Scientific CV And List of Publications of Abhas Mitra

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Scientific Resume

• Dr Abhas Kumar Mitra, b. June 03, 1955 (Official Date)• Educational MilestonesM.Sc. (Univ. Calcutta), Ist Class, 1977 (Exams Held in 1979!).BARC Training School (Equivalent to M.Phil), 1980.Ph.D. Thesis “A New Theory of Ultra High Energy Gamma Ray Production From Cygnus X-3 ” was ready for

submission to Kashmir Univ. 1990.Got Ph.D. from Mumbai Univ. in 1994!• Post. Doc. HistoryGot selected for European Commission -DST (India) Post Doc. at Cambridge with Prof.(Sir) Martin Rees. Not

Done.Got qualified and shortlisted as Senior National Research Council Research Associate at NASA Goddard Sp. Fl.

Center, High Energy Astrophysics Lab. in 2004. Not DoneShort Visiting Positions in Int. Centre for Theor. Physics, Trieste (1995); Hong Kong Univ. (2000); Visiting Prof.

in Max Planck Kern Physics, Heidelberg, 2006.• Job & ProfessionScientist in Bhabha Atomic Resaerch Centre, Nuclear Research Lab, Kashmir 1980-1990; in BARC, Mumbai since

1990.Head, Theoretical Astrophysics Section, Astrophysical Sciences Division since 2004.Adjunct Prof. in Homi Bhabha National Science Insititute since 2010.

• Awards & HonorsFirst Prize in “Young Physicist Colloquium” organized by Indian Physical Society in 1989.Life Member of Indian Physics Association, Astronomical Society of India, Indian Nuclear Society. Hon. Fellow

of “Istituto Internazionale di Fisica ed Alta Matematica, Einstein-Galilei”, Prato, Italy. Member of InternationalAstronomical Union; former Full Member of American Astronomical Society.• Professional ServicesPh.D. research guide (Physics) of Mumbai University and HBNI. Has acted as a referee for Astrophysical J.,

Astrophysical J. Letter, General Relativity & Gravitation, International J. Modern Physics (D), Pramana, CurrentScience, Foundations of Physics Letters, Gravitation & Cosmology, International J. Astronomy & Astrophysics,Ingeniera y Ciencia, Hadronic Journal, Turkish J. Physics, J. Cosmology, Int. J. Theoretical Phys.

Has reviewed several research proposals on the request of “Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, India”.One of the Former Chairmen for the Interviewing Committee for selection of Physics Trainees for BARC Training

School.

• Research InterestsHe has carried out research in a very wide area such as Classical Mechanics, Experimental Gamma Ray Astronomy,

Cosmic Ray Acceleration, High Energy Gamma Ray Production Mechanism, Evolution of X-ray Binaries and Mil-lisecond Pulsars, Radiative Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology. He initiated research in Theoretical Astrophysicsin BARC, one of the premier R&D institutes of India. In 70 year old history of BARC, he is the only RelativisticAstrophysicist & Cosmologist.

He is also associated with the R&D of TACTIC, India’s first imaging based Very High Energy Gamma Ray Telescope,and MACE, the 21m imaging based Gamma Ray Telescope being set up by BARC in collaboration with TIFR.

He has coined two basic terms in astrophysics:(i) Eternally Collapsing Object (ECO), and (ii) Einstein -Eddington Time Scale of contraction of self-gravitating

objects.The trem “ECO” has been translated in French, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, Chinese, Italin, Polish, Romanian and

many other languages.In connection with his research, he gave BBC Radio interview in 2000.Innumerable news paper and internet articles (Times of India, Indian Express, Mid-Day, Asian Age, Hindustan

Times, Rediff, and many more) highlighted his research which claimed to have shown that General RelativisticGravitational Collapse should lead to Quasi Black Holes rather than true Black Holes. In this context, he has beeninterviewed by Indian TV channels such as NDTV, Headlines Today, Aaj Tak, India TV and ETC News.

In 2006, his research paper defining Einstein-Eddington Time Scale was selected as one of the Highlight Publicationsof Max Planck Society, Germany.

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His peer reviewed resrach works have been featured as Science News in Nature India as many as 5 times, whichis rare for Indian researchers. In particluar, his reserch work on Cosmology (Nat. Scien. Rep., JCAP) showingCosmological Constant is exactly zero became Science News of Nature India in 2012 and 2013.• Science PopularizationHe has been writing several series of scientific blogs (“Eternal Blog”) on the platforms of (i) Google, (ii) Wordpress

and (iii) Science2.0 since Oct. 2011. As of Oct. 2013, his blogs have had approx. 9000 hits.

• Books or Review Papers Mentioning Research Related to A. Mitra

1. “Fundamental Questions of Practical Cosmology: Exploring the Realm of Galaxies” by Yurij Baryshev, PekkaTeerikorpi (Springer, 2011)

2. “Sacred Cows In Science: No Objectivity Allowed, (Create Space 2011, ISBN-10: 1456585169)”

3. “Astronome Indien: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Aryabhata, Thanu Padmanabhan, Varahamihira, AbhasMitra, Kamalakara” (in French) (General Books LLC, 2010, ISBN1159389861).

4. “Abhas Mitra” by Gerd Numitor (Editor) (Flu Press, 2011, ISBN : 9786138192923)

5. “Creation or Evolution? Consider the Evidence Before Deciding”, by Dr. E. Norbert Smith (Create Space,2010, ISBN-10: 1456468278)

6. “The Explorer’s Guide to the Multiverse” by Pranav Sivakumar (Create Space, 2010, ISBN-10: 1453623728)

7. “The Manual of Scientific Style: A Guide for Authors, Editors, and Researchers” By Harold Rabinowitz andSuzanne Vogel , Academic Press, 2009 (ISBN-10: 012373980)

8. “State of the Universe 2008, New Images, Discoveries, and Events” ( Popular Astronomy) by Martin Ratcliffe(Praxis Publishing, UK, 2008)

9. “DaGNEHM: The Gravity’s Near Event Horizon in the Making” (Popular Astronomy) by Lawrence Smith(Author House, 2006, ISBN-10: 142596902X)

10. “New Developments in Black Hole Research”, Editor: Paul V. Kreitler (Nova Sciences, NY, 2005, ISBN: 1-59454-641-X)

11. “Focus on Black Hole Research”, Editor: Paul V. Kreitler (Nova Sciences, NY, 2005, ISBN: 1-59454-460-3)

12. “Discovery of Cosmic Fractals” by Yurij Baryshev, Pekka Teerikorpi (World Scientific, 2002)

13. “An overview of the current understanding of Gamma-ray Bursts in the Fermi era”, P. N. Bhat& S. Guiriec,Special issue of the Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India on Transients from Radio to Gamma rays, 39,471-515 (2011)

14. “Magnetic fields in the galactic Universe, as observed in supershells, galaxies, intergalactic and cosmic realms”,J.P. Vallee, New Astronomy Reviews, 55, 91154 (2011).

15. “Astrophysics in 2006”, Space Sc. Review, Volume 132, Number 1 / September, 2007, by Virginia Trimble,Markus J. Aschwanden and Carl J. Hansen

16. “Gamma Ray Bursts”, T. Lu, Y.F. Huang, Z.G. Dai, D.M. Wei in Cosmic Gamma Ray Sources, ed. K.S. Cheng,G.E. Romero, (Kluwer Acad. Publisher, 2004)

17. “The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts”, T. Piran, Reviews of Modern Physics, 76, 1143-1210 (2004)

This review paper contain 447 references and has received almost 700 citations. And the only reference ofIndia bases authors it cites is A. Mitra, A&A Lett. 313, L9-L12 (1996).

18. Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Volume 254, Section VI, 355-368, (2001)

19. “Gamma-Ray Bursts: Afterglows and Central Engines”, K.S. Cheng & T. Lu, Chinese Journal of Astronomy &Astrophysics, Vol. 1, p. 1-20 (2001).

20. “Gamma-Ray Bursts: Challenges to Relativistic Astrophysics”, Sir Martin Rees, 18th Texas Symposium onRelativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology (1996), ed. Angela V. Olinto, Joshua A. Frieman, and David N.Schramm. River Edge, N. J. : World Scientific, (1998)

Mitra’s paper finds a place amongst the 21 references contained in this review; and the only one of Indian origin

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• More Research Highlights

1. First astrophysicist to highlight that the photomeson process could be a dominant mode of Ultra/Very HighEnergy Gamma Rays in Ultra Compact X-ray binaries (A& A Lett., 1990).

2. After Prof. R. Cowsik, he is the 2nd Indian astrophysicist to work on Cosmic Ray Acceleration mechanism suchas “Diffusive Shock Acceleration” (Astrophys. J. 1989).

3. Even when there were innumerable reports on detection Ultra High Energy γ-rays from the X-ray binary, CygnusX-3; predicted that such reports could be fictitious and this was proved to be indeed so (Astrophys. J. 1991).

4. Has worked on various aspects of the enigmatic X-ray binary Cygnus X-3. The relevant papers have been citedby more than 50 authors. His work on Cygnus X-3 got discussed/cited in Sky & Telescope Magazine and inNews & Views of Nature.

5. First India based astrophysicist to work on various aspects of modern paradigm of cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts(GRBs) like formation and propagation of fireball. Emphasized that powerful long duration GRBs must beoriginating from gravitational collapse to a level much deeper than the Neutron Star level.

6. His paper (J. Math. Phys. 2009) has shown that the integration constant appearing in the vacuumSchwarzschild/Hilbert solution is actually zero; α0 = 2M = 0. This means that exact BHs have zero grav-itational mass M0 = 0. This is in perfect accordance with the fact earlier finding by Luis Bel (J. Math Phys.1969) that the Event Horizon behaves like a point singularity. Further this result is also in agreementwith Arnowitt, Deser & Misner (Phys. Rev. Lett. 4, 375, 1960) result that the “dressed” mass of a neutralpoint particle is zero.

Since the BH paradigm is based on the assumption that α0 > 0, it is incorrect, and the BH Candidates cannotbe true BHs. This however does not prevent in having finite mass objects whose interior is not vacuum.

7. He showed that trapped surfaces do not form in spherical gravitational collapse: 2GM/Rc2 ≤ 1. This wouldmean that for continued gravitational collapse upto R→ 0, one must have M → 0 in accordance with the resultthat α0 = 0. The physics behind non-formation of trapped surfaces is resistive effects of pressure & radiation(IJMPD 2013).

His research on non-occurrence of trapped surfaces have remain unchallenged since 1998 and has been appre-ciated by India’s two seniormost and noted relativists:

1. Prof. P.C. Vaidya (Prof. Vaidya’s Letter Enclosed)

and

2. Prof. K.D. Krori (author of 120 GR papers and some books) (See: Are Singularities Integral to GeneralTheory of Relativity? by K. Krori, S. Dutta, Journal of Cosmology, 7424-7429, 2011)

8. He gave the idea that continued gravitational collapse to a point singularity will never happen, and mathe-matically, the collapse would be “eternal”; accordingly he first conceived that the final stage of sufficientlymassive collapsed objects would be an “Eternally Collapsing Object” (ECO) rather than a BH. He alongwithNorman Glendenning, Stanley Robertson and Darryl Leiter suggested that ECO is a hot ball of plasma whoseradiation pressure counterbalances the pull of gravity in a quasistatic manner. As the ECO keeps on losingmass-energy, it approaches the true BH state marked by M = 0. Thus ECO concept is in agreement withvacuum Schwarzschild/Hilbert solution because α0 = 0.

He also first suggested that stellar mass ECOs should have intrinsic magnetic field much larger than typicalneutron star values. Later Darryl Leiter, Stanley Robertson and he coined the name “Magnetospheric ECOs” orMECOs. Leiter & Robertson constructed a specific model of MECOs and showed that some BH candidates inX-ray binaries may be MECOs rather than BHs. Further, by analyzing detail microlensing data, Rudy Schild,Darryl Leiter and Stanley Robertson showed that the central engine in some quasars are likely to be MECOsrather than BHs: The pertinent press release by Harvard University may be found at:

http://www.cv.nrao.edu/tuna/past/2006/NEW QSO STRUCTURE FOUND.pdf

And this was also featured as a Breaking News article in New Scientist:

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9620-mysterious-quasar-casts-doubt-on-black-holes.html

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9. In Newtonian gravitation, one important ingredient is “virial theorem” Eg + 3∫PdV = 0. Several authors have

(unsuccesssfully) tried to find the GR version of this more than 100 yr old equation. In 2006, Mitra successfullyobtained the GR version of this theorem (Phys. Rev. D 2006).

In addition, he showed that, for a static self-gravitating sphere, the Active Gravitation Mass Density (AGMD)is ρ− 3p/c2 rather than what is usually mentioned, i.e., ρ+ 3p/c2 (Phys. Lett. B, 2010).

10. He is the first relativist to find the so-called “Tolman Mass” (Einstein Energy) of the universe in the Big-Bangmodel. And it confirms the apprehension that energy of the universe is not conserved in the Big-Bang model.And energy would be conserved only if the Active Gravitational Mass Density would be zero which in practiceis possible only for vacuum. Of course, in a static model, energy would be conserved (Gen. Rel. & Grav. 2010).

11. The paper entitled “ Possible identification of unidentified EGRET sources with Wolf-Rayet stars” by R.K. Kaul& A. Mitra, in 4th Compton symposium. AIP Conference Proc., Volume 410, pp. 1271-1274 (1997) happens tobe the only paper of Indian origin cited in the Science Brochure of GLAST/FERMI of NASA:

http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/public/resources/pubs/gsd/GSDweb.pdf

12. He has formulated the revised 1st Law of Thermodynamics by taking into account the spatial curvature(Found. Phys. 2011). For the 65 year old problem of gravitational collapse of a uniform density sphere, hehas shown that even the solutions offered by Bondi & Nariai are misleading because the problem is actuallysynonymous to Oppenheimer Snyder collapse (Grav. Cosmology 2012). Before this, by applying Birkhoff’sTheorem, he has shown that the Oppenheimer Snyder collapse with zero pressure subtly corresponds to zerodensity too so that the singularity found there has no physical reality (Astr. Sp. Sc. Lett. 2011).

13. He has shown that radial collisionless propagation of test particles in the Big Bang model implies that FRWmetric intrinsically corresponds to nil pressure and temperature. Therefore, the FRW metric cannot describean universe having pressure & radiation; and actual universe must be lumpy and different (Astrophys. Sp. Sc.2011, JMP 2011).

14. In a series of papers like, Nature Sc. Rep., JCAP, IJMPD, he & his coworkers have presented 3 independentproofs showing that Einstein’s Cosmological Constant is actually zero. This implies that the fictitious “DarkEnergy”, an idea related to Physics Nobel in 2011, is an illusion, and an artefact of other effects like deviationof the actual universe from idealized Big Bang Model.

• Alternative Ideas About “Black Holes” Following Mitra’s work in 1998

In 1998, he first tried to show that even though the idea of a BH is apriori mathematically correct, exact BHs maynot be realized. He argued that Schwarzschild BHs have a unique gravitational mass of M = 0 and the EH itself isthe central singularity Rg = 2M = 0. Much later, he proved this rigourously (J. Math. Phys. 2009). He also arguedthat during continued gravitational contraction, the collapsing body must lose mass-energy by radiation in such amanner that neither any “trapped surface” nor any “Event Horizon” would ever be formed. Following this severalauthors put forward serious proposals for“Alternative to BHs”; some authors invoked the specific idea of Mitra that“trapped surface” formation may be avoided due to loss of mass energy.

A brief list of such proposals for “Alternative to BHS” after Mitra’s work in 1998:

1. In 2002, P. Mazur & E. Mottola of Los Alamos National Lab. Claimed that BHs are actually ”Gravastars”:

http://www.lanl.gov/news/releases/archive/02-035.shtml

2. In 2003, Borkar & Karade showed that Event Horizon has the character of a physical singularity:

“On the Singularity of Spherically Symmetric Space Times”, S.M. Borkar & T.M. Karade, Ind. J. Pure &Applied Maths., 34, 1219 (2003)

3. “Black holes: a prediction of theory or fantasy?”, A.A. Logunov, M.A. Mestverishvili, V.V. Kiselev,Phys.Part.Nucl. 37 317-320 (206); arXiv:gr-qc/0412058

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4. In 2005, R. Goswami and P.S. Joshi of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research used the idea that singularitymay be avoided because of radiation:

“A resolution of spacetime singularity and black hole paradoxes through avoidance of trapped surface formationin Einstein gravity” (arXiv:gr-qc/0504019)

They collaborated with other authors to invoke similar ideas elsewhere too:

“Quantum Evaporation of a Naked Singularity”

R. Goswami, P.S. Joshi and Parampreet Singh, Physical Review Letters, vol. 96, Issue 3, 031302 (2006);(arXiv:gr-qc/0506129)

5. In 2005, Samir Mathur of Ohio State University claimed in that black hole could actually be “fuzz balls madeof elementary string:

INFORMATION PARADOX SOLVED? IF SO, BLACK HOLES ARE FUZZBALLShttp://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/fuzzball.htm

6. In 2006, George Chaplin of Lawrence Livermore National Lab (Livermore) claimed that BHs are actually “DarkStars:

http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050328/full/news050328-8.html

7. In 2007, Tanmay Vachaspati, Dejan Stojkovic and Lawrence M. Krauss of Case Western Univ. published paperin Phs.Rev. D. claiming BHS do not exist: http://blog.case.edu/case-news/2007/06/20/blackholes

8. In 2008, R. Torres and F Fayos of Department of Applied Physics, UPC, Barcelona, Spain, too considered thepossibility that singularity may be avoided due to loss of mass energy by radiation:

“ A class of interiors for Vaidya’s radiating metric: singularity-free gravitational collapse Class. Q. Grav.,Volume 25, Issue 17, pp. 175009 (2008)

9. In 2009, Carlos Barcel, Stefano Liberati, Sebastiano Sonego and Matt Visser have proposed that Black Holescould actually be something else:

Scientific American (October 2009) Black Stars, Not Black Holes

10. In 2010, Christian Corda and Herman J Mosquera Cuesta, Herman proposed that black hole singularity maybe removed by nonlinear electodynamics:

“Removing black-hole singularities with nonlinear electrodynamics”, Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 25, 2423(2010).

11. “The physical inconsistency of the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions”, V.V. Kiselev, A.A. Logunov, A. A. &M.A. Mestvirishvili, Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 164, pp.972-975 (2010)

12. “Hilbert’s causality principle and equations of general relativity exclude the possibility of black hole formation”,A.A. Logunov& M.A. Mestvirishvili, Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 170, pp.413-419 (2012)

13. “Gravitational collapse without black holes”, Trevor W. Marshall, Astrophys. Sp. Sc., 342, pp. 329332 (2012)

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• Earlier Papers Suggesting/Showing That Finite Mass Black Holes Are Unphysical

1. “Theory of the Relativistic Trajectories in a Gravitational Field of Schwarzschild”, Y. Hagihara, JapaneseJournal of Astronomy and Geophysics, Vol. 8, p.67 (1930)

2. “On a Stationary System With Spherical Symmetry Consisting of Many Gravitating Masses”, A. Einstein, Ann.Maths., 40, 922 (1939)

3. “The interpretation of the Schwarzschild metric and the release of gravitational energy”, W.H. McCrea, As-trophisica Norvegica, 9, 89 (1964)

4. “The Singularity in the Schwarzschild Spacetime”, E. Hilton, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A283, 491 (1965)

5. “Reality of the Schwarzschild Singularity”, A.I. Janis, E.T. Newman, J. Winicour, Phys. Rev. Letts, 20, 878(1968)

6. “Schwarzschild Singularity”, L. Bel, J. Math. Phys., 10, 1501 (1969)

7. “The Nature Of The Singularity In The Gravitational Field Of A Charged Particle”, T.M. Karade, Acta PhysicaAcademiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 39 (4), 227 (1975)

8. “Free fall of particles in centro-symmetric Reissner Nordstrom field”, T.M. Karade & J.R. Rao, Acta. Phys.Acad. Sci. Hung., 39, 234 (1975)

9. “Event horizons in static scalar-vacuum space-times”, J.E. Chase, Communications in Mathematical Physics,19, 276 (1970)

10. “Perspectives on the Schwarzschild singularity”, F.I. Cooperstock & G.J.G. Junevicus, Il Nuovo Cimento B, 16,pp. 387-397 (1973)

11. “Superstars and the Black Hole Myth”, D.H. Menzel, Ministere de l’Education National, Fonds National de laRecherche Scientifique, 9, 343-353 (1975); see

http : //adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975MSRSL...9..343M

12. “Black Holes and Tachyons”, V. de Sabbata, Lett. Al Nuovo Cimento 19, 441 (1977)

13. “Alternative Spacetime for the Point Mass”, L.S. Abrams, Phys. Rev. D, 20, 2474 (1979)

14. “The field of a particle in general relativity theory”, N. Rosen, Nuovo Cimento B, 72B, p. 51 - 67 (1982)

15. “Some Schwarzschild solutions and their singularities”, N. Rosen, Foundations of Physics, 15, pp.517-529 (1985)

16. “Gravitation without black holes”, A. G. Agnese and M. La Camera, Phys. Rev. D, 1280 (1985)

17. “The Schwarzschild Solution: Some Conceptual Difficulties”, J.V. Narlikar & T. Padmanabhan, Foundations ofPhysics, 18, 659 (1988)

18. “Phase volume occupied by a test particle around an incipient black hole”, T. Padmanabhan, Phys. Lett. A,136, 205 (1989)

19. “A New Type Of Solution Of The Schwarzschild Problem For A Point Source”, S. I. Chermyanin, Astrophys.Sp. Sc. 197, 233-235 ( 1992)

20. “Physical Interpretation of Vacuum Solutions of Einstein’s Equations. Part I. Time-independent Solutions”,W.B. Bonnor, Gen. Rel. Grav., 24, 551 (1992)

21. “The Total Space-Time of a Point Charge and Its Consequences for Black Holes”, L.S. Abrams, Int. J. Theor.Phys., 35, 2661 (1996)

Sir Fred Hoyle too rejected the idea of exact “Black Holes” (without due proof). Thus, Mitra’s proof that trueblack holes have M = 0, and finite mass black hole candidates are quasi-black holes seem to be thelogical culmination of the above referred research by various authors

NOTE: The research on General Relativistic RADIATIVE gravitational collapse took off following discovery of“Vaidya Metric”. Indeed Prof. P.C. Vaidya, one of the founders of “General Relativity & Gravitation”, was oneof the most noted general relativists of Indian origin. His response to my initial resarch on gravitational collapse isappended.

In 1998, I submitted two papers entitled

1. ``Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse and Likely Source of Gamma Ray Bursts’’: A. Mitra (arXiv:astro‐ph/9803014)

2. ``Towards the Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse and Likely Source of Gamma Ray

Bursts’’ A. Mitra (arXiv:astro‐ph/9803013)

To Phys. Rev. Lett. These two papers first claimed that for physical gravitational collapse, no trapped surface or black hole is formed in finite proper time. On the other hand, the collapsing object loses mass energy in such a manner that trapped surface formation is avoided and asymptotically, for continued collapse, the collapsing star would tend to be a zero mass Black Hole, the borderline between a ``Naked Singularity’’ and a ``Black Hole’’ PRL referee comments were better that what I had expected; of course they were not accepted. Then I sent them to Prof. P.C. Vaidya, who started the concept of radiative physical gravitational collapse. Later I met him in person. He found my manuscript to be alright both mathematically & physically. I am very grateful to him. Here is the text of his response sans maths.

Prof. P.C. Vaidya 34 Shardanagar

Tel No: (079) ‐6610893 Ahmedabad 380007

May 4, 1998

Dear Dr Mitra,

Your speed‐post letter reached me on May 2nd, your conclusion in the first paper that at the end of the gravitational collapse, all the matter of the contracting sphere is converted into radiation remembered me of some earlier work. The first paragraph of a note published in Current Sciences 28, 399 (1959) [a reprint of which is enclosed herewith] is reproduced below:

``Following Vaidya1, Raychaudhury2 first considered the case of a mass‐particle being completely annihilated and converted into radiation. He found that such a process could not be adequately described by the field equations of GTR (General Theory of Relativity). However Israel 3 found that the relativity equations are adequate to describe such a process of complete conversion of a mass‐particle into radiation and he has given a model for the same.’’

(Ref: Vaidya1, Raychaudhry2, and Israel3 will be found in the attached reprint)

So, one thing is clear. Mathematically you are on right lines.

I have gone through your first paper as well your reply to Referee A. As far as mathematical concepts are concerned, I am satisfied that you seem to be correct. Please look into Israel’s paper mentioned above as a check on this point.

As regards remark of Referee A in my first sentence of PARA 4, I would say that:

For radiation flowing in empty space Eij =q ki kj where ki is not only a null vector but a geodesic vector i.e.,

(Maths Omitted)

But for radiation flowing through matter, the tracks of flowing radiation are null curves all right but they are not null geodesics. Thus interaction of radiation with matter is taken care of in the geometry of GTR by postulating a non‐zero acceleration of photons (ki; kj ≠0). The coefficient in (4) will include the effect of interaction of matter with radiation flowing through it.

I may add that I have derived an exact solution of Einstein Equations of GRT describing spherical gravitational collapse in which radiation is flowing out. The paper is published in Astrophysical Journal

Vaidya, P.C. , ApJ 144, 943 (1965)

I do not have any reprints of that paper left with me now.

You will see from this letter that I am more a mathematician than an astrophysicist or an astronomer (See attached reprint entitled: ``Me, an Astronomer!’’)

And so my opinion is that your treatment of Equations of GRT, their solutions and interpretations of solutions all appear sound to me mathematically.

Wish you all the best in your endeavours

Yours sincerely

P.C. Vaidya (Signature)

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1

Research Publications of Dr Abhas Mitra in Journals

1. “ Energy of Einstein’s Static Universe And Its Implications For The ΛCDM Cosmology”

A. Mitra, Journal of Cosmology & Astroparticle Physics, Issue 03, id. 007 (2013)

2. “LCDM Cosmology Though The Lens of Einstein’s Static Universe, The Mother of Λ”

A. Mitra, S. Bhattacharyya, N. Bhatt, International Journal of Modern Physics (D), Vol. 22(3), 1350012 (2013)

3. “Friendmann Robertson Walker Metric in Curvature Coordinates And Its Applications”

A. Mitra, Gravitation & Cosmology, Vol. 19(2), 134 (2013)

4. “The Mass of the Oppenheimer-Snyder Black Hole: Only Finite Mass Quasi Black Holes”

A. Mitra & K.K. Singh, International Journal of Moden Physics (D), Vol. 22, No. 9, 1350054 (2013)

5. “Does Pressure Accentuate General Relativistic Gravitational Collapse & Formation of Trapped Surfaces?”

A. Mitra, International Journal of Modern Physics (D), Vol. 22(5), (2013) 1350021

6. “Interpretational conflicts between the static and non-static forms of the de-Sitter metric”

A. Mitra, Nature Scientific Reports, 2, 923 (2012)

7. “Deriving Friedmann Robertson Walker metric and Hubble’s law from gravitational collapse formalism”

A. Mitra, Results in Physics, 2, 45-49 (2012)

8. “Kruskal Dynamics for Radial Geodesics”

A. Mitra, Int. J. Astron. & Astrophys, vol. 2, 174-178 (2012)

9. “Kruskal Coordinates and Mass of the Schwarzschild Black Hole: No Finite Mass Black Holes At All”

A. Mitra, Int. J. Astron. & Astrophys. Vol. 2, 236-248 (2012)

10. “Revisiting the Old Problem of General Relativistic Collapse of a Uniform Density Self-gravitating Sphere”

A. Mitra, Gravitation & Cosmology, 18, 17-21 (2012)

11. “Low-frequency radio spectrum of LS 5039 during periastron and apastron passages”

S. Bhattacharyya, S. Godambe, N. Bhatt, A. Mitra, M. Choudhury, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. Letts., 421,

L1-L5 (2012)

12. “TeV gamma-ray observations of Markarian 421 using TACTIC during 2009-10”

P. Chandra et a., Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 39, 045201 (2012)

13. “An Astrophysical Peek into Einsteins Static Universe: No Dark Energy”

A. Mitra, International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1(4), 183-199 (2011)

14. “Why the Big Bang Model Cannot Describe the Observed Universe Having Pressure and Radiation”

A. Mitra, Journal of Modern Physics, 2(12), 1436-1442 (2011)

2

15. “General Relativistic Radiation Pressure Supported Stars as Quasar Central Engines in an Universe Which is

Recycling Matter”

A. Mitra, Journal of Cosmology, 17, 7376-7382 (2011)

16. “Why No Energy Can Be Extracted From Rotating Kerr Black Holes”,

A. Mitra & K.D. Krori, Journal of Cosmology, 17, 7064-7070 (2011)

17. “Macroscopic Form of the First Law of Thermodynamics for an Adiabatically Evolving Non-singular Self-

gravitating Fluid”

A. Mitra, Foundations of Physics, 41, 1454-1461 (2011)

18. “The fallacy of Oppenheimer Snyder collapse: no general relativistic collapse at all, no black hole, no physical

singularity”

A. Mitra, Astrophysics Sp. Sc. (Letter), 332, 43-48 (2011)

19. “The matter in the Big-Bang model is dust and not any arbitrary perfect fluid!”

A. Mitra, Astrophys & Sp. Sc. 333, 169-174 (2011)

20. “No Uniform Density Star in General Relativity”

A. Mitra, Astrophysics & Sp.Sc. 333, 351-356 (2011)

21. “Observations with the High Altitude GAmma-Ray (HAGAR) telescope array in the Indian Himalayas”

R.J. Britto et al. Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions, 7, 501-505 (2011)

22. “Likely formation of general relativistic radiation pressure supported stars or eternally collapsing objects”’

A. Mitra and N.K. Glendenning, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. Lett., 404, L50-L54 (2010); (arXiv:1003.3518);

Science News in Nature India in 2010.

23. “Does Pressure Increase or Decrease Active Gravitational Mass?”

A. Mitra, Phys. Lett. B., 685(1), 8-11 (2010)

24. “Einstein energy associated with the Friedmann -Robertson -Walker metric”

A. Mitra, Gen. Rel. Gravitation, 42(3), 443-469 (2010); arXiv:0911.2340

25. Comments on “The Euclidean gravitational action as black hole entropy, singularities, and space-time voids [J.

Math. Phys. 49, 042501 (2008)”

A. Mitra, J. Math. Phys., 50(4) 042502 (2009); arXiv:0904.4754; Science News in Nature India in 2009.

26. “Quantum Information Paradox: Real or Fictitious?”

A. Mitra, Pramana, 73(3), 615 (2009); arXiv:0911.3584

3

27. “Sources of Stellar Energy, Einstein -Eddington Timescale of Gravitational Contraction and Eternally Collapsing

Objects”

A. Mitra, New Astronomy, 12(2), 146 (2006); astro-ph/0608178 (Highlight Publication of Max Planck Soc.

Germany, 2006)

28. “A Generic Relationship Between Baryonic and Radiative Energy Densities of Stars

A. Mitra, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. (Lett.), 367, L66 (2006); arXiv:gr-qc/0601025

29. “Radiation Pressure Supported Stars in Einstein Gravity : Eternally Collapsing Objects

A. Mitra, Mon Not. Roy. Asrt. Soc., 369, 492, (2006); arXiv:gr-qc/0603055

30. “Why Gravitational Collapse Must be Accompanied by Emission of Radiation Both in Newtonian and Einstein

Gravity?

A. Mitra, Physical Review D. 74(2), 024010 (2006); (arXiv:gr-qc/0605066)

31. “Non- occurrence of Type I X-Ray Bursts From Black Hole Candidates

A.Mitra, Advance. Sp. Sc., 38, 2971 (2006); (arXiv:astro-ph/0510162)

32. “Quantum limit on computational time and speed”

A.K. Pati, S.R. Jain, A. Mitra, & R. Ramanna, Physics Letters A, 301, 125-129 (2002)

33. “On the nature of the compact condensations at the centre of galaxies

A. Mitra, Bull. Astron. Soc. India, Vol.30, p. 173-182 (2002); (arXiv:astro-ph/0205261)

34. “On the Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse

A. Mitra, Found. Phys. Lett., 15(5), 439 (2002); (arXiv:astro-ph/0207056)

35. “The ultra nova model of cosmic gamma ray bursts

A. Mitra, Indian J. Phys. (Rapid Comm.), 74B(3), 175 (2000)

36. “Comments on “Polarimetric constraints on the optical afterglow emission from GRB 990123” by Hjorth et al.

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 359, 413 (2000); (arXiv:astro-ph/0003399)

37. “Non-occurrence of trapped surfaces and Black Holes in spherical gravitational collapse: An abridged version

A. Mitra, Found. Phys. Lett., 13(6), 543 (2000); (arXiv:astro-ph/9910408)

38. “On the true energy budget of GRB970508 and GRB971214

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 340, 447 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9807197)

39. Comment on “Bare Quark Matter Surfaces of Strange Stars and e+e- Emission”

A. Mitra, Physical Review Letters, 81 (21), 4774 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9802331)

40. “No Massive Black Hole in Cygnus X-3

A. Mitra, Astrophysical Journal, 499, 385 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9802124)

4

41. “ The Expected Duration of Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Impulsive Hydrodynamic Models

A. Mitra, Astrophysical Journal, 492, 677 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9710063)

42. “Do fireballs in the interstellar medium necessarily imply blast wave propagation?

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics Lett. .313, L9-L12 (1996)

43. “The probable mass of the companion in Cygnus X-3

A. Mitra, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc., 280(3), 953 (1996)

44. “Probable spectral steepening of UHE gamma-rays of nuclear origin and its consequences”

A. Mitra, Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, 15(2), 179 (1994)

45. “On the new theory of ultra-high-energy gamma-ray production in Cygnus X-3

A. Mitra, Astrophysical Journal, 425(2), 782 (1994)

46. “What drives the mass transfer in Cygnus X-3?”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J., 390, 645 (1992)

47. “Is there a recycled old pulsar in Cygnus X-3?”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J. 384, 255 (1992)

48. “Near-critical spherical accretion onto magnetized neutron stars - Modified magnetospheric radius”

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 257(2), 807, (1992)

49. “Problems of ultra-high-energy particle acceleration in Cygnus X-3 - A critical reappraisal”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J., 370, 345-364 (1991)

50. “Diffusive shock acceleration in the presence of a strong ambient magnetic field”


51. “The evolutionary history of PSR 0655 + 64 and PSR 1913 + 16”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. Sp. Sc., 174(1), 135, (1990)

52. “Towards a proper ultra-high-energy gamma-ray production mechanism in Cygnus X-3”

A. Mitra, Astron. & Astrophys. (Lett.), 234, L5 (1990)

53. “Implications for the detection of ultra-high-energy gamma rays from SCO X-1”

A. Mitra, Astron. & Astrophys. (Lett.), 219, L1 (1989)

54. “A reevaluation of self-absorption of TeV photon flux from Cygnus X-3”


5

55. “A New Theory of Ultra High Energy Gamma Ray Production in Cygnus X-3”

A. Mitra, Physics Teachers, Oct-Dec., p.142-145 (1989), (Based on Presentation Made in Young Physicist

Colloquium; “Physics Teacher” is a Magazine and not a Journal)

56. “A novel method of solving for the orbit of a classical isotropic oscillator”

A. Mitra, Europ. J. Phys., 7(4), 229 (1986)

57. “Spectral differentiation of atmospheric fluorescent events from background Cerenkov emissions”

C.L. Bhat, V.K. Sanecha, A.K. Mitra, M.L. Sapru, and H. Razdan, J. Phys.(G), 11(12), 1355 (1985)

58. “Role of integrals of motion in closing an orbit”

A. Mitra, Am. J. Phys., 53(12), 1175 (1985)

59. “On the possible equation of state of a giant molecular cloud”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. Sp. Sc., 107, 135 (1984)

Research Publications Being Processed In Journals

1. “Gamma/hadron segregation for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope using the machine learning methods:

Random Forest leads”

Mradul Sharma; J. Nayak; M. K. Koul; S. Bose; N. G. Bhatt; A. K. Mitra, Astroparticle Physics (Submitted

2013); Preprint Enclosed

2. Testing Rh = ct Cosmology From Fundamental Considerations: Is Friedman Universe Intrinsically Flat

A. Mitra, Classical & Quantum Gravity (Submitted 2013); Preprint Enclosed

6

Recent Invited Articles (Talks/Books)

1. “Einsteinian Revolution’s Misinterpretation: No True Black Holes, No Information Paradox: Just Quasi-static

Balls of Quark Gluon Plasma”

A. Mitra, Plenary Talk: XXIX-th International Workshop on High Energy Physics: New Results and Actual

Problems in Particle & Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology, Protvino, Russia, 2013 (World Scientific, In Press)

2. “Einsteinian Revolution’s Wrong Turn: Lumpy Interacting Cosmos Assumed As Smooth Perfect Fluid, No Dark

Energy, Eternal Universe?”

A. Mitra, Plenary Talk: XXIX-th International Workshop on High Energy Physics: New Results and Actual

Problems in Particle & Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology, Protvino, Russia, 2013

3. “Exploring the Origin of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays”

A. Mitra, Invited Talk, Theme Meeting of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy, Mt. Abu., India (2011)

4. “Eternally Collapsing Objects”; http : //www.scitopics.com/EternallyCollapsingObject.html

A. Mitra, Prepared at the Invitation by Elsevier for its electronic portal “Science Topics” (2010)

5. “Dark Energy?”

A. Mitra, Invited Talk in International Symposium on Experimental Gravitation January 5th -

9th 2009, Kochi , Organized by Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India, see

http://www.tifr.res.in/ iseg/proceedings.html

6. “A New Case for an Eternally Old Infinite Universe”

A. Mitra, Invited Talk in, Proc. International Conference ”Problems of Practical Cosmology”, held at Russian

Geographical Society, 23-27 June, 2008, in St. Petersburg, Ed. Yurij V. Baryshev, Igor N. Taganov, Pekka

Teerikorpi, Volume 1. TIN, St.-Petersburg, 2008, Vol.1, ISBN 978-5-902632, p.42-51

7. “Cosmological properties of eternally collapsing objects (ECOs)”

A,. Mitra, Invited Talk in Proceedings of the International Conference held at Russian Geographical Society,

23-27 June, 2008 in St. Petersburg, Ed. Yurij V. Baryshev, Igor N. Taganov, Pekka Teerikorpi, Volume 1. TIN,

St.-Petersburg, 2008, Vol.2, ISBN 978-5-902632, p.304-313

8. “Black Holes or Eternally Collapsing Objects: A Review of 90 Years of Misconceptions” A. Mitra, in Focus on

Black Hole Research , (Nova Science, New York, 2006); Invited Book Chapter of 94 pages

7

Papers Published in Cornell Univ. Preprint Arxiv & International Conf. Proceed-ings

1. “Gamma Hadron Segregation in Ground Based Gamma Ray Astronomy Using Machine Learning Tools: Random

Forest Leads”

M. Sharma et al., Proc. 30th Meeting Astronomical Soc. India, Trivandrum (2013)

2. “Performance evaluation of trigger algorithm for the MACE telescope”

K. Yadav et al., Proc. 30th Meeting Astronomical Soc. India, Trivandrum (2013)

3. “VHE gamma-ray astronomy in India: Status of HIGRO and participation in CTA”

R.J. Britto et al., SF2A-2012: Proceedings of the Annual meeting of the French Society of Astronomy and

Astrophysics. Eds.: S. Boissier, P. de Laverny, N. Nardetto, R. Samadi, D. Valls-Gabaud and H. Wozniak,

pp.571-577 (2012)

4. “An update on the design and implementation of the MACE gamma-ray telescope”

R. Koul, R.C. Rannot, A. Mitra & 5 more authors, Proc. 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing,

August, OG Session, (2011)

5. “Status of HAGAR Telescope Array in Himalayas”

V. Chitnis et al., Proc. 32nd Int. Cos. Ray Conf. (Beijing, 2011)

6. ‘Status of the Himalayan Gamma-Ray Observatory (HIGRO) and observaton with HAGAR at very high ener-

gies”


Astrophysics Eds.: G. Alecian, K. Belkacem, R. Samadi and D. Valls-Gabaud, pp.539-543 (2011)

7. “Why No Dark Energy, No Big Bang, But a Likely Fractal Universe”

A. Mitra, Proc. 32nd International Cosmic Ray Session, Beijing, HE Session, August (2011)

8. “Status of the Himalayan Gamma-Ray Observatory (HIGRO) and observaton with HAGAR at very high ener-

gies”


Astrophysics Eds.: G. Alecian, K. Belkacem, R. Samadi and D. Valls-Gabaud, pp.539-543 (2011)

9. “VHE gamma-ray observations of Mrk 501 and 1ES2344+514 with TACTIC during 2009-10”

M.Kothari, et al. presented in “Meeting of Astronomical Society of India”, Raipur, Feb 2011

10. “Mrk 421 in a high TeV emission state during 2010: TACTIC observations”

P. Chandra et al. presented at “Meeting of Astronomical Society of India”, Raipur, Feb 2011

8

11. “Towards new analysis of Gamma-Ray sources at HImalayan Gamma-Ray Observatory (HIGRO) in northern

India”


Astrophysics. Eds.: S. Boissier, M. Heydari-Malayeri, R. Samadi and D. Valls-Gabaud, p.137 (2010)

12. “Observations with the High Altitude GAmma Ray (HAGAR) telescope array in the Indian Himalayas”


Astrophysics. Eds.: S. Boissier, M. Heydari-Malayeri, R. Samadi and D. Valls-Gabaud, p.133 (2010)

13. “An astrophysical peek into Einstein’s static universe”

A. Mitra, Cornell Univ. Preprint Arxiv:0806.0706 (2008)

14. “Implications of the vanishing of the integration constant in vacuum Schwarzschild solution

A. Mitra, Proc. 11th Marcel Grossmann Conf. on General Relativity, pp. 2276 (World Sc. 2008)

15. “Black Holes or Eternally Collapsing Objects”

A. Mitra and N.K. Glendenning, Proc. 11th Marcel Grossmann Conf. on General Relativity, pp. 1523 (World

Sc. 2008)

16. “Masses of radiation pressure supported stars in extreme relativistic realm”

A. Mitra, Black Holes from Stars to Galaxies – Across the Range of Masses. Ed. by V. Karas and G. Matt.

Proc. IAU Symposium 238, Cambridge University Press, pp.409 (2007)

17. “The status of high-altitude Himalayan Gamma Ray Observatory at Hanle”

B.S. Acharya, V.R. Chitnis, R. Cowsik, R. Koul, R.K. Kaul, A.K. Mitra, T.P. Prabhu, R.C. Rannot, R.

Srinivasan and P.R. Vishwanath, Proc. 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Vol. 3(OG part 2), 1361 (2007)

18. “A Secular Quark Gluon Plasma Phase Preceding Black Hole Formation

A. Mitra and Normann K Glendenning, Lawrence Berkeley Lab Scholarly Depository Publication No.5620 (2006)

19. “Contribution of black hole x-ray binaries in galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission at energies above 1 MeV”

N. Bhatt., S. Bhattacharya and A. Mitra, Proc. 29th ICRC, OG 4, 31 (2005)

20. “The Himalayan Gamma Ray Observatory at Hanle”

R. Koul, R.K. Koul, A.K. Mitra & 8 more authors, Proc. 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference., Vol. 5,

p.243 (2005)

21. “On the Probable Nature of the “Dark Particle Accelerators” Discovered by HESS”

A. Mitra, Proc. 29th Int. Cos. Ray Conf. Vol. OG 4, 187 (2005)

22. “Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects: Likely New Class of Source of Cosmic Particle Acceleration”

A. Mitra, Proc. 29th Int. Cos. Ray Conf. OG. Vol 3, 125 (2005)

9

23. “Why the observed black hole candidates do not show spin pulsations”

A. Mitra, Poster Presented in COSPAR Colloq. on Spectra & Timing of Compact X-ray Binaries (TIFR) (2005)

24. “The day of reckoning: The value of the integration constant in the vacuum Schwarzschild solution”

A. Mitra, Cornell Univ. Preprint Arxiv (2005) (physics/0504076)

25. “Comments on the proposal of Dark Energy Stars by Chapline”

A. Mitra, Cornell Univ. Electronic Preprint Arxiv (2005) (astro-ph/0504384)

26. “Why the astrophysical Black Hole Candidates are not rotating black holes”

A. Mitra Cornell Univ. Electronic Preprint Arxiv (2004) (astro-ph/0407501)

27. “Why the astrophysical Black Hole Candidates may not be black holes at all”


28. “A new proof for non-occurrence of trapped surfaces and information paradox”


29. “General Relativistic Collapse of Neutron Stars to Strange Stars: A Mechanism for Gamma Ray Bursts”

**A. Mitra, (MNRAS suggested revision, but not followed up; arXiv:astro-ph/0010311) But cited by F. Halzen

& D. Hooper in Reports on Progress in Physics, Volume 65(7), 1025-1078 (2002) and also by Janka,H.-Th.;

Ruffert,M.

30. “Cosmic Acceleration: A Natural Remedy For Horizon and Flatness Problems”

A. Mitra, Proc. IAU Symp. No. 201 (Manchester, 2000); eprint arXiv:physics/0007066

31. “Why General Theory of Relativity Allows the Existence of Only Extremal Black Holes”

A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:hep-th/9905182

32. “Final Comments on “Another view on the velocity at the Schwarzschild horizon” by Tereno”

A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9905329

33. Comment on “Velocity at the Schwarzschild Horizon Revisited” by I. Tereno


34. “On the Nature of the Compact Objects in the Core of Galaxies and AGNs”

A. Mitra, 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, held in Paris, France, Dec. 14-18,

1998. Eds.: J. Paul, T. Montmerle, and E. Aubourg (CEA Saclay), meeting abstract

35. “Is General Theory of Relativity Actually Free of Singularities”

A. Mitra, Abstracts of the 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, held in Paris,

France, Dec. 14-18, 1998. Eds.: J. Paul, T. Montmerle, and E. Aubourg (CEA Saclay)

10

36. “A Model for Most Luminous and Long Duration Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts”


37. “Maximum Accretion Efficiency in General Theory of Relativity”

* A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9811402 4 Citations *

38. “Non-occurrence of Trapped Surfaces and Black Holes in Spherical Gravitational Collapse”

A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:gr-qc/9810038,

39. “ Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse and Likely Source of Gamma Ray Bursts”

A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9803014; cited by F. Halzen & D. Hooper in Reports on Progress in Physics,

Volume 65(7), 1025-1078 (2002)

40. “Towards the Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse and Likely Source of Gamma Ray Bursts”

A. Mitra; eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9803013; cited by Pen,Ue-Li; Loeb,Abraham; *Turok,Neil in Astrophysical

Journal, 509(2),. 537 (1998)*

41. “Constraining the Magnetic Field in Gamma Ray Burst Blast Waves”

A. Mitra; eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9802125 (1998)

42. “On the Nature of the Compact Objects in the Core of Galaxies and AGNs”

A. Mitra, 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, held in Paris, France, Dec. 14-18,

(1998) Eds.: J. Paul, T. Montmerle, and E. Aubourg (CEA Saclay)

43. “Is General Theory of Relativity Actually Free of Singularities”



44. “Likely Physical Mechanism Behind Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts”



45. “Is there any evidence for a massive black hole in Cygnus X-3”

A. Mitra; The fourth Compton symposium. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 410, pp. 818-821 (1997).

46. “Possible identification of unidentified EGRET sources with Wolf-Rayet stars”

R.K. Koul & A. Mitra, The fourth Compton symposium. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 410, pp. 1271-

1274 (1997).

Cited by Romero,G.E.; Benaglia,P.; Torres,D.F., Combi,J.A.; Mukherjee,R.; Gotthelf,E.V.; Halpern,J.; Ta-

vani,M., P.; Eracleous,M.; Bhattacharya,D.; Akyz,A.; Miyagi,T.; Samimi,J.; Zych,A. Gotthelf,E.V., Reimer,A.;

Pohl, and M.; Reimer,O.

11

Also this is the only paper written on Indian soil cited by space borne NASA Gamma Telescope, GLAST

(FERMI) Brochure,

http : //fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/public/resources/pubs/gsd/GSDweb.pdf

47. “Cosmological Limits on the Detection Range of the Tev Gamma-Ray Telescope TACTIC”

A.Mitra & C.L. Bhat, JRNL. ASTROPHYSICS & ASTRON. V. 16, NO. SUPPL, P. 148, 1995

48. “Capture of Galactic Cold Dark Matter by the Sun”

A. Mitra, Proc. 29th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Roma), 1, 870 (1995)

49. “Need for examining spectral sensitivity of Cherenkov image parameters”

C.L. Bhat, A.K. Tickoo, A.K. Mitra & V.K. Gandhi, in Towards a Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Detector, III,

ed. Ti Kifune, pp. 207 (Academic Press, Tokyo, 1994)

50. “Radio Halos around X-Ray Binaries?”

A. Mitra, Proc. 23rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol. 2, held 19-30 July, 1993 at University of

Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Edited by D.A. Leahy, R.B. Hickws, and D. Venkatesan. Invited, Rapporteur, and

Highlight Papers. Singapore: World Scientific, 1993., p.370

51. “Probable Spectral Steepening of UHE Nuclear Gamma-Rays”

A. Mitra, 23rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol. 4, held 19-30 July, 1993 at University of Calgary,

Alberta, Canada. Edited by D.A. Leahy, R.B. Hickws, and D. Venkatesan. Invited, Rapporteur, and Highlight

Papers. Singapore: World Scientific, 1993., p.187

52. “Self-absorption of very high energy photons from Cygnus X-3”

A. Mitra, Bull. Astron. Soc. India, Vol. 19, Nos. 1 - 2, p. 87 (1991)

53. “Cygnus X-3: the need for a new classification scheme for X-ray binaries”


54. “An attempt to resolve the anomalous magnetic field of PSR 0655+64”


55. “Cygnus X-3: a possible evolutionary scenario”


56. “Can Inverse Compton Process Generate the PeV Gamma Rays in Cygnus X-3?”, A. Mitra, Proceedings of the

21st International Cosmic Ray Conference. Volume 2 (OG Sessions), p.412 (1990)

57. “Diffusive Shock Acceleration”

A. Mitra, Invited Talk, Annual Meeting of Astronomical Soc of India, Srinagar, 1989

12

58. “A model for possible long-term variation in Cygnus X-3 PeV source”

A. Mitra, C.L. Bhat & H.S. Rawat, Proc. 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol. 9, p. 133 - 136

(1988)

59. “An equation of state of a Giant Molecular Cloud”

A. Mitra & C.L. Kaul, Bull. Astr. Soc. India, 13(1), p. 91 (1985)

60. “Fluorescent Light from Cosmic Ray Air Showers”

C.L. Bhat, V.K. Sanecha, A.K. Mitra, M.L. Sapru, & H. Razdan, Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Con-

ference, held in Bangalore, India, 22 August - 3 September, 1983. Volume 11, p.416

61. “Fluorescent Light Pulses from Cosmic-Ray Air Showers”

C.L. Bhat, V.K. Sanecha, A.K. Mitra, M.L. Sapru, & H. Razdan, Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Con-

ference, held in Bangalore, India, 22 August - 3 September, 1983. Volume 6 (EA Sessions), p.244A

Scientific CV And List of Publications of Abhas Mitra

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