Section 1. Depression = World The world, especially Europe was devastated People were looking for...
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Transcript of Section 1. Depression = World The world, especially Europe was devastated People were looking for...
Section 1
Depression = WorldThe world, especially Europe was devastatedPeople were looking for stabilitySomeone to pull them out of despair
All hail HitlerHe was incredible speakerHeld grand spectaclesPut the blame on something else or someone
else
Totalitarian GovernmentExert total control over a nationDominate every aspect of lifeUse terror to suppress individual rights Silence all opposition
FascismHitler and Mussolini use this philosophy Emphasized the importance of the nation or
ethnic group
Stalin and the Soviet UnionHad a five year plan to spread communismModernize agricultureBuild industry
His economic planIf people did not listen to them he would
starve themWanted to industrialize Introduce the world to a new leader
Stalin’s reign of terror1934 he arrested all people who opposed himEveryone was found guilty
Purges- removing political figures and undesirables
Millions were executed or put in jail
MussoliniItalian dictatorSoldier in WW IFelt the Treaty of Versailles was unfairCreated the fascists party with his Black
shirtsSuspended free elections outlawed all political partiesLook at as a miracle workerTook Ethopia
NazismA form of fascismShaped by HitlerSupported nationalism and racial superiority
Hook ActivityWhy do individuals often go along with the actions of the
“crowd,” even when they are not comfortable doing so?From what you know and what we learned, what factors in
Germany contributed to this mass support for Hitler?Could a leader like Hitler hold such appeal and power
today?Do we see any elements of blame in this recent election?Can we gain message of the importance of acceptance and
standing up for yourself or someone else? BE READY TO ANSWER!!!!!!!!!!!!This counts for class
grade and current events!
Hitler goes to the pokeyHim and a few of his followers tried to
overtake the governmentCalled the Beer Hall PutschIt was easily put down Thrown in jailWrote Mein Kampf, My Struggle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VuFrJibv9U
Quotes of Hitler…Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do
not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live.Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
The [Nazi party] should not become a constable of public opinion, but must dominate it. It must not become a servant of the masses, but their master!Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
Sooner will a camel pass through a needle's eye than a great man be 'discovered' by an election.Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
Up The Ladder he GoesIn charge of the Nazi PartyLargest party in the ReichstagPresident Hindenburg made him ChancellorHitler’s Brown shirts start to suspend
freedomWhen Hindenburg dies he becomes President
as wellCalled Der Fuhrer
SecretsGoes against the Treaty of Versailles and
builds up the militaryUnemployed workers get jobsMake the AutobahnBolstered national prideTold people they need more lebensraum, or
living spacehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTAj60Ed
PZ8
Shineland, RhinelandRegion in Western GermanyTreaty banned military forcesUsed in WW I as a baseRemilitarized illegally
Map
Why appeaseMany felt that Germany had been mistreated
by the Treaty of VersaillesWW I was still fresh in their head and they
did not want another confrontationLet Hitler have just one tiny piece of land
Map
Axis PowersThroughout WW II these powers will consist
of Germany, Japan and Italy
Let us start the moped……..Hitler wanted Austria to unite again and they
refusedHitler will take the country under his controlPromises that would be itFew months later Hitler will take the Sudetenland
which is part of CzechGreat Britain and others stood by and watchedAppeasement- giving into a competitors demands
to avoid confrontationBAD IDEA FOR HITLERMAP
World War II
European Theater
Prelude & November 1942-May 1945
WW II resources in documentsart
Spanish Civil WarIn Spain many political parties were fighting
for powerThere was a rebellion against the Democratic
government led by Francisco Franco and their group became known as the nationalists
So the war was between the nationalists and the republicans
Who helped?They both needed foreign aidGermany and Italy will aid the nationalists by
giving tanks and planes. Hitler will bomb a small town
The Soviet Union will help the republicans
Churchill and the SudetenlandHe felt that Britain made a terrible mistake
by appeasing HitlerFelt he had no intentions of stopping
Moped times…..Hitler does not stop at the SudetenlandA few months later Hitler will occupy the
western part of CzechItaly will continue invading and take Albania
and western Greece
Just not PolandGreat Britain and France appeased Hitler but
warned to stay away from PolandHitler did not listen and didn’t believe that
they would get involvedThey will
Hitler versus StalinHitler and Stalin were not friendsIn fact sworn enemiesRealized that they had similar interests and
could help each otherThey signed a 10 year non-aggression pactYou leave me alone and I will leave you alone
MmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmGermany became an effective fighting machineUsed a blitzkrieg, or lightening war which
included fast, concentrated air and land attacksGermany utilized the stuka, which was a dive-
bomb airplaneIt would terrorize people and then tanks and
auxiliary would come inUsing these methods it took Hitler 1 month to
take Poland
France’s main source of fire powerFrance used the Maginot LineIt faced the border of GermanyIt housed all the troops, and their heavy
artillery faced the border
Problem???It only protected part of FranceLeaving them open through BelgiumAll heavy guns were pointed east towards
Germany which created a problem if they came in through the back
Phony WarAmerica was getting dribs and drabs of
informationThere was a lull after Germany took PolandLack of fighting
The mopedHitler will successfully take:
Denmark and NorwayLaunches a blitzkrieg on the Netherlands (5
days) and Belgium (3 weeks)Takes Luxembourg (1 day)French and British will rush to the aid of
Belgium but too late
The Battle of DunkirkThe Germans cornered the French They assembled a private fleet of steam
ships, passenger liners, fishing boats etc.Saved 340,000 soldiers by carrying them
across the English Channel
France FallsHitler swept through France and took Paris
in a few daysSoldiers surrender and Hitler personally did
a victory visit to the Eiffel Tower
The Battle of BritainGreat Britain lay 20 miles away on the English
ChannelHowever, Britain had a great NavyGermany launched a massive air attack in which
they went against the rules of warThey bombed civilians and any target they could
findGB would retaliate and bomb BerlinRAF Royal Air Force was greatly out-numberedVery courageous and responsible for killing 100’s
of Germans
Let’s talk about JapanThroughout the years Japan’s military will
expandBy the eve of WW I Japan is the strongest
nationJapan supported the allies during WW I
Crisis in JapanDuring and after the Great Depression
Japan’s economy was rockedTheir industry was based on selling their
goods to foreign countriesOther nation’s increased tariffs on Japanese
goods to protect their business
Oh oh a crisis, ya knowoooThe economic crisis lead to massive lay-offs,
strikes and widespread political descentPeople blamed the problems on democracy
and this led to nationalists Radicals assassinated business and political
leaders
Manchurian IncidentJapan’s population exploded in the 1900’sBy 1930 the population neared 65 million and
grew about 1 million a yearJapan lacked natural resourcesThey saw acquisition of Manchuria as a
solutionA Japanese army stationed in Manchuria
faked an attackBlamed it on the Chinese and gave them the
authority to seize it
Puppet StateManchuria became an independent country
under the control of a powerful neighbor, Japan
Japan grows strongerThe acquisition of Manchuria and the
assassination of the Prime Minister allowed Japan to grow stronger
War in China- Japanese brutally attacked the Chinese
They brutally killed over 100,000 civilians including women and children
Rape of Nanjing
Who helped the ChineseUnited States and other nations condemned
the JapaneseUS passed a series of Neutrality Acts so they
could remain uninvolvedThe Soviet Union backed China with arms,
military advisors and warplanesGreat Britain would later send a steady
stream of supplies as well
Burma Road700 mile highway linking Burma to China
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- Japan needed the resources from regions to continue the war with China
Japan stated that they would spread liberty throughout Asia and Europe if they got on board
Tripartite Pact- is was an argument that aligned Japan and Germany and Italy
The United States chooses NeutralityDuring the 1930’s the United States turned
their back on foreign problemsFocused their energies on trying to get the
economy back on trackEven as Germany and Italy threatened to
shatter world peace, the US held out on their policy of isolationism
Let’s help just a littleFew people in the US agreed with fascism
and Nazism and sympathized with the victimsHowever, anything short of a direct attack on
the US would keep the US out of warTo prove their neutrality they passed
Neutrality Acts:1. 1935, banned the US from providing
military weapons to nations at war2. 1936, banned loans to nations at war
We take cash only!3. 1937, nicknamed “cash and carry”,
permitted trade of nonmilitary goods to fighting nations only if they came to pick it up and used cash
These acts prevented the US from aiding nations who were trying to defend themselves from the aggressors
Later it was looked at as actually encouraging aggression
Moped time againBy the end of 1938 Germany had been on
fire, Italy took Ethiopia and Japan took China
Our isolationist views changed by our improving economy and the increase of aggression by Japan and Germany (Poland)
FDR will ask the Congress to revise the Neutrality Acts by allowing us to sell weapons to Great Britain and France
France fallsWhen France fell the United States became
more concerned for the safety of Great Britain
They will begin lending moreIn fact they will provide 50 destroyers
Many don’t agreeSome Americans felt this involvement was too
drasticSome formed the American First Committee-
which pushed to block any further aid to Great Britain
In the heat of it all there was an election in 1940Wendell Willkie ran against FDR and told the
American people he would drag us into warFDR won the election for his third term
FDR wants moreFDR will push for more helpPrime Minister Churchill will beg the US for
more help stating they are bankrupt and could not pay for goods
Lend Lease- was passed in 1941 and it will later extend to the Soviet Union
New plan to give Britain goods to borrow!By the end of the war the US will Lend $49
billion to 40 nations
Oh no Japan…..Japanese were our of control in AsiaWhen they took Indonesia the US froze all
financial assets of Japan and cut off oil shipments
We knew the Japanese desperately needed raw materials and thought this would stop them
Caused Japan to look in other areas and expand more
In the coming months the US tried to avoid war with Japan
Negotiations, final days of peaceThe US and Japan were heavily involved in
negotiations and it looked promisingMilitary officer General Tojo Hideki took over
power in Japan and disliked the USUS broke a Japanese code and knew aircraft
carriers were on the move in the PacificThey expected an attack but did not know
where
The Attack6 aircraft carriers and more than 20 other
ships headed to OahuThe intention was that they would cripple the
US and we would not be to attack them and they would continue expanding
On Dec. 7th at 7A.M. a radar noticed a large blimp on the screen
The officer on duty said that it was American pilots
They were wrongHalf the Pacific fleet was anchored in a three
mile areaBy 9:45 the attack was over2,400 planes Americans were killed1,200 were wounded200 planes were damaged18 warships sunk29 Japanese planes lost
The Day that will live in infamyThe next day on December 8th the US will
declare war on JapanOn Dec. 11th, Germany and Italy will declare
war on the USOur contributions will once again win the war