
t fa
rmer
s fa
ced
with
sev
ere
pric
e do
wnf
alls
. Rep
orte
dly,
coco
nuts
will
be p
rocu
red
at IN
R 1
600
per
quin
tal (
USD
240
per
tonn
e) in
six
dis
trict
s ac
ross
the
stat
e.
103
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Gro
undn
utAc
know
ledg
ing
that
, in
Guj
arat
Sta
te,
this
yea
r’s b
umpe
r gr
ound
nut
crop
cau
sed
mar
ket
pric
es t
o fa
ll be
low
the
MSP
, Ind
ia’s
cent
ral g
over
nmen
t app
rove
d th
e pr
ocur
emen
t of u
nshe
lled
grou
ndnu
ts in
G
ujar
at a
t the
gua
rant
eed
pric
e of
INR
4 22
0 pe
r qui
ntal
(USD
626
per
tonn
e). T
he N
atio
nal A
gric
ultu
ral
Coo
pera
tive
Mar
ketin
g Fe
dera
tion
(NAF
ED) a
nd th
e Sm
all F
arm
ers’
Agr
ibus
ines
s C
onso
rtium
(SFA
C)
have
bee
n en
trust
ed w
ith th
e pr
ocur
emen
t ope
ratio
n. W
ith a
vie
w to
ass
ist a
ffect
ed fa
rmer
s fu
rther
, the
co
untry
’s ed
ible
oil
indu
stry
ass
ocia
tion
also
app
eale
d to
the
gove
rnm
ent t
o al
low
the
expo
rtatio
n of
gr
ound
nut o
il in
bul
k. C
urre
ntly,
gro
undn
ut o
il ex
ports
are
onl
y pe
rmitt
ed in
con
sum
er p
acks
of 5
kg,
at
a fix
ed m
inim
um p
rice
(see
MPP
U M
ar’1
5).
104
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Thai
land
M
arch
Palm
oil
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Tha
iland
ann
ounc
ed th
at it
will
buy
up to
100
000
tonn
es o
f pal
m o
il, s
houl
d pa
lm
fruit
pric
es d
rop
belo
w a
cer
tain
leve
l. Re
cent
ly, r
ecor
d-hi
gh p
alm
oil
inve
ntor
ies
have
driv
en d
own
prod
ucer
pric
es, t
hrea
teni
ng th
e in
com
es o
f gro
wer
s. P
ublic
pro
cure
men
t will
be tr
igge
red
whe
n th
e pr
oduc
er p
rice
of fr
esh
fruit
bunc
hes
drop
s be
low
TH
B 4.
20 p
er k
g (U
SD 1
20 p
er to
nne)
. Far
m-g
ate
pric
es a
re to
be
supp
orte
d in
dire
ctly
thro
ugh
gove
rnm
ent p
urch
ases
of c
rude
pal
m o
il fro
m e
xtra
ctio
n pl
ants
, at T
HB
26.2
0 pe
r kg
(USD
760
per
tonn
e).
105
MAR
KET
POLI
CIE
S –
Publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent &
st
ockh
oldi
ng
Uni
ted
Stat
esM
arch
Gro
undn
utIn
Mar
ch 2
016,
the
USD
A au
thor
ized
paym
ents
to g
roun
dnut
pro
duce
rs in
four
Sta
tes
to h
elp
them
re
cove
r nea
rly 1
00 p
erce
nt o
f the
val
ue o
f pro
duce
they
had
lost
follo
win
g th
e ba
nkru
ptcy
of a
gro
undn
ut
proc
esso
r and
lice
nsed
war
ehou
se o
pera
tor.
Und
er th
e U
S W
areh
ouse
Act
, USD
A is
resp
onsi
ble
for
prot
ectin
g al
l dep
osito
rs in
lice
nsed
sto
rage
fac
ilitie
s. T
he 1
00 y
ears
-old
Act
pro
vide
s ag
ricul
tura
l pr
oduc
ers
with
hig
h-qu
ality
sto
rage
of f
arm
pro
duct
s so
as
to a
llow
mar
ketin
g th
roug
hout
the
year
.
106
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Col
ombi
aM
ayVe
geta
ble
oils
Col
ombi
a’s
impo
rt du
ty o
n oi
ls/fa
ts a
nd d
eriv
ed p
rodu
cts
has
been
sus
pend
ed u
ntil 2
9 Au
gust
201
6, to
ad
dres
s re
cent
mar
ket s
horta
ges
aris
ing
from
a s
low
dow
n in
impo
rts. T
he s
low
dow
n ha
s be
en lin
ked
to
the
stro
ng d
epre
ciat
ion
of C
olom
bia’
s cu
rrenc
y ag
ains
t the
US
dolla
r, es
peci
ally
as
the
US
curre
ncy
has
beco
me
the
lega
l ten
der i
n Ec
uado
r, C
olom
bia’
s se
cond
larg
est s
uppl
ier o
f edi
ble
oil (
afte
r the
Uni
ted
Stat
es).
Desp
ite b
eing
Lat
in A
mer
ica’
s le
adin
g pa
lm o
il pro
duce
r, C
olom
bia
is a
net
impo
rter o
f oils
/fats
.
107
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Indi
aO
ctob
erPa
lm o
il,
edib
le o
ilsAs
par
t of e
fforts
to c
heck
food
pric
e in
flatio
n, th
e G
over
nmen
t of I
ndia
dec
ided
to lo
wer
the
impo
rt du
ties
on c
rude
pal
m o
il and
refin
ed e
dibl
e oi
ls b
y 5
perc
enta
ge p
oint
s to
, res
pect
ivel
y, 7.
5 pe
rcen
t and
15
per
cent
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
low
er d
utie
s w
ill re
mai
n in
pla
ce u
ntil e
nd F
ebru
ary
2017
. Mar
ket o
bser
vers
po
inte
d ou
t tha
t the
tem
pora
ry re
duct
ion
in d
utie
s co
uld
harm
the
com
mer
cial
izatio
n of
the
coun
try’s
bum
per 2
016/
17 o
ilcro
p ha
rves
t.
108
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
nJa
nuar
ySo
ybea
nRu
ssia
’s Fe
dera
l Ser
vice
for V
eter
inar
y an
d Ph
ytos
anita
ry S
urve
illanc
e re
porte
d pe
st c
onta
min
atio
n in
a
num
ber o
f soy
bean
shi
pmen
ts re
ceiv
ed fr
om th
e U
nite
d St
ates
. The
age
ncy
is h
oldi
ng c
onsu
ltatio
ns
with
the
conc
erne
d su
pplie
rs a
nd c
ould
con
side
r im
posi
ng te
mpo
rary
impo
rt re
stric
tions
. Dur
ing
2014
-15
, tot
al U
S so
ybea
n sh
ipm
ents
to th
e Ru
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
have
clim
bed
to a
reco
rd 2
milli
on to
nnes
.
20 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
109
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Sri L
anka
Ju
lyVe
geta
ble
oils
In M
ay 1
016,
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Sri
Lank
a ra
ised
the
impo
rt le
vy fo
r veg
etab
le o
ils b
y LK
R 20
/kg.
The
ne
w le
vies
for
crud
e oi
ls a
nd re
fined
oils
are
, res
pect
ivel
y, LK
R 13
0/kg
(USD
0.8
9) a
nd L
KR 1
50/k
g (U
SD 1
.03)
.
110
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Sri L
anka
O
ctob
erVe
geta
ble
oils
The
spec
ial c
omm
odity
levy
cha
rged
on
impo
rted
vege
tabl
e oi
ls to
pro
tect
dom
estic
oils
eed
prod
ucer
s an
d oi
l pro
cess
ors
has
been
rais
ed b
y LK
R 20
/kg
in J
une
2016
(see
also
MPP
U A
ug.’1
6). T
he n
ew le
vies
fo
r cru
de a
nd re
fined
oil
are,
resp
ectiv
ely,
LKR
150/
kg (U
SD 1
.02)
and
LKR
170
/kg
(USD
1.1
5).
111
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Turk
eySe
ptem
ber
Saffl
ower
se
ed,
sunfl
ower
oil
In S
epte
mbe
r 201
6, T
urke
y ra
ised
its
impo
rt du
ties
on s
afflow
er s
eed
and
sunfl
ower
oil t
o pr
even
t low
er
impo
rt pr
ices
from
hur
ting
dom
estic
pro
duce
rs a
nd c
rush
ers.
The
tariff
rate
s fo
r saffl
ower
seed
, cru
de
sunfl
ower
oil
and
refin
ed s
unflo
wer
oil
have
bee
n se
t at
, res
pect
ivel
y, 23
.4 p
erce
nt, 3
6 pe
rcen
t an
d 67
.5 p
erce
nt –
com
pare
d to
, pre
viou
sly,
4 pe
rcen
t, 12
per
cent
and
50
perc
ent.
112
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Vene
zuel
a (B
oliv
aria
n Re
publ
ic o
f)
Oct
ober
Sele
cted
oi
lcro
psTh
e G
over
nmen
t of t
he B
oliv
aria
n G
over
nmen
t of V
enez
uela
dec
ided
to s
uspe
nd fo
r one
yea
r – s
tarti
ng
on 2
7 O
ctob
er 2
016
– th
e im
port
tariff
s an
d va
lue
adde
d ta
xes
for a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
char
acte
rized
by
dom
estic
sup
ply
defic
its. S
oybe
ans,
soy
bean
oil,
soy
mea
l, gr
ound
nuts
, cru
de p
alm
oil a
nd b
utte
r are
in
clud
ed in
the
list o
f exe
mpt
ed p
rodu
cts.
113
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Viet
Nam
Janu
ary
Gro
undn
utVi
et N
am li
fted
its te
mpo
rary
ban
on
grou
ndnu
t im
ports
from
Indi
a. T
he b
an w
as im
pose
d in
Apr
il 20
15
follo
win
g th
e de
tect
ion
of q
uara
ntin
e pe
sts
in In
dian
car
goes
. The
ban
was
lifte
d ba
sed
on e
vide
nce
that
Indi
a ha
s up
grad
ed it
s gr
ound
nut f
umig
atio
n fa
cilit
ies,
exp
ort p
roce
dure
s an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
.
114
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
s &
levie
s
Viet
Nam
May
Vege
tabl
e oi
lsVi
et N
am’s
impo
rt ta
x on
veg
etab
le o
il tra
nsac
tions
– in
trodu
ced
as a
tem
pora
ry s
afeg
uard
mea
sure
in
201
3 (s
ee M
PPU
Sep
.’13)
– w
as lo
wer
ed t
o 2
perc
ent
in M
ay 2
016
and
is p
oise
d to
be
phas
ed
out i
n M
ay 2
017.
Alth
ough
the
tax
was
intro
duce
d to
pro
tect
loca
l pro
duce
rs, t
he m
arke
t sha
res
of
impo
rted
prod
ucts
are
repo
rted
to h
ave
incr
ease
d fu
rther
in th
e la
st fe
w y
ears
, sug
gest
ing
cont
inue
d lo
w c
ompe
titiv
enes
s of
loca
l pro
duct
ion.
115
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Arge
ntin
aJa
nuar
ySo
ybea
nDu
ring
the
seco
nd h
alf o
f Dec
embe
r 201
5, A
rgen
tina’
s inc
omin
g go
vern
men
t fol
low
ed u
p on
its p
ledg
e to
lib
eral
ize tr
ade
in a
gric
ultu
ral c
omm
oditi
es (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’15)
. With
rega
rd to
impo
rts, t
he g
over
nmen
t si
mpl
ified
the
pro
cedu
re f
or s
oybe
ans
impo
rted
(not
ably
fro
m P
arag
uay
and
Braz
il) fo
r su
bseq
uent
ex
porta
tion
in th
e fo
rm o
f oil
and
mea
l, a
mea
sure
mea
nt to
faci
litat
e do
mes
tic c
rush
ing
whe
n lo
cal
proc
esso
rs w
ork
belo
w c
apac
ity, i
.e. t
he w
eeks
pre
cedi
ng d
omes
tic h
arve
stin
g.
116
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
naM
ayVe
geta
ble
oils
Chi
na’s
food
sta
ndar
ds a
genc
y pr
opos
ed t
hat
impo
rters
of
certa
in p
rodu
cts
be r
equi
red
to r
evie
w
rele
vant
doc
umen
ts a
nd c
ondu
ct o
n-si
te in
spec
tions
of f
orei
gn e
stab
lishm
ents
from
whi
ch th
ey in
tend
to
sou
rce
prod
ucts
. The
dra
ft m
easu
re is
mea
nt to
ens
ure
that
Chi
na-b
ound
food
s co
mpl
y fu
lly w
ith th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f nat
iona
l law
s an
d re
gula
tions
. The
list
of p
rodu
cts
for w
hich
on-
site
revi
ew o
f for
eign
su
pplie
rs w
ould
be
man
dato
ry, i
nclu
des
bulk
veg
etab
le o
il.
117
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
na/C
anad
aFe
brua
ryRa
pese
edIn
Feb
ruar
y, C
hine
se q
uara
ntin
e au
thor
ities
info
rmed
thei
r Can
adia
n co
unte
rpar
ts th
at, a
s of
Apr
il 201
6,
no m
ore
than
one
per
cent
of f
orei
gn m
ater
ial w
ould
be
allo
wed
in C
anad
ian
rape
seed
shi
pmen
ts (a
s op
pose
d to
the
2.0
–2.5
per
cent
ran
ge p
erm
itted
to
date
). G
over
nmen
t ex
perts
from
bot
h co
untri
es
wor
ked
toge
ther
sin
ce 2
009
to a
ddre
ss C
hina
’s co
ncer
n th
at th
e bl
ackl
eg fu
ngal
dis
ease
cou
ld s
prea
d w
ithin
its
terri
tory
via
the
impo
rtatio
n of
infe
cted
rape
seed
from
Can
ada
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’0
9, J
uly’
10 &
Se
p.’1
4). C
hina
’s re
cent
ann
ounc
emen
t fol
low
s sc
ient
ific
disa
gree
men
t ove
r the
risk
of t
rans
mitt
ing
the
dise
ase
thro
ugh
fore
ign
mat
eria
l in
rape
seed
car
goes
. Can
adia
n in
dust
ry o
ffici
als
war
ned
that
Chi
na’s
stric
ter
stan
dard
wou
ld b
e di
fficu
lt to
mee
t and
mak
e cl
eani
ng o
pera
tions
mor
e ex
pens
ive,
pos
sibl
y di
scou
ragi
ng e
xpor
ts. I
n 20
15, C
hina
was
the
top
buye
r of C
anad
ian
rape
seed
, im
porti
ng 4
.1 m
illion
to
nnes
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 21
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
118
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
na/C
anad
aM
arch
Rape
seed
Chi
na a
gree
d to
del
ay th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of it
s st
ringe
nt s
tand
ard
on ra
pese
ed im
ports
from
Can
ada
from
Apr
il to
Sept
embe
r of t
his
year
(see
also
MPP
U M
ar.’1
6). T
he n
ew s
tand
ard,
whi
ch w
as d
evis
ed to
re
duce
the
risk
of b
lack
leg
dise
ase
spre
adin
g to
Chi
na, l
imits
the
allo
wed
con
tent
of f
orei
gn m
ater
ial i
n sh
ipm
ents
to 1
per
cent
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to a
cur
rent
ly a
pplie
d lim
it of
2.5
per
cent
. Can
ada’
s ra
pese
ed
indu
stry
mai
ntai
ns th
at th
e st
ricte
r req
uire
men
t is
not s
cien
tifica
lly ju
stifi
ed a
nd h
opes
that
the
5-m
onth
de
lay
for i
ts in
trodu
ctio
n w
ill al
low
bot
h si
des
to c
ome
to a
long
-term
agr
eem
ent.
119
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
na/C
anad
aAu
gust
Rape
seed
Chi
na a
gree
d to
furth
er d
elay
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
stri
ngen
t rul
es o
n ra
pese
ed im
ports
from
Can
ada
(see
MPP
U M
ar./A
pr.’1
6). M
eant
to re
duce
the
risk
of b
lack
leg
dise
ase
spre
adin
g to
Chi
na, t
he n
ew
stan
dard
– w
hich
wou
ld ra
ise
cost
s for
Can
adia
n ex
porte
rs –
was
due
to c
ome
into
forc
e on
1 S
epte
mbe
r 20
16. R
epor
tedl
y, eff
orts
to a
chie
ve a
long
-term
agr
eem
ent (
acce
ptab
le to
bot
h si
des)
on
the
term
s of
C
anad
a’s
rape
seed
shi
pmen
ts w
ill be
ste
pped
up.
In C
anad
a, in
dust
ry e
xper
ts s
aid
that
, in
view
of t
he
rem
aini
ng u
ncer
tain
ties,
exp
orte
rs c
ould
del
ay th
eir s
hipm
ents
to C
hina
unt
il an
acc
ord
is re
ache
d. O
n th
e ot
her h
and,
priv
ate
sour
ces
repo
rted
that
som
e fir
ms
alre
ady
mad
e sm
all s
ales
to C
hina
con
form
ing
to th
e st
ricte
r ter
ms.
120
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
na/C
anad
aO
ctob
erRa
pese
edG
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s fro
m C
anad
a an
d C
hina
sig
ned
a M
oU t
o fa
cilit
ate
smoo
th i
mpo
rtatio
n of
C
anad
ian
rape
seed
into
Chi
na, t
hus
endi
ng y
ears
-long
neg
otia
tions
ove
r ph
ytos
anita
ry m
easu
res
to
prev
ent t
he s
prea
ding
of b
lack
leg
dise
ase
from
Can
ada
into
Chi
na (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
’09
& Se
p’16
). By
al
low
ing
rape
seed
exp
orts
to c
ontin
ue u
nder
the
exis
ting
cond
ition
s, th
e ag
reem
ent p
rovi
des
for s
tabl
e an
d pr
edic
tabl
e tra
de fl
ows.
At t
he s
ame
time,
bot
h co
untri
es c
omm
itted
to c
ontin
ue th
eir c
olla
bora
tive
scie
ntifi
c w
ork
on a
ppro
pria
te ri
sk m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s.
121
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Indo
nesi
aJa
nuar
ySo
ybea
nTh
e G
over
nmen
t of I
ndon
esia
aut
horiz
ed s
oybe
an im
ports
by
BULO
G, t
he s
tate
-run
Nat
iona
l Log
istic
s Ag
ency
, dur
ing
2016
. BU
LOG
will
be in
cha
rge
of s
ellin
g so
ybea
ns o
n th
e do
mes
tic m
arke
t to
stab
ilize
loca
l soy
food
pric
es. V
olum
es to
be
impo
rted
have
not
bee
n sp
ecifi
ed. A
ll im
ports
hav
e to
be
asso
ciat
ed
with
an
equa
l am
ount
of p
urch
ases
of l
ocal
ly g
row
n so
ybea
ns. S
imila
r pol
icie
s ha
ve b
een
impl
emen
ted
in p
ast y
ears
, with
a v
iew
to s
timul
ate
loca
l pro
duct
ion
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
3 &
Feb.
’14)
.
122
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n/C
hina
Janu
ary
Gra
ins,
oi
lsee
dsTh
e tw
o co
untri
es s
igne
d ph
ytos
anita
ry p
roto
cols
that
will
allo
w th
e ex
porta
tion
of s
oybe
an, r
apes
eed,
w
heat
, mai
ze a
nd ri
ce g
row
n in
sel
ecte
d pr
ovin
ces
in F
area
st R
ussi
a to
Chi
na.
123
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
nFe
brua
rySo
ybea
nIn
Feb
ruar
y, th
e Ru
ssia
n Ve
terin
ary
and
Phyt
osan
itary
Sur
veilla
nce
Serv
ice
impo
sed
tem
pora
ry
rest
rictio
ns o
n im
ports
of s
oybe
an a
nd m
aize
orig
inat
ing
from
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, c
iting
vio
latio
ns o
f ph
ytos
anita
ry re
quire
men
ts. A
s Ru
ssia
n so
ybea
n im
ports
from
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es ty
pica
lly o
ccur
from
O
ctob
er to
Feb
ruar
y, lim
ited
imm
edia
te re
perc
ussi
ons
on tr
ade
are
expe
cted
. Unt
ouch
ed b
y Ru
ssia
’s fo
od im
port
emba
rgoe
s of
201
4 (fo
llow
ing
the
Ukr
aini
an c
risis
), in
201
5, s
oybe
ans
beca
me
the
num
ber
one
US
agric
ultu
ral e
xpor
t to
Russ
ia. T
he U
nite
d St
ates
is c
urre
ntly
the
third
mos
t im
porta
nt s
uppl
ier o
f th
e Ru
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion,
afte
r Par
agua
y an
d Br
azil.
22 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
124
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Sri L
anka
Ju
lyC
ocon
ut o
ilBl
amin
g po
or a
dher
ence
to in
tern
atio
nal q
ualit
y st
anda
rds
for t
he re
cent
dro
p in
the
coun
try’s
coco
nut
oil e
xpor
ts, t
he G
over
nmen
t of S
ri La
nka
wor
ked
on m
easu
res
to e
nsur
e th
at, f
rom
201
7, o
nly
coco
nut
oil p
rodu
cts
mee
ting
inte
rnat
iona
l sta
ndar
ds a
re e
xpor
ted.
Rec
urre
nt p
robl
ems
affec
ting
coco
nut o
il sh
ipm
ents
are
sai
d to
incl
ude
fung
us c
onta
min
atio
n an
d hi
gh re
sidu
e le
vels
of p
last
icid
es a
nd p
olyc
yclic
ar
omat
ic h
ydro
carb
ons.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
gove
rnm
ent i
s re
ady
to e
nfor
ce a
new
nat
iona
l sta
ndar
d on
fo
od s
afet
y m
anag
emen
t, an
d pr
oduc
ers
are
requ
ired
to o
btai
n ce
rtific
atio
n pr
ior t
o ex
porta
tion.
125
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aJa
nuar
yG
rain
s,
oils
eeds
Durin
g th
e se
cond
hal
f of D
ecem
ber 2
015,
Arg
entin
a’s
inco
min
g go
vern
men
t fol
low
ed u
p on
its
pled
ge
to li
bera
lize
trade
in a
gric
ultu
ral c
omm
oditi
es (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’15)
. With
resp
ect t
o oi
lsee
ds, t
he e
xpor
t ta
x on
soy
bean
s an
d so
ybea
n pr
oduc
ts w
as im
med
iate
ly lo
wer
ed b
y 5
perc
enta
ge p
oint
s, w
ith fu
rther
re
duct
ions
to
be e
ffect
ed in
the
com
ing
year
s un
til it
s co
mpl
ete
elim
inat
ion.
In 2
016,
soy
bean
and
so
yoil/
mea
l exp
orts
are
taxe
d, re
spec
tivel
y, 30
and
27
perc
ent.
By c
ontra
st, t
he ta
x on
sun
flow
er s
eed/
oil/m
eal (
35 p
erce
nt),
grou
ndnu
ts (5
– 2
3.5
perc
ent)
and
grou
ndnu
t oil
(5 p
erce
nt) h
as b
een
elim
inat
ed
in a
sin
gle
go –
as
for
whe
at, m
aize
and
bee
f. Fu
rther
mor
e, th
e ex
port
quot
as fo
r w
heat
and
mai
ze
have
bee
n re
mov
ed a
nd th
e ex
port
perm
it sy
stem
for g
rain
s an
d oi
lsee
ds re
plac
ed w
ith a
mec
hani
sm
track
ing
expo
rts. F
urth
er m
easu
res
take
n by
the
gove
rnm
ent i
nclu
de a
lifti
ng o
f all
curre
ncy
cont
rols
, w
hich
, by
caus
ing
an a
lmos
t 45
deva
luat
ion
of th
e Ar
gent
ine
peso
, enh
ance
d th
e co
mpe
titiv
enes
s of
Ar
gent
ina’
s co
mm
oditi
es in
wor
ld m
arke
ts a
nd im
prov
ed fa
rmer
retu
rns.
Mar
ket o
bser
vers
exp
ect g
rain
an
d oi
lsee
d ex
ports
to e
xpan
d sh
arpl
y in
the
com
ing
mon
ths,
as
prod
ucer
s go
ahe
ad w
ith s
ales
that
w
ere
held
up
in a
ntic
ipat
ion
of p
ossi
ble
polic
y ch
ange
s or
as
a m
eans
of h
edgi
ng a
gain
st in
flatio
n.
Furth
erm
ore,
in th
e 20
16/1
7 se
ason
, far
mer
s ar
e lik
ely
to e
xpan
d pl
antin
gs o
f whe
at a
nd m
aize
(the
two
prod
ucts
ben
efitin
g m
ost f
rom
the
refo
rms)
, pos
sibl
y at
the
expe
nse
of s
oybe
ans.
126
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aFe
brua
ryBi
odie
sel
In F
ebru
ary
2016
, Arg
entin
a’s
expo
rt du
ty o
n so
yoil-
base
d bi
odie
sel w
as ra
ised
from
1.6
2 pe
rcen
t – th
e lo
wes
t rat
e si
nce
the
intro
duct
ion
of th
e va
riabl
e ta
x re
gim
e in
201
2 –
to 3
.89
perc
ent.
127
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aM
arch
Biod
iese
lIn
Mar
ch 2
016,
Arg
entin
a’s
expo
rt du
ty o
n bi
odie
sel w
as ra
ised
to 6
.4 p
erce
nt. T
his
follo
ws
an in
crea
se
in F
ebru
ary
to 3
.89
perc
ent f
rom
a h
isto
rical
low
of 1
.62
perc
ent i
n Ja
nuar
y. Th
e m
anda
tory
bio
dies
el
blen
ding
rate
for t
rans
port
dies
el re
mai
ns u
ncha
nged
at 1
0 pe
rcen
t, th
e le
vel i
n pl
ace
sinc
e Ja
nuar
y 20
14.
128
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aAu
gust
Soyb
ean
Acco
rdin
g to
loca
l pre
ss re
ports
, gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als
stat
ed th
at th
e gr
adua
l red
uctio
n (a
nd e
vent
ual
rem
oval
) of A
rgen
tina’
s ex
port
tax
on s
oybe
ans
– a
pled
ge m
ade
by th
e in
com
ing
adm
inis
tratio
n at
the
end
of la
st y
ear (
see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
5 &
Feb.
’16)
– c
ould
take
long
er th
an o
rigin
ally
env
isag
ed, l
inki
ng
the
anno
unce
men
t to
the
cou
ntry
’s on
goin
g ec
onom
ic r
eces
sion
. Afte
r a
first
red
uctio
n (fr
om 3
5 to
30
per
cent
) in
Dece
mbe
r 201
5, fa
rmer
s w
ere
expe
ctin
g th
e le
vy to
be
low
ered
by
anot
her 5
per
cent
age
poin
ts e
arly
nex
t yea
r, i.e
. bef
ore
the
star
t of t
he 2
016/
17 s
oybe
an m
arke
ting
cam
paig
n.
129
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aAu
gust
Biod
iese
lIn
May
, Jun
e, Ju
ly a
nd A
ugus
t of t
his y
ear, A
rgen
tine
expo
rts o
f bio
dies
el h
ave
been
taxe
d at
, res
pect
ivel
y, 3.
96 p
erce
nt, 5
.04
perc
ent,
7.15
per
cent
and
4.9
9 pe
rcen
t. Th
e ci
rcum
stan
ce th
at, s
ince
mid
-201
5, th
e go
vern
men
t mod
ified
the
tax
on a
mon
thly
bas
is h
as p
rom
pted
the
loca
l bio
dies
el in
dust
ry to
cal
l for
le
ss fr
eque
nt c
hang
es s
o as
not
to d
isru
pt it
s bu
sine
ss.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 23
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
130
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aO
ctob
erSo
ybea
nTh
e Ar
gent
ine
Gov
ernm
ent d
ecid
ed to
pos
tpon
e a
plan
ned
redu
ctio
n of
soy
bean
exp
ort t
axes
to 2
018.
O
rigin
ally,
the
cut h
ad b
een
sche
dule
d fo
r end
201
6 or
ear
ly 2
017
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
5 &
Feb.
’16)
. Now
, th
e ex
port
tax
will
be re
duce
d –
star
ting
in J
anua
ry 2
018
– by
0.5
per
cent
age
poin
ts e
ach
mon
th u
ntil
Dece
mbe
r 201
9. A
ccor
ding
ly, b
y en
d 20
19, s
oybe
an e
xpor
ts w
ill be
taxe
d at
18
perc
ent –
com
pare
d to
th
e cu
rrent
rate
of 3
0 pe
rcen
t. In
the
mea
ntim
e, h
owev
er, s
oybe
an p
rodu
cers
in th
e co
untry
’s is
olat
ed,
north
ern
regi
on w
ill en
joy
a ta
x be
nefit
– a
s a
com
pens
atio
n fo
r hig
her t
rans
porta
tion
cost
s. F
rom
Mar
ch
2017
onw
ard,
soy
gro
wer
s in
the
coun
try’s
10 n
orth
ern
prov
ince
s (w
hich
lie
outs
ide
the
coun
try’s
mai
n so
ybea
n be
lt) w
ill be
pro
vide
d w
ith a
n ex
port
tax
refu
nd e
quiv
alen
t to
5 pe
rcen
t of t
he fr
ee-o
n-bo
ard
soyb
ean
pric
e.
131
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aDe
cem
ber
Soyb
ean
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Arg
entin
a co
nfirm
ed th
at, d
urin
g 20
17, t
he c
ount
ry’s
expo
rt ta
x on
soy
bean
s w
ill re
mai
n un
chan
ged
at 3
0 pe
rcen
t, w
here
as b
etw
een
Janu
ary
2018
and
Dec
embe
r 201
9 it
will
be re
duce
d by
0.5
per
cent
age
poin
ts e
ach
mon
th u
ntil
it re
ache
s 18
per
cent
(see
also
MPP
U N
ov’1
6). T
he s
ame
half-
poin
t-per
-mon
th re
duct
ion
will
appl
y to
the
coun
try’s
expo
rt du
ties
on s
oym
eal a
nd s
oyoi
l, w
hich
cu
rrent
ly s
tand
at 2
7 pe
rcen
t.
132
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aFe
brua
ryPa
lmke
rnel
sh
ell
In a
n eff
ort
to e
ase
the
finan
cial
situ
atio
n of
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ers
faci
ng lo
w w
orld
pric
es, I
ndon
esia
te
mpo
raril
y lo
wer
ed th
e ex
port
levy
on
palm
kern
el s
hell,
a s
olid
by-
prod
uct o
f the
pal
m o
il ex
tract
ion
proc
ess u
sed
as fe
edst
ock
in p
ower
gen
erat
ion.
Unt
il the
end
of 2
016,
a re
duce
d le
vy o
f USD
3 p
er to
nne
will
be c
olle
cted
. How
ever
, to
enco
urag
e in
vest
men
ts in
bio
mas
s-fir
ed p
ower
pla
nts,
the
levy
sha
ll be
ra
ised
aga
in in
201
7, in
itial
ly to
USD
5 p
er to
nne
and
then
bac
k to
its
orig
inal
leve
l of U
SD 1
0 pe
r ton
ne.
133
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
Janu
ary
Palm
oil
With
pal
m o
il re
fere
nce
pric
es r
emai
ning
bel
ow t
he t
rigge
r le
vel o
f USD
750
per
ton
ne, I
ndon
esia
’s ex
port
tax
for c
rude
pal
m o
il w
ill be
kep
t at z
ero
in F
ebru
ary
2016
. The
exp
ort t
ax h
as b
een
susp
ende
d si
nce
Oct
ober
201
4. In
Mal
aysi
a, in
Feb
ruar
y 20
16, t
he ta
x on
pal
m o
il ex
ports
will
rem
ain
at z
ero
as
the
prod
uct’s
refe
renc
e pr
ice
has
rem
aine
d be
low
the
MYR
2 2
50 (U
SD 5
42) p
er to
nne
thre
shol
d th
at
trigg
ers
taxa
tion.
The
exp
ort t
ax h
as b
een
susp
ende
d si
nce
May
201
5.
134
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
Febr
uary
Palm
oil
With
pal
m o
il re
fere
nce
pric
es r
emai
ning
bel
ow t
he t
rigge
r le
vel o
f USD
750
per
ton
ne, I
ndon
esia
’s ex
port
tax
for c
rude
pal
m o
il was
kep
t at z
ero
in M
arch
201
6. T
he e
xpor
t tax
has
bee
n su
spen
ded
sinc
e O
ctob
er 2
014.
In M
alay
sia,
in M
arch
201
6, th
e pa
lm o
il ex
port
tax
was
kep
t at z
ero,
as
the
prod
uct’s
ca
lcul
ated
refe
renc
e pr
ice
rem
aine
d be
low
the
MYR
2 2
50 (U
SD 5
53) p
er to
nne
thre
shol
d th
at tr
igge
rs
taxa
tion.
135
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
Mar
chPa
lm o
il W
ith p
alm
oil
refe
renc
e pr
ices
bel
ow th
e tri
gger
leve
l of U
SD 7
50 p
er to
nne,
Indo
nesi
a’s
expo
rt ta
x fo
r cr
ude
palm
oil
has
been
kep
t at z
ero
in A
pril
2016
. The
exp
ort t
ax h
as b
een
nil s
ince
Oct
ober
201
4.
Mal
aysi
a ha
s ra
ised
its
crud
e pa
lm o
il exp
ort t
ax fo
r Apr
il to
5 pe
rcen
t, pu
tting
an
end
to a
zer
o-ta
x sp
ell
that
com
men
ced
in M
ay 2
015.
The
rein
trodu
ctio
n of
the
tax
follo
ws
the
rece
nt re
cove
ry in
inte
rnat
iona
l pa
lm o
il pr
ices
. At M
YR 2
500
(USD
645
) per
tonn
e, th
e ca
lcul
ated
refe
renc
e pr
ice
has
exce
eded
the
trigg
er le
vel o
f MYR
2 2
50 (U
SD 5
80).
Und
er th
e sl
idin
g re
gim
e in
trodu
ced
in J
anua
ry 2
013,
the
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil
star
ts a
t 4.5
per
cent
and
can
incr
ease
up
to a
max
imum
of 8
.5 p
erce
nt. A
lthou
gh
the
rein
trodu
ctio
n of
the
tax
mig
ht d
ampe
n M
alay
sia’
s pa
lm o
il ex
ports
, the
resu
lting
rise
in d
omes
tic
avai
labi
litie
s co
uld
mak
e lo
cal p
alm
oil
refin
ing
mor
e pr
ofita
ble,
eve
ntua
lly b
oost
ing
expo
rts o
f refi
ned
palm
oils
(whi
ch a
re n
ot s
ubje
ct to
taxa
tion)
.
24 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
136
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
May
Palm
oil
In M
ay 2
016,
Indo
nesi
a re
inst
ated
its
expo
rt ta
x on
pal
m o
il, w
hich
had
bee
n su
spen
ded
sinc
e O
ctob
er
2014
. Th
e re
intro
duct
ion
of t
he t
ax w
as t
rigge
red
by t
he r
ecen
t re
boun
d in
inte
rnat
iona
l pal
m o
il pr
ices
, as
Indo
nesi
a’s
esca
latin
g ta
x ki
cks
in w
hen
the
calc
ulat
ed re
fere
nce
pric
e of
pal
m o
il ex
ceed
s U
SD 7
50 p
er to
nne.
With
the
May
201
6 in
tern
atio
nal b
ench
mar
k pr
ice
repo
rted
at U
SD 7
54, a
n ex
port
tax
of U
SD 3
per
tonn
e be
cam
e du
e. F
or J
une
2016
, bas
ed o
n an
onl
y sl
ight
ly h
ighe
r ben
chm
ark
of
USD
752
, the
tax
will
rem
ain
unch
ange
d at
USD
3 p
er to
nne.
In th
e w
ake
of th
e co
ntin
ued
appr
ecia
tion
of in
tern
atio
nal p
alm
oil p
rices
, Mal
aysi
a w
ill ris
e its
slid
ing
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil t
o 5.
5 pe
rcen
t in
June
201
6. T
he ta
x ha
d be
en re
inst
ated
at 5
per
cent
in M
ay 2
016,
afte
r a 1
2-m
onth
sus
pens
ion
perio
d.
137
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
June
Palm
oil
Indo
nesi
a an
d M
alay
sia
deci
ded
to s
et th
eir t
ax fo
r cru
de p
alm
oil e
xpor
ts a
t, re
spec
tivel
y, ze
ro U
SD p
er
tonn
e an
d 6
perc
ent p
er to
nne
durin
g Ju
ly 2
016.
In th
e pr
eced
ing
mon
th, t
he c
orre
spon
ding
rate
s w
ere
USD
3 p
er to
nne
in In
done
sia
and
5.5
perc
ent p
er to
nne
in M
alay
sia.
Inte
rest
ingl
y, w
hile
Indo
nesi
an
offici
als
expe
cted
the
benc
hmar
k pr
ice
for p
alm
oil
to fa
ll in
Jul
y (th
us tr
igge
ring
the
susp
ensi
on o
f the
co
untry
’s ex
port
tax)
, Mal
aysi
an a
utho
ritie
s an
ticip
ated
refe
renc
e pr
ices
to ri
se (p
rom
ptin
g an
upw
ard
adju
stm
ent i
n th
e ta
x).
138
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
July
Palm
oil
In A
ugus
t 201
6, In
done
sia’
s ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil s
hipm
ents
will
rem
ain
at z
ero,
whi
le M
alay
sia’
s ta
x w
ill dr
op to
5 p
erce
nt (f
rom
6 p
erce
nt a
pplie
d in
Jul
y 20
16),
base
d on
a fa
ll in
the
calc
ulat
ed re
fere
nce
pric
e.
139
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
Augu
stPa
lm o
il In
Sep
tem
ber 2
016,
Indo
nesi
a’s
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il sh
ipm
ents
will
rem
ain
at z
ero,
as
the
refe
renc
e pr
ice
has
rem
aine
d be
low
the
thre
shol
d le
vel o
f USD
750
per
tonn
e. M
alay
sia’
s pa
lm o
il ex
port
tax
will
rem
ain
unch
ange
d at
5 p
erce
nt (d
espi
te a
slig
ht d
rop
in th
e ca
lcul
ated
refe
renc
e pr
ice)
.
140
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
Oct
ober
Palm
oil
Indo
nesi
a ra
ised
its
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il ex
ports
for O
ctob
er to
USD
3 p
er to
nne
(com
pare
d to
the
zero
USD
rate
in p
lace
sin
ce J
uly
2016
), bu
t low
ered
it a
gain
to z
ero
USD
for N
ovem
ber,
in li
ne w
ith
mov
emen
ts in
the
calc
ulat
ed re
fere
nce
pric
e. In
Mal
aysi
a, th
e ex
port
tax
was
rais
ed fr
om 5
per
cent
to
6.5
perc
ent f
or O
ctob
er, b
ut w
as le
ft un
chan
ged
for N
ovem
ber –
des
pite
a s
mal
l dro
p in
the
rele
vant
be
nchm
ark
pric
e. R
elat
ed to
this
mat
ter,
last
Sep
tem
ber,
Mal
aysi
an g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s pr
opos
ed to
ha
rmon
ize th
e tw
o co
untri
es’ e
xpor
t tax
es, i
n a
bid
to re
duce
com
petit
ion
betw
een
the
wor
ld’s
two
lead
ing
supp
liers
for g
loba
l mar
ket s
hare
.
141
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
Nov
embe
rPa
lm o
il In
Indo
nesi
a, th
e ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il (C
PO) r
emai
ns a
t zer
o U
SD in
Dec
embe
r 201
6, g
iven
that
th
e C
PO re
fere
nce
pric
e re
mai
ned
belo
w th
e U
SD 7
50 p
er to
nne
thre
shol
d le
vel,
abov
e w
hich
dut
ies
are
char
ged.
Mal
aysi
a ha
s lo
wer
ed it
s ex
port
tax
for D
ecem
ber t
o 6
perc
ent (
from
6.5
per
cent
in p
lace
in
Nov
embe
r), re
flect
ing
a dr
op in
the
rele
vant
ben
chm
ark
pric
e.
142
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
a/M
alay
sia
Dece
mbe
rPa
lm o
il In
Jan
uary
201
7, In
done
sia
will
re-in
trodu
ce a
USD
3 p
er to
nne
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil s
hipm
ents
, gi
ven
that
the
gove
rnm
ent’s
ben
chm
ark p
rice
for p
alm
oil h
as e
xcee
ded
the
USD
750
per
tonn
e th
resh
old
that
trig
gers
the
slid
ing
expo
rt ta
x. T
he c
ount
ry’s
tax
had
been
set
at z
ero
in th
e tw
o pr
eced
ing
mon
ths.
M
alay
sia
rais
ed it
s ex
port
duty
for J
anua
ry to
7 p
erce
nt (c
ompa
red
to 6
per
cent
in D
ecem
ber),
in li
ne
with
the
incr
ease
reco
rded
in th
e re
leva
nt re
fere
nce
pric
e. T
he 7
per
cent
dut
y re
pres
ents
the
high
est r
ate
sinc
e th
e ta
x sy
stem
s’ re
visi
on in
Jan
uary
201
3. U
nder
Mal
aysi
a’s
mul
ti-tie
r tax
regi
me
the
duty
may
ra
nge
from
zer
o to
8.5
per
cent
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 25
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
143
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Mya
nmar
Augu
stEd
ible
oils
Acco
rdin
g to
loca
l pre
ss re
ports
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Mya
nmar
dec
ided
to re
lax
expo
rt re
stric
tions
on
a nu
mbe
r of a
gri-b
ased
pro
duct
s, in
clud
ing
sesa
me
oil,
mus
tard
see
d/oi
l, su
nflow
er s
eed/
oil,
and
by-
prod
ucts
of e
dibl
e oi
l ext
ract
ion.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
mea
sure
was
take
n to
allo
w th
e do
mes
tic in
dust
ry to
ta
p ne
w e
xpor
t opp
ortu
nitie
s. M
eanw
hile
, the
gov
ernm
ent i
s sa
id to
be
wor
king
on
way
s to
ens
ure
that
do
mes
tic d
eman
d fo
r veg
etab
le o
il co
ntin
ues
to b
e m
et.
144
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
nAu
gust
Sunfl
ower
se
edTh
e G
over
nmen
t of t
he R
ussi
an F
eder
atio
n ha
s lo
wer
ed th
e co
untry
’s du
ty o
n su
nflow
erse
ed e
xpor
ts
outs
ide
the
Eura
sian
Eco
nom
ic U
nion
to 6
.5 p
erce
nt, b
ut n
ot le
ss th
an 9
.75
Euro
per
tonn
e. T
he n
ew
duty
has
com
e in
to e
ffect
on
1 Se
ptem
ber 2
016,
repl
acin
g th
e 9.
9 pe
rcen
t (bu
t not
less
than
14.
81 E
uro
per t
onne
) tar
iff in
pla
ce s
ince
Sep
tem
ber 2
015
(see
also
MPP
U S
ep.’1
5).
145
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Ukr
aine
May
Gra
ins,
oi
lsee
dsU
krai
nian
Gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als
attri
bute
d th
e 10
–30
perc
ent r
ise
in in
tern
al p
urch
ase
pric
es o
f gra
ins
and
oils
eeds
sin
ce J
anua
ry 2
016
to th
e re
-inst
atem
ent,
at th
e st
art o
f the
yea
r, of
the
16.7
per
cent
VAT
re
fund
for e
xpor
ts o
f gra
in/o
ilsee
ds. R
epor
tedl
y, w
hen
ther
e w
as n
o VA
T re
fund
, exp
orte
rs tr
ansf
erre
d th
e fin
anci
al b
urde
n di
rect
ly to
pro
duce
rs b
y lo
wer
ing
inte
rnal
pur
chas
e pr
ices
.
146
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Ex
port
mea
sure
s -
tariff
& n
on-ta
riff
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Agric
ultu
ral
com
mod
ities
New
fund
ing
has
been
mad
e av
aila
ble
thro
ugh
USD
A’s
Mar
ket
Acce
ss P
rogr
am (M
AP) a
nd F
orei
gn
Mar
ket D
evel
opm
ent P
rogr
am (F
MD)
to a
ssis
t agr
icul
tura
l com
mod
ity o
rgan
izatio
ns in
thei
r effo
rts to
ex
pand
com
mer
cial
exp
orts
. With
rega
rd to
oils
eed
asso
ciat
ions
, the
Am
eric
an S
oybe
an A
ssoc
iatio
n,
the
Amer
ican
Pea
nut C
ounc
il, a
nd th
e N
atio
nal S
unflo
wer
Ass
ocia
tion
have
bee
n al
loca
ted
a to
tal o
f U
SD 8
.8 m
illion
tonn
es fo
r fisc
al y
ear 2
017,
whi
ch re
pres
ents
a 1
5 pe
rcen
t inc
reas
e ov
er F
Y 20
16.
147
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
U
nion
/Ar
gent
ina
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
In M
arch
201
6, a
pan
el e
stab
lishe
d by
the
WTO
dis
pute
set
tlem
ent b
ody
(DSB
) circ
ulat
ed a
repo
rt on
th
e an
ti-du
mpi
ng m
easu
res
take
n by
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on a
gain
st b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina.
The
Pa
nel, w
hich
was
set u
p at
the
requ
est o
f Arg
entin
a (s
ee M
PPU
May
’14)
, rul
ed in
favo
ur o
f sev
eral
cla
ims
mad
e by
the
com
plai
nant
. In
parti
cula
r, th
e fo
rmul
a us
ed b
y th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on to
cal
cula
te th
e co
sts
of b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
in A
rgen
tina
was
foun
d to
be
inco
nsis
tent
with
exi
stin
g W
TO re
gula
tions
an
d th
e du
ties
appl
ied
by th
e EU
con
side
red
to b
e in
exc
ess
of th
e m
argi
n of
dum
ping
that
sho
uld
have
be
en e
stab
lishe
d. T
he P
anel
ther
efor
e re
com
men
ded
the
EU to
brin
g th
e m
easu
res
into
con
form
ity w
ith
its o
blig
atio
ns. O
n th
e ot
her h
and,
the
pane
l rej
ecte
d so
me
of th
e cl
aim
s m
ade
by A
rgen
tina
and
also
re
cogn
ized
that
the
EU re
gula
tion
at th
e he
art o
f the
dis
pute
did
not
vio
late
WTO
rule
s. B
oth
parti
es
have
bee
n gi
ven
a pe
riod
of 6
0 da
ys to
app
eal t
he p
anel
’s fin
ding
s. A
sep
arat
e ca
se fi
led
by In
done
sia
conc
erni
ng a
nalo
gous
EU
dut
ies
on b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om In
done
sia
is s
till b
eing
exa
min
ed b
y th
e DS
B (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’15)
. The
two
mai
n bi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
con
cern
ed b
y th
e di
sput
es a
re s
oyoi
l (Arg
entin
a)
and
palm
oil (
Indo
nesi
a).
148
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
U
nion
/Ar
gent
ina
June
Biod
iese
lTh
e EU
and
Arg
entin
a bo
th a
ppea
led
the
findi
ngs
of a
WTO
dis
pute
pan
el re
gard
ing
the
anti-
dum
ping
m
easu
res
take
n by
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on a
gain
st b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
(see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6).
With
bot
h co
untri
es t
akin
g is
sues
with
spe
cific
asp
ects
of
the
rece
nt r
ulin
g, t
he c
ase
will
now
be
revi
ewed
by
the
WTO
’s Ap
pella
te B
ody,
whi
ch h
as 3
mon
ths
to is
sues
its
repo
rt. In
gen
eral
, the
Bod
y re
view
s le
gal i
nter
pret
atio
n m
atte
rs, r
athe
r tha
n th
e di
sput
e pa
nel’s
fact
ual fi
ndin
gs.
149
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
U
nion
/ Ar
gent
ina/
Indo
nesi
a
Sept
embe
rBi
odie
sel
On
15 S
epte
mbe
r, in
a d
omes
tic p
roce
edin
g ba
sed
on c
ases
file
d by
indi
vidu
al A
rgen
tine
and
Indo
nesi
an
biod
iese
l pro
duce
rs, t
he E
U’s
Gen
eral
Cou
rt ru
led
that
the
anti-
dum
ping
dut
ies
impo
sed
on b
iodi
esel
im
ports
fro
m A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a in
fring
ed b
asic
reg
ulat
ions
and
sho
uld
be a
nnul
led.
Sim
ilar
to a
rec
ent
WTO
rul
ing
(see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6), t
he E
U ju
dges
fou
nd t
hat
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
’s ca
lcul
atio
ns o
f the
cos
ts o
f bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n in
Arg
entin
a an
d In
done
sia
wer
e ba
sed
on in
corre
ct
cons
ider
atio
ns. T
he E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
and
the
EU’s
biod
iese
l ind
ustry
hav
e tw
o m
onth
s to
file
an
appe
al to
the
Euro
pean
Cou
rt of
Jus
tice.
26 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
150
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
U
nion
/Ar
gent
ina
Oct
ober
Biod
iese
lTh
e W
TO A
ppel
late
Bod
y up
held
an
earli
er p
anel
’s m
ixed
rul
ing
rega
rdin
g th
e an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s im
pose
d by
the
EU o
n bi
odie
sel i
mpo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina,
reco
mm
endi
ng to
brin
g th
e di
sput
ed tr
ade
mea
sure
into
con
form
ity w
ith W
TO r
ules
. The
pre
viou
s pa
nel h
ad fo
und
that
cer
tain
asp
ects
of t
he
EU’s
inve
stig
atio
n in
to A
rgen
tine
biod
iese
l pro
duct
ion
wer
e in
bre
ach
of W
TO ru
les
(see
MPP
U A
pr’1
6).
Follo
win
g th
e fo
rmal
ado
ptio
n of
the
Appe
llate
Bod
y’s re
port
on 2
6 O
ctob
er, t
he E
U h
as 3
0 da
ys to
in
form
the
WTO
how
it in
tend
s to
ach
ieve
com
plia
nce.
A s
epar
ate
case
file
d by
Indo
nesi
a co
ncer
ning
an
alog
ous
dutie
s ch
arge
d on
bio
dies
el im
ports
from
that
cou
ntry
is s
till u
nder
exa
min
atio
n at
the
WTO
(s
ee M
PPU
Dec
’15)
.
151
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
U
nion
/ Ar
gent
ina/
Indo
nesi
a
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
In r
espo
nse
to a
rul
ing
issu
ed b
y th
e Di
sput
e Se
ttlem
ent
Body
of
the
Wor
ld T
rade
Org
aniza
tion
(see
MPP
U A
pr.&
Nov
.’16)
, the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on h
as in
itiat
ed a
n in
vest
igat
ion
of it
s an
ti-du
mpi
ng
dutie
s on
bio
dies
el im
porte
d fro
m A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a. In
tere
sted
par
ties
– in
clud
ing
expo
rting
pr
oduc
ers
in th
e tw
o co
untri
es –
hav
e be
en in
vite
d to
sub
mit
new
evi
denc
e on
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n co
sts,
pro
duct
ion
capa
citie
s an
d ca
paci
ty u
tiliza
tion.
Aim
ed a
t brin
ging
the
EU’s
anti-
dum
ping
dut
ies
into
con
form
ity w
ith W
TO r
ules
, the
rev
iew
may
lead
to
a re
peal
or
amen
dmen
t of
the
mea
sure
s in
pl
ace.
Any
cha
nges
will
not h
ave
retro
activ
e eff
ect,
impl
ying
that
they
sha
ll no
t ser
ve a
s a
basi
s fo
r th
e re
imbu
rsem
ent o
f dut
ies
colle
cted
in th
e pa
st. T
he C
omm
issi
on n
otifi
ed th
e W
TO th
at it
pla
ns to
im
plem
ent i
ts re
visi
ons
by 1
0 Au
gust
201
7.
152
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Peru
Febr
uary
Biod
iese
lTh
e G
over
nmen
t of P
eru
impo
sed
anti-
dum
ping
tariff
s of
up
to U
SD 2
08 p
er to
nne
on im
ports
of p
ure
biod
iese
l fro
m in
divi
dual
Arg
entin
e co
mpa
nies
. The
dec
isio
n co
mes
9 m
onth
s af
ter P
eru’
s co
mpe
titio
n re
gula
tor
bega
n in
vest
igat
ing
the
poss
ible
dum
ping
of A
rgen
tine
biod
iese
l int
o th
e Pe
ruvi
an m
arke
t (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.’15)
. Arg
entin
a is
Per
u’s
prin
cipa
l sup
plie
r of t
he p
rodu
ct. A
rgen
tine
biod
iese
l pro
duce
rs
said
they
wou
ld a
ppea
l Per
u’s
deci
sion
.
153
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Peru
Oct
ober
Biod
iese
lTh
e Pe
ruvi
an G
over
nmen
t has
ann
ounc
ed th
e re
plac
emen
t of p
rovi
sion
al a
nti-d
umpi
ng d
utie
s im
pose
d la
st F
ebru
ary
on b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
(see
MPP
U M
ar’1
6) w
ith p
erm
anen
t one
s. T
he d
utie
s,
whi
ch a
re s
et to
rem
ain
in p
lace
for fi
ve y
ears
, will
be c
harg
ed a
t var
iabl
e ra
tes
(rang
ing
from
USD
122
to
USD
192
per
tonn
e), d
epen
ding
on
the
biod
iese
l man
ufac
ture
r in
Arge
ntin
a. T
he m
easu
re is
mea
nt to
sh
ield
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n in
Per
u fro
m a
llege
dly
unfa
ir co
mpe
titio
n by
Arg
entin
e pr
oduc
ers.
Arg
entin
a is
the
mai
n su
pplie
r of b
iodi
esel
to P
eru,
whe
re c
onsu
mpt
ion
of B
5 bl
ends
(i.e
. tra
nspo
rtatio
n di
esel
co
ntai
ning
5 p
erce
nt o
f bio
dies
el) b
ecam
e m
anda
tory
in 2
011.
154
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
disp
utes
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n/Eu
rope
an U
nion
Augu
stPa
lm o
ilA
WTO
dis
pute
set
tlem
ent p
anel
set
up
at th
e re
ques
t of t
he E
urop
ean
Uni
on ru
led
that
impo
rt du
ties
appl
ied
by t
he R
ussi
an F
eder
atio
n on
sel
ecte
d pr
oduc
ts im
porte
d fro
m t
he E
U –
incl
udin
g pa
lm o
il an
d its
frac
tions
– v
iola
ted
WTO
rule
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’14)
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
com
bine
d du
ty ra
tes
appl
ied
to p
alm
oil
in 2
014
– i.e
. 3 p
erce
nt, b
ut n
ot le
ss th
an 9
0 Eu
ro p
er to
nne
– w
ere
in e
xces
s of
the
ad v
alor
em b
ound
rate
the
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n ha
d ac
cept
ed u
pon
join
ing
the
WTO
in 2
012.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n ha
s ag
reed
to lo
wer
the
com
bine
d du
ty to
its
boun
d ra
te b
y M
ay 2
017.
155
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsC
anad
a/Eu
rope
an U
nion
Oct
ober
Rape
seed
oil
On
30 O
ctob
er,
the
EU a
nd C
anad
a fo
rmal
ly s
igne
d th
e bi
late
ral
Com
preh
ensi
ve E
cono
mic
and
Tr
ade
Agre
emen
t (C
ETA)
, whi
ch o
pens
the
way
for t
he a
ccor
d’s
prov
isio
nal a
pplic
atio
n an
d fo
r for
mal
ra
tifica
tions
by
natio
nal p
arlia
men
ts. F
or o
ilsee
ds, a
key
ele
men
t of C
ETA
is th
e el
imin
atio
n (im
med
iate
ly
upon
impl
emen
tatio
n) o
f tar
iffs
on C
anad
ian
rape
seed
oil
ente
ring
the
EU –
a m
easu
re th
at, a
ccor
ding
to
the
Can
ola
Cou
ncil
of C
anad
a, w
ill al
low
Can
adia
n ex
porte
rs to
rais
e th
eir s
ales
to th
e EU
by
up to
U
SD 9
0 m
illion
per
yea
r (se
e al
so M
PPU
Nov
’13
& N
ov’1
4). P
rovi
sion
al im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e tra
de p
act
is e
xpec
ted
for n
ext y
ear.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 27
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
156
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsEu
rope
an
Uni
on/T
unis
ia
Janu
ary
Oliv
e oi
l Th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on’s
prop
osal
to ra
ise
Tuni
sia’
s du
ty-fr
ee ta
riff ra
te q
uota
for o
live
oil f
or tw
o ye
ars
has
been
bac
ked
by t
he E
urop
ean
Parli
amen
t’s t
rade
com
mitt
ee, p
rovi
ded
an a
sses
smen
t is
co
nduc
ted
afte
r th
e fir
st y
ear
to a
scer
tain
the
mea
sure
’s im
pact
on
the
EU o
live
oil m
arke
t an
d to
co
nsid
er c
orre
ctiv
e m
easu
res
if ne
cess
ary.
Shou
ld th
e pr
opos
al b
e ad
opte
d by
the
Parli
amen
t ple
nary
, it
will
be tr
ansm
itted
to th
e Eu
rope
an C
ounc
il fo
r fina
l rev
iew
(see
also
MPP
U O
ct.&
Nov
.’15)
.
157
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsEu
rope
an
Uni
on/T
unis
ia
Febr
uary
Oliv
e oi
l Th
e Eu
rope
an P
arlia
men
t bac
ked
the
prop
osal
to ra
ise
Tuni
sia’
s du
ty-fr
ee ta
riff ra
te q
uota
for o
live
oil
for t
wo
year
s (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
. How
ever
, it a
dded
(i) p
rovi
sion
s fo
r con
duct
ing
an a
sses
smen
t of t
he
mea
sure
’s im
pact
on
the
EU o
live
oil m
arke
t afte
r one
yea
r, an
d (ii)
trac
king
obl
igat
ions
to e
nsur
e th
at
the
oliv
e oi
l im
porte
d un
der t
he q
uota
is a
ctua
lly p
rodu
ced
in a
nd s
hipp
ed d
irect
ly fr
om T
unis
ia. T
he
prop
osal
will
now
be
trans
mitt
ed to
the
Euro
pean
Cou
ncil
for i
ts fi
nal r
evie
w.
158
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsG
hana
/Lib
eria
Dece
mbe
rPa
lm o
il Th
e G
over
nmen
ts o
f Li
beria
and
Gha
na, w
ith s
uppo
rt fro
m t
heir
priv
ate
sect
ors,
agr
eed
to e
xplo
re
pote
ntia
l tra
de o
ppor
tuni
ties
in p
alm
oil.
Nat
iona
l tra
de a
nd s
tand
ard
setti
ng b
odie
s an
d pr
ivat
e in
vest
ors
in th
e tw
o co
untri
es c
omm
itted
to jo
in fo
rces
to p
rom
ote
Libe
rian
expo
rts o
f cru
de p
alm
oil f
or
subs
eque
nt re
finem
ent i
n G
hana
.
159
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsIn
done
sia/
Euro
pean
Uni
onFe
brua
ryPa
lm o
il Ac
cord
ing
to g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s, In
done
sia
is c
omm
itted
to s
peed
up
nego
tiatio
ns o
n th
e In
done
sia–
Euro
pean
Uni
on C
ompr
ehen
sive
Eco
nom
ic P
artn
ersh
ip A
gree
men
t (C
EPA)
, so
as to
hav
e an
agr
eem
ent
in p
lace
with
in t
wo
year
s. W
ith r
egar
d to
mar
ket
acce
ss,
redu
ctio
ns in
the
EU
’s im
port
tariff
s on
In
done
sian
pal
m o
il an
d co
coa
prod
ucts
, whi
ch c
urre
ntly
rang
e be
twee
n 8
and
12 p
erce
nt, a
re to
be
purs
ued
by In
done
sia.
The
EU
(tog
ethe
r with
Chi
na) i
s In
done
sia’
s m
ost p
rom
inen
t mar
ket f
or p
alm
oil
afte
r Ind
ia.
160
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsIn
done
sia/
Mal
aysi
aDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil
The
wor
ld’s
two
lead
ing
palm
oil
expo
rting
nat
ions
agr
eed
to o
rgan
ize jo
int
min
iste
rial m
issi
ons
to
wes
tern
, im
porti
ng c
ount
ries
to a
ddre
ss p
erce
ived
bar
riers
to p
alm
oil
trade
. Acc
ordi
ng to
Mal
aysi
an
and
Indo
nesi
an g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s, a
nti-p
alm
oil
cam
paig
ns a
re h
urtin
g gl
obal
exp
orts
and
hav
e ne
gativ
ely
affec
ted
grow
th o
f the
ir do
mes
tic p
alm
oil
indu
strie
s. T
he b
ilate
ral e
ffort
will
be c
arrie
d ou
t un
der t
he C
ounc
il of
Pal
m O
il Pr
oduc
ing
Cou
ntrie
s th
at w
as e
stab
lishe
d in
201
5 (s
ee M
PPU
Nov
.’15)
.
161
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsM
alay
sia/
Iran
(Isla
mic
Re
publ
ic o
f)
Dece
mbe
rPa
lm o
il M
alay
sia
plan
s to
pur
sue
a fre
e tra
de a
gree
men
t with
the
Isla
mic
Rep
ublic
of I
ran
as p
art o
f effo
rts to
di
vers
ify b
ilate
ral t
rade
. Fol
low
ing
the
liftin
g of
inte
rnat
iona
l san
ctio
ns a
gain
st th
e Is
lam
ic R
epub
lic o
f Ira
n an
d gi
ven
the
coun
try’s
thriv
ing
econ
omy,
Mal
aysi
a se
es s
igni
fican
t pot
entia
l for
trad
e be
twee
n th
e tw
o co
untri
es, e
spec
ially
rega
rdin
g m
iner
al o
il, g
as a
nd p
alm
oil.
Con
side
ring
that
impo
rts o
f pal
m
oil i
nto
the
Isla
mic
Rep
ublic
of I
ran
curre
ntly
attr
act a
hig
h ta
riff o
f 40
perc
ent,
Mal
aysi
a is
aim
ing
for a
pr
efer
entia
l, lo
wer
dut
y un
der a
bila
tera
l tra
de a
gree
men
t.
162
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsU
krai
ne/
Can
ada
July
Agric
ultu
ral
com
mod
ities
In J
uly 2
016,
neg
otia
tions
of a
free
trad
e ag
reem
ent b
etw
een
Ukr
aine
and
Can
ada
have
bee
n co
mpl
eted
. Th
e ne
w a
gree
men
t will
take
effe
ct a
fter i
ts ra
tifica
tion
by th
e pa
rliam
ents
of b
oth
coun
tries
. Und
er th
e tra
de p
act,
impo
rt du
ties
on a
ll ag
ricul
tura
l goo
ds a
re s
et t
o be
lifte
d in
one
go
– ex
cept
for
som
e C
anad
ian
tariff
line
s co
ncer
ning
sel
ecte
d ‘s
ensi
tive’
item
s, in
clud
ing
prod
ucts
der
ived
from
veg
etab
le
oil,
such
as
mar
garin
e. H
owev
er, c
onsi
derin
g th
at C
anad
a’s
dutie
s on
oils
eeds
, oils
and
mea
ls a
re
earm
arke
d fo
r im
med
iate
elim
inat
ion,
Ukr
aine
’s ex
ports
of
sunfl
ower
oil,
rap
esee
d an
d so
ybea
ns
prod
ucts
will
enjo
y in
stan
t dut
y-fre
e ac
cess
to th
e C
anad
ian
mar
ket.
163
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ade
agre
emen
tsU
krai
ne/
Indo
nesi
aAu
gust
Agric
ultu
ral
com
mod
ities
In A
ugus
t 201
6, th
e U
krai
ne a
nd In
done
sia
agre
ed to
sta
rt co
nsul
tatio
ns o
n es
tabl
ishi
ng a
free
trad
e zo
ne b
etw
een
the
two
coun
tries
. With
reg
ard
to a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts,
Ukr
aine
hop
es t
o ex
pand
its
expo
rts o
f sun
flow
er s
eed/
oil t
o In
done
sia,
whe
re d
eman
d fo
r com
mod
ities
from
the
oil a
nd fa
t com
plex
is
risi
ng s
tead
ily.
28 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
164
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Can
ada
June
Tran
s fa
tAs
par
t of c
omm
itmen
ts to
elim
inat
e in
dust
rially
pro
duce
d tra
ns fa
ts in
pro
cess
ed fo
ods,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
of C
anad
a as
ked
indu
stry
sta
keho
lder
s to
pro
vide
dat
a on
the
amou
nt o
f par
tially
hyd
roge
nate
d oi
ls
(the
prim
ary
sour
ce o
f ind
ustri
ally
gen
erat
ed tr
ans
fats
) pre
sent
in d
omes
tic o
r im
porte
d fo
ods,
as
wel
l as
on
the
reas
ons
for t
heir
use
and
thei
r con
cent
ratio
ns. D
espi
te lo
ng-s
tand
ing
effor
ts to
redu
ce th
e pr
esen
ce o
f tra
ns f
ats
in t
he d
omes
tic f
ood
chai
n (s
ee M
PPU
Sep
.’11)
, stu
dies
rev
eale
d th
at t
rans
fa
t con
cent
ratio
ns re
mai
ned
abov
e se
t tar
gets
in a
num
ber o
f foo
ds, p
uttin
g at
risk
cer
tain
gro
ups
of
cons
umer
s –
give
n st
rong
evi
denc
e lin
king
tran
s fa
t int
ake
to c
oron
ary
hear
t dis
ease
s. L
ast y
ear,
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, foo
d m
anuf
actu
rers
hav
e be
en o
rder
ed to
rem
ove
trans
fats
from
thei
r pro
duct
s w
ithin
th
ree
year
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’15
).
165
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Can
ada
Nov
embe
rSa
tura
ted
fat
Can
ada’
s he
alth
aut
horit
ies
open
ed c
onsu
ltatio
ns o
n pr
opos
ed c
hang
es to
fron
t-of-p
acka
ge la
bellin
g fo
r foo
ds h
igh
in n
utrie
nts
that
are
a p
ublic
hea
lth c
once
rn, n
amel
y su
gars
, sod
ium
and
sat
urat
ed fa
t. U
nder
the
prop
osal
, foo
d co
mpa
nies
wou
ld h
ave
to c
hang
e fo
od la
bels
to m
ake
info
rmat
ion
on c
onte
nt
in c
once
rned
nut
rient
s m
ore
visi
ble
and
easi
er to
und
erst
and.
The
use
of h
ealth
cla
ims
wou
ld a
lso
be
regu
late
d un
der t
he n
ew p
ropo
sal.
166
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Can
ada
Nov
embe
rTr
ans
fat
To p
rote
ct c
onsu
mer
s’ h
ealth
, Can
ada’
s H
ealth
Min
istry
is p
ropo
sing
to b
an in
dust
rial t
rans
fats
(whi
ch
are
gene
rate
d w
hen
vege
tabl
e oi
ls a
re p
artia
lly h
ydro
gena
ted
for i
mpr
oved
sta
bilit
y) in
food
s so
ld in
th
e co
untry
and
has
cal
led
for c
omm
ents
by
stak
ehol
ders
. Und
er th
e pr
opos
al, f
ood
com
pani
es w
ould
be
gra
nted
a 1
2-m
onth
impl
emen
tatio
n pe
riod
to d
ispo
se o
f exi
stin
g st
ocks
and
mak
e th
e ne
cess
ary
chan
ges
in fo
od fo
rmul
atio
ns. P
ast g
over
nmen
t effo
rts to
redu
ce th
e pr
esen
ce o
f tra
ns fa
ts in
food
s di
d no
t yie
ld th
e ho
ped-
for r
esul
ts (s
ee M
PPU
Sep
.’11
& Ju
ly’16
con
cern
ing
Can
ada,
as
wel
l as
MPP
U
Jun’
13 o
n a
glob
al s
tudy
rega
rdin
g th
e eff
ectiv
enes
s of
pol
icie
s to
regu
late
tran
s fa
ts).
167
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Chi
leM
aySa
tura
ted
fat
Legi
slat
ion
regu
latin
g th
e la
bellin
g of
the
nut
ritio
nal c
ompo
sitio
n of
food
pro
duct
s –
spec
ifica
lly t
he
cont
ent o
f sat
urat
ed fa
t, so
dium
, sug
ar a
nd e
nerg
y –
is s
et to
com
e in
to e
ffect
in C
hile
on
26 J
une
2016
. Fo
r sat
urat
ed fa
ts, t
he th
resh
old
trigg
erin
g ob
ligat
ory
war
ning
s on
labe
ls is
4 g
ram
s pe
r 100
gra
ms
for
solid
food
s, a
nd 3
gra
ms
per 1
00 m
l for
liqu
id p
rodu
cts.
The
legi
slat
ion
incl
udes
add
ition
al m
arke
ting
rest
rictio
ns fo
r pro
duct
s th
at a
re in
tend
ed fo
r con
sum
ptio
n by
chi
ldre
n.
168
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Euro
pean
Uni
on
Janu
ary
Tran
s fa
tTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on h
as is
sued
a re
port
on tr
ans
fatty
aci
d (T
FA) i
n fo
od a
nd in
the
over
all d
iet
of E
urop
eans
. Par
tially
hyd
roge
nate
d oi
ls a
re th
e pr
imar
y di
etar
y so
urce
of i
ndus
trial
TFA
(as
oppo
sed
to T
FA n
atur
ally
pre
sent
in fo
od p
rodu
cts
mad
e fro
m ru
min
ant a
nim
als)
. Whi
le th
e re
port
ackn
owle
dges
th
at o
ver t
he la
st te
n ye
ars
TFA
leve
ls h
ave
decr
ease
d in
the
maj
ority
of f
ood
prod
ucts
in m
any
mem
ber
stat
es, i
t als
o hi
ghlig
hts
the
need
to a
ddre
ss re
mai
ning
hot
spot
s in
som
e fo
od p
rodu
cts
and
popu
latio
n gr
oups
. Set
ting
an E
U-w
ide
lega
l lim
it fo
r ind
ustri
al T
FA c
onte
nt is
see
n as
the
mos
t effe
ctiv
e m
easu
re
to fo
ster
pub
lic h
ealth
and
con
sum
er p
rote
ctio
n w
hile
gua
rant
eein
g th
e co
mpa
tibilit
y w
ith E
U s
ingl
e m
arke
t rul
es a
nd li
miti
ng th
e bu
rden
on
food
pro
duce
rs. A
ltern
ativ
es m
easu
res
cons
ider
ed in
clud
ed:
(i) m
anda
tory
TFA
con
tent
dec
lara
tion,
whi
ch w
as n
ot re
com
men
ded
on th
e gr
ound
that
it is
not
wel
l un
ders
tood
by
cons
umer
s; a
nd (i
i) vo
lunt
ary
indu
stry
agr
eem
ent t
owar
ds re
duci
ng T
FA in
food
s an
d di
ets,
whi
ch w
as d
eem
ed to
be
ineff
ectiv
e. T
he C
omm
issi
on a
nnou
nced
that
it w
ill so
on la
unch
a p
ublic
co
nsul
tatio
n to
col
lect
mor
e in
form
atio
n an
d ca
rry o
ut a
full i
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
t, w
ith a
vie
w to
faci
litat
e fu
ture
pol
icy
deci
sion
s. F
EDIO
L, th
e fe
dera
tion
repr
esen
ting
Euro
pe’s
vege
tabl
e oi
l ind
ustry
, wel
com
ed
the
repo
rt, a
ddin
g th
at a
2 p
erce
nt T
FA li
mit
wou
ld b
oth
addr
ess
heal
th c
once
rns
and
ensu
re a
leve
l pl
ayin
g fie
ld a
cros
s th
e EU
(see
also
MPP
U M
ay’1
4).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 29
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
169
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Euro
pean
Uni
on
June
Edib
le o
ilsTh
e Eu
rope
an F
ood
Safe
ty A
utho
rity
issu
ed a
war
ning
con
cern
ing
thre
e to
xic
subs
tanc
es in
veg
etab
le
oil
deriv
ativ
es.
The
glyc
erol
-bas
ed c
onta
min
ants
for
m d
urin
g fo
od p
roce
ssin
g, i
n pa
rticu
lar,
whe
n ve
geta
ble
oils
are
refi
ned
at h
igh
tem
pera
ture
s. T
he d
isco
very
rai
ses
pote
ntia
l hea
lth c
once
rns
for
aver
age
cons
umer
s (o
f veg
etab
le o
ils, m
arga
rines
and
pro
cess
ed fo
ods
such
as
past
ries
and
cake
s) in
al
l you
ng a
ge g
roup
s, a
nd fo
r hig
h co
nsum
ers
in a
ll ag
e gr
oups
, inf
orm
ed th
e ag
ency
. EU
food
saf
ety
regu
lato
rs h
ave
been
invi
ted
to u
se E
FSA’
s sc
ient
ific
advi
ce to
con
side
r how
to m
anag
e th
e po
tent
ial
risks
for c
onsu
mer
s fro
m e
xpos
ure
to th
ese
subs
tanc
es in
food
.
170
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Euro
pean
Uni
on
Nov
embe
rRa
pese
edTh
e Eu
rope
an F
ood
Safe
ty A
utho
rity
(EFS
A) d
eliv
ered
a s
cien
tific
opin
ion
on a
nim
al/h
uman
hea
lth ri
sks
rela
ted
to th
e pr
esen
ce o
f eru
cic
acid
(EA)
in fe
ed a
nd fo
od. E
A oc
curs
nat
ural
ly, to
geth
er w
ith o
ther
fa
tty a
cids
, in
the
oil a
nd m
eal o
f rap
esee
d an
d m
usta
rdse
ed. W
hile
nat
ural
form
s of
thes
e oi
lsee
ds
cont
ain
high
leve
ls o
f EA,
leve
ls in
var
ietie
s cu
ltiva
ted
for f
ood
use
are
typi
cally
bel
ow 0
.5 p
erce
nt. I
n th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
, max
imum
lim
its fo
r EA
as a
con
tam
inan
t in
vege
tabl
e oi
l/fat
and
food
pro
duct
s ar
e in
pl
ace
sinc
e 19
76. E
FSA’
s st
udy
anal
yzes
how
indi
vidu
al fo
od g
roup
s co
ntrib
ute
to th
e pr
esen
ce o
f EA
in h
uman
die
ts, i
dent
ifies
the
targ
et o
rgan
s fo
r tox
ic e
ffect
s af
ter p
rolo
nged
exp
osur
e, a
nd e
stab
lishe
s to
lera
ble
daily
inta
ke le
vels
. The
age
ncy
reck
ons
that
EA
is n
ot a
saf
ety
conc
ern
for
mos
t hu
man
s,
alth
ough
it m
ay p
ose
som
e lo
ng-te
rm h
ealth
risk
s fo
r chi
ldre
n. W
ith re
gard
to a
nim
als,
the
leve
ls o
f EA
pres
ent i
n an
imal
feed
may
pos
e he
alth
risk
s fo
r chi
cken
, acc
ordi
ng to
EFS
A.
171
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Gha
naJa
nuar
yPa
lm o
il Af
ter c
autio
ning
the
publ
ic o
n pa
lm o
il adu
ltera
tion
in O
ctob
er 2
015
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
5), G
hana
’s Fo
od
and
Drug
s Au
thor
ity n
ow d
ecla
red
the
oil s
afe
for c
onsu
mpt
ion
but a
dvis
ed c
onsu
mer
s to
onl
y bu
y pa
lm
oil f
rom
sel
lers
with
acc
redi
ted
badg
es is
sued
by
the
Auth
ority
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
agen
cy h
as re
gist
ered
fiv
e hu
ndre
d se
llers
of p
alm
oil
in G
reat
er A
ccra
that
com
ply
with
its
anti-
adul
tera
tion
dire
ctiv
es. T
he
regi
stra
tion
proc
ess,
whi
ch w
ill be
ext
ende
d to
oth
er re
gion
s, is
exp
ecte
d to
faci
litat
e tra
ceab
ility
of a
ny
adul
tera
ted
oil f
ound
in th
e m
arke
t.
172
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Gha
naAu
gust
Edib
le o
ilsIn
Gha
na, f
ood
auth
oriti
es re
porte
d in
stan
ces
whe
re b
ottle
rs o
f edi
ble
oil h
ave
mar
kete
d lo
w-v
alue
oils
as
oliv
e oi
l to
reap
a p
rem
ium
. Dec
eptiv
e m
arke
ting
prac
tices
hav
e al
so b
een
repo
rted
in F
ranc
e, w
here
Sp
anis
h ol
ives
hav
e be
en im
porte
d an
d th
eir o
il ble
nded
with
nat
ive
prod
uce
for s
ale
unde
r loc
al la
bels
, co
ncea
ling
the
prod
ucts
geo
grap
hic
orig
in.
173
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aM
ayC
ocon
ut o
ilIn
line
with
ear
lier e
fforts
to c
urb
adul
tera
tion
of c
ocon
ut o
il, in
Mar
ch 2
016,
the
food
saf
ety
auth
oriti
es o
f Ke
rala
sta
te (I
ndia
) intro
duce
d a
requ
irem
ent c
allin
g fo
r man
dato
ry re
gist
ratio
n of
new
bra
nds
with
in o
ne
mon
th o
f the
ir co
mm
erci
aliza
tion,
failin
g w
hich
mar
ketin
g of
suc
h oi
ls w
ould
be
bann
ed (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
M
ay’1
5). T
he m
easu
re is
mea
nt t
o pr
even
t pr
evio
usly
ban
ned
prod
uce
from
re-
ente
ring
the
mar
ket.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e ne
w p
olic
y ha
s le
d to
ban
s on
the
prod
uctio
n an
d co
mm
erci
aliza
tion
of 1
4 br
ands
of
coco
nut o
il th
at w
ere
foun
d to
be
adul
tera
ted.
174
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aJu
neO
ils a
nd fa
tsTh
e Fo
od S
afet
y and
Sta
ndar
ds A
utho
rity o
f Ind
ia (F
SSAI
) issu
es n
ew m
anua
ls o
n te
stin
g m
etho
dolo
gies
an
d an
alys
es fo
r var
ious
food
pro
duct
s, in
clud
ing
oils
and
fats
. The
revi
sed
stan
dard
s m
ust b
e ap
plie
d by
all
food
saf
ety
labo
rato
ries
from
Jun
e 20
16 o
nwar
d.
175
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aAu
gust
Tran
s fa
tTh
e G
over
nmen
t of
Ind
ia p
ostp
oned
the
enf
orce
men
t da
te f
or m
axim
um li
mits
of
trans
fat
ty a
cid
leve
ls in
fats
, oils
and
fat
emul
sion
s (s
ee M
PPU
Sep
.’15)
by
six
mon
ths
– fro
m 2
7 Au
gust
201
6 to
27
Feb
ruar
y 20
17.
30 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
176
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Italy
May
Oliv
e oi
l In
an
effor
t to
com
ply
with
EU
law,
Ital
y’s la
wm
aker
s ar
e co
nsid
erin
g to
abo
lish
a re
gula
tion
that
requ
ired
a ‘m
inim
um e
xpiry
dat
e’ fo
r oliv
e oi
l of n
o m
ore
than
18
mon
ths
from
the
date
of b
ottli
ng. T
he re
gula
tion
had
been
intro
duce
d in
201
3 be
caus
e, w
ith a
ge, o
live
oil b
egin
s to
gra
dual
ly lo
se th
e or
gano
lept
ic tr
aits
th
at d
eter
min
e th
e oi
l’s n
utrit
iona
l and
hea
lth p
rope
rties
. How
ever
, suc
h pr
ovis
ion
was
fou
nd t
o be
in
cons
iste
nt w
ith E
U la
w s
tatin
g th
at it
is u
p to
food
man
ufac
ture
rs to
ass
ess
the
date
unt
il w
hich
thei
r pr
oduc
ts re
tain
s th
eir s
peci
fic p
rope
rties
, if p
rope
rly s
tore
d. It
aly’s
farm
ers
asso
ciat
ions
war
ned
that
the
elim
inat
ion
of th
e la
bellin
g re
quire
men
t wou
ld p
ut c
omm
erci
al in
tere
sts
abov
e co
nsum
ers’
inte
rest
s. If
ap
prov
ed, t
he m
easu
re c
ould
als
o en
cour
age
selle
rs to
put
old
oliv
e oi
l sto
cks
on th
e m
arke
t for
sal
e.
177
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
nJu
lyPa
lm o
ilTh
e G
over
nmen
t of t
he R
ussi
an F
eder
atio
n dr
oppe
d its
ear
lier p
lans
to in
trodu
ce n
ew s
afet
y st
anda
rds
for
tropi
cal o
ils, n
otab
ly p
alm
oil,
citi
ng a
lack
of s
cien
tific
evid
ence
for
alle
ged
haza
rds
of p
alm
oil
cons
umpt
ion
to h
uman
hea
lth. P
revi
ousl
y, th
e go
vern
men
t had
con
side
red
regu
latin
g th
e us
e of
pal
m
oil i
n fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n an
d in
trodu
cing
stri
ngen
t req
uire
men
ts re
gard
ing
the
max
imum
allo
wed
con
tent
of
hyd
roge
n pe
roxi
de in
trop
ical
oils
(see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
4 &
Aug.
’15)
.
178
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Uni
ted
Stat
esFe
brua
ryH
erbi
cide
sTh
e U
S Fo
od a
nd D
rug
Adm
inis
tratio
n (F
DA) i
s co
nsid
erin
g to
sta
rt, in
fisc
al y
ear 2
016,
rout
ine
test
s of
cer
tain
food
s so
ld in
the
coun
try fo
r res
idue
s of
gly
phos
ate,
a h
erbi
cide
bro
adly
use
d in
agr
icul
ture
w
orld
-wid
e, in
clud
ing
in s
oybe
an c
ultiv
atio
n (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Apr
. & M
ay’1
5). L
ast y
ear,
glyp
hosa
te h
as
been
labe
lled
as ‘p
roba
bly
carc
inog
enic
to h
uman
s’ b
y an
age
ncy
of th
e W
orld
Hea
lth O
rgan
izatio
n,
a cl
aim
dis
pute
d by
the
Eur
opea
n Fo
od S
afet
y Au
thor
ity.
Repo
rtedl
y, FD
A ha
s no
t te
sted
foo
d fo
r gl
ypho
sate
in th
e pa
st b
ecau
se o
f cos
t and
labo
ur re
stric
tions
and
bec
ause
gly
phos
ate
resi
due
leve
ls
are
deem
ed to
be
redu
ced
durin
g fo
od p
roce
ssin
g. T
oler
ance
leve
ls fo
r pes
ticid
e re
sidu
es in
food
are
se
t by
the
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA).
The
tole
ranc
e le
vel f
or g
lyph
osat
e on
soy
bean
s is
40
ppb
.
179
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Uni
ted
Stat
esM
ayO
live
oil
Con
cern
ed a
bout
repo
rts th
at d
escr
ibe
the
prev
alen
ce o
f adu
ltera
ted
and
fraud
ulen
tly la
bele
d ol
ive
oil
impo
rted
into
the
coun
try, U
.S. l
awm
aker
s pr
opos
ed th
at th
e co
untry
’s Fo
od a
nd D
rug
Adm
inis
tratio
n (F
DA) l
ooks
into
the
cre
atio
n of
a s
ampl
ing
and
test
ing
syst
em fo
r im
porte
d ol
ive
oil.
Trad
ing
firm
s co
mm
ente
d th
at t
estin
g ou
ght
to a
pply
als
o to
dom
estic
ally
pro
duce
d ol
ive
oil.
Furth
erm
ore,
the
y po
inte
d ou
t tha
t bef
ore
FDA
test
ing
can
be e
ffect
ive,
spe
cific
sta
ndar
ds o
f ide
ntity
nee
d to
be
agre
ed
upon
and
impl
emen
ted
natio
nwid
e. A
part
from
fed
eral
reg
ulat
ions
gov
erni
ng v
olun
tary
labe
lling
of
oliv
e oi
l (se
e M
PPU
Dec
.’10)
and
from
cer
tain
defi
nitio
ns u
sed
in in
divi
dual
sta
tes
(see
for
inst
ance
M
PPU
May
/Nov
.’14)
, the
Uni
ted
Stat
es d
oes
not h
ave
a se
t of b
indi
ng n
atio
nal s
tand
ards
. The
exi
stin
g in
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ards
are
sai
d to
be
of li
mite
d va
lue,
con
side
ring
that
they
rem
ain
mos
tly u
nenf
orce
d (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Nov
.’13)
.
180
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY
POLI
CIE
S
Glo
bal
July
Oliv
e oi
l Th
e In
tern
atio
nal O
live
Cou
ncil
(IOC
) app
rove
d a
revi
sion
in it
s st
anda
rd fo
r ext
ra v
irgin
oliv
e oi
l in
a bi
d to
allo
w o
ils p
rodu
ced
from
two
spec
ific
oliv
e cu
ltiva
rs to
mee
t the
par
amet
ers
for t
hat g
rade
. Und
er
the
revi
sed
stan
dard
, the
max
imum
allo
wed
con
tent
of t
hree
fatty
aci
ds (h
epta
deca
noic
, hep
tade
ceno
ic
and
eico
seno
ic a
cid)
, whi
ch c
hara
cter
ize o
ils p
rodu
ced
from
the
Italia
n va
rietie
s C
arol
ea a
nd C
orat
ina,
ha
ve b
een
rais
ed. P
ossi
bilit
ies
that
the
incr
ease
d lim
its c
ould
faci
litat
e fra
ud h
ave
been
rule
d ou
t by
a gr
oup
of e
xper
ts a
dvis
ing
the
IOC
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 31
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
181
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SC
hina
Febr
uary
GM
soy
bean
In
Febr
uary
, C
hina
’s re
gula
tors
ap
prov
ed
the
impo
rtatio
n of
th
e G
M
soyb
ean
varie
ty
‘Rou
ndup
Read
y2Xt
end’
(see
also
MPP
U S
ep.’1
4). T
he h
igh-
yiel
ding
varie
ty w
as d
evel
oped
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
to to
lera
te a
pplic
atio
ns o
f bot
h G
lyph
osat
e an
d Di
cam
ba h
erbi
cide
s am
id g
row
ing
prob
lem
s of
G
lyph
osat
e-re
sist
ant w
eeds
in N
orth
Am
eric
a. A
ppro
val b
y C
hina
– th
e to
p de
stin
atio
n fo
r US
soyb
ean
expo
rts –
was
a k
ey c
ondi
tion
for t
he c
omm
erci
al la
unch
ing
of th
e ne
w v
arie
ty in
Nor
th A
mer
ica.
Whi
le
the
new
soy
bean
var
iety
is e
xpec
ted
to b
e m
arke
ted
soon
in C
anad
a, w
here
the
use
of D
icam
ba is
al
low
ed, s
ales
will
rem
ain
on h
old
in t
he U
nite
d St
ates
, pen
ding
cle
aran
ce o
f th
e he
rbic
ide
by t
he
US
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’15)
.
182
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SC
hina
Augu
stG
M g
rain
s &
Oilc
rops
In it
s fiv
e-ye
ar p
lan
for s
cien
ce a
nd te
chno
logy
(end
ing
2020
), th
e G
over
nmen
t of C
hina
ann
ounc
ed th
at
it w
ill su
ppor
t the
dev
elop
men
t of G
M c
rop
varie
ties
– in
clud
ing
mai
ze a
nd s
oybe
ans
– as
par
t of n
ew
effor
ts to
mak
e ag
ricul
tura
l pro
duct
ion
mor
e effi
cien
t and
boo
st c
rop
outp
ut. T
o da
te, C
hina
has
onl
y ap
prov
ed G
M te
chno
logy
for c
otto
n. T
he n
ew p
lan
envi
sage
s th
e co
mm
erci
aliza
tion
of p
est-t
oler
ant
mai
ze a
nd h
erbi
cide
-resi
dent
soyb
ean
varie
ties.
Mos
t lik
ely,
the
Gov
ernm
ent w
ill ro
ll out
bio
tech
varie
ties
of in
dust
rial c
rops
like
mai
ze fi
rst,
mov
ing
to fo
od c
rops
suc
h as
soy
a at
a la
ter s
tage
. The
laun
ch o
f bi
otec
h fo
od c
rops
wou
ld b
e de
laye
d be
caus
e of
con
sum
er c
once
rns
over
per
ceiv
ed h
ealth
risk
s. G
M
soy
culti
vatio
n al
so fa
ces
resi
stan
ce fr
om t
he d
omes
tic s
oybe
an in
dust
ry, w
hich
sel
ls lo
cally
gro
wn
GM
-free
soy
bean
s (fo
r use
in fo
od p
rodu
cts
such
as
tofu
and
soy
-sau
ce) a
t a p
rem
ium
to im
porte
d G
M s
oybe
ans.
In a
ntic
ipat
ion
of th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
GM
food
cro
ps in
to th
e m
arke
t, th
e go
vern
men
t w
ill w
ork
on a
law
on
GM
food
saf
ety
– in
clud
ing
labe
lling
rule
s fo
r foo
d pr
oduc
ts e
xcee
ding
a c
erta
in
thre
shol
d of
GM
O c
onte
nt. R
epor
tedl
y, re
cent
pro
posa
ls to
cre
ate
sepa
rate
zon
es fo
r gro
win
g no
n-G
M
soyb
eans
hav
e be
en re
ject
ed b
y th
e go
vern
men
t.
183
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SC
hina
Dece
mbe
rG
M s
oybe
anFr
om M
ay 1
, the
cul
tivat
ion,
pro
cess
ing
and
sellin
g of
GM
soy
bean
s, ri
ce a
nd m
aize
will
be p
rohi
bite
d in
Hei
long
jiang
, Chi
na’s
mai
n gr
ain
prod
ucin
g pr
ovin
ce. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e su
pply
of G
M s
eeds
and
the
sale
and
impo
rt of
all e
dibl
e fa
rm p
rodu
ce c
onta
inin
g G
M in
gred
ient
s w
ill al
so b
e ba
nned
. GM
-food
may
on
ly b
e so
ld in
a s
peci
al z
one,
with
cle
ar la
bellin
g. C
onsu
mer
con
cern
s ov
er p
erce
ived
hea
lth ri
sks
of
GM
pro
duct
s to
geth
er w
ith re
ports
of i
llega
l use
of G
M c
rops
am
ong
farm
ers
and
food
man
ufac
ture
rs
(see
MPP
U S
ep.&
Oct
.’15)
are
sai
d to
hav
e pr
ompt
ed th
e ba
n. T
he p
rovi
ncia
l ini
tiativ
e ap
pear
s to
be
in
cont
rast
to re
cent
mov
es b
y C
hina
’s ce
ntra
l gov
ernm
ent.
As p
art o
f new
effo
rts to
mak
e th
e co
untry
’s ag
ricul
tura
l pro
duct
ion
mor
e effi
cien
t an
d bo
ost
crop
out
put,
Chi
na p
ledg
ed t
o su
ppor
t th
e gr
adua
l in
trodu
ctio
n of
GM
cro
ps a
nd a
nnou
nced
impr
ovem
ents
in it
s G
MO
regu
lato
ry m
echa
nism
s to
add
ress
ris
ks a
nd s
afet
y co
ncer
ns (s
ee M
PPU
May
’15
& Se
p.’1
6). A
lthou
gh p
rovi
ncia
l offi
cial
s re
itera
ted
thei
r su
ppor
t for
the
rese
arch
and
dev
elop
men
t of t
rans
geni
c te
chno
logy
, the
y re
com
men
ded
prud
ence
in
appl
ying
suc
h te
chni
ques
in c
rop
prod
uctio
n. C
urre
ntly,
in C
hina
, the
cul
tivat
ion
of a
ny G
M c
rops
exc
ept
for c
otto
n an
d pa
paya
rem
ains
pro
hibi
ted,
whi
le th
e im
porta
tion
of G
M s
oybe
ans
for u
se in
ani
mal
feed
is
allo
wed
. Acc
ordi
ng to
mar
ket e
xper
ts, H
eilo
ngjia
ng’s
initi
ativ
e is
prim
arily
aim
ed a
t pro
tect
ing
the
prov
ince
’s po
sitio
n as
a s
uppl
ier o
f non
-GM
soy
bean
s to
the
dom
estic
and
inte
rnat
iona
l mar
ket.
184
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Ja
nuar
yG
M c
rops
The
prop
osal
of t
he E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
to e
nabl
e in
divi
dual
EU
mem
ber s
tate
s to
rest
rict o
r ban
th
e sa
le o
f EU
-app
rove
d G
MO
pro
duct
s on
thei
r res
pect
ive
terri
torie
s ha
s be
en s
cree
ned
by th
e le
gal
serv
ice
of th
e Eu
rope
an C
ounc
il. T
he la
tter e
xpre
ssed
ser
ious
dou
bts
abou
t the
dra
ft la
w’s
com
patib
ility
with
bot
h th
e bl
oc’s
sing
le m
arke
t prin
cipl
e an
d W
TO ru
les.
Las
t yea
r, th
e pr
opos
al w
as re
ject
ed o
n si
mila
r gro
unds
by
the
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent,
in a
dditi
on to
bei
ng c
ritic
ized
by th
e bi
otec
hnol
ogy
indu
stry
an
d an
ti-G
MO
cam
paig
n gr
oups
alik
e (s
ee M
PPU
Nov
.’15)
.
32 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
185
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Fe
brua
ryG
M s
oybe
anTh
e Eu
rope
an P
arlia
men
t is
sued
a n
on-b
indi
ng r
esol
utio
n th
at c
alls
on
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
to
with
draw
its
prop
osed
app
rova
l of t
hree
new
GM
soy
bean
var
ietie
s ch
arac
teriz
ed b
y to
lera
nce
to
glyp
hosa
te-b
ased
her
bici
des.
The
reso
lutio
n po
ints
out
that
the
prop
osal
lack
s th
e su
ppor
t of a
qua
lified
m
ajor
ity o
f m
embe
r st
ates
and
tha
t an
age
ncy
of t
he W
orld
Hea
lth O
rgan
izatio
n re
cent
ly c
lass
ified
gl
ypho
sate
as
‘pro
babl
y ca
rcin
ogen
ic t
o hu
man
s’ (
see
MPP
U A
pr.’1
5).
The
EU’s
own
food
saf
ety
auth
ority
last
yea
r asc
erta
ined
that
gly
phos
ate
wer
e ‘u
nlik
ely
to b
e ca
rcin
ogen
ic’ (
see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
5).
186
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Ju
neG
M s
oybe
anTh
ree
new
GM
O s
oybe
an v
arie
ties,
cul
tivat
ion
of w
hich
com
men
ced
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
and
Can
ada,
ar
e ye
t to
be a
ppro
ved
in th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
a re
gula
r buy
er o
f soy
bean
s fro
m N
orth
Am
eric
a (s
ee a
lso
MPP
U M
ar.’1
6). T
he E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
, the
bod
y in
cha
rge
of g
rant
ing
the
appr
oval
s, e
xpla
ined
th
at it
was
fol
low
ing
the
cust
omar
y pr
ecau
tiona
ry,
scie
nce-
base
d ap
proa
ch in
ass
essi
ng t
he n
ew
biot
ech
crop
s. M
eanw
hile
, EU
trad
e gr
oups
war
ned
that
, in
the
abse
nce
of a
fina
l dec
isio
n, im
porte
rs
coul
d de
cide
to re
stric
t pur
chas
es fr
om N
orth
Am
eric
a to
avo
id th
e ris
k of
car
goes
con
tain
ing
trace
s of
un
auth
orize
d G
M m
ater
ial b
eing
reje
cted
at t
he b
orde
rs (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’16
). Th
e tra
de a
dvis
ed
that
tim
ely
appr
oval
– i.
e. b
efor
e co
ncer
ned
crop
s ar
e ha
rves
ted
and
ente
r tra
de –
will
be e
ssen
tial t
o en
sure
the
viab
ility
of fo
od im
ports
and
lives
tock
ope
ratio
ns in
the
EU. R
epor
tedl
y, in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
the
com
pani
es t
hat
laun
ched
the
new
var
ietie
s ar
e w
orki
ng o
n m
easu
res
to p
reve
nt G
M t
raits
from
en
terin
g sh
ipm
ents
des
tined
to th
e Eu
rope
an m
arke
t.
187
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
Ju
lyG
M s
oybe
anO
n 22
Jul
y 20
16, t
he E
U C
omm
issi
on a
utho
rized
thre
e ne
w G
M-s
oybe
an v
arie
ties,
who
se a
ppro
val
was
kee
nly
awai
ted
by th
e in
tern
atio
nal t
rade
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
16).
The
varie
ties
have
bee
n au
thor
ized
for i
mpo
rt an
d pr
oces
sing
for f
ood
and
feed
use
, but
not
for c
ultiv
atio
n. T
he v
arie
ties
conc
erne
d ar
e M
onsa
nto’
s 89
788x
8770
8 (k
now
n as
‘Rou
ndup
-Rea
dy-2
-Xte
nd’)
and
8978
8x87
705
(‘Vis
tive
Gol
d’),
and
Baye
r’s F
G72
(‘Ba
lanc
e G
T’).
The
auth
oriza
tions
are
val
id fo
r 10
year
s. A
ny p
rodu
cts
prod
uced
from
th
ese
GM
Os
will
be s
ubje
ct to
the
EU’s
labe
lling
and
trace
abilit
y ru
les.
The
EU
’s ap
prov
al c
lear
s th
e w
ay
for t
he v
arie
ties’
wor
ldw
ide
culti
vatio
n an
d w
ill al
low
gra
in tr
ader
s an
d pr
oces
sors
in N
orth
Am
eric
a to
lif
t rec
ently
intro
duce
d m
arke
ting
rest
rictio
ns fo
r the
var
ietie
s in
que
stio
n (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’16
).
188
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
De
cem
ber
GM
soy
bean
The
Euro
pean
Foo
d Sa
fety
Age
ncy
(EFS
A) h
as is
sued
a s
cien
tific
opin
ion
on th
e pl
acin
g on
the
mar
ket
of in
sect
-resi
stan
t soy
bean
var
iety
DAS
-814
19-2
(kno
wn
unde
r the
bra
nd n
ame
‘Con
kest
a’) f
or fo
od/
feed
use
s, im
port
and
proc
essi
ng, c
oncl
udin
g th
at it
is a
s sa
fe a
nd a
s nu
tritio
us a
s its
con
vent
iona
l non
-G
M c
ount
erpa
rt. T
he E
FSA
opin
ion
has
been
forw
arde
d fo
r con
side
ratio
n by
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
an
d m
embe
r sta
tes.
189
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an U
nion
De
cem
ber
GM
rape
seed
EU m
embe
r st
ates
and
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
agr
eed
to e
xten
d by
thre
e ye
ars
the
phas
ing-
out
perio
d fo
r tra
ces
of t
hree
obs
olet
e G
M r
apes
eed
varie
ties.
The
pre
viou
sly
auth
orize
d va
rietie
s w
ere
prim
arily
cul
tivat
ed in
Can
ada,
but
are
cur
rent
ly n
o lo
nger
com
mer
cial
ized
as s
uch.
190
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SIn
dia
Augu
stG
M
mus
tard
seed
Task
ed w
ith re
view
ing
the
avai
labl
e ev
iden
ce o
n th
e su
itabi
lity
of a
loca
lly d
evel
oped
GM
mus
tard
seed
fo
r In
dian
soi
ls a
nd w
ith a
sses
sing
pot
entia
l ris
ks t
o he
alth
and
eco
logy
, th
e G
enet
ic E
ngin
eerin
g Ap
prov
al C
omm
ittee
of t
he G
over
nmen
t of I
ndia
issu
ed a
favo
urab
le a
sses
smen
t on
safe
ty te
sts
carri
ed
out s
o fa
r. Su
ch te
chni
cal c
lear
ance
nee
ds to
be
follo
wed
by
mul
tiple
pol
itica
l app
rova
ls b
efor
e th
e cr
op
can
be la
unch
ed c
omm
erci
ally.
Mea
nwhi
le, t
he p
ublic
opp
ositi
on to
GM
cro
ps re
mai
ns s
trong
, and
to
date
onl
y a
limite
d nu
mbe
r of n
on-fo
od b
iote
ch c
rops
(not
ably
cot
ton)
are
allo
wed
to b
e gr
own
in In
dia.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 33
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
191
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SPh
ilippi
nes
Febr
uary
GM
cro
psIn
Dec
embe
r 20
15,
the
Supr
eme
Cou
rt of
the
Phi
lippi
nes
orde
red
a te
mpo
rary
hal
t on
app
rovi
ng
appl
icat
ions
for
the
tes
ting,
con
tain
ed u
se,
impo
rtatio
n an
d co
mm
erci
aliza
tion
of G
M c
rops
and
de
rived
pro
duct
s. T
he b
an w
ill re
mai
n in
pla
ce u
ntil t
he g
over
nmen
t has
refo
rmed
the
curre
nt re
gula
tory
pr
oces
s fo
r GM
Os,
ens
urin
g fu
ll co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith e
xist
ing
bios
afet
y an
d en
viro
nmen
tal s
tand
ards
and
m
eetin
g th
e re
quire
men
t to
hold
tran
spar
ent p
ublic
con
sulta
tion
proc
esse
s. T
he c
ourt
said
it a
pplie
d th
e pr
ecau
tiona
ry p
rinci
ple,
citi
ng (i
) lac
k of
sci
entifi
c ce
rtain
ty o
n G
MO
saf
ety
for
the
envi
ronm
ent,
and
(ii) in
suffi
cien
t atte
ntio
n by
loca
l bio
tech
com
pani
es to
the
safe
ty o
f GM
cro
ps a
nd fo
ods.
Dire
ctly
aff
ecte
d by
the
cour
t’s d
ecis
ion
are
not o
nly
on-g
oing
fiel
d tri
als
with
GM
cro
ps, b
ut a
lso
part
of th
e co
untry
’s m
aize
cul
tivat
ion
as w
ell a
s th
e im
porta
tion
of G
M c
rops
and
der
ived
pro
duct
s, n
otab
ly
soyb
ean
mea
l. Ph
ilippi
ne fe
ed m
illers
impo
rt 2
milli
on to
nnes
of s
oybe
an m
eal e
ach
year
, nea
rly a
ll of
w
hich
is g
enet
ical
ly m
odifi
ed. T
he n
on-re
new
al o
f GM
soy
mea
l im
ports
per
mits
wou
ld o
blig
e bu
yers
to
sour
ce n
on-G
M p
rodu
ct, w
hich
is 1
5–30
per
cent
mor
e ex
pens
ive.
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f the
Phi
lippi
nes
has
filed
a m
otio
n fo
r rec
onsi
dera
tion
of th
e co
urt’s
dec
isio
n an
d se
t up
an in
ter-a
genc
y pa
nel t
o dr
aft
new
gui
delin
es fo
r GM
O u
se a
nd im
ports
. Las
t mon
th, t
he p
anel
beg
an h
oldi
ng p
ublic
con
sulta
tions
on
a dr
aft a
dmin
istra
tive
orde
r. To
dat
e, n
o ca
ses
of s
oym
eal s
hipm
ent d
isru
ptio
ns h
ave
been
repo
rted
by
the
trade
.
192
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SPh
ilippi
nes
Mar
chG
M c
rops
In r
espo
nse
to a
Dec
embe
r 20
15 c
ourt
orde
r th
at b
anne
d G
M p
rodu
cts
pend
ing
a re
form
of
the
coun
try’s
regu
lato
ry p
roce
ss fo
r GM
Os
(see
MPP
U F
eb. ’
16),
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f the
Phi
lippi
nes
has
issu
ed a
set
of r
ules
tha
t ar
e m
eant
to
repl
ace
exis
ting
regu
latio
ns. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ne
w d
irect
ives
, w
hich
are
exp
ecte
d to
take
effe
ct in
Apr
il 20
16, g
ive
mor
e co
nsid
erat
ion
to s
ocio
-eco
nom
ic is
sues
and
en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
in ri
sk a
sses
smen
t pro
cedu
res,
whi
le a
lso
fost
erin
g gr
eate
r pub
lic p
artic
ipat
ion
in b
iosa
fety
dec
isio
n m
akin
g. T
he g
over
nmen
t’s p
rom
pt f
ollo
w-u
p is
exp
ecte
d to
giv
e re
lief
to t
he
Philip
pine
s’ s
oym
eal im
porte
rs a
nd m
aize
farm
ers,
who
se a
ctiv
ities
dep
end
heav
ily o
n G
M-te
chno
logy
.
193
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SPh
ilippi
nes
Augu
stG
M c
rops
The
Philip
pine
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
info
rmed
that
it re
vers
ed it
s De
cem
ber 2
015
deci
sion
to s
top
the
field
te
stin
g, p
ropa
gatio
n, c
omm
erci
aliza
tion
and
impo
rtatio
n of
GM
pro
duct
s in
the
coun
try (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Fe
b./A
pr.’1
6). T
he fu
ll de
cisi
on is
exp
ecte
d to
be
rele
ased
som
etim
e in
Sep
tem
ber 2
016.
194
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SRu
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
May
GM
O
labe
lling
The
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n pu
blis
hed
draf
t am
endm
ents
to
its fo
od la
bellin
g re
gula
tions
. The
rev
isio
ns
conc
ern
new
requ
irem
ents
for
labe
lling
food
pro
duct
s co
ntai
ning
GM
Os.
Und
er th
e pr
opos
al, l
abel
s w
ould
nee
d to
repo
rt G
MO
s w
hen
the
pres
ence
of a
bio
tech
com
pone
nt e
xcee
ds 0
.9 p
erce
nt (i
n te
rms
of p
rodu
ct w
eigh
t). T
he re
gula
tion
wou
ld a
pply
to th
e Ru
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
and
the
othe
r mem
bers
of t
he
Eura
sian
Eco
nom
ic U
nion
.
195
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SRu
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
July
GM
cro
psA
bill s
igne
d in
Jul
y 20
16 p
rohi
bits
the
culti
vatio
n of
GM
cro
ps o
n th
e te
rrito
ry o
f the
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion.
Th
e ne
w la
w a
lso
stre
ngth
ens
stat
e co
ntro
l ove
r the
impo
rtatio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
of G
M o
rgan
ism
s (a
nd
prod
ucts
der
ived
fro
m s
uch
orga
nism
s) a
nd r
equi
res
rele
vant
sta
te a
genc
ies
to m
onito
r th
e eff
ects
of
GM
org
anis
ms
on b
oth
the
envi
ronm
ent a
nd h
uman
hea
lth. T
he im
porta
tion
of G
M o
rgan
ism
s an
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r sci
entifi
c re
sear
ch a
nd fo
r foo
d/fe
ed u
se w
ill co
ntin
ue to
be
allo
wed
, pro
vide
d th
ey h
ave
been
form
ally
regi
ster
ed fo
r suc
h us
es.
196
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SRu
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
Nov
embe
rG
M s
oybe
an
& so
ymea
lRu
ssia
’s Fe
dera
l Se
rvic
e fo
r Ve
terin
ary
and
Phyt
osan
itary
Sur
veilla
nce
sign
ed a
gree
men
ts w
ith
coun
terp
art a
genc
ies
in A
rgen
tina
and
Para
guay
to re
gula
te im
ports
of G
M s
oybe
ans/
soyb
ean
mea
l fro
m th
e tw
o co
untri
es in
to th
e Ru
ssia
n te
rrito
ry. T
rade
in th
e co
ncer
ned
prod
ucts
foun
dere
d ea
rlier
th
is y
ear,
follo
win
g th
e de
tect
ion
of G
MO
line
s th
at w
ere
not r
egis
tere
d in
the
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n. T
o gu
aran
tee
the
abse
nce
of u
nreg
iste
red
GM
O lin
es, a
ll fut
ure
cons
ignm
ents
from
Arg
entin
a an
d Pa
ragu
ay
will
be a
ccom
pani
ed b
y offi
cial
cer
tifica
tes
deta
iling
whi
ch G
MO
line
s ar
e pr
esen
t.
34 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
197
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SU
krai
neDe
cem
ber
GM
soy
bean
Ukr
aine
’s Fo
od S
afet
y an
d C
onsu
mer
Pro
tect
ion
Serv
ice
(FSC
PS)
deci
ded
to c
heck
the
cou
ntry
’s ag
ricul
tura
l exp
orts
for G
MO
-con
tent
, men
tioni
ng s
oybe
ans
as a
par
ticul
ar c
once
rn. I
n pr
inci
ple,
giv
en
that
no
GM
soy
bean
var
iety
has
bee
n cl
eare
d fo
r cul
tivat
ion
in th
e co
untry
, Ukr
aine
has
the
pote
ntia
l to
beco
me
a ke
y su
pplie
r of G
M-fr
ee s
oybe
ans
to th
e EU
and
the
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n. H
owev
er, a
ccor
ding
to
priv
ate
sour
ces,
a s
ubst
antia
l par
t of t
he c
ount
ry’s
soy
crop
is n
ow g
row
n fro
m ill
egal
ly im
porte
d G
M
varie
ties,
and
loca
l sup
ply
chai
ns a
re n
ot e
quip
ped
for s
egre
gatin
g no
n-G
M fr
om G
M p
rodu
ce. F
SCPS
in
form
ed th
at it
wou
ld s
eize
and
dis
pose
of a
ny e
xpor
t con
sign
men
t fou
nd to
con
tain
GM
O p
rodu
cts,
in
a b
id to
pro
tect
the
inte
rest
s of
dom
estic
non
-GM
soy
bean
pro
duce
rs.
198
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Mar
chG
MO
la
bellin
gIn
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, t
he d
eadl
ock
conc
erni
ng la
bellin
g of
GM
ingr
edie
nts
in fo
od p
rodu
cts
at F
eder
al
leve
l is c
ontin
uing
(see
also
MPP
U J
uly,
Aug.
& D
ec.’1
5). I
n M
arch
201
6, th
e U
S Se
nate
cou
ld n
ot a
gree
on
a d
raft
bill
that
wou
ld in
trodu
ce v
olun
tary
GM
-labe
lling
natio
nwid
e. In
the
mea
ntim
e, in
itiat
ives
to
have
GM
food
pro
duct
s m
anda
toril
y la
belle
d ar
e be
ing
purs
ued
in s
ever
al s
tate
s, in
clud
ing
Verm
ont,
whe
re a
law
req
uirin
g la
bels
on
all f
oods
con
tain
ing
GM
Os
is p
oise
d to
tak
e eff
ect
in J
uly
2016
. C
onne
ctic
ut a
nd M
aine
hav
e pa
ssed
ana
logo
us la
ws,
but
thos
e w
ill en
ter i
nto
forc
e on
ly w
hen
othe
r st
ates
ena
ct s
imila
r mea
sure
s. In
tere
stin
gly,
in re
cent
wee
ks, a
num
ber o
f foo
d tra
ding
, man
ufac
turin
g an
d re
tailin
g co
mpa
nies
dec
ided
not
to w
ait f
or fe
dera
l law
mak
ers
to a
ct. I
n Ja
nuar
y 20
16, C
ampb
ell
Soup
– fo
rmer
ly a
n ad
voca
te fo
r vol
unta
ry la
bellin
g –
star
ted
back
ing
natio
nwid
e m
anda
tory
labe
lling
(see
MPP
U F
eb.’1
6), w
hile
the
com
pani
es G
ener
al M
ills, C
onAg
ra, K
ello
gg’s
and
Mar
s al
so a
nnou
nced
pl
ans
to u
se la
bels
dis
clos
ing
the
pres
ence
of G
MO
s in
food
pro
duct
s so
ld th
roug
hout
the
coun
try.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e de
cisi
on t
o im
plem
ent
labe
lling
natio
nwid
e re
flect
s th
e im
prac
tical
nat
ure
and
high
co
sts
asso
ciat
ed w
ith a
ddre
ssin
g st
ate-
spec
ific
labe
lling
requ
irem
ents
.
199
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
July
GM
O
labe
lling
In th
e U
S St
ate
of V
erm
ont,
as o
f 1st
Jul
y 20
16, a
ll G
MO
pre
senc
e in
food
pro
duct
s m
ust b
e cl
early
di
spla
yed
on la
bels
. Sim
ilar l
egis
latio
n ha
s be
en c
onsi
dere
d in
oth
er s
tate
s bu
t fai
led
to p
ass.
In th
e m
eant
ime,
effo
rts b
y fe
dera
l law
mak
ers
to a
gree
on
natio
n-w
ide
labe
lling
rule
s go
on
amid
con
cern
s th
at d
iffer
ent
regu
latio
ns a
cros
s st
ate
lines
cou
ld h
ampe
r do
mes
tic fo
od t
rade
and
infla
te c
osts
for
labe
lling
and
dist
ribut
ion
(see
also
MPP
U A
pr.’1
6). I
n Ju
ne 2
016,
the
US
Sena
te re
view
ed a
dra
ft bi
ll th
at w
ould
giv
e fo
od m
anuf
actu
rers
the
optio
n to
eith
er p
rovi
de o
n-pa
ckag
e la
bellin
g of
GM
ingr
edie
nts
or fu
rnis
h Q
R (Q
uick
Res
pons
e) c
odes
, pho
ne n
umbe
rs o
r web
site
add
ress
es w
here
con
sum
ers
can
obta
in a
dditi
onal
info
rmat
ion
abou
t GM
O in
gred
ient
s. T
he d
raft
bill s
till h
as to
be
revi
ewed
by
the
Low
er
Hou
se.
If pa
ssed
by
both
cha
mbe
rs o
f C
ongr
ess,
the
nat
iona
l bill
coul
d nu
llify
Verm
ont’s
law.
The
co
untry
’s fa
rm c
omm
unity
and
food
indu
stry
crit
icize
d pa
st m
anda
tory
labe
lling
prop
osal
s, a
rgui
ng th
at
ther
e ar
e no
mea
sura
ble
heal
th c
once
rns
from
GM
food
s. W
ith u
p to
80
perc
ent o
f sup
erm
arke
t foo
ds
repo
rted
to c
onta
in G
M in
gred
ient
s (n
otab
ly G
M s
oy, m
aize
, rap
esee
d an
d su
gar
beet
), m
anda
tory
la
bellin
g sc
hem
es w
ould
affe
ct m
uch
of th
e co
untry
’s fo
od in
dust
ry. R
ecen
tly, s
ome
food
man
ufac
ture
rs
com
mitt
ed to
vol
unta
rily
labe
l the
ir G
M p
rodu
cts
natio
nwid
e (s
ee M
PPU
Apr
.’16)
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 35
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
200
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
July
GM
O
labe
lling
The
U.S
. Con
gres
s pa
ssed
a fe
dera
l bill
regu
latin
g m
anda
tory
labe
lling
of fo
od p
rodu
cts
cont
aini
ng
GM
Os.
The
bill,
whi
ch h
as b
een
sign
ed i
nto
law
by
the
U.S
. Pr
esid
ent
on 1
Aug
ust
2016
, w
ill ov
errid
e m
ore
strin
gent
mea
sure
s re
cent
ly p
asse
d in
the
sta
te o
f Ver
mon
t an
d co
nsid
ered
by
othe
r st
ates
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
16).
The
new
legi
slat
ion
give
s re
gula
tors
two
year
s to
writ
e de
taile
d ru
les
for
the
indu
stry
to fo
llow,
and
sm
all f
ood
man
ufac
ture
rs w
ill ha
ve th
ree
year
s to
com
ply.
Whe
n re
wor
king
an
d up
datin
g th
eir l
abel
s to
info
rm c
usto
mer
s ab
out G
M c
onte
nt, c
ompa
nies
will
have
the
choi
ce o
f us
ing
stra
ight
forw
ard
lang
uage
, sym
bols
or
digi
tal b
ar c
odes
that
can
be
scan
ned
by s
mar
tpho
nes.
Th
e U
S De
partm
ent
of A
gric
ultu
re w
ill de
term
ine
whi
ch b
iote
ch c
rops
fal
l und
er t
he n
ew la
bellin
g re
quire
men
t. U
SDA
will
also
be
requ
ired
to e
valu
ate
the
effec
tiven
ess
of d
igita
l sym
bols
a y
ear a
fter
the
law
is im
plem
ente
d. T
he c
ount
ry’s
food
indu
stry
wel
com
ed th
e co
mpr
omis
e bi
ll, s
ayin
g th
at it
will
avoi
d in
effici
enci
es in
the
food
sys
tem
and
pre
vent
hig
her f
ood
cost
s. H
owev
er, c
ritic
s w
arne
d th
at th
e op
tion
to u
se e
lect
roni
c la
bels
cou
ld li
mit
the
bill’s
sco
pe a
nd c
reat
e co
nfus
ion.
The
y re
ckon
that
few
cu
stom
ers
wou
ld c
lick
on th
e di
gita
l cod
es d
ispl
ayed
on
labe
ls. T
hey
also
exp
ress
ed c
once
rn th
at fo
od
ingr
edie
nts
that
, by
the
time
they
are
pro
cess
ed, c
onta
in a
lmos
t no
GM
mat
eria
l (su
ch a
s so
ybea
n oi
l an
d be
et s
ugar
) mig
ht n
ot fa
ll un
der t
he la
w’s
defin
ition
of G
M fo
od.
201
GM
O P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Augu
stG
MO
la
bellin
gU
SDA’
s Fo
od S
afet
y an
d In
spec
tion
Serv
ice
(FSI
S) h
as is
sued
a s
tate
men
t aut
horiz
ing
com
pani
es to
m
ake
labe
lling
clai
ms
that
no
GM
ingr
edie
nts
wer
e us
ed in
mea
t, po
ultry
and
egg
pro
duct
s. T
he a
genc
y ha
s pr
ovid
ed d
etai
led
guid
ance
on
how
to m
ake
such
‘neg
ativ
e cl
aim
s’. T
he a
bsen
ce o
f GM
ingr
edie
nts
need
s to
be
verifi
ed b
y a
third
-par
ty c
ertif
ying
org
aniza
tion.
202
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Wes
t/Cen
tral
Afric
aN
ovem
ber
Oil
palm
Th
e go
vern
men
ts o
f sev
en A
frica
n pa
lm o
il pro
duci
ng c
ount
ries,
whi
ch to
geth
er re
pres
ent 7
0 pe
rcen
t of
Afric
a’s
tropi
cal f
ores
ts, p
ledg
ed to
pro
tect
thei
r for
ests
by
shift
ing
to s
usta
inab
le o
il pal
m d
evel
opm
ent,
with
sup
port
from
the
priv
ate
sect
or a
nd c
ivil
soci
ety
and
usin
g th
e pl
atfo
rm o
f the
Tro
pica
l For
est
Allia
nce.
A jo
int,
unpr
eced
ente
d de
clar
atio
n to
thi
s eff
ect
has
been
sig
ned
at t
he C
OP2
2 cl
imat
e ch
ange
talk
s in
Mar
rake
sh b
y offi
cial
s fro
m th
e C
entra
l Afri
can
Repu
blic
, the
Con
go, C
ôte
d’Iv
oire
, the
De
moc
ratic
Rep
ublic
of t
he C
ongo
, Gha
na, L
iber
ia, a
nd S
ierra
Leo
ne. T
he s
igna
torie
s ag
reed
to p
lace
su
stai
nabi
lity,
hum
an r
ight
s pr
otec
tion
and
colla
bora
tion
with
indu
stry
, in
dige
nous
peo
ple
and
civi
l so
ciet
y gr
oups
at t
he c
ente
r of t
he e
xpan
ding
pal
m o
il ind
ustry
in W
est a
nd C
entra
l Afri
ca. E
vide
ntly,
the
conc
erne
d go
vern
men
ts h
ave
reco
gnize
d th
e si
gnifi
cant
mar
ket s
igna
ls th
at m
any
glob
al b
usin
esse
s ha
ve p
rovi
ded
thro
ugh
thei
r pol
icy
to s
ourc
e su
stai
nabl
y pr
oduc
ed p
alm
oil.
203
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Col
ombi
aJu
lyO
il pa
lm
Acco
rdin
g to
the
loca
l pre
ss,
a C
olom
bian
env
ironm
enta
l aut
horit
y or
dere
d a
palm
oil
com
pany
to
susp
end
vario
us o
pera
tions
due
to a
llege
d vi
olat
ions
of e
nviro
nmen
tal r
egul
atio
ns, in
clud
ing
was
tew
ater
du
mpi
ng a
nd a
llow
ing
com
post
-run
off to
leac
h in
to th
e lo
cal f
ores
t.
204
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Ecua
dor
Oct
ober
Oil
palm
In
Ecu
ador
, w
here
clo
se t
o 90
per
cent
of
palm
oil
is s
ourc
ed f
rom
sm
allh
olde
rs,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
is w
orki
ng o
n a
juris
dict
iona
l ap
proa
ch f
or s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil
prod
uctio
n, a
ccor
ding
to
RSPO
(R
ound
tabl
e on
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il), th
e w
orld
’s pr
inci
pal b
ody
for s
usta
inab
ility
certi
ficat
ion.
Set
to
prom
ote
incl
usiv
e ce
rtific
atio
n m
etho
ds fo
r sm
allh
olde
rs, t
he in
itiat
ive
will
build
on
clos
e co
llabo
ratio
n be
twee
n lo
cal s
take
hold
ers
and
prov
inci
al g
over
nmen
ts t
o cu
rb t
he u
se o
f env
ironm
enta
lly h
arm
ful
prac
tices
whi
le a
lso
impr
ovin
g th
e w
elfa
re o
f sm
all-s
cale
pro
duce
rs. I
n cl
ose
colla
bora
tion
with
key
st
akeh
olde
rs s
uch
as p
alm
oil
com
pani
es,
NG
Os
and
UN
-RED
D (th
e U
nite
d N
atio
ns C
olla
bora
tive
Sche
me
on R
educ
ing
Emis
sion
s fro
m D
efor
esta
tion
and
Fore
st D
egra
datio
n in
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntrie
s),
pilo
t pro
gram
mes
rely
ing
on R
SPO
prin
cipl
es a
nd c
riter
ia h
ave
been
laun
ched
. Wor
ksho
ps w
ill be
hel
d to
intro
duce
the
conc
ept o
f sus
tain
abilit
y to
sm
allh
olde
rs a
nd to
impr
ove
capa
city
bui
ldin
g. C
ompa
rabl
e in
itiat
ives
are
alre
ady
unde
rway
in s
elec
ted
regi
ons
of M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a.
36 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
205
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aJa
nuar
yO
il pa
lm
The
gove
rnm
ent o
f Ind
ones
ia se
t up
an a
genc
y tas
ked
with
rest
orin
g so
me
2 m
illion
hec
tare
s of d
amag
ed
peat
land
acr
oss
the
coun
try. I
n In
done
sia,
car
bon-
rich
peat
sw
amp
fore
sts
cont
inue
to b
e se
t on
fire
whe
n la
nd is
cle
ared
to d
evel
op p
lant
atio
ns c
rops
like
oil
palm
– a
pra
ctic
e th
at s
ends
sm
oke
acro
ss
the
entir
e re
gion
, cre
atin
g hu
man
hea
lth h
azar
ds a
nd o
ther
pro
blem
s. In
201
5, d
ry w
eath
er c
ause
d by
El
Niñ
o ex
acer
bate
d th
e pr
oble
m, l
eadi
ng t
o hi
gh le
vels
of p
ollu
tion
in n
eigh
bour
ing
Sing
apor
e an
d M
alay
sia.
The
new
ly c
reat
ed a
genc
y w
ill be
resp
onsi
ble
for
coor
dina
ting
peat
land
rest
orat
ion
effor
ts
acro
ss s
ever
al m
inis
tries
unt
il 20
20, c
once
ntra
ting
on s
even
pro
vinc
es in
Sum
atra
, Kal
iman
tan
and
Papu
a. W
ork
is e
xpec
ted
to fo
cus
on im
prov
ing
the
hydr
olog
y sy
stem
and
con
trollin
g th
e ne
twor
k of
ca
nals
, so
as to
min
imize
the
risk
of fu
ture
fire
s. T
he a
genc
y is
als
o su
ppos
ed to
ove
rsee
the
use
of
peat
land
s an
d th
e m
anag
emen
t of p
erm
its a
nd c
once
ssio
ns.
206
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aM
ayO
il pa
lm
Indo
nesi
an g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s in
form
ed th
at a
pea
tland
man
agem
ent m
etho
d de
velo
ped
in M
alay
sia,
ca
lled
com
pact
ion,
wou
ld b
e te
sted
in t
he c
ount
ry in
a b
id t
o cu
rb a
nnua
l fire
s in
pea
tland
are
as.
Mal
aysi
an e
xper
ts s
aid
the
met
hod
coul
d su
it In
done
sia’
s hi
ghly
por
ous
peat
land
s be
caus
e it
mad
e th
e so
il mor
e so
lid, p
reve
ntin
g it
from
losi
ng w
ater
qui
ckly,
hen
ce m
akin
g it
mor
e re
sist
ant t
o fir
e du
ring
the
dry
seas
on.
207
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aM
ayO
il pa
lm
The
Pres
iden
t of I
ndon
esia
ann
ounc
ed a
new
mor
ator
ium
on
oil p
alm
con
cess
ions
as p
art o
f the
cou
ntry
’s eff
orts
to re
duce
the
sect
or’s
impa
ct o
n th
e en
viro
nmen
t. H
e ad
ded
that
he
expe
cts
the
sect
or’s
furth
er
grow
th to
orig
inat
e pr
imar
ily fr
om p
rodu
ctiv
ity im
prov
emen
ts –
rely
ing
on b
oth
the
intro
duct
ion
of h
ighe
r-yi
eldi
ng p
lant
ing
mat
eria
l and
the
dev
elop
men
t of
unc
ultiv
ated
land
und
er e
xist
ing
conc
essi
on.
No
timel
ine
and
impl
emen
tatio
n de
tails
wer
e pr
ovid
ed, b
ut a
pre
side
ntia
l reg
ulat
ion
is u
nder
pre
para
tion
to
form
the
lega
l bas
is fo
r the
mor
ator
ium
. The
new
mea
sure
wou
ld c
ompl
emen
t a 5
-yea
r old
mor
ator
ium
on
prim
ary
fore
sts
clea
ring
and
peat
land
con
vers
ion
(see
MPP
U M
ay’1
5). I
n pr
epar
atio
n of
the
new
m
orat
oriu
m,
rele
vant
min
istri
es a
nd lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts h
ave
been
inst
ruct
ed t
o re
view
all
exis
ting
plan
tatio
n pe
rmits
, so
as to
ens
ure
that
they
are
bas
ed o
n le
gal a
nd v
alid
land
acq
uisi
tion
proc
esse
s.
Acco
rdin
g to
gov
ernm
ent o
ffici
als,
sin
ce th
e m
orat
oriu
m’s
anno
unce
men
t, nu
mer
ous
appl
icat
ions
for
land
con
vers
ion
perm
its h
ave
been
reje
cted
. Som
e in
dust
ry e
xper
ts w
arne
d th
at th
e ne
w b
an c
ould
slow
do
wn
the
coun
try’s
econ
omic
gro
wth
and
lead
to c
ritic
al p
alm
oil s
uppl
y sh
orta
ges
and
pric
es in
crea
ses
at b
oth
natio
nal a
nd g
loba
l lev
el. O
ther
s w
elco
med
the
gove
rnm
ent’s
effo
rt to
focu
s on
inte
nsifi
catio
n ra
ther
than
on
land
exp
ansi
on. C
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps e
xpre
ssed
dou
bts
abou
t the
new
pre
side
ntia
l pla
n,
poin
ting
to c
ritic
al e
nfor
cem
ent p
robl
ems
face
d un
der t
he e
xist
ing
mor
ator
ium
(alle
gedl
y re
sulti
ng fr
om
dece
ntra
lized
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g) a
nd to
obs
tacl
es fa
ced
in ra
isin
g yi
elds
, esp
ecia
lly a
t sm
allh
olde
r lev
el.
208
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Indo
nesi
aJu
lyO
il pa
lm
Indo
nesi
a is
exp
ecte
d to
soo
n re
leas
e a
pres
iden
tial r
egul
atio
n th
at w
ould
ser
ve a
s a
basi
s fo
r th
e re
cent
ly a
nnou
nced
5-y
ear m
orat
oriu
m o
n ne
w o
il pal
m p
lant
atio
ns in
the
coun
try (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’16
). Ac
cord
ing
to p
ress
rep
orts
, the
dec
ree
coul
d co
mpr
ise
a ba
n on
app
rova
ls o
f pl
antin
g ex
pans
ions
in
to f
ores
ted
area
s w
ithin
exi
stin
g co
nces
sion
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
pla
ntat
ion
area
s th
at a
re n
ot u
sed
as
stip
ulat
ed in
con
cess
ion
perm
its a
s w
ell a
s co
nces
sion
s th
at h
ave
been
tran
sfer
red
to n
ew o
wne
rs m
ay
also
be
subj
ecte
d to
the
mor
ator
ium
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
gove
rnm
ent w
ill m
ake
use
of a
sin
gle
refe
renc
e m
ap t
hat
harm
onize
s th
e m
aps
used
by
diffe
rent
sta
te a
genc
ies
so a
s to
iden
tify
over
lapp
ing
land
co
nces
sion
s. O
vera
ll, th
e m
orat
oriu
m is
sai
d to
con
cern
abo
ut 3
.5 m
illion
hec
tare
s of
land
, sta
rting
with
95
0 00
0 he
ctar
es th
at h
ave
been
pro
pose
d by
pla
ntat
ion
com
pani
es fo
r exp
ansi
ons.
The
nat
ion’
s to
tal
area
und
er o
il pa
lm c
ultiv
atio
n is
est
imat
ed a
t 11.
4 m
illion
hec
tare
s. In
dust
ry s
ourc
es re
itera
ted
thei
r co
ncer
n th
at th
e ne
w m
orat
oriu
m th
reat
ens
outp
ut g
row
th a
nd in
vest
men
t in
the
palm
sec
tor.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 37
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
209
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
Mal
aysi
aM
ayO
il pa
lm
In a
bid
to c
ontro
l the
gro
win
g an
nual
haz
e po
llutio
n pr
oble
ms
affec
ting
larg
e sw
athe
s of
Sou
thea
st
Asia
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Mal
aysi
a pr
opos
ed to
am
end
the
coun
try’s
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Act s
o as
to
allo
w t
he c
onfis
catio
n of
land
whe
re b
ig fi
res
are
disc
over
ed. T
he a
nnua
l out
brea
k of
fire
s in
M
alay
sia
(and
Indo
nesi
a) h
as b
een
dire
ctly
ass
ocia
ted
with
sla
sh-a
nd-b
urn
fore
st/p
eatla
nd-c
lear
ing
prac
tices
em
ploy
ed w
hen
new
oil
palm
pla
ntat
ions
are
dev
elop
ed. U
sed
as a
n ea
sy a
nd c
ost-e
ffect
ive
way
to c
lear
land
, suc
h ille
gal p
ract
ices
rele
ase
larg
e am
ount
s of
gre
enho
use
gase
s an
d pr
oduc
es a
de
nse
toxi
c sm
og th
at th
reat
ens
hum
an h
ealth
, com
prom
ises
cro
p yi
elds
and
affe
cts
air t
raffi
c. O
ffici
als
said
that
, und
er th
e pr
opos
ed a
men
dmen
t, th
e go
vern
men
t wou
ld s
eize
con
trol o
f lan
d irr
espe
ctiv
e of
pl
anta
tion
size
.
210
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xFr
ance
Janu
ary
Palm
oil
In J
anua
ry, F
ranc
e’s
Sena
te e
ndor
sed
a bi
odiv
ersi
ty b
ill th
at in
clud
es a
n in
crea
se in
the
coun
try’s
palm
oi
l exc
ise
tax
from
€ 1
03 (U
SD 1
15) t
o €
300
(USD
334
) per
ton
ne, c
iting
con
cern
s ab
out
the
oil’s
en
viro
nmen
tal f
ootp
rint a
nd a
llege
d he
alth
pro
blem
s as
soci
ated
with
the
cons
umpt
ion
of s
atur
ated
fatty
ac
ids.
The
€ 3
00 p
er to
nne
tax
wou
ld c
ome
into
effe
ct in
201
7, w
ith p
lann
ed s
ubse
quen
t ris
es to
€ 5
00 in
20
18, €
700
in 2
019
and
€ 90
0 in
202
0. T
he b
ill no
w a
wai
ts a
vot
e in
Fra
nce’
s N
atio
nal A
ssem
bly,
whi
ch,
back
in 2
013,
had
reje
cted
a p
ropo
sal t
o ta
x pa
lm o
il co
nsum
ptio
n (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’12)
. With
exp
ort
pric
es o
f pal
m o
il cu
rrent
ly b
elow
USD
700
per
tonn
e, th
e ne
wly
pro
pose
d ta
x le
vels
cou
ld m
ake
palm
oi
l unc
ompe
titiv
e an
d fo
ster
repl
acem
ents
with
che
aper
alte
rnat
ives
, say
mar
ket e
xper
ts. I
ndon
esia
and
M
alay
sia,
the
wor
ld’s
key
supp
liers
of p
alm
oil,
file
d co
mpl
aint
s ag
ains
t the
pro
pose
d le
gisl
atio
n, s
tatin
g th
at it
wou
ld b
e di
scrim
inat
ory,
disp
ropo
rtion
ate
and
harm
ful t
o th
eir p
alm
oil
indu
strie
s.
211
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xFr
ance
April
Palm
oil
The
draf
t Sen
ate
bill
prop
osin
g th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
a s
urta
x on
impo
rted
crud
e pa
lm o
il (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
M
ar.’1
6) h
as b
een
endo
rsed
by
Fran
ce’s
Low
er H
ouse
. How
ever
, the
tax
has
been
sha
rply
redu
ced
com
pare
d to
the
initi
al p
ropo
sal a
nd n
ow w
ould
not
app
ly to
pal
m o
il th
at is
pro
duce
d in
a s
usta
inab
le
man
ner.
Und
er th
e re
vise
d pr
opos
al, t
he ta
x w
ould
be
intro
duce
d gr
adua
lly to
sm
ooth
en it
s im
pact
: it
wou
ld s
tart
at €
30
(USD
34)
per
tonn
e in
201
7 an
d au
gmen
t by
€ 20
(USD
23)
per
yea
r unt
il it
reac
hes
€ 90
(USD
102
) in
2020
. In
addi
tion
to c
rude
pal
m o
il, th
e ta
x w
ould
als
o ap
ply
to p
alm
kern
el a
nd c
opra
(c
ocon
ut) o
il us
ed a
s fo
od. L
egis
lato
rs d
id n
ot p
rovi
de a
defi
nitio
n fo
r su
stai
nabl
e fo
rms
of p
alm
oil
prod
uctio
n. T
he d
raft
bill,
whi
ch a
ttrac
ted
stro
ng c
ritic
ism
from
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ing
coun
tries
, is
set t
o go
bac
k to
the
Upp
er H
ouse
for f
urth
er re
view
.
212
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Con
sum
ptio
n ta
xFr
ance
June
Palm
oil
Fran
ce’s
law
mak
ers e
vent
ually
dro
pped
pla
ns to
intro
duce
a su
rtax
on im
porte
d cr
ude
palm
oil d
estin
ed
for u
se in
food
pro
duct
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Apr
.’16)
. Acc
ordi
ng to
pre
ss re
ports
, leg
al u
ncer
tain
ty a
roun
d th
e pr
opos
ed ta
x –
whi
ch c
once
rned
onl
y on
e ty
pe o
f veg
etab
le o
il an
d al
low
ed fo
r exe
mpt
ions
bas
ed
on v
ague
sus
tain
abilit
y cr
iteria
– le
d to
the
Parli
amen
t’s d
ecis
ion
to w
ithdr
aw th
e bi
ll.
213
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Labo
ur m
arke
tM
alay
sia
Febr
uary
Oil
palm
In
Mal
aysi
a, w
here
the
pla
ntat
ion
sect
or r
elie
s he
avily
on
fore
igne
rs a
s w
orkf
orce
, th
e go
vern
men
t ra
ised
the
levy
app
lied
to fo
reig
n w
orke
rs e
mpl
oyed
in p
lant
atio
ns fr
om R
M 5
90 (U
SD 1
45) t
o RM
640
(U
SD 1
57),
effec
tive
Febr
uary
201
6. U
sual
ly, t
he c
ost
of s
uch
levy
is b
orn
by t
he lo
cal p
lant
atio
ns
com
pani
es, w
hich
war
ned
that
thei
r 201
6 ea
rnin
gs c
ould
fall
by b
etw
een
3–8
perc
ent b
ecau
se o
f the
in
crea
se.
38 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n *
214
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Labo
ur m
arke
tM
alay
sia
Mar
chO
il pa
lm
Mal
aysi
a de
cide
d to
tem
pora
rily
halt
the
inta
ke o
f for
eign
wor
kers
pen
ding
a re
view
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
labo
ur n
eeds
, rep
orte
d a
stat
e ne
ws
agen
cy. M
eanw
hile
, the
gov
ernm
ent a
lso
put o
n ho
ld it
s pl
an to
ra
ise
the
levy
app
lied
on fo
reig
n w
orke
rs (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’16)
, afte
r bus
ines
ses
affec
ted
by th
e hi
gher
ch
arge
s op
pose
d th
e m
easu
re. O
ffici
als
from
the
palm
oil i
ndus
try (w
hich
relie
s he
avily
on
fore
ign
labo
ur
forc
e) s
tate
d th
at li
mite
d ac
cess
to fo
reig
n la
bour
is p
osin
g m
ajor
cha
lleng
es to
the
sect
or.
215
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t in
frast
ruct
ure
Braz
ilFe
brua
rySo
ybea
nIn
depe
nden
t obs
erve
rs p
oint
ed o
ut th
at th
e on
-goi
ng e
xpan
sion
of B
razil
’s so
ybea
n an
d m
aize
exp
orts
w
as f
acilit
ated
by
rece
nt i
mpr
ovem
ents
in
the
coun
try’s
port
infra
stru
ctur
e. I
mpr
ovem
ents
mai
nly
conc
ern
the
so-c
alle
d ‘A
rco
Nor
te’ (
Nor
ther
n Ar
c), w
hich
com
pris
es ri
ver p
orts
on
the
Amaz
on a
nd s
ea
ports
on
the
coun
try’s
north
ern
Atla
ntic
coa
st (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
May
’14
& Se
p.’1
5). A
fter m
ajor
priv
ate
inve
stm
ents
add
ed c
apac
ity a
t sev
eral
rive
r ter
min
als,
bar
ge h
aul s
yste
ms
and
coas
tal p
orts
, shi
pmen
ts
via
the
north
ern
expo
rt co
rrido
r are
est
imat
ed to
hav
e ex
pand
ed b
y 50
per
cent
in 2
015,
sig
nific
antly
re
lievi
ng th
e bu
rden
on
high
ly c
onge
sted
sou
thbo
und
high
way
s an
d ov
ercr
owde
d po
rts a
long
Bra
zil’s
sout
hern
-eas
tern
and
sou
ther
n co
ast.
Repo
rtedl
y, sh
ippi
ng g
rain
s an
d oi
lsee
ds fr
om M
ato
Gro
sso
and
othe
r Cen
tre-W
est/N
orth
east
sta
tes
thro
ugh
the
Arco
Nor
te (r
athe
r tha
n th
roug
h th
e tra
ditio
nal s
outh
ern
rout
es) c
uts
trans
porta
tion
cost
s by
35–
45 p
erce
nt. M
arke
t ob
serv
ers
reck
on t
hat
ther
e is
roo
m fo
r Ar
co N
orte
exp
orts
to in
crea
se fu
rther
in 2
016,
pro
vide
d th
e fe
dera
l gov
ernm
ent m
anag
es to
com
plet
e a
num
ber o
f crit
ical
road
and
rail
links
. Thi
s co
ncer
ns in
par
ticul
ar h
ighw
ay B
R-16
3 co
nnec
ting
Mat
o G
ross
o to
two
Amaz
on b
arge
term
inal
s, M
iritit
uba
and
Sant
arem
, whe
re a
dditi
onal
cap
acity
is s
aid
to b
e al
read
y av
aila
ble.
In th
is re
gard
, ind
ustry
repr
esen
tativ
es e
xpre
ssed
con
cern
that
, und
er th
e co
untry
’s cu
rrent
eco
nom
ic c
risis
, pub
lic s
pend
ing
for t
rans
port
infra
stru
ctur
e co
uld
be s
ever
ely
cut,
whi
ch w
ould
sl
ow d
own
the
expa
nsio
n in
agr
icul
tura
l exp
orts
.
216
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t in
frast
ruct
ure
Braz
ilJu
lySo
ybea
nIn
Bra
zil’s
Mat
o G
ross
o st
ate,
offi
cial
s de
em im
prov
ed t
rans
port
optio
ns v
ia t
he c
ount
ry’s
north
ern
expo
rt co
rrido
rs (t
he s
o-ca
lled
‘Arc
o N
orte
’) to
be
the
mai
n dr
ivin
g fo
rce
behi
nd th
e on
-goi
ng e
xpan
sion
of
soy
bean
pla
ntin
gs in
the
sta
te.
The
impr
ovem
ents
con
sist
of
road
upg
rade
s th
at p
rovi
de d
irect
ac
cess
to n
ew te
rmin
als
on th
e Am
azon
Riv
er a
nd to
sea
ports
alo
ng th
e no
rther
n At
lant
ic c
oast
. The
se
north
boun
d ro
utes
redu
ce th
e st
ate’
s ne
ed to
shi
p gr
ains
thro
ugh
the
high
ly c
onge
sted
sou
thbo
und
high
way
s to
dis
tant
por
ts o
n Br
azil’s
sou
thea
ster
n an
d so
uthe
rn c
oast
(se
e al
so M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
. Ac
cord
ing
to in
dust
ry e
stim
ates
, in
2016
, a re
cord
34
perc
ent o
f Mat
o G
ross
o’s
soyb
ean
ship
men
ts w
ill tra
nsit
thro
ugh
the
Arco
Nor
te, w
ith th
e re
mai
ning
66
perc
ent h
eadi
ng s
outh
. In
2014
, the
cor
resp
ondi
ng
shar
es w
ere,
resp
ectiv
ely,
18 a
nd 8
2 pe
rcen
t.
* N
ote
that
for r
elat
ed h
isto
ric in
form
atio
n th
e re
ader
is d
irect
ed –
bet
wee
n br
acke
ts, i
n ita
lic p
rint –
to p
ast i
ssue
s of
the
‘Oilc
rops
Mon
thly
Pric
e an
d Po
licy
Upd
ate
(MPP
U)’,
whi
ch c
an b
e re
triev
ed o
n-lin
e at
http
://w
ww.
fao.
org/
econ
omic
/est
/pub
licat
ions
/oilc
rops
-pub
licat
ions
/mon
thly
-pric
e-an
d-po
licy-
upda
te/e
n/.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 39
Tabl
e 2.
In
dust
ry m
easu
res
and
initi
ativ
es re
port
ed in
201
6N
o.D
omai
nM
onth
Cou
ntry
Des
crip
tion
*
1IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
Janu
ary
Glo
bal
Certi
ficat
ion:
The
Rou
nd T
able
on
Resp
onsib
le S
oy (R
TRS)
, one
of t
he tw
o le
adin
g in
tern
atio
nal b
odie
s sp
ecia
lized
in th
e ce
rtific
atio
n of
resp
onsib
le s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n, re
porte
d a
furth
er in
crea
se in
pro
duct
ion
and
sale
s of
RTR
S-ce
rtifie
d so
y in
20
15. A
ccor
ding
to R
TRS,
(i) th
e nu
mbe
r of c
ertifi
ed h
ecta
res
and
prod
ucer
s in
crea
sed
by, r
espe
ctive
ly, 5
0 an
d 15
0 pe
rcen
t co
mpa
red
to 2
014;
(ii)
the
volu
me
of c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ce ro
se b
y ab
out 6
0 pe
rcen
t, w
ith c
ertifi
catio
n st
ill he
avily
con
cent
rate
d in
Bra
zil a
nd A
rgen
tina;
and
(iii)
glob
al s
ales
of R
TRS-
certi
fied
soyb
eans
clim
bed
to 2
.3 m
illion
tonn
es –
incr
easin
g by
70
per
cent
yea
r-on-
year
(com
pare
d to
the
50 p
erce
nt ri
ses
obse
rved
in 2
014
and
2013
). Ho
wev
er, a
lmos
t 90
perc
ent o
f the
20
15 s
ales
hav
e be
en in
the
form
of t
rade
in c
redi
ts, m
eani
ng th
at th
e ac
tual
phy
sical
trad
e in
seg
rega
ted
and
fully
trac
eabl
e so
ybea
ns c
ontin
ues
to p
lay
a m
inor
role
; by
purc
hasin
g cr
edits
, buy
ers
only
supp
ort t
he a
dopt
ion
of s
usta
inab
le p
rodu
ctio
n pr
actic
es (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
June
’14
& Fe
b.’1
5).
2IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
Janu
ary
Uni
ted
Stat
esTr
ade:
Th
e U
S so
ybea
n in
dust
ry re
porte
d th
at, i
n th
e 20
15/1
6 m
arke
ting
year
, soy
exp
orts
cer
tified
acc
ordi
ng to
the
US
Soy
Sust
aina
bilit
y As
sura
nce
Prot
ocol
(SSA
P) in
crea
sed
to a
reco
rd 2
milli
on to
nnes
, rep
rese
ntin
g ab
out 4
per
cent
of
tota
l US
expo
rts. L
aunc
hed
as a
stri
ctly
nat
iona
l pla
tform
in 2
013,
SSA
P as
sist
s th
e se
ctor
to d
ocum
ent s
usta
inab
le
perfo
rman
ce fo
r int
erna
tiona
l cus
tom
ers
(see
MPP
U S
ep.’1
3). T
he s
yste
m a
llow
s ex
porte
rs to
obt
ain
ship
men
t-spe
cific
ce
rtific
ates
, usi
ng a
mas
s ba
lanc
e ap
proa
ch.
3IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
May
Braz
ilSo
y m
orat
oriu
m:
Initi
ally
laun
ched
in 2
006
for t
wo
year
s an
d re
new
ed a
nnua
lly s
ince
200
8, th
e vo
lunt
ary
mor
ator
ium
on
tradi
ng a
nd fi
nanc
ing
of s
oybe
ans
grow
n on
ille
gally
cle
ared
land
in th
e Am
azon
regi
on h
as b
een
rene
wed
inde
finite
ly.
The
deci
sion
was
tak
en b
y a
mul
ti-st
akeh
olde
r co
aliti
on t
hat
brin
gs t
oget
her
the
priv
ate
sect
or, c
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps
and
the
Braz
ilian
gove
rnm
ent.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e m
orat
oriu
m h
as p
rove
n eff
ectiv
e in
redu
cing
def
ores
tatio
n an
d en
ablin
g re
spon
sibl
e so
y pr
oduc
tion,
whi
le e
nsur
ing
full
com
plia
nce
with
nat
iona
l reg
ulat
ions
, not
ably
the
Braz
ilian
Fore
st C
ode
and
the
fede
ral m
onito
ring
of fa
rms
unde
r a ru
ral e
nviro
nmen
tal r
egis
tratio
n sy
stem
.
4IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
May
Glo
bal
Sour
cing
pol
icy:
Fol
low
ing
othe
r firm
s ba
sed
in N
ordi
c co
untri
es, a
larg
e Sc
andi
navi
an m
eat p
roce
ssor
ple
dged
to u
se –
by
the
end
of 2
018
– on
ly re
spon
sibl
y so
urce
d so
ybea
ns, a
key
ingr
edie
nt in
ani
mal
feed
. The
com
pany
’s co
mm
itmen
t is
said
to re
flect
con
cern
s ov
er d
efor
esta
tion,
risi
ng g
reen
hous
e ga
s em
issi
ons,
dep
letio
n of
bio
dive
rsity
and
soi
l ero
sion
in
conv
entio
nal s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n. T
o ac
hiev
e 10
0% re
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng, t
he c
ompa
ny w
ill re
ly o
n in
depe
nden
t bod
ies
that
cer
tify
resp
onsi
ble
soy
prod
uctio
n, n
otab
ly t
he R
ound
Tab
le o
n Re
spon
sible
Soy
(RTR
S) a
nd P
roTe
rra (s
ee a
lso
MPP
U F
eb.’1
5).
5IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
May
Glo
bal
Sour
cing
pol
icy:
The
Wor
ld W
ildlif
e Fu
nd c
alle
d on
com
pani
es in
the
soy
supp
ly c
hain
to b
e tra
nspa
rent
abo
ut th
eir u
se
of s
oy a
nd to
con
side
r sou
rcin
g so
y fro
m R
TRS
and
ProT
erra
cer
tified
pro
duce
rs. A
fter r
evie
win
g th
e so
urci
ng p
olic
ies
of s
elec
ted
Euro
pean
com
pani
es th
at b
uy a
nd u
se s
oy a
s an
imal
feed
in m
eat a
nd d
airy
pro
duct
ion,
WW
F st
ated
that
m
any
of th
em h
ave
limite
d kn
owle
dge
abou
t the
orig
in o
f the
ir su
pplie
s an
d ar
e no
t aw
are
of th
e im
porta
nce
of p
rote
ctin
g vu
lner
able
nat
ural
hab
itats
suc
h as
the
Amaz
on, C
erra
do a
nd C
haco
regi
ons
in S
outh
Am
eric
a. T
he a
dvoc
acy
grou
p al
so
poin
ted
out t
hat,
alth
ough
som
e so
ybea
n pr
oduc
ers
and
com
pani
es w
ere
inve
stin
g he
avily
in re
spon
sibl
e pr
oduc
tion
and
certi
ficat
ion,
the
mar
ket w
as n
ot s
uffici
ently
reco
gnizi
ng a
nd re
war
ding
thes
e eff
orts
(see
also
MPP
U F
eb.’1
6).
40 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
6IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Janu
ary
Glo
bal
RSPO
: The
Rou
ndta
ble o
n Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il, th
e wor
ld’s
lead
ing b
ody f
or su
stai
nabl
e pal
m oi
l cer
tifica
tion,
has p
ublis
hed
a nu
mbe
r of i
mpa
ct in
dica
tors
for 2
015:
(i) l
ast y
ear,
certi
fied
sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
are
a cl
imbe
d to
2.7
7 m
illion
hec
tare
s,
or a
bout
16
per
cent
of t
he w
orld
’s to
tal m
atur
e oi
l pal
m a
rea,
whi
ch re
pres
ents
a m
odes
t 5 p
erce
nt e
xpan
sion
from
201
4 (w
hen
area
cer
tified
exp
ande
d by
a m
uch
high
er ra
te o
f 33
perc
ent);
(ii) p
rodu
ctio
n of
RSP
O-c
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil h
as ri
sen
by
1 pe
rcen
t to
12.9
milli
on to
nnes
, or a
bout
21
perc
ent o
f glo
bal p
rodu
ctio
n; w
hile
the
num
ber o
f sm
allh
olde
rs p
artic
ipat
ing
in R
SPO
cer
tifica
tion
also
incr
ease
d, th
ey a
ccou
nted
for o
nly
10 p
erce
nt o
f tot
al c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ctio
n; a
nd (i
ii) ac
tual
sal
es
of R
SPO
-cer
tified
pal
m o
il, th
e m
ost c
ritic
al fi
gure
, am
ount
ed to
6.2
milli
on to
nnes
in 2
015,
abo
ut 0
.8 m
illion
tonn
es
or 1
6 pe
rcen
t mor
e th
an in
201
4 –
a si
gnifi
cant
slo
wdo
wn
com
pare
d to
the
last
few
yea
rs. T
he a
mou
nt o
f act
ual s
ales
re
porte
d by
RSP
O s
ugge
sts
that
6.7
milli
on to
nnes
(i.e
. mor
e th
an h
alf o
f the
ava
ilabl
e ce
rtifie
d pr
oduc
t) di
d no
t find
a
buye
r and
pro
babl
y ha
d to
be
sold
as
conv
entio
nal o
il, w
ith n
o pr
ice
prem
ium
; fu
rther
mor
e, s
imila
r to
2014
, abo
ut
55 p
erce
nt o
f tot
al s
ales
con
cern
ed G
reen
Palm
cer
tifica
tes,
a ‘B
ook&
Cla
im’ m
echa
nism
that
con
tribu
tes
only
indi
rect
ly to
su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion,
as
it by
pass
es th
e ph
ysic
al s
uppl
y ch
ain,
exc
ludi
ng p
rodu
ct s
egre
gatio
n an
d tra
ceab
ility.
7IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Febr
uary
Glo
bal
Cer
tifica
tion:
Gre
enPa
lm, t
he n
on-p
hysi
cal c
ertifi
cate
trad
ing
syst
em o
f RSP
O (R
ound
tabl
e on
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il) th
at
supp
orts
sus
tain
able
form
s of
pal
m o
il pro
duct
ion,
is re
ady
to in
trodu
ce, i
n 20
16, c
ertifi
cate
trac
eabi
lity
back
to in
divi
dual
or
igin
atin
g ce
rtifie
d m
ills.
The
Book
&Cla
im s
yste
m,
whi
ch e
nabl
es c
usto
mer
s to
offs
et p
alm
pur
chas
es b
y bu
ying
ce
rtific
ates
for a
n eq
uiva
lent
vol
ume
of c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ct, i
s sa
id to
be
the
first
non
-phy
sica
l sup
ply
chai
n to
impl
emen
t su
ch tr
acea
bilit
y sy
stem
-wid
e. T
he n
ew fe
atur
e m
eans
that
eve
ry b
uyer
of c
ertifi
cate
s w
ill kn
ow w
hich
cer
tified
pal
m
oil m
ill he
is s
uppo
rting
. Alle
gedl
y, th
e G
reen
Palm
sup
ply
chai
n m
eets
als
o th
e ne
eds
of s
mal
lhol
ders
and
inde
pend
ent
prod
ucer
s, w
ho h
ave
limite
d ac
cess
to o
vers
eas
dem
and
for p
hysi
cally
seg
rega
ted
supp
lies
of c
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil
but c
an
be s
uppo
rted
for t
heir
effor
ts th
roug
h ce
rtific
ate
tradi
ng.
8IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Febr
uary
Glo
bal
RSPO
: Th
e Ro
undt
able
on
Sust
aina
ble
Palm
Oil
laun
ched
a n
ew v
olun
tary
add
-on
palm
oil
stan
dard
dub
bed
‘RSP
O-
Nex
t’, to
add
ress
con
cern
s th
at it
s ba
sic
stan
dard
doe
s no
t ade
quat
ely
atte
nd to
all
envi
ronm
enta
l and
soc
ial i
ssue
s.
Uns
atis
fied
with
RSP
O’s
core
sus
tain
abilit
y st
anda
rd, s
ever
al c
ompa
nies
ado
pted
thei
r ow
n st
ricte
r cor
pora
te s
tand
ards
ov
er th
e la
st tw
o ye
ars
(see
, for
exa
mpl
e, M
PPU
Dec
.’14
& M
ar./O
ct./N
ov.’1
5). R
epor
tedl
y, ‘R
SPO
-Nex
t’ w
as d
evel
oped
to
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f the
se c
ompa
nies
. Firm
s ap
plyi
ng fo
r the
new
cer
tifica
te n
eed
to fu
lfil a
rang
e of
mor
e de
man
ding
su
stai
nabi
lity
crite
ria th
an th
e co
re, m
anda
tory
sta
ndar
ds. I
n pa
rticu
lar,
they
nee
d to
(i) a
dher
e to
a m
ore
strin
gent
no-
defo
rest
atio
n po
licy,
incl
udin
g th
e ru
le th
at n
ew p
lant
atio
ns c
an o
nly
be e
stab
lishe
d on
are
as w
ith lo
w s
tock
s of
car
bon,
w
hich
ess
entia
lly b
ans
plan
ting
on p
eatla
nd;
(ii) m
onito
r an
d re
duce
GH
G e
mis
sion
s ac
ross
the
ir en
tire
oper
atio
n;
(iii) c
omm
it to
pro
mot
e w
orke
rs’ r
ight
s an
d to
enh
ance
sm
allh
olde
rs’ s
kills
; (iv
) ref
rain
from
usi
ng fi
re to
cle
ar la
nd a
nd
from
spr
ayin
g th
e to
xic
pest
icid
e Pa
raqu
at; (
v) p
rove
that
at l
east
60
perc
ent o
f the
ir pl
anta
tion
are
alre
ady
com
plia
nt w
ith
RSPO
’s co
re s
tand
ard
and
com
mit
to ro
lling
out t
he s
trict
er s
tand
ard
acro
ss a
ll of t
heir
esta
tes
– th
ough
no
timel
ines
are
se
t on
whe
n fu
ll com
plia
nce
has
to b
e ac
hiev
ed; (
vi) e
nsur
e tra
nspa
renc
y an
d du
e di
ligen
ce in
sou
rcin
g fro
m in
depe
nden
t su
pplie
rs; a
nd (v
ii) en
sure
trac
eabi
lity
of a
ll cer
tified
pal
m o
il bac
k to
the
plan
tatio
n w
here
it w
as p
rodu
ced.
It is
impo
rtant
to
not
e th
at th
e ne
w s
tand
ard
will
not e
stab
lish
a se
para
te p
hysi
cal s
uppl
y ch
ain;
rath
er, b
uyer
s pa
rtici
pate
by
purc
hasi
ng
RSPO
-Nex
t cre
dits
from
ver
ified
gro
wer
s. S
uch
cred
its, w
hich
are
like
ly to
be
avai
labl
e fro
m th
e th
ird q
uarte
r of 2
016,
w
ill on
ly b
e re
leas
ed t
o cu
stom
ers
that
are
alre
ady
buyi
ng e
xclu
sive
ly c
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil
thro
ugh
esta
blis
hed
supp
ly
chai
n sy
stem
s. R
SPO
’s ne
w in
itiat
ive
has
also
met
crit
icis
m. A
ccor
ding
to s
ome
obse
rver
s, th
e la
unch
ing
of s
trong
er
volu
ntar
y st
anda
rds
indi
cate
s th
at th
e cu
rrent
man
dato
ry s
tand
ards
are
inad
equa
te, w
hich
sug
gest
s th
at th
ey o
ught
to
be to
ughe
ned
acro
ss th
e bo
ard.
Mor
eove
r, th
e fa
ct th
at c
ompa
nies
can
set
thei
r ow
n tim
elin
es fo
r com
plia
nce
as w
ell
as R
SPO
’s de
finiti
on o
f ‘no
-def
ores
tatio
n’ h
ave
been
crit
icize
d. H
owev
er, o
ther
s w
elco
med
the
new
sch
eme
as a
sig
n th
at th
e vo
lunt
ary
invo
lvem
ent o
f mor
e pr
ogre
ssiv
e co
mpa
nies
cou
ld e
vent
ually
lead
to b
road
er c
hang
e in
the
sect
or.
Mea
nwhi
le, i
ndus
try re
pres
enta
tives
reite
rate
d th
at th
e pr
ice
prem
ium
for c
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil
is n
ot s
uffici
ently
at
tract
ive
and
that
wea
k de
man
d fo
r cer
tified
pro
duce
is a
maj
or s
ourc
e of
con
cern
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 41
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
9IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Febr
uary
Indo
nesi
aC
ertifi
catio
n:
A re
cent
ly re
leas
ed jo
int s
tudy
bet
wee
n IS
PO, I
ndon
esia
’s go
vern
men
t-bac
ked
certi
ficat
ion
prog
ram
me,
an
d th
e gl
obal
, ind
ustry
-led
RSPO
com
pare
s th
e tw
o ce
rtific
atio
n sc
hem
es a
nd e
xam
ines
how
they
cou
ld c
ompl
emen
t ea
ch o
ther
(see
also
MPP
U D
ec.’1
3 &
May
’14)
. ISP
O’s
focu
s is
on
enfo
rcin
g co
mpl
ianc
e of
pla
ntat
ions
with
exi
stin
g ru
les
and
regu
latio
ns o
f var
ious
min
istri
es, a
genc
ies
and
leve
ls o
f gov
ernm
ent,
ther
eby
cont
ribut
ing
to re
duce
d fo
rest
cov
erag
e lo
sses
and
low
er G
HG
em
issi
ons
from
land
use
cha
nge.
Rep
orte
dly,
certi
ficat
ion
effor
ts a
re im
paire
d by
sev
eral
fact
ors,
in
par
ticul
ar th
e ci
rcum
stan
ce th
at s
mal
l and
med
ium
-size
d gr
ower
s ac
coun
t for
40
perc
ent o
f Ind
ones
ia’s
tota
l pal
m o
il ou
tput
. Mai
n di
ffere
nces
iden
tified
bet
wee
n IS
PO a
nd R
SPO
rela
te to
(i) t
he p
rote
ctio
n of
hig
h co
nser
vatio
n va
lue
fore
sts,
(ii)
pla
ntat
ion
land
ow
ners
hip
proc
edur
es, i
nclu
ding
the
prin
cipl
e of
free
prio
r and
info
rmed
con
sent
, (iii)
pro
cedu
res
for
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f new
pla
ntat
ions
, and
(iv)
inde
pend
ent o
vers
ight
of t
he a
udit
and
certi
ficat
ion
proc
ess.
Impl
emen
ting
sust
aina
bilit
y cer
tifica
tion
thro
ugho
ut In
done
sia’
s exp
ansi
ve p
alm
oil s
uppl
y cha
in is
said
to re
quire
incr
ease
d an
d eff
ectiv
e co
llabo
ratio
n be
twee
n al
l act
ors,
incl
udin
g be
twee
n th
e go
vern
men
t and
inte
rnat
iona
l mar
ket p
artic
ipan
ts. C
olla
bora
tion
betw
een
ISPO
and
RSP
O c
ould
hel
p st
ream
line
Indo
nesi
a’s
palm
oil
certi
ficat
ion
proc
ess.
10IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Febr
uary
Indo
nesi
aSo
urci
ng p
olic
y: O
ne o
f Ind
ones
ia’s
lead
ing
oil p
alm
bus
ines
ses,
Gol
den
Agri-
Reso
urce
s Lt
d, in
form
ed th
at it
is a
ble
to tr
ace
its e
ntire
ann
ual s
uppl
y of
ove
r 7 m
illion
tonn
es o
f pal
m o
il ba
ck to
489
indi
vidua
l mills
. The
com
pany
, whi
ch, i
n ad
ditio
n to
pr
oduc
ing
on in
its
own
right
, also
buy
s pa
lm o
il fro
m in
depe
nden
t mills
, cla
ims
that
trac
ing
all i
ts p
rodu
ct b
ack
to s
ourc
e al
low
s it
to m
ore
effec
tivel
y en
gage
with
inde
pend
ent s
uppl
iers
to im
prov
e th
eir o
pera
tions
in e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l ter
ms.
11IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Mar
chG
loba
lTh
ird p
arty
pre
ssur
e:
Acco
rdin
g to
mar
ket o
bser
vers
, int
erna
tiona
l ban
ks a
re p
layin
g an
incr
easin
gly
impo
rtant
role
in
influ
enci
ng c
ompa
nies
to
adop
t su
stai
nabl
e pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
tion
prac
tices
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
num
ber
of b
anks
tha
t –
in
an e
ffort
to im
prov
e th
eir e
nviro
nmen
tal c
rede
ntia
ls –
are
requ
estin
g pr
oduc
ers
to a
pply
stric
t env
ironm
enta
l and
soc
ial
stan
dard
s in
exc
hang
e fo
r rec
eivin
g fin
ance
is o
n th
e ris
e. A
ppar
ently
, suc
h re
ques
ts e
spec
ially
con
cern
sm
alle
r com
pani
es,
as m
any
larg
e pr
oduc
ers
are
alre
ady
in th
e pr
oces
s of
ado
ptin
g m
ore
sust
aina
ble
prac
tices
. A n
umbe
r of
inte
rnat
iona
l fin
anci
al in
stitu
tions
hav
e jo
ined
the
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il (R
SPO
), th
e in
dust
ry’s
lead
ing
certi
ficat
ion
body
, as
king
thei
r clie
nts
to d
o th
e sa
me
and
to a
bide
by
RSPO
’s st
anda
rds.
Also
sov
erei
gn w
ealth
fund
s ar
e en
cour
agin
g fir
ms
to im
prov
e th
eir e
nviro
nmen
tal r
ecor
d by
set
ting
high
er s
tand
ards
for i
nves
tmen
t. Re
cent
ly, a
larg
e No
rweg
ian
pens
ion
fund
re
porte
d di
vest
men
ts fr
om p
alm
oil c
ompa
nies
that
wer
e lin
ked
to d
efor
esta
tion
and
low
env
ironm
enta
l saf
egua
rds.
12IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Mar
chG
loba
lC
ertifi
catio
n: T
he P
alm
Oil I
nnov
atio
n G
roup
(PO
IG),
an in
tern
atio
nal c
olle
ctiv
e of
pal
m o
il gro
wer
s, N
GO
s an
d co
nsum
er
good
firm
s, re
leas
ed a
new
sta
ndar
d fo
r sus
tain
ably
pro
duce
d pa
lm o
il (se
e al
so M
PPU
Jun
e &
Dec.
’14)
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
nor
m is
stri
cter
than
bot
h, R
SPO
’s st
anda
rd s
et o
f req
uire
men
ts a
nd th
e re
cent
ly la
unch
ed, v
olun
tary
‘RSP
O-N
ext’
crite
ria (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’16)
. The
new
PO
IG s
tand
ard
addr
esse
s is
sues
suc
h as
the
dest
ruct
ion
of h
igh
carb
on s
tock
fo
rest
s, th
e de
velo
pmen
t of p
eatla
nds,
the
use
of to
xic
pest
icid
es, t
he e
xplo
itatio
n of
loca
l com
mun
ities
, and
the
viol
atio
n of
hum
an a
nd la
bour
righ
ts. I
n pa
rticu
lar,
POIG
cla
ims
to u
se a
stri
ct m
etho
dolo
gy to
dis
tingu
ish
betw
een
fore
sts
that
ha
ve to
be
left
unto
uche
d an
d la
nd th
at c
an b
e cl
eare
d. P
OIG
mem
ber c
ompa
nies
nee
d to
und
ergo
a th
ird-p
arty
aud
it an
d ar
e re
quire
d to
regu
larly
pub
lish
sust
aina
bilit
y re
ports
.13
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
–
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
April
Glo
bal
RSPO
: In
Apr
il 20
16, t
he R
ound
tabl
e on
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il (R
SPO
) – th
e w
orld
’s le
adin
g, in
dust
ry-b
acke
d st
anda
rd
setti
ng b
ody
for p
alm
oil –
info
rmed
that
it h
ad s
uspe
nded
one
of i
ts m
embe
rs fr
om c
ertifi
catio
n fo
llow
ing
non-
com
plia
nce
with
sta
ndar
ds m
eant
to
prev
ent
rain
fore
sts
dest
ruct
ion,
pea
tland
con
vers
ion
and
soci
al c
onfli
cts.
The
sus
pens
ion
prev
ents
the
conc
erne
d m
embe
r – w
hich
is o
ne o
f sev
en c
ompa
nies
that
dom
inat
e gl
obal
trad
e in
pal
m o
il – fr
om s
ellin
g pa
lm o
il (p
rodu
ced
sinc
e th
e su
spen
sion
) as
certi
fied
sust
aina
ble.
In th
e w
ake
of th
e su
spen
sion
, sev
eral
cus
tom
ers
of
the
susp
ende
d co
mpa
ny, i
nclu
ding
Uni
leve
r, Ke
llogg
, Mar
s an
d N
estlé
, inf
orm
ed th
at th
ey w
ere
dise
ngag
ing
from
trad
ing
with
the
susp
ende
d fir
m s
o as
to c
ompl
y w
ith th
eir o
wn
corp
orat
e po
licie
s an
d co
mm
itmen
ts. T
he b
uyer
s’ re
actio
n sh
ows
how
com
mer
cial
ly s
ensi
tive
palm
oil
proc
urem
ent
and
trace
abilit
y ha
ve b
ecom
e. T
he s
uspe
nded
com
pany
ass
ured
th
at it
was
com
mitt
ed to
add
ress
the
issu
es ra
ised
. It s
ubm
itted
an
actio
n pl
an fo
r RSP
O re
-ent
ry, d
etai
ling
corre
ctiv
e ac
tions
take
n to
revi
ew a
nd e
nhan
ce th
e co
mpa
ny’s
sust
aina
bilit
y pr
actic
es. I
n an
othe
r ins
tanc
e, in
May
201
6, a
larg
e pa
lm o
il gr
ower
vol
unta
rily
requ
este
d th
e w
ithdr
awal
of s
usta
inab
ility
certi
ficat
es g
rant
ed b
y RS
PO fr
om 5
8 of
its
palm
oi
l pro
cess
ing
mills
. The
com
pany
sai
d it
fore
saw
sus
tain
abilit
y is
sues
in it
s su
pply
cha
in a
nd th
eref
ore
wis
hed
to re
view
ce
rtain
pol
icie
s an
d m
ake
som
e st
ruct
ural
cha
nges
in it
s ce
rtific
atio
n ap
proa
ch. T
he c
ompa
ny s
ubm
itted
a ti
me-
boun
d ac
tion
plan
on
how
to a
chie
ve fu
ll co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith R
SPO
sta
ndar
ds a
t all
its p
lant
atio
ns a
nd m
ills.
42 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
14IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
May
Glo
bal
Com
pany
initi
ativ
es:
Afte
r com
mitt
ing
to d
elin
king
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
tion
from
def
ores
tatio
n an
d to
map
ping
its
supp
ly
chai
n to
the
mill
leve
l, G
olde
n Ag
ri-Re
sour
ces –
one
of I
ndon
esia
’s le
adin
g pa
lm o
il pro
duce
rs –
ple
dged
to a
chie
ve 1
00%
su
pply
trac
eabi
lity
up to
the
plan
tatio
n le
vel.
For
the
mills
ow
ned
dire
ctly
by
the
com
pany
, tra
ceab
ility
to p
lant
atio
ns
wou
ld b
e ac
hiev
ed b
y 20
17, w
hile
trac
eabi
lity
for i
ndep
ende
nt th
ird-p
arty
mills
that
sup
ply
the
com
pany
is to
be
achi
eved
by
202
0. T
he la
tter t
arge
t is
said
to re
quire
eng
agem
ent w
ith h
undr
eds
of in
divi
dual
pla
ntat
ion
man
ager
s, in
term
edia
ries
and
smal
lhol
der f
arm
ers.
On
the
sam
e to
pic,
Wilm
ar, t
he w
orld
’s la
rges
t pal
m o
il pr
oces
sor a
nd tr
ader
, rec
ently
repo
rted
sign
ifica
nt p
rogr
ess
in m
appi
ng it
s su
pply
cha
in, i
nclu
ding
its
third
-par
ty s
uppl
iers
. How
ever
, the
com
pany
ack
now
ledg
ed
that
ach
ievi
ng 1
00%
trac
eabi
lity
requ
ired
mor
e tim
e th
an o
rigin
ally
pla
nned
due
to th
e co
mpl
exiti
es o
f its
sup
ply
netw
ork.
Th
e co
mpa
ny a
lso
reco
gnize
d th
at th
e de
velo
pmen
t of c
lear
mea
ns to
mea
sure
pro
gres
s in
redu
cing
act
ual d
efor
esta
tion
pose
d m
ultip
le c
halle
nges
.
15IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
May
Glo
bal
Civ
il so
ciet
y gr
oup:
G
reen
peac
e In
tern
atio
nal i
nfor
med
that
bas
ed o
n its
revi
ew o
f glo
bal c
onsu
mer
goo
d fir
ms
that
pl
edge
d to
set
up
defo
rest
atio
n-fre
e pa
lm o
il su
pply
cha
ins
none
of t
he c
ompa
nies
sur
veye
d w
as a
ble
to c
onfir
m th
at
thei
r sup
ply
chai
n w
as fr
ee o
f def
ores
tatio
n, n
or c
ould
the
com
pani
es d
eter
min
e ho
w m
uch
of th
eir p
alm
oil
orig
inat
ed
from
sup
plie
rs th
at c
ompl
y w
ith th
eir o
wn
sour
cing
sta
ndar
ds. A
lso,
mos
t com
pani
es h
ad y
et to
obt
ain
inde
pend
ent t
hird
-pa
rty v
erifi
catio
n to
dem
onst
rate
that
thei
r pal
m o
il is
pro
duce
d in
com
plia
nce
with
thei
r pol
icie
s.
16IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
May
Indo
nesi
aC
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps: I
n M
arch
201
6, G
reen
peac
e In
done
sia la
unch
ed a
map
ping
tool
(usi
ng te
chno
logy
dev
elop
ed b
y G
loba
l For
est W
atch
) tha
t allo
ws
the
publ
ic to
mon
itor d
efor
esta
tion
and
fires
in n
ear-r
eal t
ime,
as
wel
l as
to s
ee w
ho
cont
rols
the
land
whe
re th
e fir
es a
re li
ghte
d.
17IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
June
Glo
bal
Trac
eabi
lity:
RSP
O, t
he in
dust
ry-le
d st
anda
rd s
ettin
g bo
dy fo
r pal
m o
il, h
as la
unch
ed a
new
trac
eabi
lity
syst
em (‘
eTra
ce’)
that
allo
ws
trade
rs, m
anuf
actu
rers
and
reta
ilers
to tr
ace
back
to m
ills a
ll pal
m o
il pro
cure
d th
roug
h ph
ysic
al tr
ade
syst
ems
– i.e
. RSP
O’s
segr
egat
ed a
nd m
ass
bala
nce
supp
ly c
hain
s. T
race
abilit
y w
ill, h
owev
er, n
ot a
pply
to p
alm
oil
trade
d vi
a RS
PO’s
‘Boo
k&C
laim
’ mec
hani
sm, w
hich
by-
pass
es th
e ph
ysic
al s
uppl
y ch
ain
and,
in 2
015,
acc
ount
ed fo
r abo
ut h
alf o
f to
tal s
ales
of R
SPO
-cer
tified
pal
m o
il (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
.
18IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
June
Glo
bal
Sour
cing
pol
icy:
Dur
ing
rece
nt w
eeks
, a n
umbe
r of g
loba
l tra
de fi
rms
com
mitt
ed to
join
con
sum
er g
ood
com
pani
es th
at
deci
ded
to c
ease
trad
ing
with
a p
alm
oil
supp
lier w
hose
sus
tain
abilit
y ce
rtific
ates
had
bee
n su
spen
ded
by th
e RS
PO in
M
arch
201
6 (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’16
).
19IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
July
Glo
bal
RSPO
: In
Jul
y 20
16, R
SPO
, the
indu
stry
-led
stan
dard
set
ting
body
for p
alm
oil,
hel
d a
mul
ti-st
akeh
olde
r for
um in
Chi
na
to p
rom
ote
the
trade
and
con
sum
ptio
n of
cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il in
the
coun
try. C
onsi
derin
g th
at C
hina
is th
e w
orld
’s se
cond
larg
est i
mpo
rter
and
third
big
gest
con
sum
er o
f pal
m o
il, a
n in
crea
se in
Chi
nese
dem
and
for
certi
fied
prod
uce
coul
d pr
ovid
e fre
sh im
petu
s fo
r glo
bal t
rade
in a
n pr
oduc
tion
of c
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil.
In re
cent
yea
rs,
RSPO
mem
bers
sta
rted
payi
ng in
crea
sed
atte
ntio
n to
dev
elop
ing
coun
try m
arke
ts, n
otab
ly in
Asi
a, w
here
edi
ble
oil
cons
umpt
ion
is g
row
ing
at a
ste
ady
pace
– w
hils
t cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il ac
coun
ts fo
r an
only
sm
all p
art o
f the
m
arke
t (se
e al
so M
PPU
May
& S
ep.’1
2). F
or C
hina
, RSP
O’s
2020
targ
et fo
r the
sha
re o
f cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pro
duce
in
tota
l pal
m o
il up
take
has
bee
n se
t at 1
0 pe
rcen
t (se
e M
PPU
Jul
y’15
).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 43
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
20IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
July
Indo
nesi
aIP
OP:
The
Indo
nesia
n Pa
lm O
il Pl
edge
(IPO
P), a
priv
ate
initi
ativ
e la
unch
ed b
y le
adin
g pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
ing
and
tradi
ng
com
pani
es in
201
4 to
pro
mot
e su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion
and
join
tly e
stab
lish
wha
t lan
d co
uld
be c
lear
ed to
dev
elop
new
oi
l pal
m p
lant
atio
ns,
has
been
dis
solv
ed.
Acco
rdin
g to
the
IPO
P si
gnat
orie
s, t
he in
itiat
ive’
s or
igin
al p
urpo
ses
have
be
en fu
lfille
d by
rece
nt m
easu
res
take
n by
the
gove
rnm
ent –
not
ably
the
mor
ator
ium
on
peat
land
dev
elop
men
t, th
e cr
eatio
n of
a P
eat R
esto
ratio
n Ag
ency
, the
laun
chin
g of
a n
atio
nal s
tand
ard
for s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil
(ISPO
), an
d th
e ne
w
mor
ator
ium
on
oil p
alm
exp
ansi
on li
cens
es. F
orm
er IP
OP
mem
bers
com
mitt
ed to
con
tinue
thei
r sus
tain
abilit
y po
licie
s in
depe
nden
tly a
nd p
ledg
ed to
sup
port
the
gove
rnm
ent’s
effo
rts to
stre
ngth
en a
nd im
prov
e IS
PO. S
ome
envi
ronm
enta
l gr
oups
com
men
ted
that
the
dism
antli
ng o
f IPO
P co
uld
incr
ease
the
risk
of h
aze
and
fore
st fi
res
in S
outh
east
Asi
a, g
iven
th
at IS
PO s
tand
ards
tend
to b
e le
ss s
trict
than
thos
e ap
plie
d un
der I
POP,
not
ably
with
resp
ect t
o la
nd c
lear
ing
rule
s.
21IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Augu
stG
loba
lRS
PO:
The
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il (R
SPO
) end
ed th
e su
spen
sion
from
cer
tifica
tion
that
it h
ad im
pose
d la
st A
pril
on o
ne o
f its
mem
bers
fol
low
ing
non-
com
plia
nce
with
its
stan
dard
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’16
). Re
porte
dly,
the
conc
erne
d co
mpa
ny s
atis
fied
the
cond
ition
s se
t for
read
mis
sion
. It i
s no
w e
xpec
ted
to s
ubm
it qu
arte
rly p
rogr
ess
repo
rts
and
will
be s
ubje
cted
to in
depe
nden
t gro
und
verifi
catio
n af
ter 1
2 m
onth
s. S
ome
envi
ronm
enta
l gro
ups
criti
cize
d RS
PO
for r
eadm
ittin
g th
e co
mpa
ny b
efor
e it
deliv
ered
last
ing
chan
ge o
n th
e gr
ound
. If g
loba
l buy
ers
who
had
dis
enga
ged
from
tra
ding
with
the
susp
ende
d m
embe
r will
resu
me
purc
hase
s fro
m th
e co
mpa
ny re
mai
ns to
be
seen
.
22IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Augu
stG
loba
lC
ertifi
catio
n:
RSPO
con
firm
ed t
hat
afte
r De
cem
ber
2016
it w
ill no
long
er e
ndor
se G
reen
Palm
, the
cer
tifica
te-b
ased
bo
ok &
cla
im s
yste
m t
hat
curre
ntly
acc
ount
s fo
r ab
out
half
of g
loba
l tra
de in
RSP
O-c
ertifi
ed p
alm
/pal
m k
erne
l oil.
In
stea
d, c
usto
mer
s w
ill be
abl
e to
trad
e ce
rtifie
d vo
lum
es v
ia R
SPO
’s re
cent
ly la
unch
ed ‘e
Trac
e’ p
latfo
rm, a
n al
tern
ativ
e Bo
ok&C
laim
sys
tem
tha
t gu
aran
tees
cer
tifica
te t
race
abilit
y ba
ck t
o in
divi
dual
orig
inat
ing
certi
fied
mills
and
cru
sher
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Mar
./Jul
y’16
). C
redi
ts t
rade
d vi
a ‘e
Trac
e’ w
ill be
sub
ject
ed t
o re
gula
r RS
PO a
udits
. As
any
oth
er
Book
&Cla
im s
yste
m, a
lso
the
new
mec
hani
sm b
ypas
ses
the
phys
ical
sup
ply
chai
n. H
owev
er, t
he m
odifi
ed s
chem
e w
ill al
low
cus
tom
ers
to k
now
whi
ch c
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil
mill
they
are
sup
porti
ng.
23IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Augu
stIn
done
sia
Smal
lhol
der c
ertifi
catio
n: R
SPO
repo
rted
that
a la
rge
grou
p of
sm
all o
il pa
lm g
row
ers
in S
outh
Sum
atra
, Ind
ones
ia, h
as
achi
eved
RSP
O c
ertifi
catio
n th
anks
to th
e su
ppor
t of a
larg
e pl
anta
tion
com
pany
and
to fin
anci
al a
ssist
ance
from
the
RSPO
’s Sm
allh
olde
r Sup
port
Fund
. Mad
e up
of s
even
villa
ge le
vel c
oope
rativ
es, t
he g
roup
cou
nts
mor
e th
an 2
700
inde
pend
ent
smal
lhol
ders
cul
tivat
ing
5 50
0 he
ctar
es.
The
grou
p pl
ans
to s
ell i
ts c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ct t
hrou
gh R
SPO
’s m
ass
bala
nce
mec
hani
sm, w
hich
invo
lves
a ph
ysic
al s
uppl
y ch
ain.
Typ
ical
ly, s
mal
lhol
ders
– w
ho a
ccou
nt fo
r abo
ut 4
0 pe
rcen
t of g
loba
l pa
lm o
il out
put –
lack
the
mea
ns to
com
ply
with
com
plex
inte
rnat
iona
l sus
tain
abilit
y st
anda
rds.
Inde
ed, in
201
5, s
mal
lhol
der
prod
uctio
n ac
coun
ted
for n
o m
ore
than
10
perc
ent o
f glo
bal c
ertifi
catio
n (in
vol
ume
term
s). G
ener
ally,
cer
tifica
tion
allo
ws
inde
pend
ent s
mal
lhol
ders
to ra
ise th
eir y
ield
s an
d ga
in a
cces
s to
inte
rnat
iona
l mar
ket (
ther
eby
impr
ovin
g th
eir p
rofit
s), w
hile
at
the
sam
e tim
e pr
otec
ting
the
envir
onm
ent t
hrou
gh th
e ad
optio
n of
goo
d ag
ricul
tura
l pra
ctic
es.
24IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Augu
stIn
done
sia
Sour
cing
pol
icy:
In
Wes
t Ka
liman
tan,
Ind
ones
ia,
two
hom
e ca
re m
ultin
atio
nals
, H
enke
l an
d BA
SF,
ente
red
into
pa
rtner
ship
s w
ith N
GO
s to
sup
port
smal
lhol
der p
alm
oil p
rodu
ctio
n. A
s m
ajor
buy
ers
of p
alm
and
pal
m k
erne
l oil,
the
two
com
pani
es a
re c
omm
itted
to b
ack
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of s
usta
inab
le s
uppl
y ch
ains
. Und
er th
e pr
ojec
t, sm
allh
olde
rs w
ill be
trai
ned
in s
usta
inab
le fa
rmin
g m
etho
ds w
ith th
e ob
ject
ive
to ra
ise
palm
frui
t yie
lds
whi
le m
akin
g pr
oduc
ers
elig
ible
for
certi
ficat
ion
acco
rdin
g to
the
crite
ria o
f RSP
O.
44 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
25IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Augu
stN
ew Z
eala
ndSo
urci
ng p
olic
y (p
alm
kern
el m
eal):
In
New
Zea
land
, a s
tate
-ow
ned
agrib
usin
ess
firm
pla
ns to
sto
p us
ing
palm
ker
nel
mea
l as
a fe
ed s
uppl
emen
t in
its d
airy
farm
s. A
llege
dly,
the
deci
sion
to re
plac
e pa
lm k
erne
l pro
duct
s w
ith lo
cally
gro
wn
alte
rnat
ives
refl
ects
the
com
pany
’s co
ncer
n w
ith p
rodu
cing
food
in a
res
pons
ible
and
env
ironm
enta
l frie
ndly
way
as
wel
l as
effor
ts to
ant
icip
ate
shift
ing
cons
umer
pre
fere
nces
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
use
of p
alm
ker
nel m
eal h
as c
ome
unde
r sc
rutin
y af
ter e
nviro
nmen
tal g
roup
s lin
ked
grow
th in
Sou
thea
st A
sia’
s pa
lm in
dust
ry to
uns
usta
inab
le fa
rmin
g pr
actic
es.
Mea
nwhi
le, a
larg
e m
ultin
atio
nal d
airy
co-
oper
ativ
e in
New
Zea
land
sai
d th
at it
had
no
imm
edia
te p
lans
to s
top
usin
g pa
lm k
erne
l mea
l, ad
ding
that
all
palm
pro
duct
s us
ed b
y its
farm
ers
are
resp
onsi
bly
sour
ced,
and
that
, by
2018
, all
its
palm
pro
duct
sup
plie
s w
ill be
trac
eabl
e to
pla
ntat
ion
leve
l. La
st y
ear,
the
co-o
pera
tive
issu
ed a
gui
delin
e re
com
men
ding
its
farm
ers
to fe
ed th
eir h
erds
a m
axim
um o
f 3 k
g of
pal
m k
erne
l mea
l per
day
, citi
ng th
e ne
ed to
pro
tect
the
prem
ium
co
mm
ande
d by
pas
ture
-bas
ed d
airy
pro
duct
s. N
ew Z
eala
nd is
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est s
ingl
e im
porte
r of p
alm
ker
nel m
eal.
26IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Oct
ober
Gab
onPr
oduc
tion
& ce
rtific
atio
n: A
sou
thea
st A
sian
agr
i-bus
ines
s fir
m re
porte
d ad
vanc
emen
ts in
its
Afric
an p
alm
oil o
pera
tions
. Ac
cord
ing
to th
e co
mpa
ny, i
ts n
ew p
alm
pla
ntat
ion
in G
abon
has
gai
ned
RSPO
‘New
Pla
ntin
g Pr
oced
ure’
ver
ifica
tion,
w
hile
a w
orki
ng p
lant
atio
n an
d m
ill ha
ve a
chie
ved
full
RSPO
cer
tifica
tion.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
com
pany
acq
uire
d th
e la
nd
for i
ts p
lant
atio
ns o
n le
aseh
olds
from
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Gab
on, c
ompl
ying
with
the
‘Fre
e Pr
ior a
nd In
form
ed C
onse
nt’
proc
ess
and
incl
udin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of s
ocia
l man
agem
ent p
lans
. Fur
ther
mor
e, in
line
with
RSP
O g
uide
lines
, tw
o th
irds
of th
e ac
quire
d la
nd h
as b
een
set a
side
for c
onse
rvat
ion
of b
iodi
vers
ity a
nd fo
rest
car
bon
and
for t
he p
rote
ctio
n of
w
ater
cat
chm
ents
, sai
d th
e co
mpa
ny.
27IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Oct
ober
Glo
bal
Prod
uctio
n &
sour
cing
pol
icy:
A g
roup
of p
rivat
e co
mpa
nies
has
laun
ched
Pal
m D
one
Righ
t, an
inte
rnat
iona
l aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
n ai
med
at p
rom
otin
g su
stai
nabl
e fo
rms
of p
alm
oil
prod
uctio
n vi
a ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
mes
that
eng
age
indu
stry
pl
ayer
s, c
onsu
mer
s, t
he m
edia
and
oth
er s
take
hold
ers.
Mem
bers
hav
e su
bscr
ibed
to,
inte
r al
ia, (
i) or
gani
c pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
tion,
inc
ludi
ng n
atur
al p
est
man
agem
ent,
mul
ti-cr
oppi
ng a
nd c
ompo
stin
g; (
ii) es
tabl
ishi
ng p
lant
atio
ns o
nly
on e
xist
ing
crop
land
or
degr
aded
land
; (iii)
gua
rant
eein
g fa
ir tra
de p
rem
ium
s to
gro
wer
s; (i
v) e
mpl
oyin
g lo
w-im
pact
te
chni
ques
for r
efini
ng p
alm
oil;
and
(v) t
race
abilit
y of
pal
m o
il th
roug
hout
the
entir
e su
pply
cha
in. A
t the
mom
ent,
the
mos
tly U
S- a
nd E
U-o
rient
ed s
uppl
y ch
ain
relie
s on
sm
all q
uant
ities
sou
rced
in E
cuad
or, S
ierra
Leo
ne a
nd G
hana
.
28IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Oct
ober
Indi
aPr
oduc
tion
& ce
rtific
atio
n: T
he In
dian
Sol
vent
Ext
ract
ors
Asso
ciat
ion,
the
coun
try’s
prin
cipa
l veg
etab
le o
il tra
de g
roup
, ha
s jo
ined
forc
ed w
ith a
n in
tern
atio
nal N
GO
and
nat
iona
l res
earc
h in
stitu
tions
to d
evel
op a
cou
ntry
-spe
cific
sus
tain
abilit
y fra
mew
ork
for p
alm
oil p
rodu
ctio
n. W
hile
dra
win
g on
the
expe
rienc
es o
f Mal
aysi
a an
d In
done
sia,
the
new
sta
ndar
d w
ould
be
tailo
red
to th
e co
untry
’s ec
olog
ic, e
cono
mic
and
soc
ial c
ondi
tions
. The
initi
ativ
e w
ill fo
cus
on th
e fo
rmul
atio
n of
bes
t-pr
actic
es n
orm
s on
pro
duct
ion
for I
ndia
n gr
ower
s. C
urre
ntly,
the
coun
try im
ports
aro
und
9 m
illion
tonn
es o
f pal
m o
il eac
h ye
ar, w
hile
ann
ual d
omes
tic p
alm
oil o
utpu
t sta
nds
at 2
00 th
ousa
nd to
nnes
. Con
side
rabl
e ex
pans
ion
poss
ibilit
ies
are
said
to
exi
st in
Indi
a’s
sout
hern
and
nor
th-e
aste
rn s
tate
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’16
).
29IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lPr
oduc
tion:
A w
orki
ng g
roup
incl
udin
g pa
lm o
il pro
duce
rs a
nd N
GO
s ag
reed
on
a un
ified
app
roac
h to
impl
emen
ting
“no
defo
rest
atio
n” p
ledg
es b
y pr
ivat
e co
mpa
nies
. In
parti
cula
r, co
nsen
sus
has
been
reac
hed
on a
sin
gle
met
hodo
logy
for
dete
rmin
ing
wha
t con
stitu
tes
a ‘H
igh
Car
bon
Stoc
k’ la
ndsc
ape.
The
agr
eem
ent e
nabl
es c
ompa
nies
to fo
llow
a c
oher
ent
set o
f prin
cipl
es w
hen
impl
emen
ting
com
mitm
ents
to ‘n
o de
fore
stat
ion’
in th
eir p
alm
oil
oper
atio
ns a
nd s
uppl
y ch
ains
. Th
e gr
oup
also
issu
ed a
list
of s
till o
utst
andi
ng is
sues
, inc
ludi
ng th
e de
velo
pmen
t of s
yste
ms
to e
nsur
e hi
gh q
ualit
y as
sess
men
ts, i
ndep
ende
nt v
erifi
catio
n, a
nd m
eans
of r
edre
ss fo
r com
mun
ities
who
se ri
ghts
are
infri
nged
.
30IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lRS
PO:
In it
s la
test
gen
eral
ass
embl
y, th
e RS
PO –
the
wor
ld’s
lead
ing,
indu
stry
-bac
ked
stan
dard
set
ting
body
for p
alm
oil
– de
cide
d to
(i) i
mpl
emen
t and
mon
itor R
SPO
rem
edia
tion
and
com
pens
atio
n pr
oced
ures
in a
n eff
ectiv
e an
d tra
nspa
rent
m
anne
r; (ii)
ens
ure
that
mem
bers
from
all s
ecto
rs e
qual
ly c
ompl
y to
and
abi
de w
ith th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f the
org
aniza
tion;
(iii
) im
prov
e th
e pr
otec
tion
of h
uman
righ
ts b
y pr
ovid
ing
supp
ort t
o co
mpl
aina
nts
and
com
mun
ity s
poke
sper
sons
; and
(iv
) pro
mot
e sm
allh
olde
r inc
lusi
vity
in s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil
supp
ly c
hain
s. T
he b
ody
also
info
rmed
that
act
ion
has
been
ta
ken
agai
nst n
umer
ous
mem
bers
for n
ot s
ubm
ittin
g an
nual
pro
gres
s re
ports
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 45
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
31IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Nov
embe
rIn
done
sia
Labo
ur ri
ghts
: Ac
cord
ing
to A
mne
sty
Inte
rnat
iona
l, se
vera
l glo
bal f
ood/
hous
ehol
d go
od c
ompa
nies
sou
rced
pal
m o
il fro
m p
lant
atio
ns in
Indo
nesi
a w
here
labo
ur a
buse
s w
ere
unco
vere
d. T
he c
once
rned
pal
m o
il pr
oduc
er h
as w
elco
med
th
e N
GO
’s re
port,
sta
ting
that
it h
elpe
d hi
ghlig
ht la
bour
issu
es w
ithin
the
wid
er in
dust
ry a
nd in
Indo
nesi
a in
par
ticul
ar.
The
com
pany
reco
gnize
d th
e ne
ed fo
r bet
ter m
onito
ring
and
enfo
rcem
ent i
ts la
bour
rela
ted
com
mitm
ents
. With
rega
rd
to th
e co
ncer
ned
cons
umer
goo
d co
mpa
nies
, the
fact
that
all
of th
em c
laim
to u
se ‘s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil’
, sug
gest
s th
at
certi
ficat
ion
alon
e m
ay n
ot b
e su
ffici
ent t
o re
solv
e th
e hi
ghlig
hted
issu
es. F
indi
ng a
sol
utio
n w
ill re
quire
the
colla
bora
tion
of g
over
nmen
ts, c
ompa
nies
and
civ
il so
ciet
y or
gani
zatio
ns, t
he p
alm
oil
com
pany
sai
d.
32IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Nov
embe
rPe
ruRS
PO:
Last
Oct
ober
, a P
eruv
ian
palm
oil
prod
ucer
dec
ided
to
volu
ntar
ily w
ithdr
aw fr
om t
he R
SPO
. Acc
ordi
ng t
o a
com
plai
nt fi
led
by a
n in
dige
nous
com
mun
ity,
the
conc
erne
d co
mpa
ny c
lear
ed c
omm
unity
land
s, d
estro
yed
natu
ral
fore
sts,
and
pla
nted
oil p
alm
on
nativ
e cu
stom
ary
land
, alle
gedl
y vi
olat
ing
seve
ral R
SPO
rule
s an
d pr
inci
ples
. (Ea
rlier
this
ye
ar, a
larg
e pa
lm o
il gr
ower
in S
outh
east
Asi
a al
so d
ecid
ed to
with
draw
from
RSP
O, c
iting
sus
tain
abilit
y is
sues
in it
s su
pply
cha
in –
see
MPP
U Ju
ne’1
6).
33IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Dece
mbe
rG
loba
lRS
PO:
The
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il (RS
PO),
the
wor
ld’s
prin
cipa
l bod
y fo
r sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il cer
tifica
tion,
pu
blis
hed
the
follo
win
g pe
rform
ance
indi
cato
rs re
ferri
ng to
Dec
embe
r 201
6 (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’16
for i
nfor
mat
ion
conc
erni
ng
2015
): (i
) 3.2
5 m
illion
hec
tare
s of
oil
palm
are
cer
tified
sus
tain
able
(inc
ludi
ng g
roup
cer
tifica
tion
for s
mal
lhol
ders
), w
hich
re
pres
ents
abo
ut 1
8 pe
rcen
t of t
he w
orld
’s to
tal m
atur
e oi
l pal
m a
rea
and
com
pare
s to
a c
ertifi
ed a
rea
of 2
.77
milli
on h
a in
Dec
embe
r 201
5; (
ii) th
e an
nual
pro
duct
ion
capa
city
of R
SPO
-cer
tified
pal
m o
il am
ount
s to
12.
15 m
illion
tonn
es, o
r ab
out 2
0.8
perc
ent o
f glo
bal p
rodu
ctio
n; th
ese
figur
es a
re s
omew
hat b
elow
the
201
5 le
vels
, in
part
beca
use
of o
ne R
SPO
m
embe
rshi
p su
spen
sion
and
one
mem
ber’s
sel
f-with
draw
al fr
om R
SPO
cer
tifica
tion
(see
MPP
U J
une’
16);
(iii) a
ctua
l sa
les
of R
SPO
-cer
tified
pal
m o
il con
tinue
to fa
ll sho
rt of
tota
l sup
plie
s; th
e fig
ures
repo
rted
for 2
016
confi
rm th
at o
ver h
alf
of th
e av
aila
ble
certi
fied
prod
uct d
oes
not fi
nd a
buy
er a
nd is
sol
d as
con
vent
iona
l pal
m o
il, i.
e. w
ithou
t pric
e pr
emiu
m;
(iv) i
n 20
16, t
he th
ree
sale
s ch
anne
ls th
at a
re b
ased
on
phys
ical
sup
ply
chai
ns –
i.e.
seg
rega
ted,
iden
tity-
pres
erve
d an
d su
pply
-mas
s-ba
lanc
ed tr
ansa
ctio
ns –
acc
ount
ed fo
r 65
perc
ent o
f tot
al s
ales
; the
rem
aini
ng 3
5 pe
rcen
t wer
e m
arke
ted
via
Book
&Cla
im m
echa
nism
s (w
hich
con
tribu
te o
nly
indi
rect
ly t
o su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion
syst
ems)
– a
n im
prov
emen
t co
mpa
red
to 2
015,
whe
n Bo
ok&C
laim
sal
es a
ccou
nted
for a
bout
55
perc
ent o
f tot
al tr
ansa
ctio
ns.
34IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Fo
od p
rodu
cts
June
Indi
aVe
geta
ble
oil a
dulte
ratio
n: I
n In
dia,
new
cas
es o
f veg
etab
le o
il ad
ulte
ratio
n ha
ve b
een
repo
rted
in J
une
2016
(see
also
M
PPU
May
’15)
. A p
rivat
e co
nsum
er o
rgan
izatio
n te
sted
sam
ples
of l
oose
edi
ble
oil c
olle
cted
rand
omly
in o
pen
mar
kets
in
15
stat
es a
cros
s th
e co
untry
. Rep
orte
dly,
adul
tera
tion
with
pot
entia
lly h
ealth
thre
aten
ing
subs
tanc
es w
as fo
und
in
alm
ost h
alf o
f the
ove
r 1 0
00 s
ampl
es. T
he h
ighe
st ra
te o
f adu
ltera
tion
was
foun
d in
coc
onut
oil,
follo
wed
by
cotto
nsee
d,
sesa
me,
mus
tard
, gro
undn
ut, p
alm
olei
n, s
oy a
nd s
unflo
wer
oil.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
test
s fo
llow
ed b
oth
qual
ity a
nd s
afet
y pa
ram
eter
s as
pre
scrib
ed b
y FS
SAI (
Food
Saf
ety
and
Stan
dard
s Au
thor
ity o
f Ind
ia),
and
wer
e ca
rried
out
by
accr
edite
d la
bora
torie
s.
35IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Fo
od p
rodu
cts
Augu
stIta
lyPr
oduc
t ref
orm
ulat
ion:
In
Italy,
a fo
od m
anuf
actu
ring
grou
p re
porte
d to
hav
e re
plac
ed p
alm
oil
with
alte
rnat
ive
oils
suc
h as
sun
flow
er a
nd e
xtra
virg
in o
live
oil i
n 25
per
cent
of i
ts b
aker
y pr
oduc
ts. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e re
form
ulat
ion
proc
ess
is p
art
of o
ngoi
ng e
fforts
to re
duce
the
satu
rate
d fa
t con
tent
of t
he c
ompa
ny’s
food
item
s.
36IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Fo
od p
rodu
cts
Oct
ober
Indi
aFo
rtifie
d ed
ible
oil:
In
Indi
a, a
fter G
ujar
at, a
lso
Raja
stha
n st
ate
has
acco
mpl
ishe
d fu
ll vol
unta
ry fo
rtific
atio
n of
edi
ble
oils
, st
ate
gove
rnm
ent o
ffici
al in
form
ed. R
epor
tedl
y, th
roug
hout
the
stat
e te
rrito
ry, o
nly
oil f
ortifi
ed w
ith V
itam
in A
and
D is
be
ing
sold
. For
tifica
tion
is s
een
as s
igni
fican
t ste
p in
the
fight
aga
inst
mal
nutri
tion,
esp
ecia
lly a
mon
g th
e ru
ral p
opul
atio
n.
37IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Fe
ed
July
Euro
pean
Uni
on
Feed
labe
lling:
A c
ode
of g
ood
labe
lling
prac
tices
for c
ompo
und
feed
join
tly d
evel
oped
join
tly b
y Eu
rope
’s fe
ed in
dust
ry
and
farm
er a
ssoc
iatio
ns h
as b
een
offici
ally
end
orse
d by
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
. The
cod
e, w
hich
will
harm
onize
pr
actic
es a
cros
s EU
mem
ber s
tate
s, a
ims
to g
uide
feed
man
ufac
ture
rs o
n ho
w to
labe
l the
ir pr
oduc
ts w
hile
ena
blin
g fa
rmer
s to
mak
e inf
orm
ed d
ecis
ions
. The
code
incl
udes
a se
ctio
n on
clai
ms,
whi
ch p
rovi
des g
uida
nce o
n th
e sub
stan
tiatio
n of
cla
ims
and
lists
per
mitt
ed/p
rohi
bite
d cl
aim
s.
46 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
38BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YJa
nuar
yEu
rope
an U
nion
Bi
odie
sel s
tand
ard:
Eur
ope’
s st
anda
rdiza
tion
bodi
es a
gree
d to
rele
ase
a ne
w v
olun
tary
sta
ndar
d fo
r the
use
of B
20/B
30
(i.e.
die
sel b
lend
s co
ntai
ning
20
or 3
0 pe
rcen
t of b
iodi
esel
) in
com
pany
aut
omot
ive
fleet
s. T
he c
urre
nt d
iese
l fue
l sta
ndar
d on
ly a
llow
s up
to 7
per
cent
bio
dies
el c
onte
nt. T
he n
ew s
tand
ard
is c
ontin
gent
upo
n th
e bi
odie
sel p
ortio
n m
eetin
g th
e Eu
rope
an n
orm
for b
iodi
esel
EN
142
14. T
he a
pplic
atio
n of
the
new
sta
ndar
d is
spe
cific
ally
gea
red
tow
ard
fleet
s in
hea
vy
good
s ve
hicl
e tra
ffic.
39BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YJa
nuar
yN
orw
ayAv
iatio
n fu
el:
Osl
o ai
rpor
t in
Nor
way
has
bec
ome
the
first
com
mer
cial
airp
ort t
o off
er je
t bio
fuel
to a
ll ai
rline
s th
roug
h th
e no
rmal
sup
ply
mec
hani
sm (a
s op
pose
d to
spe
cial
ized
fuel
truc
ks).
The
biof
uel –
pro
duce
d fro
m c
amel
ina
sativ
a se
ed
grow
n in
Spa
in –
is b
lend
ed w
ith c
onve
ntio
nal je
t fue
l at a
ratio
of 4
8 pe
rcen
t bio
fuel
to 5
2 pe
rcen
t fos
sil f
uel (
for i
ndus
trial
an
d ot
her u
ses
of c
amel
ina
in E
urop
e, th
e U
nite
d St
ates
and
Can
ada
see
also
MPP
U F
eb./A
ug./D
ec.’1
1, A
pr./N
ov.’1
3,
Feb.
’14
& Fe
b.’1
5). R
epor
tedl
y, ot
her a
irpor
ts a
re a
lso
mov
ing
tow
ards
cre
atin
g ‘b
iopo
rts’ u
sing
a v
arie
ty o
f fee
dsto
ck,
incl
udin
g us
ed c
ooki
ng o
il. In
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on, a
pub
lic/p
rivat
e in
itiat
ive
laun
ched
in 2
011
aim
s at
a 3
.5 p
erce
nt
biof
uel s
hare
in a
ll av
iatio
n fu
el b
y 20
20 (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.’11)
.
40BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YM
arch
Tuni
sia
Biod
iese
l cer
tifica
tion:
A
biof
uel p
rodu
cer
in T
unis
ia h
as e
arne
d th
e Ro
undt
able
on
Sust
aina
ble
Biom
ater
ials
(RSB
) ce
rtific
atio
n fo
r bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n. T
he c
once
rned
com
pany
– a
llege
dly
the
first
one
in A
frica
– u
ses
excl
usiv
ely
used
co
okin
g oi
l as
feed
stoc
k. T
he fi
nish
ed fu
el is
sol
d to
the
Euro
pean
mar
ket.
The
com
pany
is a
lso
certi
fied
thro
ugh
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sus
tain
abilit
y an
d C
arbo
n C
ertifi
catio
n sy
stem
(ISC
C).
41BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YM
ayEu
rope
an U
nion
Bi
odie
sel e
mis
sion
mea
sure
men
t: A
new
stu
dy p
rese
nted
by
an e
nviro
nmen
tal a
dvoc
acy
grou
p su
gges
ts th
at, i
n th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
, bio
dies
el p
rodu
ced
from
cro
ps g
row
n on
agr
icul
tura
l lan
d ca
n le
ad to
sim
ilar o
r hig
her g
reen
hous
e ga
s em
issi
ons
than
the
foss
il di
esel
it re
plac
es –
whe
n th
e im
pact
of i
ndire
ct la
nd u
se c
hang
es is
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt. T
he
stud
y an
alys
ed p
alm
, rap
e an
d so
y-ba
sed
biod
iese
l.
42BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YM
ayTh
aila
ndBi
oene
rgy
prod
uctio
n: I
n Th
aila
nd, a
priv
ate
join
t ven
ture
ann
ounc
ed th
e co
mpl
etio
n of
a b
iom
ass
pow
er p
lant
cap
able
to
con
vert
coco
nut w
aste
into
ene
rgy.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e pl
ant,
whi
ch u
ses
high
-pre
ssur
e hi
gh-te
mpe
ratu
re te
chno
logy
, is
desi
gned
for t
he c
ombu
stio
n of
all
form
s of
coc
onut
was
te –
hus
k, s
hell,
bun
ches
, fro
nds,
leav
es a
nd tr
unk.
43BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YM
ayU
nite
d St
ates
Avia
tion
fuel
: U
.S. c
arrie
r Uni
ted
Airli
nes
info
rmed
that
it w
ill us
e a
blen
d of
30
perc
ent r
enew
able
jet f
uel –
pro
duce
d fro
m
non-
edib
le o
ils/fa
ts a
nd a
gric
ultu
ral w
aste
s –
and
70 p
erce
nt p
etro
leum
fuel
on
sele
cted
dom
estic
flig
hts.
Pur
porte
dly,
the
initi
ativ
e is
par
t of t
he c
ompa
ny’s
effor
ts to
redu
ce e
mis
sion
s an
d su
ppor
t ene
rgy
dive
rsifi
catio
n. L
ikew
ise,
the
Dutc
h ca
rrier
KLM
ann
ounc
ed th
at it
will
test
the
effici
ency
of c
amel
ina-
base
d je
t fue
l on
sele
cted
com
mer
cial
flig
hts.
Cam
elin
a is
a n
on-e
dibl
e oi
lsee
d cr
op s
uita
ble
for n
orth
ern
clim
ates
, whi
ch is
sai
d to
be
suita
ble
for c
ultiv
atio
n as
a ro
tatio
n cr
op in
re
lativ
ely
dry
area
s an
d on
thin
soi
ls.
44BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YJu
lyIn
done
sia
Bioe
nerg
y pr
oduc
tion:
St
ate-
owne
d po
wer
com
pany
PLN
info
rmed
tha
t it
cann
ot c
ompl
y w
ith g
over
nmen
t ru
les
on
burn
ing
dies
el c
onta
inin
g 30
per
cent
of p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel (
know
n as
B30
) bec
ause
suc
h bl
ends
wou
ld d
amag
e its
gen
erat
ors.
Und
er re
gula
tions
rele
ased
last
yea
r, st
artin
g in
Jan
uary
201
6, In
done
sian
pow
er fi
rms
are
requ
ired
to u
se
B30.
Com
men
ting
on P
LN’s
stat
emen
t, m
arke
t obs
erve
rs p
oint
ed o
ut th
at lo
wer
than
exp
ecte
d up
take
of b
iodi
esel
by
the
coun
try’s
elec
trici
ty s
ecto
r cou
ld w
eigh
on
dom
estic
and
inte
rnat
iona
l pal
m o
il pric
es –
giv
en th
at d
omes
tic s
uppl
ies
(and
he
nce
expo
rt av
aila
bilit
ies)
of p
alm
oil c
ould
exp
erie
nce
a si
gnifi
cant
rise
. The
gov
ernm
ent’s
201
6 ta
rget
for t
otal
dom
estic
up
take
of p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel (
by b
oth
the
trans
porta
tion
and
pow
er g
ener
atio
n se
ctor
s) is
6.1
milli
on to
nnes
, a le
vel
indu
stry
exp
erts
con
side
r to
be o
ut-o
f-rea
ch.
45BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YAu
gust
New
Zea
land
Biod
iese
l pro
duct
ion:
Th
e co
untry
’s fir
st c
omm
erci
al-s
cale
bio
dies
el p
lant
was
exp
ecte
d to
com
men
ce p
rodu
ctio
n in
Au
gust
201
6, re
porte
d pr
ivat
e so
urce
s. T
he c
once
rned
com
pany
is u
sing
ined
ible
tallo
w (a
byp
rodu
ct o
f the
mea
t ind
ustry
ty
pica
lly u
sed
in th
e m
anuf
actu
ring
of s
oap
and
cand
les)
as
feed
stoc
k, lik
ely
abso
rbin
g ab
out 1
2 pe
rcen
t of t
he c
ount
ry’s
ined
ible
tallo
w o
utpu
t. Th
e pl
ant’s
ann
ual b
iodi
esel
out
put i
s pe
gged
at 1
7 00
0 to
nnes
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 47
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
46BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YAu
gust
Uni
ted
King
dom
Biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck:
Acco
rdin
g to
indu
stry
sou
rces
, pal
m o
il is
no
long
er p
rese
nt in
the
ren
ewab
le b
iodi
esel
tha
t is
bl
ende
d in
to fo
ssil
fuel
s in
the
UK.
Rep
orte
dly,
palm
oil
cont
ent s
tarte
d dr
oppi
ng in
201
2, a
nd U
K bi
odie
sel –
whe
ther
pr
oduc
ed in
the
UK
or im
porte
d –
is n
ow la
rgel
y m
ade
from
was
te fe
edst
ock,
in p
artic
ular
use
d co
okin
g oi
l.
47BI
OFU
EL/B
IOEN
ERG
YN
ovem
ber
Indo
nesi
aBi
ogas
pro
duct
ion:
Rep
orte
dly,
an In
done
sian
pal
m o
il co
mpa
ny is
pro
duci
ng e
xces
s el
ectri
city
in it
s po
wer
pla
nts
that
ru
n on
bio
gas
prod
uced
from
pal
m o
il m
ill effl
uent
(PO
ME)
. PO
ME
– th
e w
aste
wat
er d
isch
arge
d at
pal
m o
il m
ills d
urin
g st
eriliz
atio
n, e
xtra
ctio
n an
d cl
arifi
catio
n pr
oces
ses
– pr
oduc
es la
rge
amou
nts
of m
etha
ne g
as v
ia a
naer
obic
dig
estio
n.
The
com
pany
is a
ppea
ling
to p
rivat
e in
vest
ors
and
stat
e el
ectri
city
pro
vide
rs to
buy
its
surp
lus
pow
er (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Ap
r.’15
).
48G
MO
ISSU
ESJa
nuar
yU
nite
d St
ates
GM
O la
bellin
g: R
espo
ndin
g to
cal
ls fo
r mor
e tra
nspa
renc
y in
food
pro
duct
ingr
edie
nts,
US-
base
d gl
obal
food
com
pany
C
ampb
ell S
oup
Co.
ann
ounc
ed it
s w
ithdr
awal
from
all e
fforts
led
by in
dust
ry g
roup
s op
posi
ng m
anda
tory
GM
O la
bellin
g.
The
com
pany
sai
d it
wou
ld s
uppo
rt th
e en
actm
ent
of f
eder
al l
egis
latio
n to
est
ablis
h a
sing
le m
anda
tory
lab
elin
g st
anda
rd fo
r G
M-d
eriv
ed fo
ods,
incl
udin
g ru
les
for
non-
GM
O c
laim
s m
ade
on fo
od p
acka
ging
. Las
t ye
ar, l
egis
lato
rs
and
conc
erne
d fe
dera
l age
ncie
s ha
d pr
opos
ed to
regu
late
GM
-labe
lling
natio
nwid
e on
a v
olun
tary
bas
is (s
ee M
PPU
Au
g. &
Dec
.’15)
, whi
le e
fforts
to in
trodu
ce m
anda
tory
labe
lling
cont
inue
to b
e pu
rsue
d in
sel
ecte
d st
ates
(see
MPP
U
June
’14)
. Cam
pbel
l Sou
p C
o. b
elie
ves
that
a n
atio
nal s
tand
ard
wou
ld b
ette
r inf
orm
con
sum
ers
and
pre-
empt
effo
rts a
t st
ate
leve
l tha
t cou
ld b
e im
prac
tical
and
con
fusi
ng. T
he c
ompa
ny s
aid
that
– w
hile
it re
cogn
izes
that
GM
Os
are
safe
– it
is
pre
pare
d to
labe
l all
of it
s U
S pr
oduc
ts fo
r the
pre
senc
e of
GM
-der
ived
ingr
edie
nts.
Rep
orte
dly,
abou
t thr
ee-q
uarte
rs
of th
e co
mpa
ny’s
prod
ucts
con
tain
suc
h in
gred
ient
s (n
otab
ly G
M s
oybe
ans,
mai
ze, r
apes
eed
and
suga
r bee
ts).
As to
the
extra
cos
ts in
volv
ed, t
he c
ompa
ny s
aid
they
wou
ld b
e m
anag
eabl
e –
prov
ided
labe
lling
was
regu
late
d at
fede
ral l
evel
.
49G
MO
ISSU
ESM
ayU
nite
d St
ates
GM
soy
bean
: Pr
ivat
e so
urce
s re
porte
d th
at le
adin
g gr
ain
trade
rs in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es c
ould
refra
in fr
om b
uyin
g so
ybea
ns
prod
uced
from
Mon
sant
o’s l
ates
t GM
varie
ty (R
ound
Up-
Read
y-2-
Xte
nd),
due
to c
once
rns t
hat t
he o
utst
andi
ng re
gula
tory
ap
prov
al in
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on c
ould
dis
rupt
inte
rnat
iona
l tra
de. E
arlie
r thi
s ye
ar, M
onsa
nto
star
ted
sellin
g th
e ne
w s
eed
in N
orth
Am
eric
a, a
ssum
ing
that
the
EU w
ould
gra
nt it
s ap
prov
al w
ithou
t del
ay. T
he c
ompa
ny, w
hich
exp
ecte
d fa
rmer
s in
th
e U
nite
d St
ates
and
Can
ada
to p
lant
the
new
see
d on
som
e 1.
4 m
illion
hec
tare
s, h
as n
ow o
ffere
d to
repl
ace
the
seed
s w
ith v
arie
ties
that
hav
e be
en c
lear
ed b
y th
e ke
y im
port
auth
oriti
es. T
he e
vent
sho
ws
that
trad
ers
are
incr
easi
ngly
relu
ctan
t to
buy
GM
pro
duct
s th
at h
ave
not b
een
gran
ted
regu
lato
ry a
ppro
val in
the
maj
or e
xpor
t mar
kets
. Rep
orte
dly,
to a
ddre
ss
the
trade
’s co
ncer
ns, s
ome
seed
com
pani
es h
ave
star
ted
sellin
g th
eir G
M v
arie
ties
unde
r con
tract
s th
at d
etai
l spe
cific
lo
catio
ns w
here
gro
wer
s ca
n de
liver
thei
r cro
ps.
50G
MO
ISSU
ESAu
gust
Aust
ralia
GM
vs.
non
-GM
rape
seed
: Au
stra
lian
rape
seed
gro
wer
s ha
ve s
ucce
eded
in c
aptu
ring
a pr
emiu
m fo
r non
-GM
pro
duce
th
anks
to v
olun
tary
mar
ket s
egre
gatio
n, a
ccor
ding
to in
dust
ry s
ourc
es. I
n Au
stra
lia, c
ultiv
atio
n of
GM
rape
seed
has
bee
n au
thor
ized
in V
icto
ria, N
ew S
outh
Wal
es a
nd W
este
rn A
ustra
lia. S
trict
seg
rega
tion
(incl
udin
g de
taile
d lo
gist
ic a
nd tr
ade
stan
dard
s) h
as b
een
intro
duce
d in
200
7, to
sep
arat
e G
M fr
om n
on-G
M ra
pese
ed th
roug
hout
the
deliv
ery
supp
ly c
hain
. In
dust
ry s
ourc
es e
stim
ate
that
out
of 2
2 m
illion
tonn
es o
f rap
esee
d ex
porte
d fro
m A
ustra
lia s
ince
201
0, 1
5 m
illion
tonn
es
– or
abo
ut tw
o th
irds
– ha
s be
en c
onve
ntio
nal p
rodu
ce, b
ough
t by
cust
omer
s pr
efer
ring
non-
GM
cro
ps, s
uch
as th
e EU
. Re
porte
dly,
grow
ers
have
rece
ived
an
estim
ated
AU
D 25
per
tonn
e pr
emiu
m (U
SD 1
9) fo
r the
ir no
n-G
M ra
pese
ed s
ales
.
51G
MO
ISSU
ESO
ctob
erG
loba
lN
on-G
M &
org
anic
veg
etab
le o
il: C
onte
ndin
g w
ith s
hifti
ng c
onsu
mer
pre
fere
nces
, mul
tinat
iona
l gra
in tr
adin
g fir
ms
are
step
ping
up
effor
ts to
offe
r foo
d in
gred
ient
s pe
rcei
ved
as m
ore
natu
ral.
Rece
ntly,
one
com
pany
sta
rted
offer
ing
on a
co
mm
erci
al s
cale
hig
h-ol
eic
sunfl
ower
oil
certi
fied
as n
ot g
enet
ical
ly m
odifi
ed, w
hile
ano
ther
com
pany
dec
ided
to a
dd
verifi
ed o
rgan
ic s
oybe
an o
il to
its e
xist
ing
rang
e of
cer
tified
non
-GM
soy
and
rape
seed
oil.
Whi
le h
elpi
ng th
eir c
usto
mer
s m
eet
incr
easi
ng d
eman
d fo
r no
n-G
M a
nd o
rgan
ic p
rodu
cts,
the
com
pani
es a
re s
eizin
g va
lue-
adde
d op
portu
nitie
s pr
esen
ted
by s
peci
alty
sup
ply
chai
ns.
48 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
52R&
D –
Oilc
rop
varie
ties
Febr
uary
Can
ada/
Fran
cePr
otei
n-ric
h no
n-G
M ra
pese
ed:
A bi
otec
h fir
m a
nnou
nced
the
laun
ch la
ter t
his
year
in C
anad
a of
a n
ew h
igh-
prot
ein
rape
seed
var
iety
. The
mea
l obt
aine
d fro
m t
he n
ew v
arie
ty is
sai
d to
con
tain
44
perc
ent
prot
ein,
com
pare
d to
abo
ut
37 p
erce
nt in
con
vent
iona
l rap
esee
d m
eal.
The
high
-pro
tein
low
-fibr
e m
eal h
as b
een
deve
lope
d (u
sing
con
vent
iona
l br
eedi
ng te
chni
ques
) to
prov
ide
pig
and
poul
try fa
rmer
s w
ith a
cos
t-effe
ctiv
e al
tern
ativ
e to
con
vent
iona
l soy
bean
mea
l, sa
id th
e co
mpa
ny. I
n a
join
t ven
ture
with
a F
renc
h se
ed fi
rm, C
anad
a’s
sprin
g-gr
own
varie
ty is
to b
e ad
apte
d to
be
culti
vate
d as
a w
inte
r cro
p in
Fra
nce.
53R&
D –
Oilc
rop
varie
ties
May
Arge
ntin
aG
roun
dnut
: Ar
gent
ina’
s Ag
ricul
tura
l Tec
hnol
ogy
Inst
itute
pre
sent
ed a
new
ear
ly-m
atur
ing
grou
ndnu
t var
iety
cha
ract
erize
d by
hig
h yi
elds
and
larg
e gr
ain
size
. The
ear
ly-m
atur
ing
trait
is s
aid
to a
llow
for
an e
arly
har
vest
, thu
s co
ntrib
utin
g to
en
hanc
ed e
ffici
ency
in m
arke
ting
and
crus
h op
erat
ions
. The
new
var
iety
, whi
ch b
elon
gs to
the
runn
er lo
w-o
leic
gro
undn
ut
grou
p, w
ill be
read
y fo
r com
mer
cial
izatio
n in
201
7.
54R&
D –
Oilc
rop
varie
ties
May
Uni
ted
Stat
esSa
fflow
erse
ed:
A gr
oup
of U
.S.-b
ased
bio
tech
com
pani
es a
nnou
nced
suc
cess
ful fi
eld
trial
s of
saffl
ower
pla
nts
that
pr
oduc
e an
edi
ble
oil w
ith h
igh
leve
ls o
f ara
chid
onic
aci
d, a
fatty
aci
d al
lege
d to
pro
vide
dev
elop
men
tal b
enefi
ts fo
r in
fant
s. T
he n
ewly
dev
elop
ed o
il cou
ld p
rovi
de a
rene
wab
le a
nd s
usta
inab
le s
ourc
e of
this
nut
ritio
nally
rele
vant
fatty
aci
d,
the
com
pani
es s
aid.
The
see
d an
d its
oil
are
pend
ing
regu
lato
ry a
ppro
val b
efor
e co
mm
erci
aliza
tion.
55R&
D –
Oilc
rop
varie
ties
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lO
meg
a-3
enric
hed
rape
seed
oil:
Effo
rts a
re u
nder
way
to d
evel
op a
n om
ega-
3 be
arin
g ra
pese
ed o
il for
use
as
both
a fi
sh
oil s
ubst
itute
in g
loba
l aqu
acul
ture
indu
strie
s an
d a
func
tiona
l foo
d in
gred
ient
. The
sea
rch
for a
via
ble
fish
oil s
ubst
itute
is
driv
en b
y th
e pe
rsis
tent
glo
bal s
uppl
y de
ficit
in m
arin
e oi
ls. A
lthou
gh it
is p
ossi
ble
to p
rodu
ce o
meg
a-3
fatty
aci
ds
from
alg
ae o
r fun
gi, p
rohi
bitiv
ely
high
pro
duct
ion
cost
s m
ake
thes
e op
tions
unp
rofit
able
. The
refo
re, t
he p
rivat
e se
ctor
ha
s in
vest
ed in
tech
nolo
gies
to tr
ansp
lant
gen
es b
earin
g th
e ta
rget
ed fa
tty a
cids
from
alg
ae in
to r
apes
eed,
so
as to
cr
eate
a s
usta
inab
le, p
lant
-bas
ed s
ourc
e of
om
ega-
3. O
nce
thes
e te
chni
ques
are
opt
imize
d, la
rge-
scal
e pr
oduc
tion
of
omeg
a-3
enric
hed
rape
seed
oil
is d
eem
ed fe
asib
le a
nd w
ould
eas
e ha
rves
ting
pres
sure
on
finite
wild
fish
pop
ulat
ions
, in
dust
ry s
ourc
es s
ay. T
estin
g an
d re
gula
tory
app
rova
l of t
he e
nhan
ced
rape
seed
are
und
erw
ay a
nd c
omm
erci
aliza
tion
is e
xpec
ted
som
etim
e af
ter 2
020.
The
new
pro
duct
cou
ld a
lso
broa
den
acce
ss to
om
ega-
3s in
hum
an d
iets
, pos
sibl
y m
akin
g an
ess
entia
l fat
ty a
cid
with
hig
h he
alth
ben
efits
mor
e av
aila
ble
and
affor
dabl
e to
pop
ulat
ions
aro
und
the
wor
ld.
(On
past
effo
rts to
rais
e th
e es
sent
ial f
atty
aci
d co
nten
t in
othe
r veg
etab
le o
ils s
ee M
PPU
Feb
’10,
Aug
’11,
Jun
e’13
& F
eb/
May
/Jul
’14.
)
56R&
D –
Oilc
rop
varie
ties
Nov
embe
rIn
dia
Mor
inga
oil
as b
iodi
esel
feed
stoc
k: A
n In
dian
com
pany
spe
cial
ized
in b
ioen
ergy
cro
p R&
D an
noun
ced
the
laun
ch o
f a
new
hig
h-yi
eldi
ng, p
est-t
oler
ant v
arie
ty o
f mor
inga
ole
ifera
. Mor
inga
is a
fast
-gro
win
g, d
roug
ht-re
sist
ant t
ree
nativ
e to
no
rthw
este
rn In
dia
that
is w
idel
y cu
ltiva
ted
in tr
opic
al a
nd s
ubtro
pica
l are
as fo
r var
ious
food
and
non
-food
pur
pose
s.
Whi
le to
dat
e m
orin
ga o
il ha
s be
en u
sed
mai
nly
as a
hig
h-va
lue
food
sup
plem
ent a
nd in
gred
ient
in c
osm
etic
/med
icin
al
prod
ucts
, the
hig
h-yi
eldi
ng v
arie
ty d
evel
oped
in In
dia
is m
eant
for u
se a
s a
biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck.
57R&
D –
Oilc
rop
varie
ties
Nov
embe
rU
nite
d St
ates
Her
bici
de to
lera
nt n
on-G
M ra
pese
ed:
A U
S-ba
sed
seed
com
pany
spe
cial
ized
in a
dvan
ced,
non
-tran
sgen
ic b
reed
ing
tech
niqu
es h
as d
evel
oped
a n
on-G
M,
herb
icid
e-to
lera
nt r
apes
eed
varie
ty u
sing
a p
aten
ted
‘gen
e-ed
iting
’ pr
oces
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Sep
’15)
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
tech
nolo
gy a
llow
s br
eede
rs to
mak
e pr
ecis
e ge
netic
cha
nges
in a
pla
nt’s
geno
me
with
out i
ntro
duci
ng fo
reig
n ge
netic
mat
eria
l into
the
plan
t – h
ence
its
non-
GM
and
non
-tran
sgen
ic c
hara
cter
. The
ne
w ra
pese
ed v
arie
ty is
sai
d to
pro
vide
the
bene
fits
of g
enet
ic e
ngin
eerin
g –
with
out t
he u
sual
regu
lato
ry re
stric
tions
and
co
nsum
er c
ritic
ism
s. L
imite
d co
mm
erci
aliza
tion
has
begu
n in
the
north
ern
Uni
ted
Stat
es, w
hile
, in
Can
ada,
the
varie
ty’s
rele
ase
hing
es u
pon
loca
l reg
ulat
ory
appr
oval
, whi
ch is
exp
ecte
d fo
r nex
t yea
r. Th
e ne
w p
rodu
ct c
ould
hav
e im
porta
nt
impl
icat
ions
for t
he ra
pese
ed in
dust
ry in
term
s of
mar
ket a
cces
s, p
artic
ular
ly in
mar
kets
that
are
relu
ctan
t to
buy
GM
pr
oduc
ts.
58R&
D –
Oliv
e oi
lM
arch
Spai
nEx
tract
ion
tech
nolo
gy:
Und
er p
rivat
e re
sear
ch u
nder
take
n in
Spa
in, a
new
oil e
xtra
ctio
n te
chno
logy
– w
here
ext
ract
ion
is
assi
sted
by
puls
ed e
lect
ric fi
elds
(PEF
) – h
as b
een
deve
lope
d to
incr
ease
ext
ract
ion
yiel
ds, w
hile
rais
ing
the
conc
entra
tion
of h
ealth
-rela
ted
com
pone
nts
and
cons
iste
ntly
mai
ntai
ning
the
oil q
ualit
y. Ba
sed
on th
e su
cces
sful
com
plet
ion
of p
ilot
trial
s, th
e ne
w te
chno
logy
is s
aid
to b
e re
ady
for c
omm
erci
al s
calin
g-up
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 49
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
59R&
D –
Oliv
e oi
lN
ovem
ber
Italy
Adul
tera
tion:
A te
am o
f Ita
lian
rese
arch
ers
has
iden
tified
new
mar
kers
to d
etec
t fra
ud in
refin
ed o
ils –
a m
ajor
con
cern
in
oliv
e oi
l mar
ketin
g, w
here
ext
ra v
irgin
oliv
e oi
ls a
re o
ften
blen
ded
with
refin
ed, c
heap
er o
ils. B
y id
entif
ying
com
poun
ds
that
hel
p re
veal
if re
fined
oil
has
been
add
ed to
virg
in o
il, th
e sc
ient
ists
hav
e de
liver
ed a
n ad
ditio
nal a
naly
tical
tool
to
com
bat a
dulte
ratio
n (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
May
’14
on a
com
para
ble
tool
).
60R&
D –
Oliv
e oi
lDe
cem
ber
Spai
nQ
ualit
y te
st/a
dulte
ratio
n: In
Spa
in, s
cien
tists
are
wor
king
on
a m
etho
d to
gau
ge o
live
oil a
uthe
ntic
ity a
nd q
ualit
y ba
sed
on
adva
nced
fore
nsic
tech
niqu
es. B
y cl
early
iden
tifyi
ng a
nd q
uant
ifyin
g th
e DN
A pr
esen
t in
virg
in o
live
oil,
the
new
tech
niqu
e (k
now
n as
‘dro
plet
dig
ital-P
CR’
) per
mits
rese
arch
ers
and
food
ana
lyst
s to
relia
bly
certi
fy th
e or
igin
and
com
posi
tion
of
any
oliv
e oi
l, th
ereb
y he
lpin
g to
det
ectin
g ad
ulte
ratio
ns. C
onsi
derin
g th
at, i
n gl
obal
oliv
e oi
l tra
de, f
raud
ulen
t pra
ctic
es
grea
tly im
pact
gro
wer
s, p
rodu
cers
and
trad
ers,
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f rel
iabl
e fra
ud-p
reve
ntio
n te
chni
ques
has
bec
ome
of
parti
cula
r rel
evan
ce (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
May
’14
& De
c.’1
6).
61R&
D –
Oliv
e oi
lDe
cem
ber
Spai
nO
live
seed
oil:
A S
pani
sh o
live
com
pany
is w
orki
ng o
n te
chni
ques
to o
ptim
ize o
il ex
tract
ion
from
the
seed
that
is fo
und
insi
de o
live
ston
es (a
s op
pose
d to
the
oil c
onta
ined
in th
e pu
lp o
r in
the
ston
e-hu
sk).
The
chem
ical
com
posi
tion
of o
live
seed
s, p
ulp,
and
sto
ne-h
usk
diffe
rs s
igni
fican
tly, w
ith o
il ex
tract
ed fr
om s
tone
s an
d, in
par
ticul
ar, f
rom
see
ds fe
atur
ing
high
am
ount
s of
pol
yphe
nols
and
ant
ioxi
dant
s. T
he la
tter c
ompo
unds
mak
e ol
ive
seed
oil s
uita
ble
for h
igh-
valu
e pr
oduc
ts
and
appl
icat
ions
in th
e co
smet
ics,
pha
rmac
olog
ical
and
func
tiona
l foo
ds s
ecto
r.
62R&
D –
Dise
ase
cont
rol
Janu
ary
Uni
ted
Stat
esSo
ybea
n di
seas
e: U
S re
sear
cher
s id
entifi
ed a
new
fung
us-b
ased
dis
ease
affe
ctin
g so
ybea
ns in
Mis
siss
ippi
Sta
te. N
amed
‘s
oybe
an ta
proo
t dec
line’
, the
dis
ease
can
be
spot
ted
durin
g th
e ve
geta
tive
stag
e an
d ha
s sy
mpt
oms
sim
ilar t
o so
me
othe
r soy
bean
dis
ease
s, in
clud
ing
the
yello
win
g of
leav
es w
hile
the
vein
s st
ay g
reen
. Res
earc
h on
the
orga
nism
cau
sing
th
e di
seas
e is
stil
l on-
goin
g, fo
llow
ing
whi
ch w
ork
on m
anag
ing
the
dise
ase
and
redu
cing
the
asso
ciat
ed y
ield
loss
es w
ill be
initi
ated
.
63R&
D –
Dise
ase
cont
rol
Nov
embe
rU
nite
d St
ates
Soyb
ean
dise
ase
cont
rol:
US
rese
arch
ers
pate
nted
a te
chno
logy
that
cou
ld h
elp
cont
rol t
he s
prea
d of
the
soyb
ean
cyst
nem
atod
e –
a da
nger
ous
pest
foun
d in
mos
t of t
he U
nite
d St
ates
, Sou
th A
mer
ica
and
Asia
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
te
chno
logy
allo
ws
to ‘s
ilenc
e’ c
erta
in g
enes
in th
e ne
mat
ode
that
wou
ld s
top
it fro
m re
prod
ucin
g. A
s th
e te
chno
logy
re
quire
s th
e ge
netic
mod
ifica
tion
of s
oybe
ans,
it w
ill ha
ve to
und
ergo
regu
lato
ry s
crut
iny
befo
re it
is m
ade
com
mer
cial
ly
avai
labl
e.
64R&
D –
Oilm
eals
Febr
uary
Uni
ted
Stat
esRa
pese
ed v
s. s
oybe
an m
eal:
In th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, a p
ublic
-priv
ate
rese
arch
pro
ject
eva
luat
ed th
e m
erits
of d
iffer
ent
prot
ein
supp
lem
ents
ava
ilabl
e in
cat
tle d
iets
. Acc
ordi
ng to
the
test
s con
duct
ed, c
onve
ntio
nal r
apes
eed
mea
l sup
plem
ents
re
sulte
d in
mor
e m
ilk a
nd m
ilk p
rote
in p
rodu
ctio
n pe
r day
than
soy
bean
mea
l. Ra
pese
ed m
eal s
uppl
emen
ts a
re a
rela
tivel
y ne
w o
ptio
n th
at s
tarte
d be
ing
used
as
prot
ein
sour
ce fo
r cat
tle w
hen
new
var
ietie
s w
ere
deve
lope
d. R
epor
tedl
y, pe
r uni
t of
pro
tein
, con
vent
iona
l rap
esee
d m
eal c
osts
abo
ut th
e sa
me
as s
tand
ard
soyb
ean
mea
l.
65R&
D –
Oilm
eals
Febr
uary
Uni
ted
Stat
esH
igh-
prot
ein
low
-fibr
e so
ymea
l: In
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, a
priv
ate
join
t ven
ture
pre
sent
ed a
new
soy
pro
tein
con
cent
rate
m
eant
to b
e us
ed a
s lo
w-c
ost r
epla
cem
ent f
or fi
shm
eal i
n th
e di
ets
of y
oung
pig
s, y
oung
pou
ltry
and
fish,
whi
ch re
quire
a
high
-pro
tein
/low
-fibr
e di
et. S
oybe
ans
natu
rally
con
tain
fibr
es a
nd c
ompl
ex s
ugar
s w
hich
inhi
bit n
utrie
nt a
bsor
ptio
n in
an
imal
s th
at h
ave
a si
ngle
-cha
mbe
red
stom
ach.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
conc
erne
d co
mpa
nies
dev
elop
ed a
cos
t-com
petit
ive
prop
rieta
ry w
ater
and
enz
ymat
ic tr
eatm
ent t
o re
mov
e th
e in
dige
stib
le c
ompo
nent
s. L
ives
tock
and
aqu
acul
ture
feed
ing
trial
s ar
e be
ing
cond
ucte
d to
val
idat
e pr
oduc
t cla
ims.
66R&
D –
Oilm
eals
Dece
mbe
rU
nite
d St
ates
Soyb
ean
mea
l in
aqua
cultu
re:
In th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, the
soy
bean
indu
stry
is s
uppo
rting
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f an
impr
oved
so
ybea
n m
eal f
or u
se in
the
aqua
cultu
re s
ecto
r. Re
sear
cher
s ar
e fo
cusi
ng o
n an
enz
yme
treat
men
t, w
hich
– w
ithou
t da
mag
ing
the
amin
o ac
ids
– re
duce
s th
e am
ount
of
anti-
nutri
tiona
l fac
tors
tha
t im
pair
fish
dige
stio
n. In
itial
fee
ding
st
udie
s su
gges
t tha
t hig
h in
clus
ion
leve
ls o
f the
mod
ified
mea
l in
fish
diet
s is
pos
sibl
e w
ithou
t dec
reas
ing
perfo
rman
ce.
The
new
mea
l is
said
to re
mai
n si
mila
r to
conv
entio
nal p
rodu
ce w
ith re
gard
to it
s ph
ysic
al p
rope
rties
.
50 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
67R&
D –
Tran
s fa
tsO
ctob
erG
loba
lTr
ans
fat-f
ree
hydr
ogen
atio
n: T
rans
fatty
aci
ds d
evel
op w
hen
vege
tabl
e oi
ls a
re h
ydro
geni
zed
to in
crea
se th
eir s
tabi
lity.
As tr
ans
fats
are
kno
wn
to b
e ha
zard
ous
to h
uman
hea
lth, n
umer
ous
coun
tries
hav
e re
gula
ted
thei
r pre
senc
e in
food
ch
ains
(se
e M
PPU
Dec
.’09,
Jun
e’13
, Ju
ly/Se
p.’1
5, a
nd F
eb.’1
6).
Acco
rdin
g to
indu
stry
sou
rces
, a
trans
fat
-free
oil
proc
essi
ng te
chni
que
has
now
bee
n de
velo
ped
and
is re
ady
to b
e us
ed b
y a
glob
al a
grib
usin
ess
and
food
com
pany
. The
ne
w te
chno
logy
, whi
ch is
bas
ed o
n en
zym
atic
inte
rest
erifi
catio
n, is
des
crib
ed a
s a
heal
thy
and
mor
e effi
cien
t alte
rnat
ive
to p
artia
l hyd
roge
natio
n. A
llege
dly,
the
new
met
hod
prod
uces
zer
o tra
ns fa
tty a
cids
, req
uire
s fe
wer
pro
cess
ing
step
s an
d oc
curs
nat
ural
ly a
t a lo
wer
, ene
rgy
savi
ng te
mpe
ratu
re –
whi
le a
lso
enha
ncin
g th
e st
abilit
y of
edi
ble
oils
.
68R&
D –
Tran
s fa
tsDe
cem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esTr
ans
fat-f
ree
hydr
ogen
atio
n: A
gro
up o
f sci
entis
ts in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es c
laim
s to
hav
e de
velo
ped
a no
vel t
echn
ique
to
hydr
ogen
ate
vege
tabl
e oi
ls w
hich
doe
s no
t pro
duce
unh
ealth
y tra
ns fa
tty a
cids
. Con
vent
iona
l hyd
roge
natio
n pr
oces
ses
(whi
ch a
re e
ssen
tial f
or th
e st
abiliz
atio
n of
veg
etab
le o
ils) g
o ha
nd in
han
d w
ith th
e ge
nera
tion
of tr
ans
fats
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
tec
hniq
ue, n
amed
Hig
h-vo
ltage
Atm
osph
eric
Col
d Pl
asm
a (H
VAC
P) h
ydro
gena
tion,
rel
ies
on a
hig
h-vo
ltage
el
ectri
cal c
urre
nt t
o sp
lit h
ydro
gen
mol
ecul
es. C
urre
ntly,
the
tea
m o
f res
earc
hers
is in
vest
igat
ing
met
hods
to
redu
ce
hydr
ogen
atio
n tim
e fro
m s
ever
al h
ours
to a
cou
ple
of m
inut
es.
69O
VERS
EAS
INVE
STM
ENT
Janu
ary
Chi
naG
loba
l tra
de:
Afte
r acq
uirin
g, in
201
4, a
51-
perc
ent s
take
in th
e ag
ribus
ines
s un
it of
glo
bal t
radi
ng fi
rm N
oble
Gro
up
(see
MPP
U M
ay’1
4), C
hina
’s st
ate-
owne
d gr
ain
trade
r and
pro
cess
or C
OFC
O is
now
exp
ecte
d to
acq
uire
Nob
le A
gri’s
re
mai
ning
49
perc
ent s
take
– a
mov
e m
eant
to c
onso
lidat
e th
e co
untry
’s pr
esen
ce in
inte
rnat
iona
l gra
in a
nd o
ilsee
ds
mar
kets
.
70O
VERS
EAS
INVE
STM
ENT
Dece
mbe
rC
hina
/Ka
zakh
stan
Glo
bal t
rade
: In
Kaz
akhs
tan,
a C
hine
se c
ompa
ny o
pene
d an
oils
eed
proc
essi
ng fa
cilit
y in
par
tner
ship
with
a lo
cal fi
rm.
The
join
t ven
ture
was
set
up
to s
uppl
y ve
geta
ble
oil t
o C
hina
and
ther
efor
e co
mpl
emen
ts e
arlie
r effo
rts b
y C
hina
– g
iven
do
mes
tic p
rodu
ctio
n co
nstra
ints
– t
o ra
ise
the
coun
try’s
pres
ence
in in
tern
atio
nal m
arke
ts a
nd fo
ster
dire
ct p
rodu
ct
sour
cing
(see
also
MPP
U N
ov.’1
4 &
Feb.
’16)
. Kaz
akhs
tan,
on
the
othe
r han
d, w
elco
med
Chi
nese
inve
stm
ents
into
the
coun
try’s
food
indu
stry
as
a m
eans
to d
iver
sify
its
min
eral
oil-
depe
nden
t eco
nom
y.
71O
VERS
EAS
INVE
STM
ENT
Dece
mbe
rM
alay
sia/
Philip
pine
sPu
blic
-priv
ate-
partn
ersh
ip:
Und
er P
IOPI
C –
a b
ilate
ral p
ublic
-priv
ate
partn
ersh
ip fo
r the
dev
elop
men
t of t
he P
hilip
pine
oi
l pal
m in
dust
ry –
a g
roup
of M
alay
sian
com
pani
es is
set
to d
evel
op 1
20 0
00 h
ecta
res
of o
il pla
ntat
ion
in th
e Ph
ilippi
nes’
M
inda
nao
regi
on. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e in
vest
men
t will
incl
ude
the
train
ing
of fa
rmer
s, th
e co
nstru
ctio
n of
mills
incl
udin
g bi
ogas
pl
ants
, and
bas
ic in
frast
ruct
ure
wor
ks.
72TR
ANSP
ORT
IN
FRAS
TRU
CTU
REJa
nuar
yBr
azil
Expo
rt en
hanc
emen
t: In
depe
nden
t obs
erve
rs p
oint
ed o
ut th
at th
e on
-goi
ng e
xpan
sion
of B
razil
’s so
ybea
n an
d m
aize
ex
ports
was
faci
litat
ed b
y re
cent
impr
ovem
ents
in th
e co
untry
’s po
rt in
frast
ruct
ure.
Impr
ovem
ents
mai
nly
conc
ern
the
so-c
alle
d ‘A
rco
Nor
te’ (
Nor
ther
n Ar
c), w
hich
com
pris
es ri
ver p
orts
on
the
Amaz
on a
nd s
ea p
orts
on
the
coun
try’s
north
ern
Atla
ntic
coa
st (s
ee al
so M
PPU
May
’14
& Se
p.’1
5). A
fter m
ajor
priv
ate
inve
stm
ents
add
ed c
apac
ity a
t sev
eral
rive
r ter
min
als,
ba
rge
haul
sys
tem
s an
d co
asta
l por
ts, s
hipm
ents
via
the
north
ern
expo
rt co
rrido
r are
est
imat
ed to
hav
e ex
pand
ed b
y 50
per
cent
in 2
015,
sig
nific
antly
relie
ving
the
burd
en o
n hi
ghly
con
gest
ed s
outh
boun
d hi
ghw
ays
and
over
crow
ded
ports
al
ong
Braz
il’s s
outh
ern-
east
ern
and
sout
hern
coa
st. R
epor
tedl
y, sh
ippi
ng g
rain
s an
d oi
lsee
ds fr
om M
ato
Gro
sso
and
othe
r C
entre
-Wes
t/Nor
thea
st s
tate
s th
roug
h th
e Ar
co N
orte
(rat
her
than
thro
ugh
the
tradi
tiona
l sou
ther
n ro
utes
) cut
s tra
nspo
rtatio
n co
sts
by 3
5–45
per
cent
. Mar
ket o
bser
vers
reck
on th
at th
ere
is ro
om fo
r Arc
o N
orte
exp
orts
to in
crea
se
furth
er in
201
6, p
rovi
ded
the
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t com
plet
ed a
num
ber o
f crit
ical
road
and
rail
links
. Thi
s co
ncer
ns in
pa
rticu
lar h
ighw
ay B
R-16
3 co
nnec
ting
Mat
o G
ross
o to
two
Amaz
on b
arge
term
inal
s, M
iritit
uba
and
Sant
arem
, whe
re
addi
tiona
l cap
acity
is s
aid
to b
e al
read
y av
aila
ble.
In th
is re
gard
, ind
ustry
repr
esen
tativ
es e
xpre
ssed
con
cern
that
, und
er
the
coun
try’s
curre
nt e
cono
mic
cris
is, p
ublic
spe
ndin
g fo
r tra
nspo
rt in
frast
ruct
ure
coul
d be
sev
erel
y cu
t, w
hich
wou
ld
slow
dow
n th
e ex
pans
ion
in a
gric
ultu
ral e
xpor
ts.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016 51
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
73TR
ANSP
ORT
IN
FRAS
TRU
CTU
REFe
brua
ryBr
azil
Wat
erw
ay m
anag
emen
t: B
razil
’s Ti
etê-
Para
ná w
ater
way
, a k
ey t
rans
port
corri
dor
for
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
(incl
udin
g so
ybea
ns) r
e-op
ened
afte
r a
20-m
onth
clo
sure
cau
sed
by a
pro
long
ed d
roug
ht (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’15)
. The
reo
peni
ng
follo
wed
rece
nt ra
ins
that
rais
ed w
ater
leve
ls o
f riv
ers
situ
ated
in s
outh
ern
and
cent
ral-w
este
rn s
tate
s. D
urin
g th
e cl
osur
e,
farm
pro
duct
s fro
m s
ever
al k
ey fa
rmin
g st
ates
had
to b
e di
verte
d to
mor
e ex
pens
ive
road
and
rail
netw
orks
.74
TRAN
SPO
RT
INFR
ASTR
UC
TURE
July
Braz
ilEx
port
enha
ncem
ent:
Mat
o G
ross
o st
ate
offici
als
deem
impr
oved
tran
spor
t opt
ions
via
Bra
zil’s
north
ern
expo
rt co
rrido
rs
(the
so-c
alle
d ‘A
rco
Nor
te’)
to b
e th
e m
ain
driv
ing
forc
e be
hind
the
on-g
oing
exp
ansi
on o
f soy
bean
pla
ntin
gs in
the
stat
e.
The
impr
ovem
ents
con
sist
of r
oad
upgr
ades
that
pro
vide
dire
ct a
cces
s to
new
term
inal
s on
the
Amaz
on R
iver
and
to
seap
orts
alo
ng t
he n
orth
ern
Atla
ntic
coa
st. T
hese
nor
thbo
und
rout
es r
educ
e th
e st
ate’
s ne
ed t
o sh
ip g
rain
s th
roug
h th
e hi
ghly
con
gest
ed s
outh
boun
d hi
ghw
ays
to d
ista
nt p
orts
on
Braz
il’s s
outh
east
ern
and
sout
hern
coa
st (
see
also
M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
. Acc
ordi
ng to
indu
stry
est
imat
es, i
n 20
16, a
reco
rd 3
4 pe
rcen
t of M
ato
Gro
sso’
s so
ybea
n sh
ipm
ents
will
trans
it th
roug
h th
e Ar
co N
orte
, with
the
rem
aini
ng 6
6 pe
rcen
t hea
ding
sou
th. I
n 20
14, t
he c
orre
spon
ding
sha
res
wer
e,
resp
ectiv
ely,
18 a
nd 8
2 pe
rcen
t.75
MAR
KETS
& F
INAN
CE
May
Chi
naRa
pese
ed m
eal f
utur
es m
arke
ts:
The
Zhen
gzho
u C
omm
odity
Exc
hang
e ra
ised
its
trans
actio
n fe
es fo
r som
e in
stitu
tiona
l in
vest
ors
for r
apes
eed
mea
l fut
ures
con
tract
s, e
ffect
ive
13 M
ay 2
016.
76M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EM
ayU
nite
d St
ates
Soyb
ean
futu
res
mar
kets
: Th
e C
ME
Gro
up ra
ised
the
max
imum
dai
ly p
rice
chan
ge p
erm
itted
on
soyb
ean
cont
ract
s by
5
US
cent
s to
65
US
cent
s pe
r bus
hel.
The
new
pric
e lim
it ha
s co
me
into
effe
ct o
n 20
Apr
il 20
16.
77M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EJu
nePh
ilippi
nes
Loan
pro
gram
me
- coc
onut
: Re
porte
dly,
in 2
015,
a P
hilip
pine
priv
ate
bank
form
ed in
199
4 w
ith th
e sp
ecifi
c pu
rpos
e of
ch
anne
lling
cred
it to
coc
onut
farm
ers,
pro
vide
d lo
ans
wor
th P
HP
609.
8 m
illion
(USD
13.
2 m
illion
) to
som
e 18
000
sm
all
coco
nut
farm
ers
in 6
6 ou
t of
the
cou
ntry
’s 68
coc
onut
pro
vinc
es.
The
loan
s fin
ance
d liv
elih
ood
activ
ities
of
smal
l ho
useh
olds
, in
clud
ing
villa
ge-b
ased
pro
cess
ing
of c
ocon
ut b
y-pr
oduc
ts,
cash
cro
p cu
ltiva
tion,
liv
esto
ck r
aisi
ng,
and
mar
ketin
g pr
ojec
ts.
To b
e ab
le t
o se
rve
rem
ote
coco
nut
area
s, t
he b
ank
partn
ered
with
far
mer
s/fa
rm w
orke
rs
orga
niza
tions
, NG
Os
and
rura
l fina
ncia
l ins
titut
ions
. The
ban
k ai
ms
at ra
isin
g its
tota
l len
ding
vol
ume
to P
HP
710
milli
on
(USD
15.
4 m
illion
) in
2016
.78
MAR
KETS
& F
INAN
CE
June
Uni
ted
Stat
esPa
lm o
il fut
ures
mar
ket:
Chi
cago
-bas
ed c
omm
odity
exc
hang
e C
ME
form
ed a
par
tner
ship
with
Bur
sa M
alay
sia D
eriva
tives
an
d Th
omso
n Re
uter
s to
ext
end
its a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
by a
ddin
g fo
ur n
ew p
alm
oil
cont
ract
s –
Mal
aysi
an c
rude
pal
m
oil a
nd p
alm
ole
in c
alen
dar f
utur
es, M
alay
sian
cru
de p
alm
oil
aver
age
pric
e op
tions
, and
Bur
sa M
alay
sia
crud
e pa
lm o
il-ga
soil
spre
ad fu
ture
s. T
he m
ove
is m
eant
to o
ffer c
usto
mer
s in
crea
sed
flexi
bilit
y an
d effi
cien
cy in
man
agin
g ex
posu
re to
pr
ice
vola
tility
in p
alm
oil
mar
kets
.79
MAR
KETS
& F
INAN
CE
Oct
ober
Uni
ted
Stat
esSo
ybea
n fu
ture
s m
arke
t: T
he C
ME
Gro
up in
form
ed t
hat,
from
1 N
ovem
ber
2016
, the
max
imum
dai
ly p
rice
chan
ge
perm
itted
on
soyb
ean
cont
ract
s at
CBO
T is
70
US
cent
s pe
r bu
shel
– u
p 5
US
cent
s fro
m t
he li
mit
in p
lace
sin
ce
April
201
6. T
he n
ew li
mit
will
rem
ain
in e
ffect
unt
il M
ay 2
017.
80M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EN
ovem
ber
Tuni
sia
Loan
pro
gram
me
- ol
ive:
Th
e Eu
rope
an B
ank
for
Reco
nstru
ctio
n an
d De
velo
pmen
t (E
BRD)
is le
ndin
g EU
5 m
illion
(U
SD 5
.3 m
illion
) to
Tuni
sia’
s ol
ive
oil i
ndus
try t
o su
ppor
t th
e se
ctor
’s de
velo
pmen
t an
d pr
omot
e th
e ex
porta
tion
of
bottl
ed o
il. T
unis
ia is
the
wor
ld’s
fifth
larg
est p
rodu
cer o
f oliv
e oi
l and
rank
s th
ird a
mon
g ex
porte
rs. C
urre
ntly,
mos
t of t
he
coun
try’s
prod
uctio
n is
exp
orte
d in
bul
k. E
nd-c
onsu
mer
s te
nd to
be
unaw
are
of th
e pr
oduc
t’s o
rigin
bec
ause
, typ
ical
ly,
oliv
e oi
l fro
m T
unis
ia is
ble
nded
with
oth
er o
rigin
s, in
par
ticul
ar It
alia
n an
d Sp
anis
h ol
ive
oils
. By
prom
otin
g th
e bo
ttlin
g of
oliv
e oi
l in
Tuni
sia,
EBR
D w
ants
to c
reat
e a
valu
e ad
ded
prod
uct t
hat o
ffers
hig
her e
cono
mic
retu
rns
and
help
s th
e co
untry
bui
ld a
bra
nd.
52 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2016
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n *
81M
ARKE
TS &
FIN
ANC
EN
ovem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esSo
ymea
l fut
ures
mar
ket:
The
CM
E G
roup
info
rmed
of a
redu
ctio
n in
the
prot
ein
cont
ent f
or it
s so
ymea
l fut
ures
con
tract
by
0.5
per
cent
, to
47.5
per
cent
, as
of 1
5 De
cem
ber
2016
. Del
iver
ies
agai
nst
the
cont
ract
will
be a
ccep
ted
up t
o a
min
imum
of 4
7.0
perc
ent.
The
dow
nwar
d ad
just
men
t was
mad
e to
refle
ct th
e de
crea
sing
pro
tein
con
tent
of U
S-gr
own
soyb
eans
.
82
MAR
KETS
& F
INAN
CE
Dece
mbe
rC
hina
Soym
eal f
utur
es m
arke
t: C
hina
’s se
curit
ies
regu
lato
r ha
s ap
prov
ed t
he la
unch
by
the
Dalia
n C
omm
odity
Exc
hang
e of
soy
bean
mea
l opt
ions
. Cur
rent
ly, th
e ex
chan
ge is
see
king
pub
lic c
omm
ents
on
cont
ract
spe
cific
atio
ns a
nd re
late
d is
sues
. Rep
orte
dly,
follo
win
g th
e su
cces
sful
laun
ch o
f fut
ures
con
tract
s fo
r oils
eeds
, oils
and
mea
ls in
201
5, in
dust
ry
play
ers
calle
d fo
r the
intro
duct
ion
of o
ptio
ns c
ontra
cts
as a
n ad
ditio
nal r
isk
man
agem
ent t
ool.
Agric
ultu
ral o
ptio
ns a
re
exte
nsiv
ely
used
by
farm
ers
and
inve
stor
s in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
nd E
urop
e.
* N
ote
that
for r
elat
ed h
isto
ric in
form
atio
n th
e re
ader
is d
irect
ed –
bet
wee
n br
acke
ts, i
n ita
lic p
rint –
to p
ast i
ssue
s of
the
‘Oilc
rops
Mon
thly
Pric
e an
d Po
licy
Upd
ate
(MPP
U)’,
w
hich
can
be
retri
eved
on-
line
at h
ttp://
ww
w.fa
o.or
g/ec
onom
ic/e
st/p
ublic
atio
ns/o
ilcro
ps-p
ublic
atio
ns/m
onth
ly-p
rice-
and-
polic
y-up
date
/en/
.
The present document can be downloaded from the FAO website at URL http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oilcrops/oilcrop-policies/en/. The source publication, FAO’s Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), can be found on webpage http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/oilcrops-publications/monthly-price-and-policy-update/en/, which also provides access to an electronic, searchable archive and explanations on how to subscribe to a dedicated mailing list.
Le présent document peut être téléchargé sur le site web de la FAO à l’adresse URL suivante: http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oleagineux/politiques-oleagineuses/fr/. La publication de référence, le bulletin FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), peut être téléchargée sur la page web http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/publications-sur-oleagineux/bulletin-mensuel-sur-les-prix-et-politiques/fr/, qui fournit également un accès à une archive électronique et explique comment s’abonner à la liste de diffusion dédiée.
El presente documento se puede bajar del sitio web de la FAO en la URL http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oleaginosas/politicas-oleaginosas/es/. La publicación de origen, el boletín FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), se puede consultar en la página web http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publicaciones/publicaciones-sobre-oleaginosas/oilcrops-monthly-price-and-policy-update/es/, que también da acceso a un archivo electrónico de búsqueda y facilita instrucciones sobre cómo suscribirse a una lista de correo especializada.
CONTACT CONTACT CONTACTO
I7057EN/1/04.17
ISBN 978-92-5-109712-0
9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 9 7 1 2 0