SECTION I: DEFINING MATTER. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure and properties of...
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Transcript of SECTION I: DEFINING MATTER. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure and properties of...
![Page 1: SECTION I: DEFINING MATTER. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes and the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ee55503460f94bf50c9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SECTION I: DEFINING MATTER
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Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes.
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Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
Everything is made of matter
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Characteristics used to describe an object
Properties are used to identify a substance
Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness
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Mass, weight, volume, and density
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Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Mass is constant and does not change with location.
Mass is also the measure of inertia Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its
motion The more mass the greater the inertia
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1kg = 1000g
1 lb = 454g
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While mass deals with how much matter is present, weight takes into account the force of gravity.
Underwater and in space objects weight less than they do on earth but their mass is the same regardless of location.
Therefore, on Earth mass and weight represent the same thing.
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Volume is the amount of space that an object occupies.
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The volume of liquids are usually determined using a graduated cylinder.
Units of liquid volume: milliliter, liter, gallon, pint, etc.
1L = 1000mL
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Volume of a regularly shaped solid is determined using a geometric formula
BOX: Volume = length X width X height
CYLINDER: Volume = ∏r2h
Units of solid volume: cm3
1mL = 1cm3
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Volume of a dry powder can be measured using a graduated measuring cup.
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Volume of an irregularly shaped object can be determined by immersing the object in water and measuring the amount of water displaced.
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Extensive Properties-a characteristic that is specific to the amount of matter.
In other words, the property changes with the amount of the substance.
Ex. Mass, volume, weight, & length are extensive properties.
Extensive properties alone are not sufficient in identifying a substance.
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Density- the amount of substance or mass contained in a certain space.
The mass per unit volume.Density is useful in identifying the composition of a substance.
Temperature alters the density of a substance
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Density = mass/volume
Common Units of Density = g/mL, g/cm3
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The density of water at room temperature is 1.0g/mL.
Any object with a density greater than 1.0g/mL will sink in water.
Any object with a density less than 1.0g/mL will float in water.
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Material Density Material Density
Zinc 7.1g/cm3 Gold 19.3g/cm3
Paper 0.8g/cm3 Brass 8.4g/cm3
Water 1.0g/mL Copper 9.0g/cm3
Aluminum 2.7g/cm3 Lead 11.4g/cm3
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Intensive Properties-a characteristic that does not depend on the size or amount of matter.
In other words, the property remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance.
Ex. Density, color, hardness, boiling point, melting point, etc.
Intensive properties are useful in identifying a substance.