Section 1-2: The Age of...
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U.S. History
Chapter 10: A New National Identity Section 1-2: The Age of Jackson
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Choose a Candidate
• War hero
• Born poor
• Determined
• Common man
• Harvard educated
• Born to a prominent wealthy family
• Out of touch with people
Candidate 1 Candidate 2
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Jacksonian Democracy
• Early 1800s: lawmakers extending the right to vote to more white men
• Nominating Conventions—meetings in which a political party selects its presidential & vice presidential candidates
• Allowed more voter input
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Each state holds conventions to choose delegates to send to the national meeting
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Jacksonian Democracy
• “Jacksonian Democracy”
• Expanded voting rights
• Jackson: seen as man who would defend the rights of common people & slave states
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Jacksonian Democracy
John Quincy Adams
National Republcians
Andrew Jackson
Democratic Party
vs.
Election of 1828
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Jackson’s Victory
• Andrew Jackson:
– War hero
– Born poor
– Rose to success through hard work
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Jackson’s Victory
• John Quincy Adams:
– Harvard educated
– Father had been president
– Out of touch
– “Cold as a lump of ice”
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Jackson’s Victory
• Victory for the common man
• Spoils system—practice of rewarding supporters with jobs
• Kitchen cabinet—an informal group of advisers President Andrew Jackson relied on
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Conflict over Tariffs
• Regional conflicts over tariffs
• North—wanted high tariffs to protect industries
• South—imported most manufactured goods
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Conflict over Tariffs
• 1828: Northern manufacturers pressure Congress to pass high tariffs
• “Tariff of Abominations”
• Abuse of federal power over the states
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Nullification Crisis
• States’ Rights—belief that state power should be greater than federal power
• VP John C. Calhoun led the opposition
John C. Calhoun
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Nullification Crisis
• Nullification—states had the right to not obey any federal law with which they disagreed
• 1832: Congress passes a new tariff
• SC: declares law null and void
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Nullification Crisis
• Calhoun resigns
• SC threatens to secede if troops are sent
• Jackson threatens to send troops
• Compromise reached: tariffs lowered
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Second Bank of the United States
• Jackson against Bank of the United States
• States opposed the bank
• Maryland passes law taxing branches of the national bank
• James McCulloch refuses to pay taxes
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Second Bank of the United States
• McCulloch v. Maryland:
– Elastic clause permitted for the Bank
– Federal law superior to state law
Old Supreme Court Chamber
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Second Bank of the United States
• Bank charter due to expire in 1836
• Nicholas Biddle pushes for renewal of charter in 1832
• Jackson vetoes Nicholas Biddle
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Second Bank of the United States
• Not enough votes to override veto
• Transferred money to state banks
• Inflation increased
• Debt paid down
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Van Buren’s Presidency
• Jackson angered members of Congress
• 1834: Jackson opponents form the Whig Party
• Whig Party—political party that supported the idea of a weak president and a strong legislature
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Van Buren’s Presidency
• 1836: Whigs nominate four candidates to run against VP Martin Van Buren
• Democrat Martin Van Buren wins
Martin Van Buren
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Van Buren’s Presidency
• Panic of 1837 leads to economic depression
• Result of Jackson’s policies
• Van Buren blamed and defeated in election of 1840
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Van Buren’s Presidency
• William Henry Harrison and John Tyler win election of 1840
• “Tippecanoe and Tyler too”
• War record and log cabin roots William Henry Harrison