Technology TransferTechnology transfer is the process of sharing of skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among industries, universities, governments and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials or services.

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A technology developed by an organization for a particular purpose was further given to other entities in order to exploit its potential in some areas.

A transfer/transformation/transition process between the technology originator/possessor and the receiver

Technology Transfer DimensionsThe handing over of intellectual property (OEM

drawings, Operations Manuals, Industry Best practice ex EPRI, software etc) from one organisation to another – could be inter or intra organisations

The development of competence amongst people to be able to use technology they possess – on a spectrum of Awareness, to Knowledge, to Skill, to Competence, to Mastery – again either inter or intra-organisationally

Technology Transfer can only be said to be effective when the recipient (organisation or individual) is capable of routinely using and applying it as part of business – it has become part of the culture in the widest sense

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Transferring levelInternational—from the DCs to NICs or

LDCs Regional—indigenous vs. foreign Industrial—the threat of outsiders Corporation—licensing programInternal—the issue of transferring price

Varied Roles

Distribution

Research

Development

Production

IDEA

MARKET

Universities

ResearchInstitutes

Universities

ResearchInstitutes

Start-upFirms

R & DFirms

Start-upFirms

R & DFirms

LargerCompanies

LargerCompanies

Manufacturing

Contractual AspectsWhen plant is built/modified and new

methodologies need to be shifted from OEM to user.Nature of the transfer and monitoring specified

in the contract is critical.Suppliers of equipment do minimum

technology transfer to protect themselves.User to fully specify and then ensure and

assure that transfer takes place DocumentationAssured competence of individuals who have

been trained7

User may need to provide considerable assistance to the supplier to enable effective transfer to take placeAligning the supplier with the individual’s normal

learning environment.Fulfillment of the contract dependent on a 2-way

processPassing of informationReceiving and assimilation to the point of

operational competenceImportant to how learning takes place, its application

in the workplace and the measurement of competence.

Continuing Professional DevelopmentContinuing professional development concerned with

self-learning, exposure, coaching and mentoring e.g.Learning to use new machineryOperating to changed proceduresUsing new tools, techniques and systemsDevelopment and installation of improved and best

practice.The methodology of transfer becomes ever wider –

ranging from institutionalised training through to networking, best practice work groups and simply reading of discipline, management and business related material.

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Technology Transfer ScopeAre we talking the whole gamut from

manufacturing and commissioning contracts and the documentation associated with them, through to the way individual learning is handled?

Are we taking into account knowledge warehousing and the ways this is populated, accessed and protected as intellectual property?

Do we include organisation culture (including procedures and assurance surrounding the identification, capturing, securing and dissemination of technical knowledge)?

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ObjectivesEstablish world wide participation reflected by

the Work Group Members

Identify those aspects that influence the achievement of technology transfer

Establish influence of global location (Americas vs Africa vs Asia vs Europe), legislation, culture

Establish best practices for technology transfer with regard to maximising benefit vs effort / cost, co-operation with OEM’s / NGO’s

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Establish methods to increase the flow of innovations and invention disclosures

Establish models to solidify relationships with

researchers and industry partners

Identify evaluation methods and models

Establish methods for reviewing and reporting on the effectiveness of technology transfer processes

Establish methods for determining benefits realisation