Scientific research –Context and Content

Where are we, and where are we going with the promotion of

Kinesiological research?

Dansk Pædagogisk Kinesiologiskole. 2009

Danish School of Paedagogical Kinesiology 2009

Presentation byAnnemarie Goldschmidt, Denmark

at ”Kinesiology around the World”. 2009

Purpose of this presentation:

• To share what I have done and participated in,

A. at my own school

B. being part of two groups af scientific researchers at two universities in Denmark

• To encourage other Kinesiologists to enter the world of research in Specialized Kinesiology

My presentation will be in three parts

• Part 1. Where we are re. CAM in Denmark. Some background information.

• Part 2. The kind of scientific research in Kinesiology which has taken place in Denmark since 2003. Where and with whom?

• Part 3. Further promotion of Kinesiological research. How can we progress locally and globally? Discussion.

Issues for discussion

• What do we need to be accepted as co-operators?

• What did I do to be accepted as part of two groups of researchers at two universities in Denmark?

• What can any kinesiologist initiate on her / his own?

• Where do we have our strength: Medical research? Anthropological? Psychological? Sociological? Spiritual? Therapeutic work? Health promotion?

• Publishing of outcome.

Part 1. Background information

• Use of CAM in Denmark

• Who is allowed to practice?

• Registration by the Health Department

• Application to the Health Department

• Permission granted

• Requirements of the Law to the CAM organisation and to the practitioner

The use of CAM in Denmark

• About 50 % of all Danes have used one or several CAM disciplines in their lifetime

• About 21 % have used CAM within the last year (The Danish Institute of Health 2005)

• Acupuncture, Foot reflexology, Massage are the ”top three”. Kinesiology takes the number 9 seat out of 10.

Who is allowed to practise CAM?

In short: everybody and anybody !!No supervision needed by GP or other medically

trained person.Restrictions:• No prescription rights• No medical diagnosis• No CAM practitioner is allowed to prevent

clients in seaking medical treatment.• Clients shall always be referred to GP, hospital

etc. in case of illness.

Registration

Department of Health

CAM organisation CAMorganisation CAMorganisation

Application to the Health Department

The CAMorganisations, among which The Danish Kinesiology Association (DKA), sent in their application to the Health Department (starting 2004) to be validated as being

responsible for registering it´s own members.

Permission was granted to DKA in 2005

Requirements of the LawIt is mandatory for the CAMorganisation to have a democratic structure, clear purpose of promotion of the CAM discipline it covers, clear Code of Ethics including a complaints board.

A practioner, e.g. a kinesiologist with• a certain amount of training, including Anatomy,

Physiology, Pathology and Psychology• status as Professional member of the organisation• a documented annual ongoing training

could apply for the ”title”Kinesiologist RAB

(RAB as short for ”Reg. practitioner in CAM”)

Part 2. Research

• 1. ”Paedagogical Kinesiology and the overcoming of learning problems” (1989)

• 2. Pilot-project re. ”Description of Client-experienced Effects of Kinesiology Balancing” (2003)

• 3. The ”supply” of CAM in Denmark (2007)

• 4. Casestudy on ”Description of Paedagogical Kinesiology as a method for Health Promotion and Prevention of Stress-related Problems” (2008)

• 5. ”The Kinesiological Body”. An anthropological study of the kinesiological worldview analyzed through its body narratives. (2009)

1. Paedagogical Kinesiology and the overcoming of learning problems• A comperative study made and published by a professor

from the University of Copenhagen together with AG• Two groups of students (14 + 14)• 4th grade in primary school• Project group had 3 – 4 kinesiology sessions as part of

their Spec. Ed.• Control group NO kinesiology, just Spec. Ed.• Effect: 6 students in project group left the intensive

Spec. Ed. Only 2 students in the control group.• Question emerged: why not all 14?• Answer: NEC

2. Pilot-project re. Description of Client-experienced Effects of Kinesiology Balancing

• Collection of data based upon students´ essays after 2½ years education

• Grant from private foundation

• Project described and published by sociologist in cooperation with AG

• Effect: 76 % of the clients reached their goal completely, 20 % partially (168 clients, average 3.87 sessions)

• NEC reduced to 0 % in most cases.

The effect relative to the stated goal

Nåede klient mål

25%

4%

71%

Delvist

Nej

Ja

Partially25%

No4%

Yes71%

Goal reached

The influence of NEC

% with 0% NEC at the start of the last session

Goal reached

Yes No Partially Total

0% NEC at the

start

Yes 76,70% 0,80% 22,50% 100%

No 54,30% 11,40% 34,30% 100%

Total re. goal 71,60% 3,20% 25,20% 100%

A conclusion

The reduction or elimination of NEC had a measurable effect on the result the clients experienced

Evaluation and resulting questions

• The relation between client and kinesiologist.

• Objectivity. To which extent is Kinesiology an objective proces.

• Context and content

• Authority

• View of human nature

• The kinesiological ”truth” based upon the worldview of kinesiology.

3. The ”supply” of CAM in Denmark (2007)

In 2007 a research was made by a group of people at the University of Southern Denmark

Two professors in Health Economy, two CAM practitioners plus two secretaries were the authors of the resulting report.

Jan Sorensen, Kjeld Moller Pedersen, Leila Eriksen and Annemarie Goldschmidt assisted by Charlotte Horsted and Sanne Jeppesen.

QUESTIONNAIRE

The questionnaire was sent to all CAM practioners, who were PROFESSIONAL members of their organisation.

52 % answered the questions in the first round20 % answered a not so big questionnaire.

We saw thatDenmark has about 50 organized CAM-

practitioners pr. 100.000 inhabitants, compared to about 65 GPs pr. 100.000 inhabitants

Some outcome

Examples:

The average training consisted of 1.130 hours

83,1 % had ongoing training (average 142 hours)

88.1 % had completed a specific training program (kinesiology, homoeopathy etc)

88.1 % had another career prior to the CAM

29.1 % started in the health professions

51 % were registered as RAB

4. Casestudy. Description of sessions. 2008

Paedagogical Kinesiology as a method for Health Promotion and Prevention of Stress-related Diseases.

Casestudy financed by the ”Knowledge- and Researchcenter for Alternative Medicine”.

The project is part of a larger researchprogram at ”Center for Crossdisciplinary Evaluation Studies in Complementary and Alternative Medicine” at the University of Southern Denmark

Use of a specific protocol

The report (76 pages) covers

• Background information

• Information about kinesiology and musclemonitoring

• The protocol

• Four case-stories

• Evaluation and conclusion

• Future perspective

Co-operation between two General Practioners and a two Specialized Kinesiologists

Each of the two GPs recommended Kinesiology to two patients with CFS, chronic pain and / or other stress-related problems.The purpose of the study was the development and use of a specific protocol, which could also be used by other kinesiologists OR other CAM-practitioners.A CASESTUDY, NOT an effectstudy, BUT the experienced effect for the patients/clients was satisfying.

The Immune-competent Personality

This personality is first described by

Dr. George F. Solomon, (1931 – 2001) one of the first scientists to see a link between emotions and immunity, and a pioneer in the field known as psychoneuroimmunology

I was introduced to this personality by dr. Wayne Topping in 2006

5. The Kinesiological Body. 2009

• An Anthropological Study of the Kinesiological Worldview analyzed through its body narratives.

• The study took place at the University of Copenhagen at the Institute of Sociology

• The money (ca. 90.000 USD) was granted from the ”Knowledge and Researchcenter for Alternative Medicine” (www.vifab.dk)

• 4 young ph.d´s plus a professor in Psychology and Sociology in cooperation with AG and a GP

An article will be published in English and Danish

The next slides show some illustrations from the presentation of the project at a Ccescam* conference about ”Danish Research in CAM” (June 2009)

*Center for Crossdisciplinary Evaluation Studies in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (www.ccescam.dk)

The ”model” of the project.

Analytical object

(Body and relations)Social Cooperation

Theories

Meta-theoryMethod

Researchers, Time,

Circumstances.

Other and

previous research

and litterature

Wondering and curiosity

ViFAB

How the field was created

Analytical

Object(Body and relations)

Interview and

observations

Theories about body,

health, disease,

connectedness, relations

Transformation-kinesiology:

Workshops

Educational manuals

Sessions

Paedagogical Kinesiology:

Workshops

Educational manuals

Sessions

The work with a student

This study has given answers to some of the questions from 2003 !!

• The relation between client and kinesiologist.

• Objectivity. To which extent is Kinesiology an objective proces. ?

• Context and content

• Authority

• View of human nature

• The kinesiological ”truth” based upon the worldview of kinesiology.

Next step on my return to Denmark

Another application for another grant.

Project title: ”Client-centered Evaluation of Kinesiology Sessions”.

Subtitle: ”Kinesiology clients´experience of their personal power re. the solution of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual lifeproblems”

This was ”My Way”

Go ahead and find yours!

THANK YOU for being with me.

”Kinesiology Around the World”Conference in Washington DC, July 17th – 20th 2009

Annemarie Goldschmidt, President of IASK and of the Health Council in Denmark.

e-mail: dkpaed@yahoo.dkwww.kinesiologi-uddannelse.dk

Next step today: Part 3. Discussion

My suggestion:

• Let´s use the ”brainstorming” format

• Let´s use the flipchart and a marker

• Let´s share our ideas for further promotion of Kinesiology in the World of Kinesiology

Issues for discussion.

• Further promotion of Kinesiological research.

• How can we progress locally and globally?

• What do we need to be accepted as co-operators?

• What can any kinesiologist initiate on her / his own?

• Where do we have our strength: Medical research? Anthropological? Psychological? Sociological? Spiritual? Therapeutic work? Health promotion?

• Publishing of outcome. How?

• More?