SE411 - Adam Nofsinger Virtualization

8/13/2019 SE411 - Adam Nofsinger Virtualization

1/35

Operating System Virtualization

Adam Nofsinger


2/35

2

OS Virtualization

What is it?

Brief History

Why use it? Virtualization

Software

Shortcomings

Future Tech


3/35

3

Virtualization

Definition:

Broadly describes the (beneficial) separation

of a resource or service from the typicalphysical means of providing it.

Examples: Virtual Memory

Virtual Private Networks Java Virtual Machine


4/35

4

Virtualization

OS Virtualization (Virtual Machines)

Separate OS from Physical Hardware

Host OSGuest OS

Host OS

Guest OS

Virtual Layer

Guest OS Guest OS

Hardware


5/35

5

Virtualization Techniques

How does Guest OS get to Hardware?

Host OS

Guest OS

Virtual Layer

Hardware

ProcessorMemoryNICDisk


6/35

6


Virtual Monitor Qemu, Vmware Player, Microsoft Virtual PC

Sometimes called Emulation, e.g. x86 Emulation

Host OS

Guest OS

Virtual Monitor

Guest OS Guest OS

Hardware


7/35

7


Hypervisor Vmware ESX Server, Parallels*

OS

Hypervisor Software

OS OS

Hardware


8/35

8


Para-Virtualization Xen, Vmware Tools*

Host OS

Guest OS(Modified)

Virtual Monitor

Guest OS(Modified)

Guest OS(Modified)

Hardware


9/35

9

One Slide History

1960s IBMs Mainframe Computers (e.g. IBM S/360)

Compatible Time Sharing System (CTSS)

1980s Desktop PCVirtualization on Backburner

1990s - Present IA-32 Server HardwareHigh Profit Market

Virtualization Increased Hardware value.

Vmware Introduces Workstation


10/35

10

Why OS Virtualization?

Multi-Platform Testing

Only need one set of Hardware

Resource saver on purchases (time/money) Can cut setup time

Emulated Hardware

Same Hardware on All Test Environments

Hardware Simulation

Limited Resource Environments


11/35

11


Isolation

Virtual Machine from Host OS / Other VMs

Safe for untrusted applications.

Partitioning of Services

Server Environment more stable.

Some Applications dont play w/ Others

Encapsulation One VMOne File/Folder on Disk

Typically easy to migrate.


12/35

12


OS Debugging Crash on Developing OS do not (typically)

affect Host OS.

Debug Memory dumps

CPU Registers

Serial / Parallel Port dumps

Multiple OS Instances Simultaneously Infrastructure Testing

Win 98Linux OpenBSDWin 2K


13/35

13


Legacy Applications

Server Application Virtualization Testing

Some application commonly on VMs Portability Requirements Lessen

Down with Host OS!

Virtualization is Fun! Gain Experience with new OS.

Help a business transition to Open-Source.


14/35

14

Virtualization Software

Vmware Server

Player

Workstation

ESX Server

Qemu

Xen

Microsoft Virtual PC/Server Connectix


15/35

15

Vmware Server

Currently Free! (But Geared toward Server)

Unique Features vs. Workstation

Remote Administration Consoles

Web Interface

VMs can Run as Service

Slow to Administrate Especially GUI style (e.g. X, Windows)

Can make VMs for Vmware Player


16/35

http://www.vmware.com/products/server 16


17/35



18/35



19/35



20/35



21/35



22/35



23/35

23

Vmware Player

Demo Time!


24/35

24

Vmware WorkStation

Geared more toward Software Developers

Features vs. Vmware Server

Multiple Snapshots Cloning

Movie Recording

Teams & VPNs

$200/license

http://www.vmware.com/img/ws5_large4.png


25/35

25http://www.vmware.com/img/ws5_large3.png


26/35

26

Vmware ESX Server

Intended for Enterprise-Level Servers

Partitioning

Hypervisor Runs on Bare Metal (Hardware Layer)

Live Migration


27/35

27

QEMU

Demo Time!


28/35

28

Xen

Open-Source, Linux

Para-Virtualization

Very Fast Have to use Modified Guest OS

Kernel Modifications

Windows?

Live Migration


29/35

29

Microsoft Virtual PC / Server

The VM Software Formerly Known asConnectix Virtual PC

Runs on x86 or Power PC Architecture

PC: $130 Server: $100 - $200 (#of processor)


30/35

30

Other Offerings

Bochs IA-32 Emulator

http://bochs.sourceforge.net/

Linux-VServer

http://linux-vserver.org/

Virtuozzo => Server Virtualization, $200 - $4000+ http://www.swsoft.com/en/products/virtuozzo/

OpenVZ => Open Source Virtuozzo

http://openvz.org/

Parallels Workstation 2.0 => Hypervisor-Powered, $49 / license

http://www.parallels.com/ TRANGORTOS Hypervisor, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, etc.

http://www.trango-systems.com/
http://bochs.sourceforge.net/http://linux-vserver.org/http://www.swsoft.com/en/products/virtuozzo/http://openvz.org/http://www.parallels.com/http://www.trango-systems.com/http://www.trango-systems.com/http://www.trango-systems.com/http://www.trango-systems.com/http://www.parallels.com/http://openvz.org/http://www.swsoft.com/en/products/virtuozzo/http://linux-vserver.org/http://linux-vserver.org/http://linux-vserver.org/http://bochs.sourceforge.net/


31/35

31

General Shortcomings

Virtual Machine cannot represent realscenario 100% accurately.

Especially true with Para-Virtualization. Most situationsclose enough.

Guest OS Hardware Requirements.

Host needs more RAM, HD Space, etc. Sometimes just to operate


32/35

32

General Shortcomings

Intel IA-32Virtualization Problems

More on this in a bit (Vanderpool)

Some Hardware not supported

USB (Sometimes)

3D Graphics Cards Etc.


33/35

33

Future Tech

Intel VT (aka Vanderpool)

Virtual Machine Extensions (VMX)

10 new virtualization specific instructions

VMXON, VMXOFF

VMLAUNCH, VMRESUME

BIOS / VMM application in the works

OS

Virtual Layer

OS OS

Virtual CPU Virtual CPU Virtual CPU


34/35

34

Future Tech

AMD VT (aka Pacifica)

Similar to Intel

Additions to x86 Architecture to better support VMs

http://enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/Pacifica_en.pdf


35/35

35

References

Amit Sing, An Introduction to Virtualization

http://www.kernelthread.com/publications/virtualization/

Vmware, Virtualization Overview

http://www.vmware.com/virtualization/

Vmware, Virtualization White Paper

http://www.vmware.com/pdf/virtualization.pdf[pdf] Cambridge University Systems Research Group, Xen Website

http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/

Microsoft, Virtual PC Website

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/virtualpc/default.mspx

Bochs Website

http://bochs.sourceforge.net/

Gabriel Torres, Intel Virtualization Technology (VT) Explained

http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/printpage/263

AMD, Pacifica Virtualization Technology

http://enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/Pacifica_en.pdf[pdf]
http://www.kernelthread.com/publications/virtualization/http://www.vmware.com/virtualization/http://www.vmware.com/pdf/virtualization.pdfhttp://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/virtualpc/default.mspxhttp://bochs.sourceforge.net/http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/printpage/263http://enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/Pacifica_en.pdfhttp://enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/Pacifica_en.pdfhttp://www.hardwaresecrets.com/printpage/263http://bochs.sourceforge.net/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/virtualpc/default.mspxhttp://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/http://www.vmware.com/pdf/virtualization.pdfhttp://www.vmware.com/virtualization/http://www.kernelthread.com/publications/virtualization/

SE411 - Adam Nofsinger Virtualization

Documents

Transcript of SE411 - Adam Nofsinger Virtualization