REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESS- IAcademic Staff Name:

Dr. Kalthum HassanDr. Ravindra Nath Vyas

Regional Planning Process Areal unit of planning

Sub-national – state Regional or Local

Development Economic Social

Planning National/regional Allocative/innovative

The Goal of Regional Planning

“A Goal is an ideal and should be expressed in abstract terms” – R.C. Young Examples:

Vision 2020: Aspiration of attaining developed country status

The NPP goal: “The establishment of an efficient, equitable and sustainable national spatial framework to guide overall development of the country towards achieving developed nation status by 2020”

Ten Big Ideas of Tenth Malaysian Plan: “Internally driven, externally aware”

10 Big Ideas of Tenth Malaysian Plan

1. Internally driven, externally aware2. Ensuring equality of opportunities and safeguarding

the vulnerable3. Supporting effective and smart partnerships4. Government as a competitive corporation5. Valuing our environmental endowments6. Concentrated growth, inclusive development7. Nurturing, attracting and retaining top talent8. Unleashing productivity-led growth and innovation9. Transforming to high-income through specialization10. Leveraging on our diversity internationally

Goals of Regional Planning: Issues of concern Retaining existing firms, attracting new firms, new

industries and investment Diversifying employment and generate job

opportunities Enhancing human capital resources Facilitating development Improving institutional capacity and capability to

grow competitive communities Achieving sustainable development

Goals of Regional Planning:

Focus on a mixture of: Enhancing employment growth and job diversity. Addressing labor costs and productivity. Developing the economic base of the

communities, particularly through increasing internal institutional linkages.

Managing locational assets to enhance location inducing factors.

Developing knowledge-based information-intensive industries.

Goals of Regional Development:OECD Initiative - I Strengthening the competitive position of regions and of

localities within regions, by developing the potential of otherwise underutilized human and natural resource potential.

Realizing opportunities for indigenous economic growth by recognizing the opportunities available for locally produced products and services.

Improving employment levels and long-term career opportunities for local residents.

Increasing the participation of disadvantaged and minority community groups in the local economy.

Improving the physical environment as a necessary component of improving the climate for business development and of enhancing the quality of life of residents.

Objectives “An objective is capable of both attainment and

measurement ” stated explicitly Examples:

To attain 8 per cent GDP growth Objectives of National Physical Plan:

To rationalise national spatial planning for economic efficiency and global competitiveness.

To optimize utilization of land and natural resources for sustainable development.

To promote balanced regional development for national unity.

To secure spatial and environmental quality and diversity for a high quality of life.

Single and multiple objectives

General Planning Process

Initiation & Organization

Analysis- Conduct community assessment

- Identify local issues (SWOT)

Formation- Envision

- Define goals/objectives

- Develop strategic actions

- Finalize strategic plan

Implementation- Assign organizational responsibilities

- Formulate organization strategic action plans

- Allocate resources

- Development work programs

Evaluation- Monitor

- Review performance

- Analyze impact

Planning Process

Regional Planning Process Regional Planning:

Inter-Regional planning Intra-Regional planning

Inter-Regional planning process The identification of regions/region The goals and objectives – The areas of

interventions Strategies Policy instruments The appraisal and assessment of planning goals,

strategies and tactics

Regional Planning Process Intra-Regional planning process:

Study of the region Analysis of problems and needs Working in existing plans and programmes Gathering information for future plans Evaluation of likely effects on existing

structure Working out likely rate of sectoral

expansion Analysis of the action to be taken Land use patterns evaluation

Regional Planning Stages Stages as sequential processes:

The identification of the problem. The formulation of goals and objectives

related to problem. The identification of possible constraints. The projection of future situation. The generation and evaluation of

alternative courses of action. The production of a preferred plan

including strategy and definitive plan.

Implementation

Develop Evaluation Criteria & Methodology

Evaluation

Plan Approval

Establish Financial Goals & Detailed Budget Projections

Define & Prioritize Strategies with Timetables & Benchmarks

Divide Region into Units for Analysis

Review Existing Legislation & Public Policy

Establish Project Goals & Objectives

Engage Partners and Constituents in Planning

Eval

uatio

n Assess Regional Social &

Economic Conditions Conduct Natural

Resources Inventory

Develop Data Management & Analytic Tools

Analyze Direct & Indirect Threats

Regional Planning Process

Regional Planning Strategies

Strategy: Chandler (1962) define strategy as "...the determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals”Or“A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal”Or“The science and art of using all the forces of a nation to execute approved plans as effectively as possible during peace or war.”

Selection of Regional Planning Strategies

Criteria of selection: Goals and objectives Resource constraints Type and level of planning Approach Economic environment Politico-social scenario Environmental concerns Stage of development

Examples from Malaysia Resource and new land development strategy In situ rural development Industrial dispersal strategy Rural urbanization and growth centre strategy Corridor development strategy

Typology of Approaches to Policy and Practice

Pro-Business

competition to attract

inward investment

Eco-modernizat

ion

Area regeneration and sector

targeting

Pro-poor economic

development

The market will deliver the regional and local development in the form and place

that is wanted

Economic efficiency

is the dominant aim of the regional and local economic developm

ent

Social cohesion

and environme

ntal sustainability are as important

as economic efficiency

The market will not deliver the regional and local economic development in the form and

place that is wanted

After Hague et al (2011)

Changing Focus of Economic Development Policy and Planning Strategy

Adopted from Robert J. Stimson, Roger R. Stough, Brian H. Roberts (2006)

Focus of Economic PolicyKeynsian Thought

Post-war – Mid 1970s

Monetarism ThoughtMid 1970s – 1990s

Rationalist Thought

Late 1980s -1990s

Sustainability

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Public Economic Development Agencies

Regulatory Economic Development, Mixed Economic Development

Focus on Value-adding strategies. Incorporating workforce and technology change

Initiative to reduce social disparities by incorporating disadvantaged groups into the mainstream economy

Initiatives to improve environmental and overall quality of life to attract highly skilled workers and firms

Sustainable development

Focus of Economic Planning Strategy Comparative Advantage

Competitive AdvantageCollaborative Advantage

Master Planning Infrastructure Oriented

Goals and Objectives Planning

Structure Planning

Strategic Planning

Integrated Strategic Planning

Multi sector Integrated Strategic Planning

Thanks