Sector Coupling – a view from a German TSO
Transcript of Sector Coupling – a view from a German TSO
Sector Coupling – a view from a German TSOEnergetika, St. Petersburg
13.11.2019, Michael Kranhold
1. 50Hertz – The North East Transmission System Operator
2. Sector Coupling Prospects for Germany
3. Laboratories of Energiewende
4. Outlook
Agenda
2Titel der Präsentation
1. 50Hertz – The North East Transmission System Operator
2. Sector Coupling Prospects for Germany
3. Laboratories of Energiewende
4. Outlook
Agenda
3Titel der Präsentation
The Transmission System Operator 50Hertz
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One of four German Transmission System Operators
Ensures electricity supply to about 18 million people in Germany
Transmission System Operator for Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt und Thuringia
Responsible for the operation, maintenance and construction of “electricity highways”(220 kV and 380 kV)
Company Profile
Hamburg
Berlin
Transmission grids are the technical backbone of the energy supplyin Germany and in Europe
5Company Profile
Transmission gridownership
System operation
Market development
Trustee
In charge of operation, maintenance and the development of extra-high-voltage lines and power junctions (substations) as well as for the connection of large-scale generators and consumers(including offshore)
Catalyst for the development of the energy market, especially in Northern and Central-Eastern Europe.
Responsible for managing cash flows resulting from the German Renewable Energy Law (EEG).
Responsible for system security: system stability of the transmission system around the clock: frequency control and voltage regulation, congestion management.
DSO – low level (< 110 kV)
DSO – 1st level (≤ 110 kV)
DSO – 2nd to m. level (< 110 kV)
The power system in the 50Hertz grid area
6Company Profile
5 TSOs12 conv. Power plants/ energy
storages
- TenneT- CEPS- PSE
- Energinet.dk- Svenska kraftnät
- Schwarze Pumpe- Boxberg- Jänschwalde- Lippendorf- Reuter West- Goldisthal
- Markersbach- Hohenwarte II- Brunsbüttel (GKW)- Moorburg- Rostock- Schkopau
Other DSOs
10 Distribution system operators
159 Distribution system operators
Approx. 1200 Wind farms
200 Wind farms
PV, Biomasse & other EEG - facilities
CHP and IPP
CHP and IPP
CHP and IPP
PV-, Biomasse- und sonstige EEG-Anlagen
- AVACON- E.DIS- ENSO Netz- SW Magdeburg - MITNETZ Strom
- Stromnetz Berlin- Stromnetz Hamburg- TEN- WEMAG Netz- SW Staßfurt
9 Windfarms 3 Steel plants- 7 onshore- 2 offshore
Cascading
PV, Biomasse & other EEG - facilities
Source: 50Hertz; as of 31.12.2017
TSO (400 kV, 220 kV)
630 balancing group managers1796 balancing groups
RE development in Germany
7Company Profile
The implementation of the German Renewable Energy Law (EEG) led to a massive growth of RE in Germany.
Shad
edAr
ea p
ropo
rtian
alto
inst
alle
dca
paci
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2000 2006 2018
− ~ 30.000 plants− 1.665* MW installed wind capacity
− ~ 221.000 plants− 2.233* MW installed wind
capacity
− > 1.600,000 plants− 49.628* MW installed wind
capacity− 41.687* MW installed PV capacity
Soruce: 50Hertz; 50Hertz, TenneT, Amprion, TransnetBW, Google Earth; *Preliminary data
Wind
PV
Biomass
1. 50Hertz – The North East Transmission System Operator
2. Sector Coupling Prospects for Germany
3. Laboratories of Energiewende
4. Outlook
Agenda
8Titel der Präsentation
Sector coupling: Power to gas
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Blue Hydrogen
Power gridPower gridGas networkGas network
Energy storage/ electrification
Energy storage/ electrification
Electro mobility
Renewables
Households and Industries
H2
HouseholdsIndustries
Gas feed-in
Natural gas Steam reforming
Green Hydrogen
Renewables Electrolysis
Power-to-GasPower-to-Gas
Split natural gas into CO2 and hydrogen
Residual gasses also in H-vision scope
CO2 stored or re-used
Split water into hydrogen by electrolysis powered by
wind and sun
no CO2 emitted
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So far, 29 % of the targeted 40 % reduction of greenhouse gases by 2020 has been achieved
Particularly the household and traffic sectors have so far contributed little to GHG reduction. Sector coupling could remedy this.
Source: Umweltbundesamt (2018); Klimaschutzplan 2050 (2016)
132 120 105 120
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250164 180 155 170
427 360 355 318
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3520
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Mio. t
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1990
884
-132 t
-29% -40% -80%
Other sectorsAgriculture
Energy industrytransport
Industry and GHD
HouseholdsTarget path
Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and others) in CO2 equivalents
Action gap in target path
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Increased RE feed-in reduces the residual load over the course of the year, but not the peakload
The share of annual hours covered by RE increases by 2030. Further flexiblisation of consumption and increase of European exchange is to be expected.
07.11.2019
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1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
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German load duration curve for 2017
Total load Residual load
1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
15 minute values:Load: min 29.5 GW max 79.5 GWResidual load: min 0.2 MW max 73 GW
... and a projection for 2030
Annual hours
Annual hours
Residual load Load covered by RE generation
GW GWIncreasing consumption of electricity, incl. DSM and Power-to-X
Source: Extrapolation by German TSOs (2018); GDP (2019) scenario 2030B
Interconnectors neglected
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Despite sector coupling, the electricity consumption in Germany hardly rises by 2035
Even when assumptions are high for the prevalence of electric vehicles, the effect of sector coupling on electricity consumption remains low.
07.11.2019
1Without transmission losses and pumped storage offtake; with 8 million electric cars in 2035Source: Federal Environment Agency (2017), Grid Development Plan 2035B (2019)
Limited effect of sector coupling on the total energy consumption
Power to Heat applications have larger effects on energy consumption than electric mobility
High insecurity about the increase in electric vehicles and heat pumps
High insecurity about the evolution of the total energy consumption
11.5 %
Net electricity consumption1 in Germany
Influence ofsector coupling
TWh
Remarks
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40,4%
23,2%
3,8%3,8%
21,9%
3,0%
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2015
0,2%0,4%2,3%
530
25,2%
28,4%
43,5%
524
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+1,1%
Other PtXElectromobilityHeat pumps
HouseholdsOther
ServicesIndustry
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Peak loads caused by electric mobility are hardly significant compared with the total load
Peakloads caused by electric mobility have hardly any importance compared with the total load.
07.11.2019
1Based on the GDP 2035B using the example of 07/02/2035, 10 million electric cars Source: Grid Development Plan 2035B (2017)
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90 84 GW
4:00
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Electromobility
ServiceHeat pumps
Households
Other Industry
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7 GW
Smart charging
Fast charging
Load profile for electric mobility contains 20 % of flexible applications and 80 % of regular charging behaviour
Peakload due to electric mobility(7 GW) and across all sectors(84 GW) on a weekday in the coldest winter week
Increase of peakload can be limited by flexibility in the system
Predicted1 load curve per sector Assumptions
GW GW
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The need for power-to-gas is controversial ...
– Power-to-gas is not necessary or economically viable for an 80% reduction in German greenhouse gas emissions. (Long-term scenarios BMWi 2017)
– "The -95% targets can not be achieved without PtX. A large part of the PtX is imported from abroad.“ (Dena Lead Study 2018)
– „Even in the long term, importing synthetic methane is associated with lower costs than generating synthetic methane based on offshore wind energy in the North and Baltic Seas„ (Agora Energiewende 2018: The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels)
– "Scenarios with a broad mix of technologies [cause] significantly lower costs by 2050 ... and [are] more robust in terms of implementation challenges such as acceptance ..." (dena Lead Study 2018)
In the long-term perspective, PtG plays a role in achieving the decarbonisation goals
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Direct electrification is the most efficient way to use renewable electricity in transport
Direct electrification allows the use of RE in the country. The production of SynGas is probably cheaper abroad.
H2
H2
η≈0,95 electrolysis
η≈0,65fuel cell
η≈0,90Transport and storage
1,54 MWh H2
1,71 MWh
1,8 MWhRE
One unit of mobility
1,05 MWh
η≈0,95transfer
η≈0,95 electric motor
1,1 MWhRE
Alternative: import of synthetic fuels via
existing infrastructure
Higher demand for renewable energy
2 MWh SNG
η≈0,50gas motor
SNG
η≈0,90Transport and storage
2,2 MWh
η≈0,65 Electrolysis and
methanation
3,4 MWhRE
SNG
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Sales of new technologies in the transport sector - Electromobility dominates hydrogen mobility
Hydrogen mobility is behind electric mobility about 5-10 years
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. Restliche WeltRest-EuropaDeutschlandUSAChina
*PKW und LNFZ (BEV, PHEV und REEV)
Ca. 7000 H2-Cars in 2017
Quelle: ZSW 2019
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How much electricity would we need for "indirect electrification" of heat and transport?
The quantities of RE required for complete decarbonisation of heat and transport are significant!
Source: Extrapolation by German TSOs (2018); NEP (2019) Szenario 2030B
Projection Residual load 2030 … and needed Load for covering other sectors
500 TWh
1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Annual hours
GWIncreasing consumption of electricity, incl. DSM and Power-to-X
Interconnectors neglected
around 15 TWh
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Open questions about power-to-gas
Real laboratories can help to solve some outstanding issues.
What obstacles exist in terms of technical feasibility?
From which RE-mix (tipping point) does PtX / G make sense from a CO2-avoidance perspective?
Should be synthetic gases produced or rather imported in Germany? What is the wish of politics? What is realistic?
Which business models will prevail?
What does the distribution of roles look like in an economically regulatory useful framework?
??
??
? …..?
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Conclusion
– Impact of the sector coupling on the power consumption is low - effect on (residual) load peaks and load flows still needs investigation
– The driver of power to gas: decarbonisation of other sectors, not the “healing" of network bottlenecks
– From a grid perspective, power-to-gas (at least in the medium term) is not an alternative to the necessary network expansion
– However, in order to have the technology "ready to go" from 2030, real laboratories can provide valuable insights for power to gas
1. 50Hertz – The North East Transmission System Operator
2. Sector Coupling Prospects for Germany
3. Laboratories of Energiewende
4. Outlook
Agenda
20Titel der Präsentation
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Real laboratories as test rooms for innovation and regulation
Aktueller Stand bei den Reallaboren der Energiewende15.10.2019
Real Laboratory Promotion / Status Quo Target and scope
"The goal is that we want to become the number one in the world in hydrogen technologies" (Federal Minister of Economics Peter Altmaier)
Promotion for max. 5 years includes planning and installation phase as well as a 1 to 3-year test operation / monitoring phase
€ 100 million per year for four years between 2019 and 2022
In addition, € 200 million for real laboratories in structural change regions
At the latest in three years, there will be another call for tenders for new projects
Part of the 7th Energy Research Program "Innovations for the Energiewende", which includes € 6 billion
First round of real laboratories: Application from 11.02.2019 to 05.04.2019 On 18.07. Announcement of the 20 winners (90 applicants) Funded in the following areas:
• Large-scale energy storage in the electricity sector• Energy-optimized quarters• Sector coupling and hydrogen technologies
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Real laboratories of the energy transition in the 50Hertz control zone
Aktueller Stand bei den Reallaboren der Energiewende15.10.2019
17 Reallabor Lausitz
18 Referenzkraftwerk Lausitz
16 JenErgieReal
13 GreenHydroChem
12 EnergieparkBL
8 Reallabor GWP
7 IW3
Hydrogen andenergy storagetechnologies
energy-optimizedquarters
Legend
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"Hydrogen region Lusatia„
Idea: 50-100 MW electrolysis for H2 supply to the Ontras network and, if necessary, construction of a local H2 network. 50Hertz for evaluation of network and system suitability
50Hertz has agreed to participate in two real laboratories, and two more are in narrower choice
"Reference Power Plant Schwarze Pumpe„
Idea: 10 MW storage power plant, use of H2, as well as provision of SDL (including reactive power, black start) possibly via reverse power generation (fuel cell)
„GreenHydroChem“subprojectLeuna
Idea: up to 100 MW electrolysis at the chemical site Leuna for direct supply u.a. the refinery with green H2
Real laboratories for the energy transition In planning
15.10.2019 Aktueller Stand bei den Reallaboren der Energiewende
!
"Real laboratory Lusatia„
Idea: Energy-optimized neighborhoods (low-carbon neighborhoods and low-emission traffic)
Regional actors from Cottbus, Lübben, Lübbenau &
Spremberg
1. 50Hertz – The North East Transmission System Operator
2. Sector Coupling Prospects for Germany
3. Laboratories of Energiewende
4. Outlook
Agenda
24Titel der Präsentation
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Outlook
The driver of PtX / G plants is the decarbonization of the sectors industry, mobility and heat - not the “healing" of network problems
An overall economic benefit becomes visible if and only in a long-term perspective (after 2035)
In order to advance the market maturity of PtX/ G and to have the technology fully developed after 2035, real laboratories are already useful and necessary
Titel der Präsentation
Spasibo!