SC’s Secession from the Union

Standard Indicator 8-4.3

Missouri Compromise Missouri applies for statehood (1st time a state

had been admitted since the Louisiana Purchase)

Upset the balance of free & slave state votes in Senate

Compromise was reached-Missouri was admitted as a slave state—Maine as free state

What is a protective tariff?Designed to raise import taxes on goods coming from

foreign countries in order to make them more expensive than goods produced in the United States

Benefited new industries in the North In SC, it raised the price of manufactured goods SC

brought from the north & Britain southerners objected to raising the protective tariff

Nullification CrisisUnited States Congress passed a protective tax in 1828 Vice President John C. Calhoun claimed under the compact theory that it was a

state’s right to declare such a law unconstitutional and nullify it through a special state convention

threatened the unity of the United States and the exclusive right of the Supreme Court to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional

South Carolinians split into a States’ Rights Party (Nullifiers) and a Union party (Unionists)

Nullification Crisis In 1832, the Nullifiers won control of the

General Assembly United States Congress passed another tariff

in 1832 SC legislature met to nullify the tariff

John C. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency and entered the U. S. Senate where he was a strong voice against the tariff and for nullification

Nullification Crisis Andrew Jackson urged congress to pass a force

bill would authorize the national government to

send troops to collect the tariff in SC The crisis ended with a compromise Congress lowered the tariff & SC repealed its

nullification of it (SC then nullified the Force Bill)

Theory of Secession An alternative to the nullification of laws Allowed states to leave the United States if they

believed that their rights were being infringed upon Under this compact (between states) theory, the

states were more powerful than the federal union that was the United States

The states’ rights theories of both nullification and secession would eventually be tested and disproven by civil war

Mexican War The California Territory became part of the

US through the treaty that ended the Mexican War

1849 Gold Rush Californians wanted their state to be “free

soil” they petitioned to enter as a free state Resulted in the Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 California is a free state Outlawed slave trade in

Washington DC The rest of the Mexican Cession would decide

if they were free/slave by a vote by the residents (popular sovereignty)

Fugitive Slave Law “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe

(5:26)

Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas Territory was in the northern part of

the Louisiana Territory Missouri Compromise states it could not be a

slave state Politicians wanted a railroad to go through

Kansas, but needed southern support

Kansas-Nebraska Act Cont…. Repealed the 36◦ 30’ line of the Missouri

Compromise Popular Sovereignty for new states “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown and bleeding Kansas

Documentary (8:59)

Bleeding KansasNorthern Whigs and northern Democrats who

were appalled at the violence joined with the Free Soil Party

those opposed to the expansion of slavery and the Liberty Party (abolitionists) to form a new political party: the Republicans

Dred Scott Decision Supreme Court attempt to end the controversy

over the role of free states in determining the status of the enslaved

“Once free, always free” Constitution protects the owner of property

from having the government take that property away

Dred Scott Decision Cont……. Also ruled that the Congress could not pass

measures limiting the expansion of slavery in the territories

(5:47)

Election of 1860 Republican Abraham Lincoln

campaigned on a platform of “free soil”

Lincoln was not an abolitionist in 1860 After his election, SC called a special convention

and signed the Articles of Secession Claimed the rights of South Carolinians had not

been & would not be protected by the federal government….6 other states seceded soon after

Video (2:29)