Recent and planed NCEP climate modeling activities Hua-Lu Pan EMC/NCEP.
Secondary pulmonary TB Lu hua
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Transcript of Secondary pulmonary TB Lu hua
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Secondary pulmonary TB
Lu huaDept. of Pathology Three Gorges University Medical College
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Secondary pulmonary TB() Outline usually results from reactivation of dormant, endogenous tubercle bacilli in a sensitized patient who has had previous contact with the tubercle bacillus.
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1. Reinfectionusually adults adult type pulmonary TBInitiated from apex of lung secondary focus
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2. Pathogenesis Exogenous reinfection not related to primary infection Endogenous reinfection PP TB spread via bloodstream Primary bronchial Extrapulmonary TBbloodlung
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() Features of lesion
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1. Initial focus: Site : apex of the lung local resistence Stand A pressure poor circulation macrophageAb Bad ventilation
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2. Features of lesion Hypersensitivity: Easily caseous necrosis, liquefy,cavity Immune response: stronger localized focus proliferation tubercle
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3. The ways of spread Lymphatics Bloodstream less prominently involved Bronchia : main
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4. Clinical course long period of time better or worse new and old lesion mixed up
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Pathological change and types1.Focal pulmonary TB2.Infiltrative pulmonary TB3. Chronic fibro-cavitative4. Caseous pneumonia5. Tuberculoma6. Tuberculous pleuritis
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Pathological change and types1.Focal pulmonary TBinitial lesion of secondary pulmonary TB(1) Lesion usually below apex 2-4cm , 0.5-1cm in size , clear edge proliferation main
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(2) Results Healing in most cases: fibrosis, calcification Progressinfiltrative pulmonary TB
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2. Infiltrative pulmonary TBmost common type of active pulmonary TB
Arising in:progress of focal pulmonary TBfew cases occur initially
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(2) Lesion sitebelow clavicle, unclear edge center: smaller caseous necrosis surrounding: surrounded by inflammation exudative serous fluid, monocytes, LC, neutrophils
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(3) Clinical features Symptoms: low-grade fever, anorexia , fatigue, weight loss, night sweats , general malaise cough . hemoptysis (cavitary disease). Tubercle bacilli (+)
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(4) Results Healing: treatment earlier
absorption, fibrosis, encapsulation, calcification
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Progress Caseous necrosis liquefied
bronchialcaseous pneumonia
destroy pleura spontaneous pneumothorax
thoracic cavitytuberculous pyopneumothorax
persistentchronic fibro-cavitative pulmonary TB
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fibrosisabsorbedcalcificationspreadFinal result:Most healingLess solution and spread
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3. Chronic fibro-cavitative pulmonary TB adult, common type(1) Arising in: usually acute cavity of infiltrative pulmonary TB
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Formation of thick wall cavity one or more bilateral lung upper lobe of lung variation in size irregular shape(2) Features of lesion
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Cavity wall (LM) : three layers1.inner:caseous necrosis
2.midial:tuberculous granulation tissue
3.outer: fibrous tissue123
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123
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within cavity: bridge like appearance
vessels which have thrombosis organization
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Unilateral or bilateral lung: new or old, variation in size, different types of lesion Adjacent tissue widely fibrosis pleura thickened
sclerosing pulmonary TB
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(3) Clinical features
Origin of infection open pulmonary tuberculosis Hemoptysis (eroding large vessels)
Death
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An 80-year-old female who exsanguinated from massive hemoptysis due to tuberculosis and bronchiectasis.
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Widely fibrosis pulmonary hypertension cor pulmonale Small cavityscar Large cavityopen healing
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Sputum with bacteria throat and intestinal TB Destroy pleura: pneumothorax pyopneumothorax
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4. Caseous pneumonia(1) Arising in:immunity, allergyinfiltrative type pulmonary TBbacteria in acute or chronic cavity, disseminated by bronchi
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(2) Lesions lobular lobar Gross: enlargement of lobe, consolidation ,acute cavity LM: alveoli filled with serofibrous exudates, many macrophages, widely caseous necrosis necrosis exudation, Bac (+)
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(3) Clinical features bad prognosis
deathgalloping consumption
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5. Tuberculoma(1) Arising in:Infiltrative P.TB large necrotic focus F. encapsulationCavity: draining bronchi blocked cavity filled with necrosisFusion of several focus
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(2) Lesions solitary, fibrous encapsulated, clear edge, round, caseous necrosis focusdiameter: 2-5cm
number: usually one, sometime multiple site: upper lobe
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(3) Clinical ferturesrelative motionlesshealing: organization, calcificationdevelopment: Necrosis , focus extensionLiquefiedcavitySpread by bronchi
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6. Tuberculous pleuritis(1) Arising in: primary and all stage of secondary pulmonary TB
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(2) Lesions Exudative TB pleuritis(siccus) Source: primary pulmonary TB ( primary focus or TB of LN )
same side pleura
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bacilli of focus or hilar lymphonodusspreadpleura sensitive reaction: bacteria protein
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Lesion: serofibrous inflammationResults: absorption completely: hydrothorax organization: thicken, adhesion
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Proliferative TB pleuritis (humectus) source: focus below pleura extending directly
lesions: usually apex of lung, localized proliferation mainly, less hydrothorax
results: fibrosispleura thicken, adhesion
Caseous pleurisy: not frequently seen special type
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Primary SecondaryInfection Primary SecondaryPatients Children Adult Immune or None Establishedhypersensitivity Characteristics Primary complex VariableInitial focus Lower part of upper lobe Apex of the lung upper part of lower lobe close to the pleuraFeatures Exudation and necrosis Proliferation and necrosisDissemination Lymphatic or hematogenous BronchialClinical course Short,spontaneous healing Long, instable
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primary PTBsecondary PTBextrapulmonaryderived from. Hematogenous TB
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1. Acute systemic miliary TBprimary focuseroding vein of lungleft heartall the organs (lung, liver, brain, spleen, kidney)miliary TBv
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(1) Gross: scattered uniformly , similar size resemblance to millet , yellow-white with clear edge(2) LM: main :proliferative lesion tubercle exudation or necrosis
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(3) Clinical course: obvious symptoms treatment in time well prognosis lesstuberculous meningitisdeath
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2. Chronic systemic miliary TB: common in adultexudation + proliferation + necrosislesionuneven
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3. Acute pulmonary miliary TBa part of acute systemic miliary TB: commonlimited in lung: less
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Caseous necrosis of tracheo-bronchial and mediastinal, hilar LN vein corner right heartlungacute miliary tuberculosis
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Gross: both lung congestion, increasing weight, cut surface dark-red in color, numerous grey or grey-yellow miliary nodules in size rising on surface of lung
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4. Chronic pulmonary miliary TB common in adultExtrapulmonary-TBTB bacilli (outside lung)long period intermissionbloodnew or old lesion
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Import knowledges:Tuberculoma2. Caseous pneumoniaQuestion:The difference between Primary P TB and Secondary P TB .
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