Sculpture

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Sculpture in the Philippines

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SCULPTURE

A sculpture can be divided into two kinds. If the design can be seen in different angles and can stand on a base, meaning from the top view, sides or bottom, it is said to be a Free Style. If the designed is projected in a background such that part of the top portion and two sides can be seen with no rear side exposed, it is called a Relief Style. When the figure is slightly raised, the sculpture is called Bas Relief. Example of which are medals, coins and pendants. When the figure is projected one half or more of its thickness, they are called High Relief. An example of this kind is the wall display of animal head dcor or a flower vase attached to a wall.

Coins,medals,And pendants[example of bas relief sculptures]

Wall display of animal head[example of high relief sculpture]The techniques that are usually followed in sculpture are additive and subtractive. The additives are:

Pottery- process of making jar, ceramics and pots.

Papier Mache- soaked and torn paper with paste added little by little to form something like Sta. Claus, toy horse, giants, and others.

Mobile- a kind of kinetic sculpture, made of strips of metal, glass plastic or wood arranged with wires and hung where they can move and produce sound once hit by air or wind. An example is chimes.

Molding- using cement, lime, or any, powdered substance added with water and forming a design slowly. It is done in many architectural finishing touches like decorative doors ad window panes, cornice, jambs and others.

Casting- is a complex process in sculpture. There are two molds to do. The negative which consists of two or more tightly fitting parts where a material is to be formed and the positive mold which is the product of the negative mold that needs to be fired as the next process. An example of casting products is a figurine found in the sidewalk.

Construction- the process of assembling different materials by gluing, pasting or tying. The materials might be discarded and light materials.

Welding- assembling pieces of metal with the use of welding machine or by oxyacetylene torch. An example of this is Castrillos Pieta in Loyola Memorial Park in Paranaque City.

oxyacetylene torch

Eduardo Castrillos PietaHammered sculpture-are performed by artists who use metal sheets like lead or copper. The hammering is done by pushing in some portion of the sheet and pushing out in the other side until a desired design is formed. Abdul Marie Imao had used this in his Sarimanok work.

Abdulmari Imaos SarimanokFabrication-is process of fastening, nailing, joining, stapling, soldering and welding piece materials together. Wood metals, plastic and other materials that can be put together are the media.

Modeling- is building the form using highly plastic material such as wax or clay. An armature is used as skeleton for the form. A metal wire is placed at the middle to hold the clay together and refrain from collapsing. When the form is finished, it is fired or cast.

The subtracting technique is done only by carving. A big timber or wood, stone, ivory is subtracted little by little until a desired design is reached. This technique is considered to be the hardest and time consuming process so it is called the painstaking process of sculpture.

Carved SculpturesSculpture during the ancient time was an ordinary activity as an answer for survival. Our ancestors learned to carve, weave, engage in metal and jewelry craft and many more. The unearthed manunggul jar in Palawan cave 2700 years ago was a proof. They patiently designed from the smallest jar to the biggest storage for the dead.

Manunggul Jar