Scientific Basis for NuclearWaste Management XXXI

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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYSYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 1107

Scientific Basis for NuclearWaste Management XXXI

Symposium held September 16-21, 2007, Sheffield, United Kingdom

EDITORS:

William E. LeeImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom

John W. RobertsUniversity of Sheffield

Sheffield, United Kingdom

Neil C.HyattUniversity of Sheffield

Sheffield, United Kingdom

Robin W. GrimesImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom

IMIR1S1Materials Research Society

Warrendale, Pennsylvania

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CONTENTS

Preface xvii

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings xviii

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS

The UK National Nuclear Laboratory and WasteManagement R&D 3

Graham A. Fairhall

Opportunities for Research in the UK forDecommissioning and Disposal 15

Neil Smart

Overview of the CEA French Research Programon Nuclear Waste 21

Etienne Y. Vernaz and Christophe Poinssot

DISPOSAL CONCEPTS

Disposability of the UK's Intermediate Level Wastes 35Paul K. Abraitis and Glyn Davies

Experience in Progressing the Planning Applicationfor New LLW Disposal Facilities for Dounreay 43

David Broughton and Michael S. Tait

Deep Borehole Disposal of Plutonium 51Fergus G.F. Gibb, Kathleen J. Taylor, andBoris E. Burakov

Stability of Cubic Zirconia in a Granitic SystemUnder High Pressure and Temperature 59

Fergus G.F. Gibb, Boris E. Burakov,Kathleen J. Taylor, and Yana Domracheva

Inner Material Requirements and CandidatesScreening for Spent Fuel Disposal Canister 67

Francesc Puig, Javier Dies, Manuel Sevilla,Joan de Pablo, Juan Jose Pueyo, Lourdes Miralles,and Aurora Martinez-Esparza

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Characterization of Partial Melting and Solidificationof Granite E93/7 by the Acoustic Emission Technique 75

Lyubka M. Spasova, Fergus G.F. Gibb, andMichael I. Ojovan

A Model for Predicting the Temperature DistributionAround Radioactive Waste Containers in Very DeepGeological Boreholes 83

Karl P. Travis, Neil A. McTaggart, Fergus G.F. Gibb,and David Burley

ILW WASTE FORMS

The Use of Activated Slags as Immobilization Matricesfor ILW 93

N.B. Milestone, Y. Bai, C.H. Yang, Y.J. Shi, andX.C. Li

Durability of a Cementitious Wasteform for IntermediateLevel Waste 101

Peter J. McGlinn, Daniel R.M. Brew, Laurence P. Aldridge,Timothy E. Payne, Kylie P. Olufson, Kathryn E. Prince,and Ian J. Kelly

Thermodynamic Simulation and Experimental Study ofIrradiated Reactor Graphite Waste Processing with REEOxides 109

Olga K. Karlina, Vsevolod L. Klimov, Galina Yu. Pavlova,and Michael I. Ojovan

The Role and Management of Free Water in the Productionof Durable Radioactive Waste Products Using HydraulicCements 117

Michael J. Angus, Ed Butcher, Ian H. Godfrey, andNeil B. Milestone

Evaluation of Durability of Mortars and Concretes Usedin Ancient Structures 127

A.S. Aloy, J.R. Harbour, E.W. Holtzscheiter, andC.A. Langton

The Immobilization of Clinoptilolite within CementitiousSystems 135

L.E. Gordon, N.B. Milestone, and M.J. Angus

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Investigation on the Immobilization of Carbon in OPC-BFSand OPC-PFA Systems 143

Hajime Kinoshita, Paulo H.R. Borges, Claire A. Utton,Neil B. Milestone, and Cyril Lynsdale

Processes Related to the Water Uptake by EUROBITUMBituminized Radioactive Waste: Theoretical Considerationsand First Experimental Results 151

An Marien, Steven Smets, Xiangling Li, and Elie Valcke

What Will We Do with the Low Level Waste From ReactorDecommissioning? 161

Adam R. Meehan, Stephen Wilmott, Glenda Crockett,and Nick R. Watt

Cement Based Encapsulation Trials for Low-LevelRadioactive Effluent Containing Nitrate Salts 173

Atsushi Sugaya, Kenichi Horiguchi, Kenji Tanaka,and Kentaro Kobayashi

GLASSES AND GLASS COMPOSITE MATERIALS

High Level Waste (HLW) Vitrification Experience inthe U.S.A.: Application of Glass Product/Process Controlto Other HLW and Hazardous Wastes 183

Carol M. Jantzen and James C. Marra

Nuclear Waste Immobilization by Vitrification in aCold Crucible Melter: 3D Magnetic Model of a Melter 191

A. Bonnetier

NMR Investigation of Cation Distribution in HLWWasteform Glass 199

Diane Holland, Ben G. Parkinson, Moinul M. Islam,Adam Duddridge, Jonathan M. Roderick, Andy P. Howes,and Charlie R. Scales

Changes to Alkali Ion Content Adjacent to Crystal-Glass Interfaces 207

Michael J.D. Rushton, Robin W. Grimes, andScott L. Owens

A Mossbauer Study of Iron in Vitrified Wastes 215Olivers M. Hannant, Paul A. Bingham,Russell J. Hand, and Sue D. Forder

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In Situ Characterization of Model UK Nuclear WasteGlasses by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Under ProcessConditions 223

Neil C. Hyatt, Andrew J. Connelly, Martin C. Stennett,Francis R. Livens, and Robert L. Bilsborrow

Glass Formulation Development in Support of MelterTesting to Demonstrate Enhanced High Level WasteThroughput 231

James C. Marra, Kevin M. Fox, David K. Peeler,Thomas B. Edwards, Amanda L. Youchak,James H. Gillam Jr., John D. Vienna,Sergey V. Stefanovsky, and Albert S. Aloy

Electron Irradiation and Electron Tomography Studiesof Glasses and Glass Nanocomposites 239

G. Mobus, G. Yang, Z. Saghi, X. Xu, RJ. Hand,A. Pankov, and M.I. Ojovan

Glass Composite Materials for Nuclear and HazardousWaste Immobilization 245

Michael I. Ojovan, Jariah M. Juoi, Aldo R. Boccaccini,and William E. Lee

Waste Loading of Actinide Chloride Surrogates in anIron Phosphate Glass 253

James M. Schofield, Paul A. Bingham, andRussell J. Hand

Devitrified and Phase Separated Material Found inSimulated High Level Nuclear Waste GlassesContaining Ca and Zn Additions 261

R. Short, E. Turner, B. Dunnett, and A. Riley

Cold Crucible Vitrification of Uranium-Bearing HighLevel Waste Surrogate 269

S.V. Stefanovsky, A.G. Ptashkin, O.A. Knyazev,M.A. Zen'kovskaya, and J.C. Marra

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LEACHING

Immobilization of Radioactive Iodine Using AglVitrification Technique for the TRU Wastes Disposal:Evaluation of Leaching and Surface Properties 279

Tomofumi Sakuragi, Tsutomu Nishimura,Yuji Nasu, Hidekazu Asano, Kuniyoshi Hoshino,and Kenji lino

Determination of the Forward Rate of Dissolution forSON68 and PAMELA Glasses in Contact with AlkalineSolutions 287

K. Ferrand and K. Lemmens

Single Idealized Cracks: A Tool for UnderstandingFractured Glass Block Leaching 295

Laure Chomat, Frederic Bouyer, Stephane Gin,and Stephane Roux

Accelerated Weathering of Composite Cements Usedfor Immobilization 305

Paulo H.R. Borges, Neil B. Milestone, andRoger E. Streatfield

Mechanistic Investigation of Internal Corrosion inNuclear Waste Containers Over Extended TimePeriods 313

Elsie Onumonu and Nicholas P.C. Stevens

CERAMIC WASTEFORMS

HIPed Tailored Ceramic Waste Forms for theImmobilization of Cs and Sr 323

Melody L. Carter and E.R. Vance

Neutron and Resonant X-ray Diffraction Studies ofZirconolite-2M 331

Karl R. Whittle, Katherine L. Smith, Neil C. Hyatt,and Gregory R. Lumpkin

Effect of Gallium Oxide on Phase Assemblage in Apatiteand Whitlockite Hosts for Waste Immobilization 339

Lee A. Gerrard, Shirley K. Fong, Brian L. Metcalfe,and Ian W. Donald

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High Temperature Behavior of PolyoxometalatesContaining Lanthanides 347

Hajime Kinoshita, Marcus Brewer,Caytie E. Talbot-Eeckelaers, Nik Reeves,Roy Copping, Clint A. Sharrad, and Iain May

Immobilization of Liquid Radioactive Waste inMineral-Like Matrices Derived From InorganicCenosphere-Based Sorbents as Precursors 355

Tatiana A. Vereshchagina, Nataly N. Anshits,Elena V. Fomenko, Sergei N. Vereshchagin,and Alexander G. Anshits

Synthesis and Characterization of Ln2TiO5 Compounds.. 365Robert D. Aughterson, Gregory R. Lumpkin,Katherine L. Smith, Gordon J. Thorogood,and Karl R. Whittle

RADIATION EFFECTS IN CERAMICS

Characterization of 20 Year Old Pu238-Doped Synroc C 373MJ. Hambley, S. Dumbill, E.R. Maddrell, andC.R. Scales

Self-Irradiation of Ceramics and Single Crystals Dopedwith Pu-238: Summary of 5 Years of Research of theV.G. Khlopin Radium institute 381

Boris E. Burakov, Maria A. Yagovkina,Maria V. Zamoryanskaya, Vladimir M. Garbuzov,Vladimir A. Zirlin, and Alexander A. Kitsay

Alpha-Decay Damage in Murataite-Based Ceramics 389S.V. Stefanovsky, A.N. Lukinykh, S.V. Tomilin,A.A. Lizin, and S.V. Yudintsev

PLUTONIUM WASTEFORMS

Plutonium Feed Impurity Testing in LanthanideBorosilicate (LaBS) Glass 397

Kevin M. Fox, James C. Marra, Thomas B. Edwards,Elizabeth N. Hoffman, and Charles L. Crawford

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Development of Borosilicate Glass Compositions for theImmobilization of the UK's Separated Plutonium Stocks 405

Mike T. Harrison and Charlie R. Scales

Towards a Single Host Phase Ceramic Formulation forUK Plutonium Disposition 413

Martin C. Stennett, Neil C. Hyatt, Matthew Gilbert,Francis R. Livens, and Ewan R. Maddrell

The Use of Surrogates in Waste Immobilization Studies:A Case Study of Plutonium 421

Paul A. Bingham, Russell J. Hand, Martin C. Stennett,Neil C. Hyatt, and Mike T. Harrison

Durability of Borosilicate Glass Compositions for theImmobilization of the UK's Separated Plutonium Stocks 429

Mike T. Harrison and Charlie R. Scales

SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL

RN Fractional Release of High Burn-Up Fuel: Effect ofHBS and Estimation of Accessible Grain Boundary 439

F. Clarens, D. Serrano-Purroy, A. Martinez-Esparza,D. Wegan, E. Gonzalez-Robles, J. de Pablo, I. Casas,J. Gimenez, B. Christiansen, and J.P. Glatz

Radionuclides Release From the Spent Fuel UnderDisposal Conditions: Re-Evaluation of the InstantRelease Fraction 447

Cecile Ferry, Jean-Paul Piron, Arnaud Poutesquen,and Christophe Poinssot

Np-Incorporation Into K-Boltwoodite 455Lindsay C. Shuller, Rodney C. Ewing, andUdo Becker

ENGINEERED BARRIER SYSTEMS I:BACKFILL AND BUFFER

Uranium(VI) Uptake by Synthetic Calcium SilicateHydrates 467

J. Tits, T. Fujita, M. Tsukamoto, and E. Wieland

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PHREEQC Modeling of Leaching of Major Elements andHeavy Metals From Cementitious Waste Forms 475

Evelien Martens, Diederik Jacques, Tom Van Gerven,Lian Wang, and Dirk Mallants

Changes on the Mineralogical and Physical Properties ofFEBEX Bentonite Due to Its Contact with HyperalkalinePore Fluids in Infiltration Tests 483

A.M. Fernandez, A. Melon, D.M. Sanchez, M.P. Galan,R. Morante, L. Gutierrez-Nebot, M.J. Turrero, andA. Escribano

A New Natural Analog Study of the Interaction ofLow-Alkali Cement Leachates and the BentoniteBuffer of a Radioactive Waste Repository 493

W. Russell Alexander, Carlo A. Arcilla,Ian G. McKinley, Hideki Kawamura,Yoshiaki Takahashi, Kaz Aoki, andSatoru Miyoshi

Migration Behavior of Ferrous Ion in CompactedBentonite Under Reducing Conditions Controlledwith Potentiostat 501

Kazuya Idemitsu, Syeda Afsarun Nessa,Shigeru Yamazaki, Hirotomo Ikeuchi,Yaohiro Inagaki, and Tatsumi Arima

ENGINEERED BARRIER SYSTEMS II:CONTAINERS

Effect of Weak Acid Additions on the General andLocalized Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 22 inChloride Solutions 511

Ricardo M. Carranza, C. Mabel Giordano,Martin A. Rodriguez, and Raul B. Rebak

Waste Package Corrosion Studies Using SmallMockup Experiments 519

B.E. Anderson, K.B. Helean, C.R. Bryan,P.V. Brady, and R.C. Ewing

Repassivation Potential of Alloy 22 in Sodium andCalcium Chloride Brines 527

Raul B. Rebak, Gabriel O. Ilevbare, andRicardo M. Carranza

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Apparent Inversion of the Effect of Alloyed Molybdenumfor Corrosion of Ordinary and Enhanced 316L StainlessSteel in Sulfuric Acid 537

Gloria Kwong, Anatolie Carcea, and Roger C. Newman

MOBILIZATION, MIGRATION ANDRETENTION

Grimsel Test Site - Phase VI: Review of Accomplishmentsand Next Generation of In Situ Experiments UnderRepository Relevant Boundary Conditions 547

Ingo Blechschmidt, Stratis Vomvoris, Joerg Rueedi,and Andrew James Martin

Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM) in Groundwaters From the Aspo UndergroundResearch Laboratory, Sweden: A Novel "Finger Printing"Tool for Palaeohydrological Assessment 557

Christopher H. Vane, Alexander W. Kim,Antoni E. Milodowski, John Smellie,Eva-Lena Tullborg, and Julia M. West

Modeling of Radionuclide Migration ThroughFractured Rock in a HLW Respository with MultipleCanisters 567

Doo-Hyun Lim, Masahiro Uchida,Koichiro Hatanaka, and Atsushi Sawada

A New Method for Real-Time Monitoring of GroutSpread Through Fractured Rocks 577

Alasdair E. Henderson, Iain A. Robertson,John M. Whitfield, Graham F.G. Garrard,Nicholas G. Swannell, and Hansruedi Fisch

Observation of Diffusion Behavior of Trace Elementsin Hardened Cement Pastes by LA-ICP-MS 585

Taiji Chida and Daisuke Sugiyama

Magnetite Sorption Capacity for Strontium as a FunctionofpH 593

Joan de Pablo, Miquel Rovira, Javier Gimenez,Ignasi Casas, and Frederic Clarens

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Kinetics of UO2(s) Dissolution in the Presence ofHypochlorite, Chlorite, and Chlorate Solutions 599

Rosa Sureda, Ignasi Casas, Javier Gimenez, andJoan de Pablo

Long-Term Predictions of the Concentration ofa-isosaccharinic Acid in Cement Pore Water. 605

Martin A. Glaus, Luc R. Van Loon,Bernhard Schwyn, Sarah Vines, Steve J. Williams,Peter Larsson, and Ignasi Puigdomenech

Release Behavior of Sr-90 From HydraulicallyRetrieved ILW Sludge 613

J.J. Hastings

Radionuclide Retardation in Granitic Rocks by MatrixDiffusion and Sorption 621

P. Holtta, M. Siitari-Kauppi, M. Kelokaski, andV. Tukiainen

Modeling Transport of 14C-Labeled Natural OrganicMatter (NOM) in Boom Clay 629

Alice Ionescu, Norbert Maes, and Dirk Mallants

Release of U, REE and Th From Palmottu Granite 637Mira K. Markovaara-Koivisto, Nuria Marcos,David Read, Antero Lindberg, Marja Siitari-Kauppi,and Kirsti P. Loukola Ruskeeniemi

Comparative Analysis of Results From DeterministicCalculations of the Release of Radioactivity FromGeological Disposal of Spent Fuel in Crystalline Rocks 645

Slavka Prvakova, Pavel V. Amosov, andKarl-Fredrik Nilsson

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

Development and Validation of a Model of UraniumRelease to Groundwater From Legacy Disposals atthe UK Low Level Waste Repository 657

J.S. Small, C. Lennon, S. Kwong, and RJ. Scott

Near-Field Modeling in the Safety Assessment SR-Can 665C. Fredrik Vahlund

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Illustration of HLW Repository Performance: UsingAlternative Yardsticks to Assess Modeled RadionuclideFluxes 673

Kaname Miyahara and Tomoko Kato

Characterization of Radionuclide Migration and PlantUptake for Performance Assessment 681

Simon A. Mathias, Andrew M. Ireson, Adrian P. Butler,Bethanna M. Jackson, and Howard S. Wheater

Evaluating Chemical Toxicity of Surface Disposal ofLILW-SL in Belgium 689

D. Mallants, L. Wang, E. Weetjens, and W. Cool

Author Index 703

Subject Index 709

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PREFACE

The 31st International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Managementorganized and hosted by the Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL) of the University of Sheffieldwas held September 16-21, 2007 in Sheffield, England. 140 attendees from 18 countries heardover 60 talks and viewed an equal number of posters during the four days of scientific sessions,interrupted by an excellent social program including a Yorkshire themed reception in the WinterGardens in Sheffield, a visit to the Duke of Devonshire's home Chatsworth in Derbyshire, and abanquet in the magnificent Cutlers' Hall in the city centre.

The Symposium offered an overview of the status of the UK's clean-up program and reviewedinternational research programs including those in Europe and the United States. Topics covered inthe sessions included: Geological Disposal Concepts; ILW Wasteforms; Glasses and Glass CompositeMaterials; Leaching; Ceramic Wasteforms; Radiation Effects; Pu Wasteforms; Spent Fuel; EngineeredBarrier Systems; Mobilization, Migration and Retention; and Performance Assessment. Invitedlectures by leading experts kicked off each session providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in thepertinent topic.

A technical visit to Sellafield was arranged for the last day including tours of many of the plantand storage facilities.

Many people worked hard to ensure the success of this Symposium and we must take thisopportunity to recognize their efforts and thank them here. As well as ourselves the InternationalTechnical Committee comprised: Bruce Begg, Boris Burakov, Neil Chapman, Sergey Dmitriev,Rod Ewing, Graham Fairhall, Bernd Grambow, Jim Marra, Neil Milestone, Denis Strachan,Pierre Van Iseghem, and Etienne Vernaz. This group was responsible for sifting abstracts andorganizing and chairing the sessions, organizing two reviews for, and the final acceptance of, eachpaper.

However, the key person in organizing this meeting was John Roberts (the ISL Manager)who worked tirelessly over many months (through flood and famine!) to ensure its success. Mostmembers of the ISL put in tremendous efforts, particularly in the weeks leading up to the conference,to make sure things ran smoothly.

Finally, we have to thank our sponsors (the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, AWE,Nexia Solutions, Imperial College London, the ISL, AMEC, and SIA Radon), particularly theNDA who provided funds to enable the conference to meet its main objective of being the world'spremier forum for scientific research into nuclear waste management.

William E. LeeJohn W. RobertsNeil C. HyattRobin W. Grimes

London and Sheffield, UK

February 2008

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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 1066 — Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology—2008,A. Nathan, J. Yang, S. Miyazaki, H. Hou, A. Flewitt, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-036-3

Volume 1067E —Materials and Devices for "Beyond CMOS" Scaling, S. Ramanathan, 2008,ISBN 978-1-60511-037-0

Volume 1068 — Advances in GaN, GaAs, SiC and Related Alloys on Silicon Substrates, T. Li, J. Redwing,M. Mastro, E.L. Piner, A. Dadgar, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-038-7

Volume 1069 — Silicon Carbide 2008—Materials, Processing and Devices, A. Powell, M. Dudley, CM. Johnson,S-H. Ryu, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-039-4

Volume 1070 — Doping Engineering for Front-End Processing, BJ. Pawlak, M. Law, K. Suguro, MX. Pelaz, 2008,ISBN 978-1-60511-040-0

Volume 1071 — Materials Science and Technology for Nonvolatile Memories, O. Auciello, D. Wouters, S. Soss,S. Hong, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-041-7

Volume 1072E —Phase-Change Materials for Reconfigurable Electronics and Memory Applications, S. Raoux,A.H. Edwards, M. Wuttig, PJ. Fons, P.C. Taylor, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-042-4

Volume 1073E —Materials Science of High-k Dielectric Stacks—From Fundamentals to Technology, L. Pantisano,E. Gusev, M. Green, M. Niwa, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-043-1

Volume 1074E —Synthesis and Metrology of Nanoscale Oxides and Thin Films, V. Craciun, D. Kumar,S.J. Pennycook, K.K. Singh, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-044-8

Volume 1075E —Passive and Electromechanical Materials and Integration, Y.S. Cho, H.A.C. Tilmans,T. Tsurumi, G.K. Fedder, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-045-5

Volume 1076 — Materials and Devices for Laser Remote Sensing and Optical Communication, A. Aksnes,F. Amzajerdian, N. Peyghambarian, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-046-2

Volume 1077E —Functional Plasmonics and Nanophotonics, S. Maier, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-047-9Volume 1078E —Materials and Technology for Flexible, Conformable and Stretchable Sensors and Transistors,

2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-048-6Volume 1079E —Materials and Processes for Advanced Interconnects for Microelectronics, J. Gambino, S. Ogawa,

C.L. Gan, Z. Tokei, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-049-3Volume 1080E —Semiconductor Nanowires—Growth, Physics, Devices and Applications, H. Riel, T. Kamins,

H. Fan, S. Fischer, C. Thelander, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-050-9Volume 108IE —Carbon Nanotubes and Related Low-Dimensional Materials, L-C. Chen, J. Robertson, ZX. Wang,

D.B. Geohegan, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-051-6Volume 1082E —Ionic Liquids in Materials Synthesis and Application, H. Yang, G.A. Baker, J.S Wilkes, 2008,

ISBN 978-1-60511-052-3Volume 1083E —Coupled Mechanical, Electrical and Thermal Behaviors of Nanomaterials, L. Shi, M. Zhou,

M-F. Yu, V. Tomar, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-053-0Volume 1084E —Weak Interaction Phenomena—Modeling and Simulation from First Principles, E. Schwegler,

2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-054-7Volume 1085E —Nanoscale Tribology—Impact for Materials and Devices, Y. Ando, R.W. Carpick, R. Bennewitz,

W.G. Sawyer, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-055-4Volume 1086E —Mechanics of Nanoscale Materials, C. Friesen, R.C. Cammarata, A. Hodge, OX. Warren, 2008,

ISBN 978-1-60511-056-1

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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 1087E —Crystal-Shape Control and Shape-Dependent Properties—Methods, Mechanism, Theory andSimulation, K-S. Choi, A.S. Barnard, DJ. Srolovitz, H. Xu, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-057-8

Volume 1088E —Advances and Applications of Surface Electron Microscopy, D.L. Adler, E. Bauer, G.L. Kellogg,A. Scholl, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-058-5

Volume 1089E —Focused Ion Beams for Materials Characterization and Micromachining, L. Holzer, M.D. Uchic,C. Volkert, A. Minor, 2008, ISBN 978-1 -60511 -059-2

Volume 1090E —Materials Structures—The Nabarro Legacy, P. Mullner, S. Sant, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-060-8Volume 109IE —Conjugated Organic Materials—Synthesis, Structure, Device and Applications, Z. Bao, J. Locklin,

W. You, J. Li, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-061-5Volume 1092E —Signal Transduction Across the Biology-Technology Interface, K. Plaxco, T. Tarasow, M. Berggren,

A. Dodabalapur, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-062-2Volume 1093E —Designer Biointerfaces, E. Chaikof, A. Chilkoti, J. Elisseeff, J. Lahann, 2008,

ISBN 978-1-60511-063-9Volume 1094E —From Biological Materials to Biomimetic Material Synthesis, N. Kroger, R. Qiu, R. Naik,

D. Kaplan, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-064-6Volume 1095E —Responsive Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications, J. Cheng, A. Khademhosseini, H-Q. Mao,

M. Stevens, C. Wang, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-065-3Volume 1096E —Molecular Motors, Nanomachines and Active Nanostructures, H. Hess, A. Flood, H. Linke,

A.J. Turberfield, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-066-0Volume 1097E —Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials and Biomaterials, J. Zhou, A.G. Checa, O.O. Popoola,

E.D. Rekow, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-067-7Volume 1098E —The Hydrogen Economy, A. Dillon, C. Moen, B. Choudhury, J. Keller, 2008,

ISBN 978-1-60511-068-4Volume 1099E —Heterostructures, Functionalization and Nanoscale Optimization in Superconductivity, T. Aytug,

V. Maroni, B. Holzapfel, T. Kiss, X. Li, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-069-1Volume 1100E —Materials Research for Electrical Energy Storage, J.B. Goodenough, H.D. Abrufia, M.V. Buchanan,

2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-070-7Volume 1101E —Light Management in Photovoltaic Devices—Theory and Practice, C. Ballif, R. Ellingson,

M. Topic, M. Zeman, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-071-4Volume 1102E —Energy Harvesting—From Fundamentals to Devices, H. Radousky, J. Holbery, B. O'Handley,

N. Kioussis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-072-1Volume 1103E —Health and Environmental Impacts of Nanoscale Materials—Safety by Design, S. Tinkle, 2008,

ISBN 978-1-60511-073-8Volume 1104 — Actinides 2008—Basic Science, Applications and Technology, B. Chung, J. Thompson, D. Shuh,

T. Albrecht-Schmitt, T. Gouder, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-074-5Volume 1105E —The Role of Lifelong Education in Nanoscience and Engineering, D. Palma, L. Bell, R. Chang,

R. Tomellini, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-075-2Volume 1106E —The Business of Nanotechnology, L. Merhari, A. Gandhi, S. Giordani, L. Tsakalakos, C. Tsamis,

2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-076-9Volume 1107 — Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXXI, W.E. Lee, J.W. Roberts, N.C. Hyatt,

R.W. Grimes, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60511-079-0

Prior Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings available by contacting Materials Research Society

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-107-40850-0 - Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXXI: MaterialsResearch Society Symposium Proceedings: Volume 1107Editors: William E. Lee, John W. Roberts, Neil C. Hyatt and Robin W. GrimesFrontmatterMore information