Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing...

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Sea Ice Update Marika Holland and David Bailey National Center for Atmospheric Research University of Toronto November 2012 NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation CESM Workshop June 2017

Transcript of Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing...

Page 1: Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation •Radiativefluxes over sea ice are much improved •Less SW and more LW •Associated

Sea Ice Update

Marika Holland and David BaileyNational Center for Atmospheric Research

University of TorontoNovember 2012

NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation

CESM WorkshopJune 2017

Page 2: Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation •Radiativefluxes over sea ice are much improved •Less SW and more LW •Associated

8/2/2017 28/2/2017 28/2/2017 28/2/2017 2CESM Workshop June 2016

Marika [email protected]

Run 79. NH Sea Ice

Ann Mean Thickness (Years 72‐91)

Run 36

Run 79

Where we were one year ago

Page 3: Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation •Radiativefluxes over sea ice are much improved •Less SW and more LW •Associated

CESM2 Update• Multiple issues have put us behind schedule (see Jean‐Francois Lamarque’s talk yesterday)

• Test runs we will discuss are short (<100 years for PI controls)

• Only showing results from PI control runs• We focus on aspects of the sea ice and heat budgets that seem to be robust across test runs

• Focus mostly on Arctic conditions • Caveat that these are not the final CESM2 integrations and things are still subject to change

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CESM2 Update

• Changes have been made to the land ice runoff outside of Greenland and Antarctica

• Heat is now being used from the atmosphere to melt water before it enters ocean

• No longer have excessive (~100m) thick ice in the Canadian Archipelago

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NH Sea Ice Extent

Annual cycle of NH Extent

CESM2 Test Runs –

• Typically have a smaller annual cycle

• Less ice in winter than CESM‐LE

• More ice in summer than CESM‐LE

CESM‐LECESM2 TestObs

Page 6: Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation •Radiativefluxes over sea ice are much improved •Less SW and more LW •Associated

Arctic Sea Ice – Snow Thickness

Snow ThicknessCESM‐LECESM2 Test

Summer (JAS) Mean Snow Thickness 

Page 7: Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation •Radiativefluxes over sea ice are much improved •Less SW and more LW •Associated

Arctic Sea Ice – Snow Thicknesshs Arctic Ocean Mean

J F M A M J J A S O N D

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4CESM‐LECESM2 Test

Snow thickness on Arctic Sea IceArctic Ocean Mean

CESM2 Test Runs –

• Have thinner snow on sea ice throughout the year

• Have snow‐free summers unlike CESM‐LE

• May now have a bit too little snow compared to observations

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rain Arctic Ocean Mean

J F M A M J J A S O N D0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

snow Arctic Ocean Mean

J F M A M J J A S O N D

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08 Arctic PrecipitationCESM‐LE

CESM2 Test

CESM‐LE

CESM2 Test

CESM2 Test Runs

• Less snowfall throughout the year

• More rainfall present throughout year

• Realistic??

Snowfall rate in cm/day

Rainfall rate in cm/day

As discussed in Light et al. (2015) excessive snow cover in summer is related to episodic summer snowfall events

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CESM‐LE has excessive 

incoming SW Radiation in the 

Arctic

CESM‐LE ISCCP

CESM‐LE minus ISCCP

JJA Incoming Surface SW RadiationArctic Surface Heat Budget‐Incoming SW

Page 10: Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation •Radiativefluxes over sea ice are much improved •Less SW and more LW •Associated

Arctic Surface Heat Budget‐Incoming SWCESM2 Test RunsIncoming SW Bias is largely alleviated

fswdn

J F M A M J J A S O N D0

50

100

150

200

250

300

W m

-2

Incoming SW Radiation Averaged over Arctic Ocean

CESM‐LECESM2 Test

Diamonds show SHEBA data for a real world reference

• Associated with mixed phase clouds

• Increase in super‐cooled water within clouds, which is more realistic

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CESM‐LE has too little incoming LW Radiation in the 

Arctic

CESM‐LE ISCCP

CESM‐LE minus ISCCP

Annual Incoming Surface LW RadiationArctic Surface Heat Budget‐Incoming LW

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flwdn

J F M A M J J A S O N D

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

W m

Arctic Surface Heat Budget‐Incoming LW

CESM2 Test RunsIncoming LW Bias 

is improved

Incoming LW Radiation Averaged over Arctic Ocean

CESM‐LECESM2 Test

Diamonds show SHEBA data for a real world reference

Also associated with simulation of mixed 

phase clouds

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Arctic Ice‐Ocean Heat Exchange

fhocn_ai Arctic Ocean Mean

J F M A M J J A S O N D

5

10

15

20

25

fhocn_ai Arctic b.e20.B1850.f09_g17.pi_control.all.180-LE

J F M A M J J A S O N D-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

CESM2 Test minus CESM‐LE

CESM‐LECESM2 Test

CESM2 has

• Less ocean heat flux to ice in summer – due to decreased incoming SW radiation

• More ocean heat flux to ice in winter • Due to ocean transport • May not be robust as 

ocean is still spinning up

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Antarctic Sea Ice Extent

Annual cycle of SH Extent

CESM2 Test Runs –

• Typically have a smaller annual cycle

• Less ice all year compared to CESM‐LE

• Captures min in Feb

CESM‐LECESM2 TestObs

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Antarctic Sea Ice ThicknessCESM‐LECESM2 

Test Run

CESM2 Test Runs –

• Improved thickness pattern in SH

• Thicker ice present in Weddell Sea

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Summary• While CESM2 is not yet completed, some robust features are present in polar regions

• Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation

• Radiative fluxes over sea ice are much improved • Less SW and more LW• Associated with cloud changes

• Antarctic sea ice extent is reduced (improved) and thickness pattern is improved

Page 17: Sea Ice Update · 2017. 8. 15. · •Snow cover in Arctic sea ice reduced due to changing precipitation •Radiativefluxes over sea ice are much improved •Less SW and more LW •Associated

Questions?