Science Not just another way of knowing…. Science Innovation The introduction of new things or...
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Transcript of Science Not just another way of knowing…. Science Innovation The introduction of new things or...
Science
• Knowledgeable about content
• Understands the process of science
• Can apply scientific thinking to other areas of life
A scientifically literate person is equipped to become an active, informed citizen who can confidently contribute to debates and make reasoned judgements about moral, ethical and social issues and the role of science and technology.
QSA (science scope and sequence 1-9)
Science
Autism, schizophrenia, diabetes, Alzheimer's, cancer, Huntington’s disease, ……. Thanks, fruit flies!
Science
CREATION MUSEUM
Nuclear PhysicsMolecular biologyGeologyBiochemistryBotanyPlanetary scienceAstronomyCosmologyVirologyBacteriologyGeneticsImmunologyMicrobiologyOceanographyPaleontologyThermodynamics
Science
Should all opinions be treated with respect?
If all views are equal, then all views are worthless…
Science
Here's a little test: Pictured to the right are four cards. Each card contains a letter on one side, and a number on the other. Which cards must you turn over to test the following statement? "If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an even number on the other side."
Science
Effective, powerful, explanatory hypotheses have fewer degrees of freedom (less wiggle room)
Science
The Characteristics of a Scientific Hypothesis 5 Simple steps to follow in testing a hypothesis
Science
2. It should be in accord with accepted principles, eg. the cat got onto the roof by floating upwards is not acceptable.
Science
3. Of all the possible explanations, choose the simplest. (Ockham’s Razor)
Less wiggle room
Fewer degrees of freedom
Science
4. The explanation should not be contentious and in as much need of explanation as the original set of facts. It should be less complicated than what it explains.
Science
5. It must be falsifiable. In this case, it should be possible to outline an experiment that has the potential to disprove the hypothesis. If no such experiment can be carried out, the hypothesis is a poor one.
“No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong.”
Science
Science
“What separates science from all other human activities is its belief in the provisional nature of conclusions.”
Michael Shermer
Transferable Science Thinking
Photosynthesis produces oxygen. Oxygen was found to be produced by providing Martian soil with sterile nutrients.
Photosynthesis has occurred
Oxygen production is a
NECESSARY
but not
SUFFICIENT
condition to establish that photosynthesis has occurred.
Transferable Science Thinking
Wiccan membership is increasing at a steady rate.Firefox downloads are increasing at a steady rate.
Wiccan membership causes people to download Firefox ORDownloading Firefox creates Wiccans
Under what circumstances does
CORRELATION
Suggest
CAUSATION?
Smoking Lung cancerEthical considerations of trials
All knowledge is presented in an uncritical fashion – as ‘fixed’ and ‘non-negotiable’. Because knowledge is viewed as static, it is regularly presented in the form of tables, charts, handouts, texts and comprehension activities.
Students encouraged to view knowledge as changeable, attempting to understand, critique, improve and transform it to construct new knowledge.
Intellectual Quality (productive Pedagogy)
Not just another way of knowingScience
Establishment PremisesThe Earth is oldLife is oldLife has changed - Species that used to exist no longer exist; Species that exist now did not exist then
Not just another way of knowingScience
How do we know? Epistemic Issues Atomic structure Radioactive decay - Nature’s
clocks Geological data
How do we know about atomic structure?
What else does atomic structure explain?
Is the rate of radioactive decay constant?
How can we know about such slow geological processes?
The Earth is old
Not just another way of knowingScience
How do we know? Epistemic Issues•Fossil record
•Dating of fossils
•How can we be sure fossils are the remains of living things?
•Sedimentary rock cannot be dated, are the methods used rigorous enough?
•Are the fossils found sufficiently representative?
Life is old
Not just another way of knowingScience
How do we know? Epistemic Issues•Enough organisms end up being fossilised to be representative of broad changes
•Very few current species found
•Very few old species extant
•Could there just be species gaps in the fossil record?
•What counterexamples may exist? In what way are they significant?
Life has changed
Not just another way of knowingScience
Focus on the development of scientific literacy.
What happens without a scientifically literate population?
Not just another way of knowingScience
Epistemology – how it is that we know things to be true
Science is another way of knowing, equal to other ways and not having any epistemological supremacy.
Studying science helps students understand the nature of the world around them and their place in that world. It promotes the development of personal attributes such as perseverance, cooperation, collaboration and creativity and engages students in distinctive ways of thinking about and explaining events and phenomena.
Through participation in authentic, 'real-world' science experiences, students develop the essential knowledge, attitudes and skills that help them become active and informed citizens, capable of making personal decisions.
Key Learning Area (science)