Section 4.5Section 4.5Ancient KushAncient Kush Page: 107 Page: 107

By: By: Dylan Sallee (Leader)Dylan Sallee (Leader)

Sarah Dill (Writer) Sarah Dill (Writer) Cecilia Prince (Researcher)Cecilia Prince (Researcher)

Katelyn Lewis (Techno)Katelyn Lewis (Techno)

Definitions Definitions

• Trade networks-a system of people in Trade networks-a system of people in different lands who trade goods.different lands who trade goods.

• Merchants- tradersMerchants- traders

• Exports-items sent out to other Exports-items sent out to other regionsregions

• Imports- items brought in from other Imports- items brought in from other regionsregions

NubiaNubia

• South of Egypt a group South of Egypt a group of Africans settled in a of Africans settled in a land called Nubia.land called Nubia.

• This Kingdom was also This Kingdom was also known as Kush.known as Kush.

• Ancient Nubia was rich Ancient Nubia was rich in minerals such as in minerals such as Gold, Copper, and Gold, Copper, and Stone.Stone.

• Rain flooded the Nile Rain flooded the Nile river every year.river every year.

• Depended on Depended on Agriculture. Agriculture.

• Around 2000 BC One Around 2000 BC One leader began to take leader began to take over other villages over other villages and made him self the and made him self the Leader.Leader.

• This Region was This Region was known as Kush.known as Kush.

Kush and EgyptKush and Egypt

• Kush and Egypt Kush and Egypt were neighbors.were neighbors.

• Sometimes they Sometimes they lived in Peace and lived in Peace and helped each other helped each other posper.posper.

• Kush was a major Kush was a major supplier of Raw supplier of Raw materials and materials and slaves.slaves.

• Relationships Relationships between the two between the two were not always were not always peaceful.peaceful.

• Kush grew stronger. Kush grew stronger. Which lead to Egypt Which lead to Egypt fearing Kush. fearing Kush.

• Egypt began to Egypt began to protect themselves protect themselves from attacks.from attacks.

Kush and Egypt continuedKush and Egypt continued

• The Paroah The Paroah attacked Nubia attacked Nubia which further which further ended up with ended up with Kush becoming Kush becoming part of Egypt.part of Egypt.

• After the victory After the victory the Paroah the Paroah destroyed Kerma. destroyed Kerma.

A Change in PowerA Change in Power

• During the mid During the mid 1000s BC the new 1000s BC the new kingdom in Egypt kingdom in Egypt was ending. As was ending. As power of Egypt’s power of Egypt’s Pharaoh declined Pharaoh declined the Kushite leaders the Kushite leaders gained power over gained power over Kush again. Kush Kush again. Kush became became independent once independent once againagain. .

• We know nearly We know nearly nothing about nothing about Kush from the Kush from the time the gained time the gained independence to independence to 200 years later.200 years later.

• Kush was not Kush was not described in any described in any historical recordshistorical records

The Conquest of EgyptThe Conquest of Egypt

• By around 850 B.C. Kush By around 850 B.C. Kush had regained its power. had regained its power.

• It became as strong as it It became as strong as it was before Egypt took was before Egypt took powerpower

• Because Egypt destroyed Because Egypt destroyed Kerma the kings ruled Kerma the kings ruled Napata.Napata.

• Napata was on the Nile Napata was on the Nile River about 100 miles River about 100 miles southeast of Kerma. southeast of Kerma.

• As Kush grew Egypt As Kush grew Egypt weakened.weakened.

• A series of inept pharaohs A series of inept pharaohs left Egypt to open attack.left Egypt to open attack.

• In the 700s BC the Kushite In the 700s BC the Kushite king, Kashta, seized on king, Kashta, seized on Egypts weakness and Egypts weakness and attacked itattacked it

• After the Death of Kashta, After the Death of Kashta, his son, continued to his son, continued to attack Egypt.attack Egypt.

• *** The armies attacked *** The armies attacked Many cities, Even Egypt’s Many cities, Even Egypt’s capital city***capital city***

• Piankhi fought the Piankhi fought the Egyptians because he Egyptians because he believed the Gods wanted believed the Gods wanted him to rule.him to rule.

• By the time he died he By the time he died he accomplished this. His accomplished this. His kingdom continued from kingdom continued from Napata to the Nile DeltaNapata to the Nile Delta

The Kushite Dynasty and the The Kushite Dynasty and the End of Kushite Rule in EgyptEnd of Kushite Rule in Egypt• After Piankhi died his After Piankhi died his

brother Shabaka took brother Shabaka took control of the controlcontrol of the control

• Shabaka and later Shabaka and later rulers of his Dynasty rulers of his Dynasty thought they were thought they were great heirs of the great heirs of the great Pharaohs of great Pharaohs of Egypt’s PassEgypt’s Pass

• The Kushite rulers The Kushite rulers Built new temples to Built new temples to Egyptian Gods and Egyptian Gods and restore old ones.restore old ones.

• Kushite dynast stayed Kushite dynast stayed strong in Egypt for strong in Egypt for about 40 years. about 40 years.

• In the 670s BC In the 670s BC Assyrian armies from Assyrian armies from Mesopotamia invaded Mesopotamia invaded EgyptEgypt

• In only ten years the In only ten years the Assyrians had driven Assyrians had driven Kushites completely Kushites completely out of Egyptout of Egypt

Later Kush (Kush’s Iron Later Kush (Kush’s Iron Industry, and Expansion of Industry, and Expansion of Trade)Trade)• The economic center The economic center

of Kush during this of Kush during this time was in Meroe, the time was in Meroe, the kingdom’s new capital.kingdom’s new capital.

• Large Deposits of Gold Large Deposits of Gold could be found nearby, could be found nearby, as could forest of as could forest of Ebony and other Ebony and other woodswoods

• In this location In this location Kushites developed Kushites developed Africa’s first iron Africa’s first iron industryindustry

• In the time Meroe also In the time Meroe also became the center of a became the center of a large Trade Network large Trade Network (Definition).(Definition).

• Egyptians and Greek Egyptians and Greek merchants carried goods to merchants carried goods to ports on the Mediterranean ports on the Mediterranean sea and the Red Seas and to sea and the Red Seas and to Sothern AfricaSothern Africa

• Kush’s exports included Kush’s exports included gold, pottery, iron tools, gold, pottery, iron tools, slaves, and ivory.slaves, and ivory.

• In return Kushites received In return Kushites received imports such as Jewelry and imports such as Jewelry and other luxury items from other luxury items from Egypt, Asia and other lands Egypt, Asia and other lands along the Mediterranean Sea along the Mediterranean Sea

Later Kush continued. (Kushite Later Kush continued. (Kushite Culture)Culture)• As Kushite trade grew, As Kushite trade grew,

Merchants came into Merchants came into contact with many other contact with many other cultures. cultures.

• The Kushite’s most The Kushite’s most obvious influence was obvious influence was EgyptEgypt

• Many elements of Kushite Many elements of Kushite culture were culture were NOTNOT borrowedborrowed

• In addition to Egypt’s In addition to Egypt’s Gods, Kushite people Gods, Kushite people worshipped there own worshipped there own GodsGods

• Kushite women were Kushite women were expected to be active in expected to be active in there socities.there socities.

• Some Kushite women rose Some Kushite women rose to authority.to authority.

• Some served as co-rulers Some served as co-rulers with there husbands or sons. with there husbands or sons.

• A few women ruled the A few women ruled the empire alone.empire alone.

The Decline of KushThe Decline of Kush

• Kush gradually declined Kush gradually declined in Power. A problem in in Power. A problem in the kingdom weakened the kingdom weakened it’s economy. it’s economy.

• In addition, iron makers In addition, iron makers used up the forest near used up the forest near Meroe. As wood became Meroe. As wood became scarce furnaces scarce furnaces shutdown. Kush shutdown. Kush produced fewer produced fewer weapons and trade weapons and trade goods.goods.

• Kush was also weakened Kush was also weakened by a loss in trade.by a loss in trade.

• By the AD 300s Kush By the AD 300s Kush had lost much of its had lost much of its wealth and military wealth and military might.might.

• In about AD 350 the In about AD 350 the Akusimite army of King Akusimite army of King Ezana destroyed Meroe Ezana destroyed Meroe and took over Kush.and took over Kush.

• In the late 300s Kush In the late 300s Kush became Christian. became Christian. About two hundred About two hundred years later Nubians years later Nubians also converted.also converted.

Do you remember what a Do you remember what a Barter is?Barter is?

A barter was a trader.A barter was a trader.

Most of Kush’s history had to revolve Most of Kush’s history had to revolve around barratry with other countries. around barratry with other countries.

Sources Sources

• World History BookWorld History Book

•http://youtu.be/qgkYEpxAN6I

•http://animoto.com/play/tQuXAUl0pYX9r7qznLn8bw