Scott Higgins Schneider Electric NAM...
Transcript of Scott Higgins Schneider Electric NAM...
DoD Installation MicrogridsScott Higgins – Schneider Electric NAM
Mix of influencer in today’s microgrid solutions
Page 2Schneider Electric |
Historically passive consumers are thinking about energy in new ways
Cost● Lower / More Predictable Energy Costs
● Energy / Fuel Source Arbitrage
● Flexibility drives savings / incremental revenue
Resilience● Serve loads during times of grid stability
● Oasis for employees / customers – shelter in place
● Protect power sensitive / critical assets from poor
power quality
Sustainability● Reduce carbon footprint
● Improve brand image
● Attract / Service carbon sensitive customers
Utility Connection
Solar PV
Combined
Heat
& Power
Baseload
Generation
Battery Energy
Storage System
Electric
Vehicle
Critical Loads
Essential &
Standard Loads
Facilities have varying
degrees of supply and
demand flexibility
Lights and EV
Charging
Grid, Solar and
Storage
Lights and EV
Charging, HVAC and
Cold Chain
Grid, CHP, Solar and
Storage
Lights and Motors
Grid and Solar
The more flexibility
the better their site
optimization potential
DoD Installations: Distribution and Building Microgrids
Leveraging EcoStruxure Grid, Power and Buildings we enable the Prosumer:
Utility, Campus or Building Microgrid• DER Point of Coupling
• Solar PV
• Battery Energy Storage
(BESS)
• Generator/CHP
• DA/Self-Healing Distribution• Substation, DER PCC
• Microgrid Automation
• Load Shed/Add,
Protection, Metering
• Grid-Tied and Grid-
Islanded Operation
Substation Automation
• Economic Optimization
• Building Automation
• Process Automation
• Energy Automation
Distribution Microgrid
Building
Microgrids
Feeder Automation
Energy Control Center
Microgrid Advisor
EPSS
Adding Microgrid Energy to a FacilityThermal systems replace existing boilers and leverage
existing thermal distribution system
Isolation switchfor Islanding fromthe Utility Grid
Microgrid Energy PlantBaseload Power Source
Microgrid: Complements Utility and Standby Power Delivery• A Microgrid Energy Plant may
be composed of CHP,
Generator, Storage, Solar, Fuel
Cell or other Distributed Energy
Resource
• Complements and extends the
capabilities of existing Standby
Power Systems and often
integrates ASCO Automatic
Transfer Switches
• A baseload Microgrid provides
most if not all baseload
generation and all thermal
energy. Operates in parallel
with Utility Service.
• In Emergency, Microgrid
islands from Utility and powers
all loads, not just standby or
critical loads alone.
EPSS Backup Plant
Utility Distribution
Cold
Hot
“Tame” Distributed Energy Resources = predictable
‘dispatchable’ generation (Recips, Turbines, Gensets)
Seconds Seconds
“Tame” Distributed Energy Resources = predictable “baseload”
power resources – Fuel Cells or Cogeneration (CHP)
Solar PV on T1 / GTC
Fuel Cell CHP Units
Switch
Transformer
Main Distribution
Panels
5kV network
Loads
Other Solar PV is remote from T1 / GTC and ties to the 5kV network.
Electric Energy Storage
ECCUnit Sub
Microgrid Concept – Fuel Cells, Generators and BESS
Utility #1 Service Utility #2 Service
OSHPD
BUS
CRITICAL
PROTECTED LOADS
2 MW Fuel Cell
U-Cap+GFI1.1 MW Fuel Cell
U-Cap+GFI
Non-OSHPD
LOADSNon-OSHPD
LOADS
BESS AC Coupled to MG Bus and sized to provide load support above 2.6MW
DC Coupled U-CAP
400VDC Bus
Inverter 400VDC-480VAC
Diesel Generator
DC Coupled U-CAP
400VDC Bus
Inverter 400VDC-480VAC
500kW
BESS
Microgrid
4160V Bus
and Controls
“Wild” Distributed Energy Resources = Intermittent Renewables
“Wild” DER + Energy Storage = “Tamed” DER
At any Scale
Energy Storage deploys in two very different architectures:
Critical
loads
N.O.
Essential
loads
• Bidirectional inverter - must transition from current
source (grid following) to voltage source (grid forming)
subject to UL1741
• “Blink” duration from < 1 cycle to over 20 cycles when
outage occurs, depending on many product and utility
fault factors
• Some are 88-89% efficient round trip*
• More cost effective for some grid tied use cases
• Double conversion – always on, and no “blink” to
critical loads
• Corrects outages and all types of voltage and
frequency variation in compliance with IEC 62040-3
Class 1
• Best in class are 99 to 98% efficient using “eco-mode”
and up to 95% in double conversion mode
• Better for resilience and critical loads
BESS
Primarily Energy
Applications
Double Conversion UPS
Primarily Power
Applications
Page 13Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Different prosumer persona has different energy storage requirementsKey C&I applications mostly in 2-4 hours capacity range – Key PQ applications response in the Milli-Second/Cycles timeframe
Demand-charge reduction (2-4 hr)
Increase renewable self-consumption (1-4 hr)
< 30 min 1 hour 2 hour 4 hour
Required backup time
Backup/Resiliency
(< 1 hr)
Freq Reg
(< 30 min)
Demand Response (2-4 hr)€
Prosumer
Persona
Primary
demand
UPS/PQ
Sub Sec-Sec
PV
Storage
Genset
Wind
Utility
EcoStruxure
Microgrid AdvisorEV Cloud App
Concept EV Charging Infrastructure
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
EV Charging Infrastructures = MicrogridWe apply the same EcoStruxure technologies to enable these unique DERs
Microgrid Project Development
Page 16Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Feasibility, Energy and Financial Modelling
Concept Design Iteration Use Case Refinement
Customer and Partner Workshops and Contracts
Use Cases
Use Cases
Final engineeringIntegration testing and Construction
Final Testing and Configuration
Commissioning and COD
Analytics and ReportingOperation, Maintain,
Optimize
• Customer goals are defined
• Address, site data
• Interval data on electric and gas usage
obtained
• Tariffs, incentives evaluated
• Interconnect process mapped
• Fatal flaws identified
• Schedules created
• Fatal flaws mitigated (interconnect
challenges, study periods, air quality permits)
• Further design and refinement
• Direct utility involvement
• Sequence of Operation (SOO)
• Schedules finalized
• Select vendors and execute contracts for
DER, EPC, PPAs, SOWs and guarantees
as needed
• An “off ramp” may be agreed to in case
fatal flaws cause the project to fail –
NEPA, permits, interconnect
• Deliver and install DER solution at
customer site• Final testing of initial
configuration by using pre-
developed use cases
• Finalize commissioning of the DER
solution
• Interconnect the DERs
• Guarantee performance
• Begin metering and verification, maintenance
and optimization as needed• Advanced analytics framework
provides detailed reports outlining
DER and site performance
• ARO, receive interconnection
approval, air quality and other
permitting
• Get NTP from investor if applicable
• Test use cases and controls, often
with model based design SIL, HIL
Schneider’s Microgrid Energy Simulation Software
Our strength: Using the Same tools and algorithms to “Model” as
EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor will use to “Operate” the Microgrid
MGDT Lite
Pre-Sales Qualification
MGDT Full
Detailed engineering design
DiSiPl
Research & SIL validation
Page 18Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Schneider’s Microgrid Design Tool (MGDT) in a nutshell
First simple web tool (intranet today)
Customizable for different users
Typical case settings (weather, load
usages, energy rate)
Microgrid configuration (PV, BESS,
Genset, offgrid mode)
Results: economic KPI (+off grid
autonomy), sizing impact, automatic
size optimization
Page 19Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor
Page 19Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Demand
response
requests
Response to
Utility
Energy market
pricing
Day Ahead
Dynamic
Coincident
Peak
Net Metering
Weather
forecast
PV
Load
Forecast
Building
constraints
Temp
SOC on
Battery
HMI
Page 20Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Microgrid Advisor: Oncor Microgrid, Lancaster, TexasPeak Electric or Gas Pricing – Tariff Optimization
Tariff Optimization and Demand Limiting,
happening every day● Prosumer optimization of battery charge, discharge,
tariff Management and peak shaving
● Demand Limiting begins at 9:00AM, set at 700kW
Actual KW Forecasted kWSolar PV Battery Storage
Source: Oncor – May 27, 2015● Algorithm completes demand limiting, and then recharges to
prepare for Peak Tariff event
● Algorithm evaluates additional demand limiting value compared
to tariff management case, and decides to charge and prepare
the BESS for next period based on optimizing economic
performance.
Site Specific Utility Rate-Tariff Structure is Modeled
Model Energy Costs ($/kWh) and Demand Cost ($/kW) against season and time of day
Obtain Electric Demand Interval Data – Ideally 365 Days
Utility Rate Structure for Energy and Power Demand
Model Battery Energy Storage System
kW/kWh with Utility Rate-Based Economic Dispatch
Model Solar PV and Solar PV + BESS
Depending on cost of solar, the solar + BESS can improve the kWh and kW demand profile
and also alter the total design life of the BESS, improving financials
Optimize DER Size, Type, Mix, & Economics vs. Planned Use
Base Load Profile
Solar Profile
BESS Profile
Microgrid Design Tool Analysis
Model Financials, ROI, Payback
Adjust BESS and PV System Sizes
Adjust Equipment O&M Cost Assumptions
Include Rebates and Incentives
Optimize payback period
Higher Initial Capex may maximize savings
but also increase Payback
Also Analyze what happens after the 10,15
or 20 year PPA or UESC/ESPC
• Equipment Upgrades
• Buyout or Resale
Building Scale Microgrids
For Buildings and Building-Clusters
Undisclosed LocationSolar PV, 125kW/250kWh BESS, Micro CHP Unit
LV Energy Control Center
Micro-CHP Unit
Battery Energy Storage Unit
Solar PV Ground Mount
LV Distribution Conductor
Undisclosed LocationExisting Diesel Generator, ~600kW Solar PV, 250kW/500kWh BESS
LV Energy Control Center
Existing Diesel Standby Gen
Battery Energy Storage Unit
Solar PV Ground Mount
LV Distribution Conductor
Microgrid Node – Traditional Critical Infrastructure Building
. . .
Standard loads
. . .
Essential loads
Critical loads
ATS
Utility Connection and Facility
Transformer
Building Main Breaker
Standby
Gen
Important for main mission
of the building but can sustain a
“bump” or short term outage
(minutes)
Not required for main mission
Represent flexible loads that we
don’t require, but would be nice to
have.
Required as uninterruptable
Mission Critical and cannot sustain even a millisecond of interruption
Microgrid Node – Traditional Critical Infrastructure Building
. . .
Standard loads
. . .
Essential loads
UPS
Critical loads
ATS
Uninterruptable Power Supply for Critical Loads
Microgrid Node – Traditional Critical Infrastructure Building
. . .
Standard loads
. . .
Less Essential,
Essential loads
UPS
Critical loads
ATS
. . .
Essential loads
Microgrid Node – Traditional Building + Solar PV
. . .
Standard loads
UPS
Critical loads
ATS
. . .
Less Essential,
Essential loads
. . .
Essential loads
Grid Tied Solar cannot be used when in standby
power emergency operating mode
Page 34Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Microgrid Node – Traditional Building + Microgrid
. . .
Standard loads
. . .
Essential loads
UPS
Critical loads
ATS
. . .
Highest Priority
Standard loads
. . .
Most Essential,
Essential loads
LV Energy Control Center
. . .
Less Essential,
Essential loads
or
Anchor Resource
Resources can be used to
support either the Critical bus
or the Standard bus through
breaker sequencing
Traditional Building + MicrogridApproach 2 - Upgrade ATS
Also Approach for Utility Paralleling Generator
. . .
Standard loads
. . .
Essential loads
UPS
Critical loads
LV Energy
Control Center
MicroCHP
or Baseload
Generator
Onsite Resources can be
used to supply any loads,
effectively replacing the
either/or approach of an ATS
. . .
Standard loads
. . .
Essential loads
UPS
Critical loads
ATS
Traditional Building + MicrogridApproach 3 (Intercept Utility)
LV Energy
Control Center
Similar to previous, however
the utility main breaker is also
housed in the ECC. This is a
greenfield approach, but also
a brownfield approach
. . .
. . .
Essential loads
UPS
Critical loads
ATS
Adding an ECC to a BrownfieldApproach 4 (Intercept Utility and Use remotely
controllable nodes)
LV Energy Control Center
(Parent)
. . .
Unmanaged
Standard loads
. . .
Managed
Standard loads
ECC (Child)
Edge
Control
Communications link
Enable Load Shed/Add
Of flexible loads
Page 38Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Microgrid Energy Control Center (ECC Sizes)
5000 Amps
1600 Amps
800 Amps
MV or LV Microgrid with Automatic Load Control
. . .
Standard loads
. . .
Essential loadsUPS
Critical loads
Note: ECC circuit breakers
are typically smart and
electrically operated
LV Energy Control Center
Distribution Scale Microgrids
Feeder, Multi-Feeder, Substation Area
Base and Buildings Microgrid OperationsLeveraging the same technology and algorithms as Substations to
automate the prosumer Campus or Building Microgrid
• DER Point of Coupling
• Solar PV
• Battery Energy Storage
(BESS)
• Generator
• Combined Heat and
Power
Substation, DER or PCC
Microgrid Automation, Load
Shed/Add, Protection,
Metering
Utility Substation
• Economic Optimization
• Building Automation
• Process Automation
• Energy Automation
Base Distribution
Microgrid
Building Microgrids
Concept Geographic and Schematic View of 1 Substation Transformer AreaMission Critical Building Today Mission Non-Critical Today
Undisclosed Location
14.5MW of existing generation
2MW
12.5MW
2MW12.5MW
Undisclosed Location
26.4MW of Critical
Load for All Critical
Buildings
Existing 8
MW NG
Standby
Existing
4.6MW NG
Microgrid
New Steam
Generation
1MW
Distribution
System Microgrid
Topology
(Path Estimated)
New 14 MW
NG Standby
Network Reconfiguration
Wild and Tame DER, Storage and
Microgrids require integrated
distribution operations and coordination
Recloser
Reclosers
Feeder Recloser
1
Tie Recloser
Recloser
Feeder Recloser
Recloser
Cap Bank
Cap Bank
Voltage Reg
Voltage Reg
Cap Bank
Substation
Transformer,
Capacitor Bank,
Voltage Regulator
Tame
DER/Storage
MicroGrid
Wild DER
Advanced
DMS/PCS
Typical Pad Mounted Service
Option 1: Automate Utility Main Breaker –
requires refitting each building main breaker
with a motor operated breaker and an RTU to
serve as the SCADA gateway back to the
Utility SCADA.
Option 2: Automate MV Disconnection – requires
installation of a pad-mounted switch on the MV
side of the service transformer or unit
substation along with an RTU to serve as the
SCADA gateway back to the Utility SCADA
Option 3: Automate LV Disconnection – requires
installation of a LV disconnect switch or
breaker that is motor operated on the LV side
of the service transformer or unit substation
along with an RTU to serve as the SCADA
gateway back to the Utility SCADA
Note: To get telemetry/commands from/to the
Switch controller/RTU from the Utility SCADA, the
Secure DNP3 protocol will likely be employed.
Option 1: Automate
Building Main BreakerOption 2: Automate
MV Disconnection
Option 3: Automate
LV Disconnection
Voltage Profile – Power at substation diminishes over distance
Lower Regulatory Limit
114v
Upper Regulatory Limit
126v
VVO and Capacitors flatten profile allowing voltage reduction
ExistingFlattened Profile after VVO
Lower Voltage to Reduce MWs CVR/VR
Fee
der
Vo
ltag
e
Feeder Length
But what about the Grid and Utility need to regulate Voltage, VAR and
Frequency, ideally optimizing at all times
ADMS+Capacitors and LTC
And topological combinations of DER, along with normal and
abnormal conditions requires an adaptive and continuous
Protection Analysis
Thank You