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Scientific Management

Theory

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Principles of Scientific Management

The development of true science of work

The scientific selection & progressive

development of workmen

The bringing together of science of work &scientifically selected and trained workmen

The division of work and responsibilitybetween management and workers.

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The Philosophy of ScientificManagement is-

Science not rule of Thumb

Harmony not discord

Cooperation no Individualism Maximum Output in place of

restricted output

Development in each greatestefficiency & prosperity

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Scientific Management focused on thelowest level (shop floor) of theorganization. It aimed at studying therelationship between physical natureof work and physiological nature ofworkmen. It stressed upon

specialization, technical competence,rationality for improvingorganizational efficiency & economy.

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Soldering Phenomenon

Tendency on part of workers to restrictoutput

Taylor classified this into two- Natural Soldering

Systematic Soldering

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Mental Revolution

Scientific Management involves a completemental revolution on part of workerstowards their duties, their work, their

fellowmen & their employers & on part ofmanagers towards their employees & theirproblems. Thus Mental Revolution requiredthe realisation on part of both parties thattheir mutual interest is not contradictory &

both can prosper through cooperation andnot conflict. This is the essence of ScientificManagement.

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4 are responsible for execution-

Gang Boss

Repair Boss Speed Boss

Inspector

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Motion Study

It is a technique of standardization ofwork methods. Involves observationof all motions comprised in aparticular job and then determinationof the best set of motions. It is onebest way of doing job.

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Time Study

Used to determine standard Time forcompletion of work. It facilitates theplanning of large daily task.

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Differential Piece Rate Plan

Taylor suggested pay by piece rateson basis of standards set by motionand time studies. Under this planworkers are paid a low piece rateupto standard, a large bonus atstandard and a higher piece rate

above the standard.

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Exception Principle

It involves setting up a large dailytask by the management withrewards for achieving targets andpenalty for not meeting the targets.Taylor suggested that managershould be interested in exceptional

items that vary from standardperformance.

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Taylor also developed-

The standardization of all tools andimplements used in the trade.

The Mnemonic system for classifying

manufactured products as well asimplements used in manufacturing.

The setting up of separate planning

cell or department.

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The use of time saving implementslike slide rules

Modern cost system

Routing system

Instruction Card