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Scope Management
05-01 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Chapter 5 Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter, students will be able to:
Understand the importance of scope management for project success.
Understand the significance of developing a scope statement.
Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a project.
Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix for a project.
Describe the roles of changes and configuration management in assessing project scope.
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Project Scope
Project scope is everything about a project –work content as well as expected outcomes.
Scope management is the function of
controlling a project in terms of its goals
and objectives and consists of:
1) Conceptual development 4) Scope reporting
2) Scope statement 5) Control systems
3) Work authorization 6) Project closeout
05-03 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Conceptual DevelopmentThe process that addresses project objectives by
finding the best ways to meet them.
Key steps in information development:
Problem/need statement
Information gathering
Constraints
Alternative analysis
Project objectives
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Problem StatementsSuccessful conceptual development requires:
Reduction of overall project complexity
Goals and objects are clearly stated
Reference points are provided
Complete understanding of the problem
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Statement of Work (SOW)A SOW is a detailed narrative description of the work
required for a project.
Effective SOWs contain
1. Introduction and background
2. Technical description
3. Timeline and milestones
4. Client expectations
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Statement of Work Components Background
Objectives
Scope
Task or Requirements
Selection Criteria
Deliverables or Delivery Schedule
Security
Place of Performance
Period of Performance
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Scope Statement Process1. Establish the project goal criteria
a) cost
b) schedule
c) performance
d) deliverables
e) review and approval gates
2. Develop the management plan for the project
3. Establish a work breakdown structure
4. Create a scope baseline
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Goal Setting With and Without Work Breakdown Structures (WBS)
Figure 5.2
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)A process that sets a project’s scope by breaking down its
overall mission into a cohesive set of synchronous, increasingly specific tasks.
What does WBS accomplish?
Echoes project objectives
Offers a logical structure
Establishes a method of control
Communicates project status
Improves communication
Demonstrates control structure
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Work Breakdown Structure and Codes
Work Packages are individual project activities
1.0
1.2 1.3 1.4
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.2.3.1
1.2.3.2
Deliverables are major project components
Sub-deliverables are supporting deliverables
The project is the overall project under development
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Sample WBS in MS Project 2010
05-12Figure 5.7
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Defining a Work Package
Lowest level in WBS
Deliverable result
One owner
Miniature projects
Milestones
Fits organization
Trackable
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Organizational Breakdown StructureOrganizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) allows
Work definition
Owner assignment of work packages
Budget assignment to departments
OBS links cost, activity & responsibility
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Intersection of the WBS and OBS
05-15Figure 5.8Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Cost Account Rollup Using OBS
05-16Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure 5.10
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Responsibility Assignment Matrix
05-17Figure 5.11 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Defining a Project Work Package1. Work package forms lowest level in WBS.
2. Work package has a deliverable result.
3. Work package has one owner.
4. Work package may be considered by its owner as a project in itself.
5. A work package may include several milestones.
6. A work package should fit organizational procedures and culture.
7. The optimal size of a work package may be expressed in terms on labor hours, calendar time, cost, reporting period, and risks.
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Work Authorization
The formal “go ahead” to begin work
Follows the scope management steps of:
1. scope definition
2. planning documents
3. management plans
4. contractual documents
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Contractual Documentation
Most contracts contain:
Requirements
Valid consideration
Contracted terms
Contracts range from:
Lump Sum Cost Plusalso called
“Turnkey”
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Scope Reporting
determines what types of information reported, who receives copies, when, and how information is acquired and disseminated.
Typical project reports contain
1. Cost status
2. Schedule status
3. Technical performance
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Reasons Why Projects Fail
Politics
Naïve promises
Naïve optimism of youth
Startup mentality of fledging entrepreneurial companies
“Marine Corps” mentality
Intensive competition caused by globalization
Intense competition caused by appearance of new technologies
Intense pressure caused by unexpected government regulations
Unexpected and/or unplanned crises
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Types of Control Systems
o Configuration
o Design
o Trend monitoring
o Document
o Acquisition
o Specification
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Project Closeout
The job is not over until the paperwork is done…
Closeout documentation is used to:
Resolve disputes
Train project managers
Facilitate auditing
Closeout documentation includes:
Historical records
Post project analysis
Financial closeout
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Summary
1. Understand the importance of scope management for project success.
2. Understand the significance of developing a scope statement.
3. Construct a Work Breakdown Structure for a project.
4. Develop a Responsibility Assignment Matrix for a project.
5. Describe the roles of changes and configuration management in assessing project scope.
05-25 05-26Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall