Science with the Herschel far-infrared & submillimeter

space telescope

Reinhard GenzelMax-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

Garching (FRG)

Evolution of the Universe

Big Bang

recombination300,000 yrs

first stars, galaxies & black holes 0.5-1 Gyr

current Universe & solarsystem 13.7 Gyrs

Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state

dust and gas in the Orion nebula star forming region

The cool, dusty Universe

far-infrared and

submillimeter band

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conversion of UV-radiation into far-infrared emission at the interface of a dense cloud

The cool, dusty Universe

correlation between dustiness and luminosityin local-Universe infrared-luminous galaxies

The cool, dusty Universe

•high resolution imaging and deep photometry of thermal dust emission• detection and investigation of the coolest and most dust enshrouded objects• detection and imaging of key cooling lines of interstellar gas of a wide range of physical properties• high resolution spectroscopy of molecular absorption and emission lines for a quantitative analysis of physical and chemical properties

throughout the far-infrared and submillimeter bandHerschel will carry out

the cosmic interstellar-stellar cycle

W5 star forming regionHerschel will investigate all stages of the interstellar-stellar cycle in a wide range of astrophysical environments

how does interstellar gas coolto be able to form stars ?

predicted submillimeter spectrum of water in a dense protostellar clump

Herschel will carry out detailed spectroscopic surveys for a quantitative understanding of the abundances of water and other key molecules in the solar system, the Galaxy and nearby galaxies

comets as sources of water vapor in the solar system

gas in other worlds

the merging galaxy pair NGC3690-IC694

ISO-LWS spectroscopy of the merger Arp 220

Herschel will be able to explore, for the first time, the properties of the interstellar media in distant galaxies

how do stars form ?

protostellar clumpsin -Oph

emerging young star cluster in Serpens

protostellarjet in HH 47

edge-on protostellar disk in Orion

Herschel will carry out large surveys for a full census of star formation and early evolution in the Milky Way

debris dust disk around Formalhaut

how do stars form ?

spectral characteristics of different stages of star formation

Herschel will investigate the time evolution of

protostars from the initial completely dust-

enshrouded stage to the final young stellar &

planetary system

how do stars form ?

Herschel will apply‘chemical fingerprinting’as a new tool for studyingthe evolution of star formingclouds and protostellar disks

how do stars form ?

Herschel will explore how the stellar initial mass function is formed from dense gas clumps in dust

enshrouded stellar nurseries

CO clouds

clump mass function in the Pipe Nebula

star formation in galaxies

massive star formingregion in the MilkyWay & local Universe:104 M clusters with ~100 O stars

merging galaxy pair in local Universe: 106

M clusters with 104 O-stars

Herschel will study dusty starbursts from the local Universe to the most spectacular first events in the

young Universe

gas rich young galaxy 3Gyrs after the Big Bang: 109 M clusters with 107 O-stars

re-cycling of gas & dust

ejection of gas in the Crab Nebula supernova remnant

CO shell in the outflow from the carbon giant star TT-Cyg

Herschel will study the evolution and chemical properties of dusty mass loss episodes in the late stages of stellar evolution

what drives star and galaxy formation in the early Universe ?

major merger

rapid ‘cold’ flow from halo

a census of dusty AGN and star

forming galaxies at high redshift

1.4°x1.4° XMM COSMOS field

Simulated deep PACS sub-field survey

Herschel will carry out a wide range of deep imaging surveys to explore the extinction-free evolution of star formation in the young Universe

a census of dusty AGN and star forming galaxies at

high redshift

Quasar-density

cosmic star formation density

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time after the Big Bang (billions of years)

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a 3 billion solar mass black hole800 million years after the Big Bang!

Herschel will explore the assembly and co-evolution of massive galaxies & black holes

what is the cosmic IR-background made out of ?

Herschel will for the first time resolve the majority of the cosmic far-infrared background

COBCIB

evolution of the Universe

Big Bang

recombination300,000 yrs

first stars, galaxies & black holes 0.5-1 Gyr

current Universe & solarsystem 13.7 Gyrs

Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state