Science & Technology BBA – SEMESTER 4 NOTES

PARUL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

2014

PARULGROUP OF INSTITUTES S. PANCHAL

4/30/2014

CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing in general can be portrayed as a synonym for distributed computing over a network, with the ability to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time. It specifically refers to a computing hardware machine or group of computing hardware machines commonly referred as a server connected through a communication network such as the Internet, an intranet, a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) and individual users or user who have permission to access the server can use the server's processing power for their individual computing needs like to run an application, store

data or any other computing need. Therefore, instead of using a personal computer every-time to run the application, the individual can now run the application from anywhere in the world, as the server provides the processing power to the application and the server is also connected to a network via internet or other connection platforms to be accessed from anywhere

GOOGLE GLASS

Google Glass is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD). It was developed by Google with the mission of producing a mass-market ubiquitous computer.

Google Glass displays information in a Smartphone-like hands-free format. Wearers communicate with the Internet via natural language voice commands.

PHONE BLOCKS

Phonebloks is a modular Smartphone concept created and designed by the Dutch designer Dave Hakkens and developed by Google in the name of Project ARA, the purpose of developing such modular phone is primarily to reduce electronic waste

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaPf4ZIbDVM

OPTICAL FIBER

An optical fiber (or optical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made of high quality extruded glass (silica) or plastic, slightly thicker than a human hair. It can function as a waveguide, or “light pipe” to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber.

Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than wire cables. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so that they may be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in confined

spaces. Specially designed fibers are used for a variety of other applications, including sensors and fiber lasers.

USE OF OPTICAL FIBERS

Communication - Telephone transmission method uses fibre-optic cables. Optical fibres transmit energy in the form of light pulses

Medical uses - Optical fibres are well suited for medical use. They can be made in extremely thin, flexible strands for insertion into the blood vessels, lungs, and other hollow parts of the body.

Simple uses - The simplest application of optical fibres is the transmission of light to locations otherwise hard to reach.

ANDROID (OPERATING SYSTEM)

Android is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, and designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as Smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005.

Android is the most popular mobile OS and as of 2013, its devices also sell more than Windows, iOS and Mac OS devices combined

One of the key differences between Android™ technology and other smart phone systems is that it is open for modification. This gives vendors the opportunity to change and enhance their products based on their own preferences. This has created many versions of Android™ phones, which can vary by vendor, as well as a range of other devices that use this platform.

GSM & CDMA

GSM

(Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. It is the de facto global standard for mobile communications with over 90% market share, and is available in over 219 countries and territories.

The GSM standard was developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, and originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This was expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-switched transport, then packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution or EGPRS).

Subsequently, the 3GPP developed third generation (3G) UMTS standards followed by fourth generation (4G) LTE Advanced standards, which are not part of the ETSI GSM standard.

"GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM Association. It may also refer to the initially most common voice codec used

CDMA

Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies.

CDMA is an example of multiple access, which is where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (see bandwidth). To permit this to be achieved

without undue interference between the users, CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code).

CDMA is used as the access method in many mobile phone standards

SO IN SHORT…

CDMA and GSM are Radio technologies and mobile Phone is just an Antenna to receive these Radio Signals. Since both the technologies work on different frequency range and has different modulation schemes therefore the mobile phones for both are different. Apart from this 3G technology which is combination of both GSM and CDMA (WCDMA) is compatible with both GSM and CDMA. So a 3G mobile can serve for both GSM and CDMA radio signals.SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is consists of Credential for network authorization. Since Both GSM and CDMA technologies has different Authorization functions and parameters hence both SIMs are different. Note: In CDMA technology SIM is often called as RUIM (Removable User Identity Module).CDMA uses Different Frequencies than GSM. CDMA also does not require a SIM card. Now some companies do provide SIM cards for CDMA connections also, such as Reliance communications and TATA Indicomm in India. CDMA can hold more calls per channel on their towers, while GSM drops a lot of calls. That is why people are always complaining about T-Mobile and AT&T dropped calls. GSM is used internationally while CDMA is mostly used in the DOMESTIC United States.

BITCOIN

A digital currency in which transactions can be performed without the need for a central bank. Bitcoin can be used for online transactions between individual.

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world.

GPS devices may have capabilities such as:

Maps, including streets maps, displayed in human readable format via text or in a graphical format,

Turn-by-turn navigation directions to a human in charge of a vehicle or vessel via text or speech,

Directions fed directly to an autonomous vehicle such as a robotic probe,

Traffic congestion maps (depicting either historical or real time data) and suggested alternative directions,

Information on nearby amenities such as restaurants, fueling stations, and tourist attractions.

GPS may be able to answer:

The roads or paths available, Traffic congestion and alternative

routes,

Roads or paths that might be taken to get to the destination,

If some roads are busy (now or historically) the best route to take,

The location of food, banks, hotels, fuel, airports or other places of interests,

The shortest route between the two locations,

The different options to drive on highway or back roads.

Videos for reference… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOwMkFsJXRI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPvZ6LslkHk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKJ9KzGQq0w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Um63OQz3bjo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW6zoyPs_ZM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EvNxWhskf8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSnB06um5r4

Thank You