Section 18-1 Review

1. What is binomial nomenclature?

2. What is the most inclusive taxon?

3. What is the least inclusive taxon?

4. What 2 kingdoms did Linnaeus identify?

5. Name the seven taxa identified by Linnaeus, from largest to smallest.

Modern Evolutionary ClassificationSection 18-2

Objectives:

9.1 Sequencing taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive in the classification of living things

9.2 Identifying organisms using a dichotomous key

Limitations to Linnaeus’ System

Based simply on visible similarities and differences

What did we learn from Lonesome George and the tortoise in the Prague Zoo?

Based on visible similarities, would you think dolphins are more closely related to humans or fish?

Phylogeny:

Def: the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

Based on lines of evolutionary descent, not just physical similarities

This is called evolutionary classification.

It is based on recently shared common ancestors to show closer relationships.

Phylogenetic Tree or Cladogram

Source: http://schoolworkhelper.net/evolution-synapomorphies-cladogram/

Source:http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/african-white-backed-vulture-photo-3171.html

Source:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/american-black-vulture-coragyps-atratus/perched-tree-transpantaneira

Source:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/painted-stork-mycteria-leucocephala/birds-just-started-migrate-park-early-august

Similarities in DNA and RNA

Look at the birds in Figure 18-8, on p.454.

Which 2 would you think were more closely related?

Both the American vultures and the stork will urinate on their own legs to let evaporation cool them.

DNA analysis showed the DNA sequences of these two birds were also more similar.