SCIENCE COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS) HINJILICUT … COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS) HINJILICUT CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM...

SCIENCE COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS)

HINJILICUT

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

B. SC. HONOURS WITH

CHEMISTRY

SYLLABUS 2015-18

CORE (CHEMISTRY)

Core Papers (C): (Credit: 06 each) (4 Periods for Theory + 2 periods/week for practical) SEMESTER - I 1. Inorganic Chemistry I: Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonding (4 + 2)

2. Physical Chemistry I: States of Matter & Ionic Equilibrium (4 + 2)

SEMESTER - II 3. Organic Chemistry I: Basics and Hydrocarbons (4 + 2)

4. Physical Chemistry II: Chemical Thermodynamics and its Applications (4 + 2)

SEMESTER - III 5. Inorganic Chemistry II: s- and p-block Elements (4 + 2)

6. Organic Chemistry II: Oxygen Containing Functional Groups (4 + 2) 7. Physical Chemistry III: Phase Equilibria and Chemical Kinetics (4 + 2)

SEMESTER - IV 8. Inorganic Chemistry III: Coordination Chemistry (4 + 2)

9. Organic Chemistry III: Heterocyclic Chemistry (4 + 2) 10. Physical Chemistry IV: Electrochemistry (4 + 2)

SEMESTER - V 11. Organic Chemistry IV: Biomolecules (4 + 2)

12. Physical Chemistry V: Quantum Chemistry & Spectroscopy (4 + 2)

SEMESTER -VI 13. Inorganic Chemistry IV: Organometallic Chemistry (4 + 2)

14. Organic Chemistry V: Spectroscopy (4 + 2)

CORE (CHEMISTRY)

SEMESTER - I

CORE – I (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 1)

(Credits: Theory -04, Practicals-02 ) Theory: 60 Lectures

UNIT - I

Atomic Structure: (14 Lectures) Bohr’s theory, its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave mechanics: deBroglie

equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its significance, Schrödinger’swave equation,

significance of ψ and ψ2. Quantum numbers and their significance.Normalized and orthogonal wave functions. Sign of wave functions. Radial and angular wavefunctions for hydrogen atom. Radial and

angular distribution curves. Shapes of s, p, d and forbitals. Contour boundary and probability diagrams.Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau principle and

itslimitations, Variation of orbital energy with atomic number.

UNIT - II Periodicity of Elements: (16 Lectures) s, p , d, f block elements, the long form of periodic table. Detailed discussion of the followingproperties of the elements, with reference to s and p -block.

(a) Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, variation of effectivenuclear

charge in periodic table.

(b) Atomic radii (van der Waals) (c) Ionic and crystal radii.

(d) Covalent radii (octahedral and tetrahedral)

(e) Ionization enthalpy, Successive ionization enthalpies and factors affecting ionizationenergy. Applications of ionization enthalpy. (f) Electron gain enthalpy, trends of electron gain enthalpy.

(g)Electronegativity, Pauling’s/ Mulliken’s/ Allred Rachow’s/ and Mulliken-Jaffé’selectronegativity

scales. Variation of electronegativity with bond order, partial charge,hybridization, group

electronegativity.Sanderson’s electron density ratio. UNIT - III

Chemical Bonding – 1 : (16 Lectures) (i) Ionic bond:General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and itslimitations. Packing of ions in crystals.Born-Landé equation with derivation and importanceof Kapustinskii

expression for lattice energy.Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and itsapplication, Solvation

energy.

(ii) Covalent bond: Lewis structure, Valence Bond theory (Heitler-London approach).Energetics of hybridization, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals.Bent’s rule,Resonance and resonance

energy, Molecular orbital theory (MOT). Molecular orbital diagrams ofdiatomic and simple

polyatomic molecules N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO, NO, and their ions; HCl,BeF 2, CO2, (idea of s-p mixing

and orbital interaction to be given). Formal charge, Valenceshell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes of simple molecules and ions containinglone pairs and bond pairs of electrons,

multip le bonding (σ and ̟ bond approach) and bondlengths.Covalent character in ionic compounds,

polarizing power and polarizability.Fajan’s rules andconsequences of polarization.Ionic character in

covalent compounds: Bond moment and dipole moment. P ercentage ioniccharacter from dipole moment and electronegativity difference.

UNIT – IV Chemical Bonding – 2 : (10 Lectures)

(i) Metallic Bond: Qualitative idea of valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors andinsulators, defects in solids. (ii) Weak Chemical Forces: van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipoleinteractions,

induced dipole interactions, Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions.Repulsive forces,

Hydrogen bonding (theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment)Effects of chemical force, melting and boiling points, solubility energetics of dissolutionprocess.

Oxidation-Reduction: (4 Lectures) Redox equations, Standard Electrode Potential and its application to inorganic reactions.Principles involved in volumetric analysis to be carried out in class.

Reference Books:

• Lee, J.D. Concise In organic Chemistry ELBS, 1991.

• Douglas, B.E. and McDan iel, D.H. Concepts & Models of Inorganic ChemistryOxford, 1970 • Atkins, P.W. & Paula, J. Physical Chemistry, 10th Ed., Oxford University Press, 2014.

• Day, M.C. and Selbin, J. Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, ACS Publications, 1962.

• Rodger, G.E. Inorganic and Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India Edition,2002.

• Cotton , F. A. and Willkinson, G Advanced Inorganic Chem istry • Soni, P. L. and katyal A Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry

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CORE - I (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

(A ) Titrime tric Ana lysis

(i) Calibration and use of a pparatus

(ii) Prepa ra tion of solutions of d ifferen t Mola rity/Normality of titra nts

(B) Acid-Base Titra tions

(i) Est imation of carbona te an d hydroxide present togeth er in mix ture.

(ii) E stimation of carbonate and bica rbonate present togeth er in a mixture.

(iii) Est ima tion of free alka li present in different soa ps/detergents

(C ) Ox idation-Reduction Titrime try

(i) Est imation of Fe(II) an d oxalic acid using sta ndardized KMnO4 solution .

(ii) E stimation of oxalic a cid and sodium oxa late in a given mix ture.

(iii) Est ima tion of Fe(II) with K2 Cr2 O7 usin g in terna l (diph en ylamine, a nthra nilic a cid) an d externa l

in dica tor.

Reference text: 1. Men dha m, J., A . I. V ogel’s Quantitative Chemical A naly sis 6th Ed ., Pearson , 2009.

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CORE – II (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – 1)


UNIT - I

Gaseous state: (18 Le cture s)

Kinetic molecular model of a gas: postulates a nd derivation of the kin etic gas equation ;collision

frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of ga ses, including theirtempera ture a nd

pressure depen dence, rela tion between mea n free path a nd coefficient ofviscosity, ca lcula tio n of σ

from η; va riation of visco sity with tempera ture a nd pressure.Ma xwell distr ibution a nd its use in

evalua ting molecula r velocit ies (avera ge, root mea nsquare an d most proba ble) and average kinetic

en ergy, la w of equipartit ion of energy, degreesof freedom a nd molecula r basis of heat

ca pa cities.Beha viour of real ga ses: Deviations from ideal gas beh aviour, compressibility factor, Z,

an dits va riation with pressure for d ifferen t ga ses. Ca uses of d evia tion from ideal beha viour.Vander

Waa ls equation of sta te, its derivation and applica tion in explaining rea l gas behaviour,men tion of

other equa tions of state (Berthelot, Dietrici); v ir ial equation of state; va n derWaals equation expressed

in virial form and ca lculation of Boyle temperature. Isotherms ofrea l gases and th eir comparison with

van der Waals isoth erms, con tinuity of states, crit ica lstate, relation between critical constants a nd van

der Waa ls constants, law of correspon dingsta tes.

UNIT - II

Liquid state: (6 Lecture s)

Qua litative treatmen t of th e structure of th e liquid sta te; Radial distr ibution function;

physicalproperties of liquids; va pour pressure, surface tension and coeffic ient of viscosity, and

th eirdetermin ation. Effect of addition of various solutes on surfa ce tension a nd viscosity.Expla nation

of clea nsin g action of detergen ts.Tempera ture variation of viscosity of liquidsa nd comparison with

th at of gases.Qualita tive discussion of structure of wa ter.

UNIT - III

Solid sta te : (16 Le cture s)

Nature of the solid sta te, la w of con stan cy of interfacial an gles, law of rational in dices, Millerindices,

elem enta ry ideas of symmetry, symmetry elemen ts a nd symmetry opera tions,qua litative idea of

poin t and space groups, seven crystal systems an d fourteen Bravaisla ttices; X-ray diffra ction , Bra gg’s

la w, a simple a ccount of rotating crystal meth od andpowder pattern meth od. Ana lysis of powder

diffraction pa ttern s of NaC l, CsCl and KCl.Defects in crystals. Gla sses and liquid crystals.

UNIT - IV

Ionic equilibria: (20 Le cture s) Strong, modera te and w ea k electro lytes, degree of ioniza tion , factors affect in g degree ofioniza tion,

ioniza tion constant and ion ic product of water. Ioniza tion of wea k a cids and bases,pH sca le, co mmon

ion effect; dissoc iation constan ts of mono-, di-a nd triprotic a cids (exacttreatmen t).Sa lt hydrolysis-

ca lcula tion of hydrolysis con stan t, degree of h ydrolysis a nd pH for differentsa lts. Buffer solutions;

deriva tion of Hen derson equation and its a pplica tions; buffer capacity,buffer ran ge, buffer a ction a nd

application s of buffers in analytica l chemistry a ndbiochemical processes in the human

body.Solubility and solubility product of spa rin gly soluble sa lts – applications of solubility product

prin ciple. Qualita tive treatmen t of acid – ba se titra tion curves (ca lcula tion of pH at varioussta ges).

Theory of acid–base indicators; select ion of in dica tors and th eir limita tions.Multista ge equilibria in

polyelectrolyte systems; hydrolysis an d hydrolysis constan ts.

Reference Books:

• Atkins, P . W. & Paula, J. de A tkin’s Physical Chemistry 10th Ed., Ox ford UniversityPress (2014 ).

• Ball, D . W. Physical Ch em istry Thomson Press, India (2007).

• Castellan , G. W. Phy sical Chemistry 4 th Ed. Narosa (2004 ).

• Mortimer, R. G. Phy sical Ch emistry 3 rd Ed. Elsevier: NOIDA, UP (2009 ).

• Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Pea rson (2013).

• Glasston e, S and Lewis , D Elem ents Of Phy sical Ch emistry

• Bha l , A and Tuli, G. D . Essentials of Ph ysical Chemistry

• Rakhit, P . C. Physical Chemistry

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CORE - II (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Surface tension measurements.

a. Determine th e surfa ce tension by (i) drop n umber (ii) drop weigh t method.

b. Study th e varia tion of surface tension of deterg en t solution s with

concen tration .

2. Viscosity measurement using Ostwald’s viscometer.

a. Determina tion of visco sity of aqueous solutions of (i) polymer (ii) ethanol an d

(iii) suga r a t room tempera ture.

b. Study th e varia tion of viscosity of sucrose solution with th e concentra tion of

solute.

3. Indexing of a given powder diffraction pattern of a cubic crysta lline system.

4. pH me try

a. Study th e effect on pH of addition of HC l/NaO H to solution s of acetic a cid,

sodium a ceta te an d th eir mix tures.

b. Preparation of buffer solutions of different pH

i. Sodium a ceta te-acetic a cid

ii. Ammonium ch lorid e-ammonium h ydroxide

c. pH metric t itration of (i) stron g acid vs. stron g ba se, (ii) weak a cid vs. stron g ba se.

d. Determina tion of dissoc iation con stan t of a weak acid.

Reference Books

• Khosla , B. D.; Garg, V. C . & Gula ti, A. Senior Practical Physical Ch em istry , R.Chan d & Co.: New

Delh i (2011 ).

• Garland, C . W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoema ker, D. P . Experim ents in Phy sical Chemistry8 th Ed.;

McGra w-Hill: New York (2003).

• Halpern, A . M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed .; W.H.Freeman & Co.:

New York (2003).

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SEMESTER - II

CORE – III (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 1)


UNIT – I

Basics of Organic Chemistry (10 Le cture s)

Organic Compounds:Cla ssification, an d Nomenclature, Hybrid iz ation , Shapes of molecules, Influen ce

of hybridiz ation on bond properties.

Electronic Displacements: Inductive, elec tromeric, resonance and mesomeric

effects,hyperconjugation and th eir a pplications; D ipole momen t; Orga nic acids a nd a ses; theirrelative

strength.

Homolytic a nd Heterolytic fission with suita ble exa mples. Curly arrow rules, formal

charges;Electroph iles and Nucleoph iles; Nucleophlic ity an d basicity; Types, sh ape and th eir

relativestability of C arboca tions, Ca rban ions, Free radica ls and Carbenes.

In troduction to types of organ ic rea ctions a nd their m echanism: Addition, Elimin ation

an dSubstitution reaction s.

UNIT - II

Stereochemistry: (14 Le cture s)

Fischer Project ion, Newma nn an d Sawh orse Projection formula e a nd their

in terconversion s;Geometrical isomerism: c is–tran s an d, syn-an ti isomerism E/Z nota tions with C.I.P

rules.Op tical Isomerism:Optical Activity, Specific Rota tion, Chirality/Asymmetry,

Enantiomers,Molecules w ith two or more chira l-cen tres, Distereoisomers, meso structures,

Racemicmixture a nd resolution . Relative a nd a bsolute configuration: D/L and R/S design ation s.

UNIT - III

Chemistry of A liphatic Hydrocarbons (20 Le cture s)

A. Carbon-Carbon sigma bonds Chemistry of a lkan es: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Rea ction, Wurtz -Fittig Reaction s, Freera dical

substitutions: Halogen ation -relative rea ctivity an d selec tiv ity.

B. Carbon-Carbon pi bonds:

Forma tion of alkenes and alkynes by elimina tion reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2,

E1cbreactions.Saytzeff an d Hofma nn elimina tions.

Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/ An tiMa rkown ikoff

addition ), mech an ism of ox ymercura tion -demercura tion, hydrobora tionoxida tion,oz onolysis,

reduction (cata lytic a nd ch emical), syn a nd anti-hydrox ylation (oxida tion). 1,2 -and 1 ,4 -addition

reactions in conjugated dienes an d, Diels-Alder reaction ;Allylic a nd benz ylic bromina tion a nd

mecha nism, e.g. propene, 1 -buten e, toluene, eth ylbenz ene.

Reactions of alkynes:Acidity, Electroph ilic an d Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to formca rbon yl

compounds, Alkyla tion of terminal alkynes.

UNIT - IV

Cycloalkanes and Conforma tional Ana lysis (16 Le cture s)

Types of cyc loalkanes an d th eir rela tive stability, Baeyer strain th eory, Conformationanalysis of

alkanes: Rela tive stability: En ergy dia grams of cyc lohexane: Cha ir, Boa t an dTwist boat forms;

Rela tiv e sta bility with en ergy diagra ms.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromaticity:Hückel’s rule, aroma tic character of aren es, cyclic ca rbocation s/ca rban ions

an dheterocyc lic compounds with suita ble exa mples. Electrophilic aroma tic

substitution:halogenation, n itration, sulphonation and Friedel-C ra ft’s alkyla tion/acylation with

th eirmecha nism. Direc ting effects of th e groups.

Reference Books:

• Morrison , R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorlin g Kindersley (In dia) Pvt. Ltd. (Pea rson

Educa tion).

• Fina r, I. L. Organic Ch em istry (Volume 1), D orling K in dersley (In dia) Pvt. Ltd. (Pea rson

Educa tion).

• Fina r, I. L. Org anic Ch em istry (Volume 2 : Stereochemistry and th e Chemistry of Natural Products),

Dorlin g Kindersley (In dia) Pvt. Ltd. (Pea rson Educa tion).

• Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Comp ound s, Wiley: London,1994 .

• Kalsi, P. S. Stereochemistry Conform ation and M echanism , New Age Interna tion al,2005 .

• McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. C en ga ge Lea rn in g India Edition, 2013.

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CORE – III (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Checking the ca libra tion of the th ermometer

2. Purification of organic compounds by crystalliz ation using the following solvents:

a. Water

b. Alcohol

c. Alcohol-Water

3. Determina tion of th e melting points of a bove compounds an d un kn own organ ic

compounds (Kjeldahl meth od and electr ica lly h ea ted melting point appara tus)

4. Effect of impurities on th e melt ing point – mixed melt ing point of two unknown organic

compounds

5. Determina tion of boiling point of liquid compoun ds. (boiling point lower than and more

th an 100 °C by distilla tion an d capillary meth od)

6. Chromatogra phy

a. Separa tion of a mixture of two amin o acids by ascen ding and h orizon tal paper

ch romatograph y

b. Separa tion of a mixture of two suga rs by a scending paper ch romatography

c. Sepa ra tion of a mixture of o-a nd p-n itroph en ol or o-an d p-aminoph en ol by

th in la yer chroma tography (TLC)

Reference Books

• Man n, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pea rson Education(2009 )

• Furniss, B.S.; Han na ford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatch ell, A.R. Practical OrganicCh emistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012)

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CORE – IV (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – 2)


UNIT – I (22 Le cture s)

Chemica l Thermodynamics - 1 :

In tensive a nd exten sive va ria bles; state and pa th functions; isola ted, clo sed an d open systems;zeroth

la w of th ermodynamics.

First law: Concept of h ea t, q, work, w, in tern al en ergy, U , and statement of first law ;entha lpy, H ,

relation betw een heat capacities, calculation s of q, w , U an d H for reversible, irreversible and free

ex pansion of ga ses (idea l a nd van der Waa ls) under isothermal andadiaba tic conditions.

Thermochemistry: Heats o f rea ctions: standard sta tes; en th alpy of forma tion of molecules a ndions an d entha lpy of combustion an d its applica tions; ca lcula tion of bond energy, bon ddissociation

en ergy a nd resonan ce en ergy from thermoch emical data , effect of tempera ture(Kirchh off’s equation s)

an d pressure on entha lpy of rea ctions. Adiabatic fla me tempera ture,ex plosion temperature.

Second Law: Con cept of entropy; thermodyna mic scale of temperature, sta tement of thesecond la w

of th ermodyn amics; molecular an d sta tistical in terpretation of en tropy.Ca lcula tion of en tropy chan ge

for rev ersible and irreversible processes.

UNIT – II (14 Le cture s)

Chemica l Thermodynamics - 2 :

Third Law: Sta tement of third la w, concept of residua l en tropy, ca lcula tion of a bsoluteentropy of

molecules.

Free Energy Functions: Gibbs a nd Helmholtz en ergy; varia tion of S, G, A with T, V, P; Freeen ergy

change an d spontaneity. Rela tion between Joule-Thomson coeffic ient a nd oth erthermodynamic

para meters; inversion temperature; Gibbs-Helmh oltz equa tion; Maxwell

relations; thermodyna mic equa tion of state.

Systems of Variable Composition:

Partial molar quantities, d epen dence of th ermodyna mic pa ra meters on composit ion ; Gibbs-D uhem

equation , chemica l potential of idea l mixtures, ch ange in thermodyna mic functions inmix ing of ideal

ga ses.

UNIT – III (10 Le cture s)

Chemica l Equilibrium:

Criteria of th ermodyn amic equilibrium, degree of a dvancemen t of reaction, chemica lequilibria in

idea l gases, con cept of fugacity.Thermodyna mic deriva tion of rela tion betw eenGibbs free energy of

reaction an d reaction quotient.Coupling of ex oergic and endoergicrea ctions.Equilib rium constants

an d th eir quantita tive dependence on temperature, pressurean d concentra tion. Free energy of mixing

an d spontaneity; th ermodynamic derivation ofrela tions between the various equilibrium constants

Kp, Kc and Kx. Le C ha telier principle(quantitative treatment); equilibrium between idea l ga ses and a

pure con densed pha se.

UNIT – IV (14 Le cture s)

Solutions and Colliga tive Properties:

Dilute solution s; lowering of va pour pressure, Ra oult’s and Hen ry’s Laws and th eira pplications.

Excess thermodyna mic function s.Thermodynamic derivation using chemical potentia l to derive

relations between th e fourcolligative properties -

(i) relative lowering of vapour pressure,

(ii) eleva tion of boiling point,

(iii) Depression of freez in g poin t,

(iv) osmotic pressure] a nd a mount of solute.

Applicationsin ca lcula tin g molar masses of n ormal, dissoc iated and associated so lutes in solution .

Reference Books

• Peter, A. & Paula, J. de. Physical Chemistry 10th Ed., Ox ford University Press (2014 ).

• Castellan , G. W. Phy sical Chemistry 4 th Ed., Narosa (2004 ).

• Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed ., Prentice-Ha ll (2012 ).

• McQuarrie, D. A. & S imon, J. D. Molecula r Th ermody namics V iva Books Pvt. Ltd.:New Delhi

(2004).

• Assa el, M. J.; Goodwin, A. R. H.; Stamatoudis, M.; Wa keham, W. A . & Will, S.Commonly Asked

Questions in Therm odynamics. CRC Press: NY (2011).

• Levine, I .N. Ph ysical Chemistry 6th Ed., Tata Mc Graw Hill (2 010).

• Metz, C.R. 2000 solv ed problem s in ch emistry , Schaum Series (2 00 6).

• Glasston e, S and Lewis , D Elem ents Of Phy sical Ch emistry

• Bha l , A and Tuli, G. D . Essentials of Ph ysical Chemistry

• Rakhit, P . C. Physical Chemistry

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CORE – IV (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

Thermochemistry

(a ) Determination of h ea t capacity of a calorimeter for different volumes usin g ch an ge of

en th alpy data of a known system (m ethod of back calculation of heat capa city of ca lorimeter

from known en thalpy of solution or enthalpy of n eutraliza tion).

(b) Determination of h ea t capacity of the ca lorimeter a nd entha lpy of neutralization of

hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.

(c) C alcula tion of th e entha lpy of ionization of eth an oic acid.

(d) Determination of h ea t capacity of the calorimeter a nd integral en th alpy (endothermic a nd

ex othermic) solution of salts.

(e) D etermina tion of basicity/protic ity of a polyprotic acid by the th ermochemica l method in

terms of the changes of tempera tures observed in th e gra ph of temperature versu s t ime for

different addition s of a base. Also ca lculate the en th alpy of n eutraliza tion of the first step.

(f) D etermina tion of enthalpy of h ydra tion of copper sulph ate.

(g) S tudy of the solubility of benz oic a cid in wa ter and determina tion of ∆H .

Reference Books

• Khosla , B. D.; Garg, V. C . & Gula ti, A., Senior Practical Phy sical Ch em istry , R.Chan d & Co.: New Delh i (2011 ).

• Athawale, V. D. & Mathur, P . Exp erimental Phy sical Chemistry New AgeIntern ationa l: New

Delh i (2001 ).

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SEMESTER - III

CORE – V (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 2)


UNIT – I

General Principle s of Metallurgy (14 Le cture s)

Chief modes of occurrenc e of metals based on standa rd electrode potentials. Ellin gham diagrams

forreduction of metal ox ides using carbon a nd ca rbon monox ide a s reducing a gent.

ElectrolyticReduction, Hydrometallurgy. Methods of purifica tion of metals: Electrolytic Kroll

process, Pa rtingprocess, va n Arkel-de Boer process an d Mon d’s process, Zon e refin ing.

Acids and Base s

Brönsted-Lowry concept of acid-ba se reaction s, solvated proton , relative strength of acids,ty pes of

acid-base rea ction s, levelling solvents, Lewis acid-ba se con cept, C la ssification ofLewis a cids, Ha rd

an d Soft Acids an d Ba ses (HSAB) Application of HSAB principle.

UNIT – II

Chemistry of s and p Block Elements -1 : (14 Le cture s)

In ert pair effect, Relative sta bility of differen t ox idation states, d ia gona l relation sh ip a ndanoma lous

behaviour of first memb er of each group. Allotropy and catenation .C omplexforma tion tenden cy of s

an d p block elements.

UNIT - III

Chemistry of s and p Block Elements -2 : (16 Le cture s)

Hydrides and th eir classifica tion ion ic, cova lent an d interstitial.Basic b eryllium aceta te

an dnitra te.Study of the followin g compounds with empha sis on structure, bondin g,

preparation,properties a nd uses.Boric acid and borates, boron nitrid es, borohydrides (diborane)

ca rboran es a nd graphiticcompounds, sila nes, O xides an d oxoacids of nitrogen, Phosphorus and

ch lorin e.Peroxo a cidsof sulphur, interh alogen compoun ds, polyhalide ions, p seudoha logens and

ba sic properties ofhalogens.

UNIT - IV Noble Gases: (16 Le cture s)

Occurren ce an d uses, rationa lization of inertness of n oble gases, Clathrates; preparation

an dproperties of XeF2 , XeF4 a nd XeF6; Nature of bonding in n oble gas compounds (Valencebond

treatmen t a nd MO treatment for XeF2 ). Molecular sha pes of noble gas compounds(VSEPR theory).

Inorganic Polymers:

Types of inorgan ic polymers, compa rison with organic polymers, syn th esis, structural aspectsand

application s of silicones an d silox an es.Bora zines, silica tes a nd phosphaz en es, a ndpolysulpha tes.

Reference Books:

• Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry , ELBS, 1991 .

• Douglas, B.E; Mc D an iel, D.H. & Alexa nder, J.J. Concepts & Models ofInorg anic Ch emistry 3 rd

Ed., John Wiley Sons, N.Y. 1994 .

• Greenwood, N.N. & Earnsha w. Chemistry of the Elem ents, Butterworth-Heinema nn. 1997 .

• Cotton , F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Adv anced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, V CH, 1999 .

• Rodger, G.E. Inorg anic and Solid State Chemistry, Cen ga ge Lea rn ing India Edition , 2002.

• Miessler, G. L. & Dona ld, A. Ta rr. Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed., Pea rson , 2010.

• Atkin, P. Shriver & Atkins’ Inorg anic Ch emistry 5 th Ed. Ox ford University Press(2010 ).

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CORE – V (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

(A ) Iodo / Iodime tric Titra tions (i) Est imation of C u(II) a nd K2Cr2O7 using sodium th iosulph ate solution(Iodimetrica lly ).

(ii) E stimation of (i) arsenite a nd (ii) antimon y in tarta r-emetic iod imetrically

(iii) Est ima tion of available chlorine in blea ch in g powder iodometrica lly.

(B) Inorganic prepa ra tions

(i) Cuprous C hloride, Cu2Cl2

(ii) Prepa ra tion of Mangan ese(III) phospha te, Mn PO4.H2O

(iii) Preparation of Alumin ium pota ssium sulpha te KAl(SO4 )2.12 H2O (Potash alum) orCh rome a lum.

Reference Books:

Men dha m, J., A . I. V og el’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pea rson, 2009.

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CORE – VI (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 2)


UNIT - I

Chemistry of H alogenated Hydrocarbons: (16 Le cture s)

Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation , nucleoph ilic substitution reactions – SN1, SN2 and

SNimech anisms with stereo ch emical a spects an d effect of so lvent etc.; n ucleophilic substitutionvs.

elimin ation .

Aryl halides: Preparation, including prepa ration from diaz on ium sa lts. n ucleophilic

aroma ticsubstitution; SNAr, Benz yne mechanism.Relative reactiv ity of alkyl, a llyl/benzyl, vin yl a nd

aryl halides towa rds nucleoph ilic substitution reactions.Organ ometallic compounds of Mg and Li –

Use in synthesis of organ ic compounds.

UNIT – II

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethe rs and Epoxides: (16 Le cture s)

Alcohols: prepa ration, properties an d relative reactiv ity of 1°, 2°, 3°alcohols, Bouvaelt-

Blan cReduction ; Prepa ration and properties of glycols: Ox idation by periodic a cid and

leadtetra acetate, Pinacol-Pina colone rearra ngement;

Phenols: Prepa ra tion and properties; Acidity a nd factors effecting it, R ing substitutionrea ctions,

Reimer–Tieman n an d Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries an d Claisen rearrangemen ts with mech an ism;

Ethers and Epoxides: Prepa ra tion and reaction s with a cids. Rea ctions of epoxides with alcohols,

ammonia derivatives a nd LiAlH4

UNIT - III

Carbonyl Compounds: (14 Le cture s)

Structure, reactiv ity an d prepa ra tion;Nucleophilic addition s, Nucleophilic addition-elimin ation

reactions with ammonia deriva tives with mechanism; Mecha nisms of A ldol and Benzoin

condensation , Knoevena gelcon densation, Claisen -Sch midt, Perk in, C annizzaro and Wittig reaction,

Beckmann an dBenz il-Benz ilic a cid rea rran gemen ts, h aloform rea ction and Baeyer Villiger oxida tion,

α-substitution rea ctions, oxida tion s and reductions (Clemmen sen, Wolff-K ish ner, LiAlH4,Na BH4,

MPV, PDC and PGC);Addition reactions of un sa tura ted ca rbon yl compounds: Michael

addition .Active meth ylen e compounds: Keto-enol ta utomerism. Preparation and synthetic

application sof dieth yl malonate a nd ethyl acetoacetate.

UNIT - IV

Carboxylic Acids and their De rivatives: (14 Le cture s)

Preparation, physica l properties a nd reactions of monoca rbox ylic a cids: Typica l reactions

ofdica rbox ylic acids, hydrox y acids a nd un sa turated a cids: succinic/phthalic, lactic, malic,tartaric,

citric, maleic and fumaric acids;Prepa ra tion and reactions of acid ch lorides, anhydrides, esters a nd

amides; Comparativestudy of n ucleophilic sustitution at acyl group -Mecha nism of acidic and

alka lin e h ydrolysisof esters, C la isen conden sa tion, Dieckmann and Reforma tsky rea ctions,

Hofma nnbromamidedegra da tion and Curtius rea rrangemen t.

Sulphur containing compounds:

Preparation and rea ction s of thiols, thioeth ers a nd sulph on ic acids.

Reference Books:

• Morrison , R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorlin g Kindersley (In dia) Pvt.Ltd. (Pea rson

Educa tion).

• Fina r, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India ) Pvt. Ltd.(Pea rson

Educa tion).

• Graha m Solomon s, T.W. Org anic Ch em istry , John Wiley & Sons, In c.


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CORE – VI (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Fun ctional group tests for alcoh ols, ph en ols, ca rbon yl an d ca rbox ylic acid group.

2. Organ ic preparation s:

i. Acetylation of on e of th e following compounds: a mines (aniline, o-, m-, ptoluidin esan d o-, m -, p-

an isidine) a nd ph en ols (β-naph th ol, van illin, sa licylica cid) by a ny one method:

a. Usin g conven tional meth od. b. Usin g green approa ch

ii. Ben zolyation of on e of th e following a mines (aniline, o-, m-, p- toluidines an d o-,m-, p-a nisidin e)

an d on e of th e following phenols (β-naphthol, resorcin ol, pcresol)by Sch otten-Baumann reaction.

iii. O xida tion of etha nol/ isopropanol (Iodoform rea ction).

iv. Bromination of any one of th e following:

a. Acetanilide by conven tional meth ods

b. Acetanilide using green approa ch (Bromate-bromid e meth od)

v. Nitration of any one of the following:

a. Acetanilide/nitrobenz en e by conventional method

b. Sa licylic acid by green approach (usin g ceric ammonium n itrate).

vi. Select ive reduction of metadinitrobenzene to m -n itroanilin e.

vii. Reduction of p -n itrobenzaldehyde by sodium borohydride.

viii. Hydro lysis of a mides an d esters.

ix . Semica rbaz on e of any one of the following compoun ds: aceton e, eth yl meth ylketone,

cycloh ex an on e, benza ldehyde.

x. S-Benzylisothiouronium salt of one each of water soluble and water in so luble a cids(benzoic acid,

oxalic acid, phenyl a cetic a cid a nd phtha lic acid).

xi. A ldol condensation using either conven tional or green meth od.

xii. Benz il-Benz ilic a cid rea rran gement.

The above derivatives sh ould be prepared usin g 0.5 -1 g of the organ ic compound. The solid

sa mples must b e collected an d may be used for recrystalliz ation, melting point an d TLC .

Reference Books


• Furniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P .W.G. & Ta tchell, A.R. Practical O rg anicCh em istry , 5 th

Ed. Pearson (2012 )

• Ahluwalia, V.K. & A ggarwal, R. Comprehensiv e Practical Organic Ch em istry :Prep aration and

Quantitativ e Analy sis, Un iversity Press (2 000).

• Ahluwalia, V .K . & Dhin gra, S . Comp reh ensive Practical Organic Ch em istry : QualitativeAnalysis,

University Press (2000 ).

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CORE – VII (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – 3)


UNIT - I

Phase Equilibria: (14 Le cture s)

Con cept of pha ses, components a nd degrees of freedom, deriva tion of Gibbs Phase Rule

forn on reactive a nd reactive systems; Clausius-Clapeyron equa tion and its applica tion s to

solidliquid, liquid-va pour and solid-vapour equilibria , phase dia gram for one component

systems,with a pplications.Phase diagra ms for systems of solid-liquid equilibria involving eutectic,

congruent and

in congruen t melting points, solid solution s.Th ree component systems, water-ch loroform-a cetic acid

system, tria ngular plots.

UNIT - II

Binary solutions: (14 Le cture s)

Gibbs-Duh em-Ma rgules equation , its deriva tion and a pplications tofractiona l distillation of bina ry

iscib le liquids (ideal and n on idea l), az eotropes, lever ru le,pa rtial misc ibility of liquid s, CST, miscible

pairs, steam distillation.Nern st distr ibution law : its derivation and a pplica tions.

UNIT -III

Chemica l Kine tics (18 Le cture s)

Order and molecula rity of a reaction, ra te laws in terms of the advan cement of a reaction ,differential

an d in tegrated form of rate ex pressions up to second order rea ction s, experimen ta lmethods of the

determin ation of rate laws, kin etics of complex reactions (integra ted rateexpression s up to first order

only): (i) Opposin g rea ctions (ii) parallel reactions a nd (iii)consecutive rea ction s an d their differential

ra te equation s (steady-state a pprox imation inrea ction mechanisms) ( iv) cha in reactions.Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation en ergy. Collisiontheory of rea ction

ra tes, Lin demann mecha nism, qualitative treatment of th e theory ofabsolute reaction rates.

UNIT - IV Cata lysis: (14 Le cture s)

Types of ca ta lyst, spec ificity an d selectivity, mech an isms of catalyzed reactions at solidsurfaces; effect

of particle size an d effic iency of n anopa rticles as catalysts.En zyme ca ta lysis,Micha elis-Menten

mecha nism, a cid-ba se ca ta lysis.

Surface chemistry:

Physical adsorption , chemisorption, adsorption isotherms.na ture of adsorbed sta te.

Reference Books:

• Peter Atkin s & Julio De Pa ula , Physical Chemistry 10 th Ed., Oxford University Press(2014 ).

• Castellan , G. W. Phy sical Chemistry, 4th Ed., Na rosa (2004).

• McQuarrie, D. A. & S imon, J. D., Molecular Th ermody namics, V iva Books Pvt. Ltd.:New Delhi

(2004).


• Assa el, M. J.; Goodwin, A. R. H.; Stamatoudis, M.; Wa keham, W. A . & Will, S.Commonly Asked

Questions in Therm odynamics. CRC Press: NY (2011).

• Zundhal, S .S. Chemistry concepts and applications Cen ga ge India (2011).

• Ball, D . W. Physical Ch em istry Cen ga ge India (2012).

• Mortimer, R. G. Phy sical Ch emistry 3 rd Ed ., Elsevier: NOIDA, UP (2009 ).

• Levine, I. N. Ph ysical Chemistry 6th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill (2011 ).

• Metz, C. R. Phy sical Ch emistry 2 nd Ed., Ta ta McGraw -Hill (2 009).

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CORE – VII (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

I. Determin ation of critical solution tempera ture an d composit ion of th e ph en ol-watersystem an d to

study the effect of impurit ies on it.

II. Pha se equilib ria: Construction of th e phase dia gram using coolin g curves or ignit iontube meth od:

a. simple eutectic an d b. congruently melt ing systems.

III. Distribution of a cetic/ benz oic a cid between wa ter and cycloh exan e.

IV . S tudy the equilib rium of at lea st one of th e following reactions by the distribution

method:

(i) I2(a q) + I- → I3 - (a q)

(ii) Cu 2+(aq) + nNH3 →[Cu(NH3)n]2+(a q)

V. S tudy th e kinetic s of the followin g rea ctions.

1. In itial ra te meth od: Iodide-persulph ate rea ction

2. In tegrated ra te meth od:

a. Acid h ydrolysis of methyl aceta te with h ydrochloric a cid.

b. Sa pon ification of ethyl a cetate.

3. Compare the strengths of HC l a nd H2 SO4 by studying kin etics of h ydrolysis of methyla cetate.

VI. Adsorption Verify th e Freundlich an d Langmuir isotherms for a dsorption of acetic a cid onactivated charcoal.

Reference Books:


Delh i (2011 ).




New York (2003).

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SEMESTER - IV

CORE – VIII (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 3)


UNIT – I

Coordination Chemistry-1 : (15 Le cture s) Werner’s theory, va lence bon d th eory (inn er and outer orbital complex es), electron eutralityprin ciple

an d ba ck bonding. Crystal field theory, mea surement of 10 Dq (∆o), CFSE in weakand strong fields,

pairing en ergies, factors affecting the magn itude of 10 Dq (∆o, ∆t).Octahedral vs. tetra hedral

coordina tion, tetragonal distortions from octah edra l geometryJahn -Teller th eorem, square planar geometry.

UNIT - II

Coordination Chemistry-2 : (11 Le cture s)

Qua litative a spect of Ligan d field a nd MO Theory.IUPAC nomen clature of coordination compounds,

isom erism in coordin ation compounds.Stereoch emistry of complex es with 4 an d 6 coordination

numbers. C hela te effect,polynuclear complex es, Labile a nd inert complexes.

Lanthanoids and Actinoids: (6 Lectures)

Electronic configuration , ox idation states, colour, sp ectral a nd ma gnetic properties,la nthanide

contra ction , separation of lan than ides (ion-ex ch ange method only).

UNIT – III

Transition Elements: (16 Le cture s)

Gen eral group tren ds with spec ia l reference to electron ic con figuration, colour, va ria blevalency,

magnetic a nd catalytic properties, a bility to form complex es. S ta bility of variousox idation sta tes a nd

e.m.f. (La timer & Bsworth diagrams).Difference between the first,second a nd third tra nsition series.

Chemistry of Ti, V , Cr Mn, Fe and Co in va rious oxida tion states (ex cludin g theirmeta llurgy)

UNIT - IV

Bioinorganic Chemistry: (12 Le cture s)

Metal ions present in biologica l systems, classifica tion of elemen ts a ccordin g to their a ct ion in

biologica l system. Geochemical effec t on the distr ibution of meta ls.Sodium / K -pump,ca rbonic

an hydra se an d ca rbox ypeptida se. Excess an d deficiency of some trace meta ls.Tox icity of m etal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), rea sons for toxicity, Use of ch ela ting agents inmedic ine.Iron and its applic ation

in bio-sy stems, Haemoglob in ; S torage an d tran sfer of iron.

Reference Books:

• Purcell, K.F & Kotz, J.C. Inorg anic Chemistry W.B. Sa un ders Co, 1977 .

• Huh eey, J.E., Inorganic Chemistry, Pren tice Ha ll, 1993.

• Lippard, S.J. & Berg, J.M. Principles o f Bio inorg anic Chemistry Panima PublishingCompan y 1994.

• Cotton , F.A. & Wilkinson, G, Adv anced Inorganic Chemistry Wiley-VCH, 1 999

• Basolo, F, and Pea rson , R.C . Mech anisms of Inorg anic Chemistry, John Wiley &Sons, NY, 1 967.

• Greenwood, N.N. & Earnsha w A. Chemistry of the Elements, Butterworth-Heinema nn, 1997 .

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CORE – VIII (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

Gravime tric Analysis:

i. Est ima tion of nickel (II) using dimethylglyoxime (DMG).

ii. Estima tion of copper a s CuSCN

iii. E stimation of iron as Fe2O3 by precipita tin g iron as Fe(OH)3.

iv. Est imation of Al (III) by precip ita ting with oxine and weighing a s Al(ox in e)3 (a luminiumoxina te).

Inorganic Preparations: i. Tetra amminecopper (II) sulph ate, [C u(NH3)4]SO4.H2O

ii. Cis an d trans K[Cr(C2O4)2. (H2O )2] Potassium diox alatodiaquachroma te (III)

iii. Tetraammin ecarbona tocoba lt (III) ion

iv. Potassium tr is(ox alate)ferrate(III)

Chroma tography of metal ions Prin ciples involved in ch romatograph ic sepa ra tions. Paper chromatogra ph ic sepa ra tion of

following metal ions:

i. Ni (II) an d Co (II) ii. Fe (III) a nd A l (III)

Reference Book:

Men dha m, J., A . I. V og el’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pea rson, 2009.

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CORE – IX (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 3)


UNIT – I

Nitrogen Conta ining Functional Groups (18 Le cture s)

Preparation and important reactions of n itro an d compounds, nitriles an d ison itr ilesA min es: Effect of

substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation a nd properties: Gabrielphthalimide syn th esis,

Carbylamine reaction, Mann ich rea ction, Hoffman n’s exhaustivem ethyla tion, Hofmann-elimin ation

reaction; Dist in ction between 1 °, 2°an d 3°amin es withH in sberg rea gent and n itrous acid.Diaz onium

Sa lts: Prepara tion and th eir syn th etic a pplica tions.

UNIT - II

Polynuclea r Hydrocarbons (16 Le cture s)

Reaction s of naph thalene phenan th rene an d an th ra cene Structure, Preparation and

structureeluc idation and important deriva tives of naphtha lene and an th racene;

Polynuclea rh ydroca rbon s.

Heterocyclic Compounds-1

Classification an d nomencla ture, Structure, a romaticity in 5 -numbered and 6 -membered

ringscon taining one heteroa tom; Synthesis, reactions a nd mechanism of substitution reactions

of:Furan , Pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Kn orr pyrrole synthesis, Ha ntzsch syn thesis),Th iophene,

Pyridine (Ha ntzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine.

UNIT – III

Heterocyclic Compounds -2 (14 Le cture s)

Structure elucida tion of in dole,F ischer in dole synthesis a nd Madelun g syn th esis), Structure

eluc idation of quinoline an disoquin oline, Skra up syn thesis, Friedla nder’s synthesis, Kn orr quinoline

synthesis, D oebner-Miller synthesis, Bisch ler-Napiera lski rea ction , Pictet-Spengler reaction,

Pomeranz-Fritsch reactionDerivatives of furan: Furfural an d furoic a cid.

UNIT - IV

Alkaloids (12 Le cture s)

Natural occurrence, Gen eral structura l fea tures, Isola tion and their ph ysiological actionHoffmann’s

ex ha ustive m ethyla tion, Emde’s modifica tion, S tructure elucidation andsynthesis of Hygrine a nd

Nicotine. Medic in al importance of Nicotine, Hygrin e, Quin in e,Morph ine, Coca in e, an d Reserpin e.

Terpenes

Occurren ce, c la ssification, isopren e rule; Elucidation of structure an d synthesis of C itral, G eral an d α-

terpineol.

Reference Books:

• Morrison , R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorlin g Kindersley (In dia)Pvt. Ltd. (Pea rson

Educa tion).

• Fina r, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India ) Pvt. Ltd.(Pea rson

Educa tion).

• Fina r, I. L. O rg anic Ch emistry (Volume 2 : Stereoch em istry and th e Ch emistry ofNatural Products),


• Ach eson , R .M. Introduction to th e Ch em istry of Heterocyclic compounds, JohnWelly & Son s (1976 ).


• McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. C en ga ge Lea rn in gIndia Edition, 2013.

• Kalsi, P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New Age Interna tiona l (P)Ltd. Pub.

• Clayden , J.; Greev es, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P .; Organic Chemistry, OxfordU niversity Press.

• Singh, J.; Ali, S.M. & S ingh , J. Natural Product Chemistry, Praja ti Pa ra ka shan (2010).

CORE – IX (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Detection of extra elements.

2. Fun ctional group test for n itro, amine an d amide groups.

3. Qualita tive ana lysis of unknown organic compounds containing simple fun ction algroups

(a lcohols, carboxylic a cids, phenols and ca rbon yl compounds)

Reference Books


• Furniss, B.S.; Han na ford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatch ell, A.R. Practical OrganicCh emistry, 5th Ed.,

Pearson (2012)



• Ahluwalia, V .K . & Dhin gra, S . Comp reh ensive Practical Organic Ch em istry :Qualitative Analysis,


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CORE – X (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – 4)


UNIT – I

Conductance -1 (16 Le cture s)

Arrhenius th eory of electrolytic dissoc iation.Conductivity, equivalent a nd mola r conductivityand

th eir va ria tion with dilution for weak an d strong electrolytes.Molar conductivity atinfin ite

dilution.Kohlra usch law of in dependent migration of ions.Deby e-Hück el-Onsagerequa tion , Wien

effect, Debye-Falken hagen effect, Walden’s rules. Ionic v elocities, mobilit ies a nd their determin ations,

tran sference numbers and their relationto ion ic mobilities, determin ation of tran sference numbers

usin g Hittorf an d Movin gBounda ry methods.

UNIT – II

Conductance -2 (16 Le cture s)

Applications of con ductan ce measuremen t: (i) d egree of dissoc iation ofweak electrolytes, (ii) ionic

product of water (iii) solubility a nd solubility product ofspa ringly soluble salts, (iv) conductometric

titra tions, a nd (v) hydrolysis constants of salts.

Electrica l & Magne tic Prope rties of A toms and Mole cule s

Basic ideas of electro statics, Electrosta tic s of dielectric media, C lausius-Mosotti equation,Loren z-

Laurentz equation, Dipole moment an d molecula r polariza bilit ies and

th eirmea surements.Diama gn etism, parama gn etism, ma gn etic susceptibility a nd its

mea surement,molecular in terpretation .

UNIT – III

Electrochemistry (12 Le cture s)

Qua ntita tive aspects of Fa rada y’s law s of elec troly sis, rules of oxida tion/reduction of ionsba sed on

ha lf-cell potentials, applica tion s of electrolysis in m etallurgy a nd industry.Ch emical cells, rev ersible

an d irrev ersible c ells with examples.

Qua litative discussion of poten tiometrict itrations (a cid-base, redox, precipita tion).

UNIT – IV Electrochemistry (16 Le cture s)

Electromotive force of a c ellan d its measuremen t, Nernst equation; Stan dard electrode (reduction)

potential a nd itsa pplica tion to differen t kin ds of ha lf-cells. Applica tion of EMF mea suremen ts in

determin in g(i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell rea ction, (ii) equilibrium constants, a nd (iii) pHvalues, usin g hydrogen, quin on e-hydroquinone, glass and SbO/Sb2O3 electrodes.Concen tration

cells with an d with out transference, liquid junction potentia l; determination ofa ctivity coefficien ts

an d tran sference numbers.

Reference Books:

• Atkins, P .W & Pa ula , J.D . Phy sical Chemistry, 10 th Ed., Oxford Un iversity Press(2014 ).

• Castellan , G. W. Phy sical Chemistry 4 th Ed., Narosa (2004 ).

• Mortimer, R. G. Phy sical Ch emistry 3 rd Ed ., Elsevier: NOIDA, UP (2009 ).

• Barrow, G. M., Physical Chemistry 5th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill: New D elhi (2 006).


• Rogers, D. W. Concise Physical Chemistry Wiley (2010 ).

• Silbey, R. J.; Alb erty, R . A. & Ba wen di, M. G. Phy sical Ch em istry 4 th Ed ., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2005).

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CORE – X (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

Conductome try

I. Determin ation of cell con stan t

II. D etermina tion of equivalen t conductance, degree of dissociation and dissocia tion consta nt of a

wea k acid.

III. P erform the following conductometric t itrations:

i. Strong acid vs. stron g ba se

ii. W ea k acid vs. strong base

iii. Mix ture of strong a cid and weak acid vs. stron g ba se

iv. S trong a cid vs. wea k ba se

Potentiometry

I Perform the fo llowin g potentiometric titration s:

i. Strong acid vs. stron g ba se

ii. W ea k acid vs. strong base

iii. D ibasic acid vs. strong base

iv. Potassium dich romate vs. Moh r's salt

Reference Books:


Delh i (2011 ).




New York (2003).

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SEMESTER - V

CORE – XI (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 4)


UNIT – I

Amino Acids, Peptides and Prote ins (16 Le cture s)

Amino acids, Peptides and their classifica tion.α-Amino Acids - Syn th esis, ion ic properties and

reactions. Zwitterion s, pKa values,isoelectric point an d electrophoresis;S tudy of peptides:

determin ation of their prima ry structures-end group ana lysis, methods ofpeptide syn th esis.

Synthesis of peptides usin g N-protecting, C -protecting a nd C-activa tin ggroups -Solid-pha se

synthesis.

UNIT – II

Nucle ic Acids (17 Le cture s) Compon en ts of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides;Structure, syn th esis and rea ction s of:

Adenine, Guan ine, Cytosin e, Ura cil an d Thymine;Structure of polynucleotides.

Enzymes

In troduction, classifica tion and characterist ic s of enzymes. Sa lient features of active site ofenzymes.

Mecha nism of enzyme a ction (takin g trypsin as exa mple), fa ctors affecting enz yme action ,coenzymes

an d cofactors and their role in biological rea ction s, specificity of enz yme action(including

stereospecific ity), enz yme in hibitors an d th eir importa nce, phenomen on ofinh ibition (competitive,

uncompetitiv e an d non-competit ive in hibit ion including a llostericin hibit ion).

UNIT – III

Lipids (14 Le cture s) In troduction to oils an d fa ts; common fatty acids present in oils and fa ts, Hydrogenntion offats and

oils, Sa pon ification va lue, acid va lue, iodin e number. Reversion and ran cidity.

Concept of Ene rgy in Bio-systems

Cells obtain en ergy by th e ox idation of foodstuff (organic molecules).Introduction to meta bolism

(catabolism, anabolism).ATP: Th e un iversal currency of cellu la r en ergy, ATP hydrolysis and free

en ergy cha nge.Agents for tra nsfer of electrons in biolog ical redox systems: NAD+, FAD.Conversion

of food to energy: Outlin e of ca ta bolic pathwa ys of carbohydra te- glycolysis, fermen ta tion, K rebs

cycle.Ov erview of catabolic pa thways of fat an d protein .Interrela tion sh ip in the meta bolic pathwa ys

of protein, fat a nd carbohydrate.Caloric va lue of food, stan da rd caloric con tent of food types.

UNIT - IV Pha rmaceutica l Compounds: Structure and Importance (13 Le cture s)

Classification , structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Pa racetamol (with

synthesis),An algesic s: Ibuprofen (with syn th esis), Antimala rials: Chloroquin e (with syn thesis).

Anelementary treatment of An tibiotic s an d deta iled study of chlora mph enicol, Medicin al valuesof

curcumin (ha ldi), azadirachtin (neem), v ita min C and an ta cid (ranitidine).

Reference Books:

• Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. & Stryer, L. (2 006) Biochemistry. 6th Ed. W.H. Freema nand Co.

• Nelson , D.L., C ox, M.M. & Lehn in ger, A.L. (2009) Principles of Bioch emistry. IVEd ition. W.H.

Freeman and Co.

• Murra y, R.K., Gra nner, D.K., Mayes, P .A . & Rodwell, V.W. (2009) H arper’sIllustrated Biochemistry. XXV III edit ion. Lange Medica l Books/ McGra w-Hill.

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CORE – XI (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Estima tion of glycin e by Sorenson ’s formalin method.

2. Study of th e titration curve of glycin e.

3. Estima tion of proteins by Lowry’s method.

4. Study of th e action of salivary a mylase on sta rch at optimum conditions.

5. Effect of temperature on th e action of salivary a mylase.

6. Sa pon ification va lue of an oil or a fa t.

7. Determina tion of Iodine number of an oil/ fa t.

8. Isola tion and characteriz ation of DNA from onion/ cauliflow er/peas.

Reference Books:

• Man ual of Biochemistry Workshop, 2012 , Depa rtment of C hemistry, Un iversityof D elhi.

• Arth ur, I. V. Quantitative Org anic Analysis, Pearson.

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CORE – XII (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – 5)


UNIT – I

Quantum Chemistry (18 Le cture s)

Postulates of quan tum mecha nics, quan tum mecha nica l operators, Schrödin ger equa tion andits

application to free particle an d “particle-in -a -box” (rigorous treatmen t), qua ntiza tion ofen ergy levels,

zero-point energy an d Heisenberg Un certain ty principle; wa vefunctions,proba bility distr ibution

functions, noda l properties, Ex tension to tw o an d th ree dimensiona lbox es, separation of va ria bles,

degenera cy.Q ualitative treatment of simple ha rmonic oscilla tor model of vibration al motion: Setting

upof Schrödinger equa tion and discussion of solution and wavefun ction s. V ibra tiona l en ergy

ofdiatomic molecules an d zero-point en ergy.Angular momentum: Commutation rules, qua ntization

of square of total angular momentumand z -component.Rigid rota tor model of rotation of diatomic

molecule.Sch rödinger equa tion, transforma tion tosph erical polar coordina tes.Separation of

va riables.Sph erica l ha rmonics.Discu ssion ofsolution .

Qua litative trea tment of h ydrogen atom and h ydrogen -like ions: sett in g up of Schrödingerequation

in sph erica l pola r coordin ates, radia l pa rt, qua ntiza tion of en ergy (only fina l energyexpression).

Avera ge an d most proba ble distances of elec tron from n ucleus.Sett ing up of Schrödin ger equation for

man y-electron atoms (He, Li). Need forapprox imation meth ods. Statemen t of va riation theorem and

application to simple systems(particle-in -a -box , harmon ic oscillator, h ydrogen atom).

UNIT – II Chemica l bonding: (16 Le cture s)

Covalent bondin g, valen ce bond and molecula r orbita l approa ches,LCAO-MO treatmen t of

H2+.Bondin g an d an tibonding orbitals.Qua litative extension to H2.Compa rison of LCAO-MO and VB

treatmen ts of H2 (only wavefun ctions, detailed solutionn ot required) a nd th eir limitations.

Refinements of th e two approa ch es (C onfigura tionInteraction for MO , ion ic term s in VB).Qua litative

desc ription of LCAO-MO treatment ofhomonuclear and heteronuclea r dia tomic mo lecules (HF, LiH).

Localised an d n on -localisedmolecular orbita ls trea tment of tr iatomic (BeH2, H2O ) molecules.

Qua litative MO th eory a ndits a pplication to AH2 type molecules.

Molecular Spectroscopy-1 In teraction of electromagnetic radia tion with molecules a nd va rious types of spectra; Born-

Oppenheimer approx imation.Rotation spectroscopy: Select ion rules, in tensities of spectra l lines,

determin ation of bondlength s of dia tomic and linear tria tomic molecules, isotopic

substitution.Vibra tional spectroscopy: C la ssica l equa tion of vibration, computation of force

constant,amplitude of diatomic molecula r vibra tion s, anha rmonicity, Morse potential,

dissoc iationenergies, fundamental frequencies, overton es, hot ba nds, degrees of freedo m for

polyatomicmolecules, mod es of v ibration, concept of group frequencies. V ibra tion-

rota tionspectroscopy: diatomic vibrating rota tor, P, Q, R branches.

UNIT – III

Molecular Spectroscopy -2 (14 Le cture s)

Raman spectro scopy: Qualita tiv e trea tmen t of Rotationa l Ra man effect; Effect of n uclearspin,

Vibrationa l Rama n spectra, Stokes a nd anti-S tokes lin es; their in tensity differen ce, ruleof mutual

ex clusion.

Electronic sp ectro scopy: Fra nck-Condon prin ciple, electron ic transitions, sin glet a nd tripletstates,

fluorescence a nd ph osphorescence, dissocia tion and predissociation , ca lculation ofelectronic

tran sitions of poly en es u sing free electron model.

Nuclea r Magnetic Resonan ce (NMR) spectroscopy: Principles of NMR spectroscopy,

Larmorprecession , ch emical sh ift a nd low resolution spectra , different scales, spin-spin coupling

an dhigh resolution spectra , interpreta tion of PMR spectra of organic molecules.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy: Its princip le, hyperfine structure, ESR ofsimple

ra dica ls.

UNIT – IV

Photochemistry (12 Le cture s) Cha ra cteristic s of electromagnetic ra diation, La mbert-Beer’s law an d its limitations,

physicalsignifican ce of absorption coefficients. Laws, of photoch emistry, quantum yield,

actinometry,exa mples o f low and high quan tum yields, ph otochemical equilibrium and the

differentialra te of photoch emical reactions, photosensitised reactions, quenching. Role of

photochemicalrea ction s in biochemica l processes, photosta tionary sta tes, chemiluminescen ce.

Reference Books:

• Banwell, C. N. & McC ash, E. M. Fund amentals of Molecu lar Spectroscopy 4 th Ed. Ta ta McGraw-

Hill: New Delhi (2 006).

• Chandra , A. K. Introductory Quantum Ch em istry Tata McGraw-Hill (2001 ).

• House, J. E. Fundamentals of Q uantum Ch em istry 2ndEd. Elsevier: USA (2004 ).

• Kakka r, R. Atomic & M olecular Sp ectroscopy : Concep ts & App lication s, C ambridgeU niversity

Press (2015 ).

• Low e, J. P. & Peterson, K . Quantum Ch em istry , Academic Press (2005 ).

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CORE – XII (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

UV/Visible spectroscopy

I. Study th e 2 00-500 n m absorbance spectra of KMnO4 an d K2Cr2O7 (in 0 .1 M H2SO4)a nd determine

th e λmax values. Ca lculate the en ergies of th e two tra nsition s indifferen t un its (J molecule-1 , kJ mol-

1, cm-1, eV ).

II. Study th e pH-dependen ce of th e UV-VISIBLE spectrum (200-500 n m) of K2Cr2O7.

III. Record th e 200-350 nm UV spectra of th e given compoun ds (acetone, aceta ldeh yde,2-propan ol,

acetic acid) in w ater. C omment on the effect of structure on the UVspectra of orga nic compoun ds.

Colourime try

I. V erify La mbert-Beer’s la w a nd determine the concentra tion ofC uSO4/KMnO4/K2Cr2O 7 in a

solution of unknown concentra tion

II. Determine th e concen tra tion s of KMn O4 and K 2C r2O7in a mixture.

III. S tudy the kinetic s of iodin ation of propanone in acidic medium.

IV . Determine the amount of iron presen t in a sample using 1 ,10-ph enathroline.

V. D etermine th e dissociation con stan t of an indicator (phenolphtha lein).

VI. Study the kinetic s of in teraction of crysta l violet/ ph en olph thalein w ith sodiumhydrox ide.

VII. Ana lysis of th e given vib ra tion-rotation spectrum of HCl(g )

Reference Books

• Khosla , B. D.; Garg, V. C . & Gula ti, A., Senior Practical Phy sical Ch em istry , R.Chan d & Co.: New

Delh i (2011 ).

• Garland, C . W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoema ker, D. P . Experim ents in Phy sicalCh emistry 8 th Ed.;



New York (2003).

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SEMESTER - VI

CORE – XIII (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 4)


UNIT – I

Theoretica l Principles in Qualita tive Ana lysis (H2S Scheme ) (13 Le cture s)

Basic principles involved in ana lysis of ca tions a nd an ions and solubility products, commonion

effect. Prin ciples in volv ed in separation of ca tion s into groups an d choice of groupreagen ts.

In terfering an ions (fluoride, borate, ox alate a nd phospha te) a nd n eed to removeth em after Group II.

Organometa llic Compounds-1

Definit ion an d classifica tion of organometa llic compoun ds on th e ba sis of bond type.Concept of

ha pticity of organ ic ligan ds.

UNIT - II

Organometa llic Compounds-2 (19 Le cture s)

Definit ion an d classifica tion of organometa llic compoun ds on th e ba sis of bond type.Concept of

ha pticity of organic ligands.Metal carbonyls: 18 electron rule, elec tron count of mon on uclear,

polynuclea r an d substitutedmeta l ca rbon yls of 3d series. Genera l meth ods of prepa ra tion (direct

combina tion, reductiv ecarbonyla tion, therma l and photochemical decomposition) of mon o and

binuclea r carbonylsof 3d series.Structures of mon onuclear and binuclea r carbonyls of C r, Mn, Fe, Co

an d Niusin g VBT.�-acceptor beh aviour of CO (MO dia gram of CO to be discussed), synergiceffect

an d use of IR data to expla in ex tent of ba ck bon ding.Zeise’s salt: Preparation and structure, evidences

of syn ergic effect and comparison ofsynergic effec t with th at in carbonyls.Metal Alky ls: Importa nt

structura l features of methyl lithium (tetramer) and tria lkylalumin ium (dimer), concept of

multic en tre bondin g in these compounds. Role oftr iethyla luminium in polymerisation of ethene

(Ziegler – Na tta Ca talyst). Species present in ether solution of Grigna rd reagent an d th eir structures,

Schlen k equilibrium.Ferrocene: Preparation an d rea ction s (a cetylation, a lkyla tion, meta lla tion,

Man nichCon densation). S tructure an d aroma ticity.C omparison of a romaticity and reactivity with

th atof benz en e.

UNIT - III

Reaction K inetics and Mechanism (18 Le cture s)

In troduction to inorgan ic rea ction mechanisms. Substitution reaction s in square planar

complex es,Tran s- effect, th eories of trans effect, Mechan ism of nucleophilic substitution in squa re

planarcomplexes, Thermodyna mic an d Kinetic stability, Kinetic s of octahedral substitution , Ligand

field effects and reaction ra tes, Mech an ism of substitution in octah edra l complexes.

UNIT - IV

Cata lysis by Organometallic Compounds (10 Le cture s)

Study of th e following in dustrial processes and th eir mech an ism:

1. Alkene h ydrogenation (Wilkinson s Ca ta lyst)

2. Hydroformylation (Co salts)

3. Wacker Process

4. Synthetic gasoline (Fisch er Tropsch reaction)

5. Synthesis gas by meta l carbonyl complex es

Reference Books:

• Svehla , G. Vogel's Qualitative Inorg anic Analysis, 7th Edition , Prentice Hall,1 996.

• Cotton , F.A.G.; Wilkin son & Ga us, P.L. Basic Inorg anic Chemistry 3 rd Ed.;Wiley India ,

• Huh eey, J. E.; K eiter, E.A . & Keiter, R.L. Inorg anic Chemistry, Princip les ofStructure and Reactiv ity

4th Ed ., Ha rper Collin s 1 993, Pearson,2006.

• Sharpe, A.G. Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Indian Reprint (Pea rson Educa tion ) 2005

• Douglas, B. E.; McD aniel, D.H. & A lexander, J.J. Concep ts and Mod els inInorganic Chemistry3 rd

Ed., John Wiley an d Sons, NY, 1994.

• Greenwood, N.N. & Earnsha w, A . Chemistry of th e Elements, Elsev ier 2nd Ed,1997 (Ziegler Na tta

Cata lyst an d Equilibria in Grigna rd Solution).

• Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed., John Wiley a nd son s 2008 .

• Pow ell, P . Principles of Organometallic Chemistry , Cha pman and Hall, 1988.

• Shriver, D.D. & P. A tkins, Inorg anic Ch emistry 2 nd Ed., Oxford Un iversity Press,1994 .

• Basolo, F. & Pearson, R. Mechanisms o f Ino rg anic Reactions: Study of M etalComp lexes in Solution

2nd Ed ., John Wiley & Sons In c; NY.

• Purcell, K.F. & Kotz , J.C., Inorganic Chemistry , W.B. Saun ders Co. 1977

• Miessler, G. L. & Ta rr, D.A. Inorganic Ch emistry 4th Ed ., Pea rson , 2010.

• Collman , J. P . et al. Princip les and App lications of Organotransition MetalCh emistry . Mill Va lley,

CA: University Science Books, 1 987.

• Crabtree, R. H. Th e Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Meta ls. jNewYork, NY: John

Wiley, 2000.

• Spessa rd, G. O. & Miessler, G.L. O rg anometallic Chemistry. Upper Saddle River,NJ: Pren tic e-

Hall, 1 996.

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CORE – XIII (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

Qua litative sem imicro a na lysis of mixtures containing 3 an ions a nd 3 cation s. Emphasisshould be

given to the understan ding of th e chemistry of differen t reactions. Th e follow in gradicals a re

suggested:

�� ,��

�, ��, �� , ��

�� , C H3C OO-, F -, Br-, I-, �� , ��

�� , ��, ��

��,

� ��, K+, Pb2+, Cu 2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Sn 2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Mn 2+, C o2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca 2+, Mg2+

Mix tures should preferably contain on e in terferin g anion, or insoluble compon en t (BaSO4,SrSO4,

PbSO4, CaF2 or Al2O 3) or combina tion of anions e.g. ��a nd ��

��, �� a nd ��

�,Cl- and Br-, Cl- and

I-, Br -a nd I-, �� and Br-, ��

� a nd I-.

Spot tests should be don e wh en ever possible.

i. Measurement of 10 Dq by spectroph otometric method

ii. V erification of spectroch emical series.

iii. C ontrolled syn th esis of two copper oxa late hydrate complex es: kin etic vsthermodynamic fa ctors.

iv. Prepa ra tion of acetyla ceta na to complex es of Cu2 +/Fe3+. Find th e λmax of the complex .

v. Syn th esis of ammin e complexes of Ni(II) an d its liga nd exchange reactions (e.g.bidentate ligan ds

lik e acetyla cetone, D MG, glyc in e) by substitution method.

Reference Books

• Vogel’s Qualitativ e Inorganic Analy sis, Revised by G. Svehla . Pea rson Educa tion ,2002 .

• Marr & Rockett Practical Inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons 1972.

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CORE – XIV (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – 4)


UNIT – I

Organic Spectroscopy-1 (16 Le cture s)

Gen eral princ iples Introduction to a bsorption and emission spectroscopy.

UV Spectroscopy: Types of electronic tra nsit ion s, λmax , Chromophores and

Aux ochromes,Bathoch romic and Hypsochromic sh ifts, In tensity of a bsorption ; Application of

Woodwa rdRules for ca lcula tion of λmax for the follow in g sy stems: α,β unsaturated aldehydes,

ketones,carboxylic a cids an d esters; Con juga ted dienes: alicyclic, homoannular a nd

heteroan nula r;Exten ded conjugated systems (a ldehydes, keton es and dien es); distinction between cis

an dtrans isomers.

IR Spectroscopy: Fundamental an d non-fundamental molecula r vibra tions; IR absorptionpositions of

O, N and S con ta in ing fun ctiona l groups; Effect of H-bon ding, conjugation ,resonance an d ring size

on IR absorptions; Fingerprin t reg ion an d its sign ificance; applica tionin functiona l group ana lysis.

UNIT – II

Organic Spectroscopy-2 (16 Le cture s) NMR Spectroscopy: Ba sic principles of Proton Magnetic Resona nce, chemica l shift a ndfa ctors

in fluen cing it; Spin – Spin coupling and coupling constant; Anisotropic effects in alkene, alkyne,

aldehydes an d aromatics, Interpreta tion of NMR spectra of simplecompounds.Application s of IR , UV

an d NMR for iden tification of simple organic molecules.

Dyes Classification , Colour and constitution; Mordant and Vat D yes; Chemistry of dyein g;Synthesis a nd

application s of: Az o dyes – Methyl Oran ge an d Con go Red (mechan ism ofDiazo Coupling);

Triphenyl Metha ne Dyes -Malachite Green , Rosa nilin e a nd Crystal Violet;Phtha lein Dyes –

Phenolphtha lein an d Fluorescein ; Na tural dyes –structure elucida tion an dsynth esis of A liz arin and

In digotin ; Edible Dyes with exa mples.

UNIT - III Carbohydrates (16 Le cture s)

Occurren ce, classifica tion a nd th eir biologica l importan ce.Monosa ccha rides: Constitution and

absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimersan d an omers, mutarotation , determina tion of

ring siz e of gluco se an d fructose, Ha worthprojection s a nd con formationa l structures;

In terconversion s of aldoses an d ketoses; K illiani-Fischer synthesis a nd Ruff

degradation;Disaccharides – Structure elucidation of maltose, la ctose a nd sucrose.Po lysa ccha rides –

Elementary trea tment of starch, cellulose a nd glycogen.

UNIT - IV

Polymers (12 Le cture s)

In troduction and cla ssification including di-block, tri-block a nd amphiph ilic polymers;Number

average molecular weight, Weight a vera ge molecula r weight, Degree ofpolymeriza tion,

Polydispersity Index.Polymerisation rea ctions -A ddition and conden sa tion -Mech an ism of cation ic,

an ionic andfree ra dica l a ddition polymeriz ation; Meta llocene-based Ziegler-Na tta polymerisation of

alkenes; Prepa ra tion and applica tion s of plastics – th ermosetting (phenol-

formaldehyde,Polyureth an es) a nd thermosoftening (PVC, polyth en e);Fabrics – n atural and synthetic

(a crylic, polyamido, polyester); Rubbers – na tura l andsynthetic: Buna -S , C hloroprene a nd Neoprene;

Vulcanization; Polymer additives;In troduction to liquid crysta l polymers; Biod egra dable and

conducting polymers withexamples.

Reference Books:

• Kalsi, P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New Age Interna tiona l (P)Ltd. Pub.

• Morrison , R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorlin g Kindersley (In dia)Pvt. Ltd. (Pea rson

Educa tion).

• Billmeyer, F. W. Textbook of Polym er Science, John Wiley & Sons, In c. Gowariker, V . R.;

Viswa na than , N. V. & Sreedh ar, J. Polymer Science, New AgeInterna tiona l (P) Ltd. Pub.

• Fina r, I. L. O rg anic Ch emistry (Volume 2 : Stereoch em istry and th e Ch emistry ofNatural Products),



• McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. C en ga ge Lea rn in gIndia Edition, 2013.

• Clayden , J.; Greev es, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P .; Organic Chemistry, OxfordU niversity Press.

• Singh, J.; Ali, S.M. & S ingh , J. Natural Product Chemistry, Praja ti Prakasha n(2010 ).

• Kemp, W. Organic Spectroscop y, Palgra ve.

• Pavia, D. L. et al. Introd uction to Sp ectroscopy 5 th Ed. Cenga ge Learning IndiaEd. (2015).

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CORE – XIV (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Extraction of ca ffein e from tea lea ves.

2. Preparation of sodium polya cryla te.

3. Preparation of urea formaldehyde.

4. Ana lysis of C arbohydrate: aldoses a nd ketoses, reducing and n on -reducing sugars.

5. Qualita tive a na lysis of un kn own orga nic compounds containing monofun ctionalgroups

(carbohydrates, a ryl ha lides, aromatic hydroca rbon s, nitro compoun ds, amin esan d amides) and

simple bifunctional groups, for e.g. salicylic a cid, cinn amic acid,n itrophenols, etc.

6. Iden tification of simple orga nic compounds by IR spectroscopy and NMRspectroscopy (Spectra to

be provided).

7. Preparation of meth yl oran ge.

Reference Books:

• Vogel, A.I. Quantitativ e Organic Analysis, Part 3 , Pea rson (2012).


• Furniss, B.S.; Han na ford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatch ell, A.R. Practical OrganicCh emistry, 5th Ed.,

Pearson (2012)



• Ahluwalia, V .K . & Dhin gra, S . Comp reh ensive Practical Organic Ch em istry :Qualitative Analysis,


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SYLLABUS D S E (CHEMISTRY)

SEMESTER – V D S E – I Polymer Chemistry(4 + 2)

D S E - II Industrial Chemicals And Environment(4 + 2 )

SEMESTER – VI D S E – IIIInorganic Ma te ria ls Of Industrial Importance(4 + 2 )

D S E – IV Dissertation or Project Work(6 Credits)

SEMESTER - V

DSE– I (POLYMER CHEMISTRY)

(Credits: Theory-06 , Pra ctica ls-02 ) Theory: 60 Lectures

UNIT - I

Introduction and history of polymeric ma te ria ls: (12 Le cture s)

Different schemes of classification of polymers, Polymer nomencla ture, Molecula r forces

an dch emical bondin g in polymers, Texture of Polymers.

Functionality and its importance :

Criteria for synth etic polymer forma tion , cla ssification of polymerization processes,Rela tionships

between function ality, exten t of reaction and degree of polymeriza tion.Bifunctiona lsystems, Poly-

functional systems.

UNIT - II

Kinetics of Polymerization: (14 Le cture s)

Mecha nism and kin etics of step growth, radica l chain growth, ionic cha in (both ca tionic anda nion ic)

an d coordination polymeriz ations, Mech anism a nd kin etics of copolymerization ,polymerization

tech niques.

Crysta lliza tion and crysta llinity:

Determina tion of crysta lline melting point and degree of c rysta llinity, Morphology ofcrysta lline

polymers, Fa ctors affecting crysta lline melt in g point.

Nature and structure of polymers-S tructure Property relationships.

UNIT – III (16 Le cture s)

Determina tion of molecular weight of polymers (Mn, Mw, etc) by en d group analysis,visco metry,

light scatterin g an d osmotic pressure meth ods.Molecu la r weight distribution andits sign ifica nce.

Polydispersity index .

Gla ss transition temperature (Tg) and determination of Tg , Free volume th eory, WLFequa tion,

Fa ctors a ffecting gla ss tran sit ion temperature (Tg).

UNIT – IV (18 Le cture s)

Polymer Solution – C riteria for polymer solubility, Solubility pa ra meter, Thermodynamicsof

polymer so lutions, entropy, entha lpy, and free en ergy change of mixing of polymerssolutions, Flory-

Huggins th eory, Lower a nd Upper critical solution temperatures.

Prope rties of Polymers (Ph ysical, thermal, Flow & Mech anical Properties).Brief in troduction to preparation, structure, properties and application of the follow in gpolymers: polyolefins, polystyrene

an d styren e copolymers, poly(vinyl chloride) an d relatedpolymers, poly(v inyl acetate) an d related

polymers, a crylic polymers, fluoro polymers,polyamides a nd rela ted polymers. Ph en ol

formaldehyde resin s (Bakelite, Novalac),polyuretha nes, silicone polymers,

polydien es,Polyca rbonates, Conducting Polymers, [polyacetylene, polyan iline, poly(p-

phenylenesulph ide polypyrrole, polythiophene)].

Reference Books:

R.B. Seymour & C.E. Ca rrah er: Polym er Chemistry: An Introd uction, Marcel Dekk er,In c. New York,

1981 .

G. O dian : Principles of Po lymerization , 4 th Ed. Wiley, 2004 .

F.W. Billmeyer: Textbook of Poly mer Science, 2nd Ed. Wiley Interscien ce, 1 971.

P. Ghosh : Polymer Scien ce & Tech nology, Ta ta McGraw-Hill Educa tion, 1991.

R.W. Lenz: Org anic Ch em istry of Synthetic H ig h Polymers. In tersc ience Publishers, NewYork, 1967.

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DSE – I (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

Polymer synthesis

1. Free radical solution polymeriz ation of styren e (S t) / Methyl Metha cryla te (MMA) /Meth yl

Acryla te (MA ) / Acrylic acid (A A).

a. Purification of monomer

b. Polymerization usin g benzoyl perox ide (BPO ) / 2 ,2 ’-azo-bis-isobutylonitrile(AIBN)

2. Preparation of nylon 66/6

1. Interfacia l polymeriza tion, preparation of polyester from isophtha loyl chloride (IPC )and

phenolphtha lein

a. Preparation of IPC

b. Purification of IPC

c. In terfa cia l polymeriza tion

3. Redox polymerization of a cryla mide

4. Precipita tion polymeriza tion of acrylonitrile

5. Preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin

6. Preparations of novala c resin / resold resin .

7. Microsca le Emulsion Polymeriz ation of Poly(methylacryla te).

Polymer characte rization

1. Determina tion of molecula r weight by viscometry:

(a ) Polya crylamide-aq.NaNO2 solution (b) (Poly vinyl proplylidine (PV P) in wa ter

2. D etermina tion of the viscosity-a vera ge molecular weigh t of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PV OH) and the

fraction of “h ea d-to-head” mon omer linka ges in the polymer.

3. Determina tion of molecula r weight by end group ana lysis: Poly ethylene glycol (PEG)(OH group).

4. Testing of mech anical properties of polymers.

5. Determina tion of hydrox yl number of a polymer using colorimetric method.

Polymer ana lysis

1. Estima tion of th e amoun t of HCHO in th e given solution by sodium sulph ite method

2. In strumental Tech niques

3. IR studies of polymers

4. DSC ana lysis of polymers

5. Preparation of polyacrylamide an d its electrophoresis

*a t lea st 7 experim ents to b e carried out.

Reference Books:

• M.P. S tevens, Poly mer Ch emistry : An Introduction, 3rd Ed., Ox ford University Press,1 999.

• H.R. Allcock, F.W. La mpe & J.E. Mark, Contemp orary Polymer Chemistry, 3rd ed.Pren tice-Hall

(2003)

• F.W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Poly mer Science, 3rd ed. Wiley-Interscience (1984)

• J.R. Fried, Polymer Science and Tech nology , 2 nd ed. Pren tice-Ha ll (2 003)

• P. Munk & T.M. Aminabhavi, Introd uction to Macromolecular Science, 2 nd ed. John Wiley & Sons

(2002)

• L. H. Sperling, Introduction to Phy sical Polymer Science, 4th ed. John Wiley & Son s(2005 )

• M.P. S tevens, Poly mer Ch emistry : An Introduction 3 rd ed. Oxford U niversity Press(2005 ).

• Seymour/ Ca rraher’s Polymer C hemistry, 9 th ed. by Cha rles E. Carrah er, Jr. (2013 ).

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D S E - II(INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS AND ENVIRONMENT)


UNIT - I

Industrial Gase s and Inorganic Chemicals (14 Le cture s)

Industrial G ases: Large scale production, uses, storage an d haza rds in ha ndling of thefollowing gases:

ox ygen, nitrogen, a rgon , neon , helium, hydrogen , acetylene, carbonmonoxide, ch lorin e, fluorine,

sulphur diox ide a nd phosgen e.

Inorganic Ch em icals: Ma nufacture, application, a na lysis a nd haza rds in handlin g thefollowing

ch emicals: hydrochloric acid, n itric acid, sulph uric acid, caustic soda , common salt,borax , bleaching

powder, sodium thiosulph ate, hydrogen perox ide, pota sh alum, ch romealum, pota ssium dichromate

an d pota ssium permanganate.

Industrial Metallurgy

Preparation of meta ls (ferrous a nd nonferrous) an d ultrapure metals for semiconductortechn ology.

UNIT - II

Environment and its segments -1 (15 Le cture s)

Ecosystems. Biogeoch emical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur.Air Pollution : Major regions of

atmosph ere.Ch emical and photoch emical rea ction s in atmosph ere. Air polluta nts: types, sources,

particle size a nd ch emical na ture; Photoch emicalsmog: its constituents a nd photochemistry.

Environmental effects of ozone, Ma jor sources ofair pollution.Pollution by SO 2, CO2, CO , NOx, H2S

an d other foul smellin g ga ses.Methods of est imationof CO , NOx , SOx a nd con trol procedures.Effec ts

of a ir pollution on livin g orga nisms an d vegeta tion.Greenh ouse effect a nd Globa lwa rmin g, Ozone

depletion by oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluoroca rbon s an d Halogen s, remova lof sulph ur from

coal.Con trol of pa rticula tes.

UNIT – III

Environment and its segments -2 (15 Le cture s)

Water Pollution: Hydrologica l cycle, wa ter resourc es, a qua tic ecosystems, Sources an dna ture of

water pollutan ts, Tech niques for measuring water pollution, Impa cts of wa terpollution on

hydrological and ecosystems.Water purifica tion methods. Effluent trea tment plants (prima ry,

secondary and tertia rytreatment). Industrial effluents from the following industries a nd their

treatmen t:electropla tin g, tex tile, ta nnery, dairy, petroleum an d petrochemicals, agro, fertiliz er,

etc.S ludge disposal.In dustrial waste ma na gemen t, in cineration of wa ste. Water trea tment a nd

purification(reverse o smosis, electro dialysis, ion ex change). Wa ter quality para meters for waste

water,industria l wa ter and domestic w ater.

UNIT - IV Ene rgy & Environment (16 Le cture s)

Sources of energy: Coal, petrol a nd natural ga s. Nuclear Fusion / Fission, Sola r en ergy,Hydrogen,

geotherma l, Tidal and Hydel, etc.

Nuclear Pollution: Disposa l of nuclear waste, n uclear disa ster a nd its management.

Biocatalysis

In troduction to biocatalysis: Importan ce in “Green Ch emistry” an d Chemica l Industry.

Reference Books:

• E. Stocch i: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. U K.

• R.M. Felder, R.W. Roussea u: Elementary Princip les of Chemical Pro cesses, W ileyPublish ers, New Delh i.

• J. A. Ken t: Riegel’s Hand book of Ind ustrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.

• S. S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Ch emistry , S . Chan d & Company Ltd. NewDelh i.

• K. D e, Environm ental Chemistry: New Age Interna tiona l Pvt., Ltd, New D elhi.

• S. M. Kh opka r, Environm ental Pollution A naly sis: W iley Eastern Ltd, New D elhi.

• S.E. Manahan , Environmental Chemistry, CRC Press (2005 ).

• G.T. Miller, Env ironmental Scien ce 11 th edition. Brooks/ Cole (2 006).

• A. Mishra, Environm ental Studies. Selective an d Scientific Books, N ew Delh i (2005 ).

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DSE – II (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Determina tion of disso lv ed oxygen in water.

2. Determina tion of Chemica l O xygen Demand (COD)

3. Determina tion of Biologica l Ox ygen D emand (BOD)

4. Percen ta ge of a va ila ble chlorine in bleaching powder.

5. Measuremen t of chloride, sulpha te and salinity of wa ter samples by simple titra tionmethod

(A gNO3 an d pota ssium chroma te).

6. Estimation of tota l a lkalinity of wa ter sa mples (carbona tes and bicarbonates) using double titra tionmeth od.

7. Mea surement of dissolved CO2.

8. Study of some of the common bio-in dica tors of pollution .

9. Estima tion of SPM in air sa mples.

10 . Prepa ra tion of borax/ boric acid.

Reference Books:


• R.M. Felder, R.W. Roussea u: Elementary Princip les of Chemical Pro cesses, W ileyPublish ers, New

Delh i.


• S. S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Ch emistry , S . Chan d & Company Ltd. NewDelh i.

• K. D e, Environm ental Chemistry: New Age Interna tiona l Pvt., Ltd, New D elhi.

• S. M. Kh opka r, Environm ental Pollution A naly sis: W iley Eastern Ltd, New D elhi.

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SEMESTER - VI

D S E – III (INORGANIC MATERIALS OF INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE)


UNIT - I

Silicate Industrie s (16 Le cture s) Glass: Gla ssy sta te and its properties, classifica tion (silicate an d non-silicate g la sses).Manufacture

an d processing of gla ss. Composit ion and properties of th e followin g types ofg la sses: Soda lime

glass, lead gla ss, armoured gla ss, safety glass, borosilicate glass,fluoro silicate, coloured gla ss,

photosen sit ive gla ss.

Ceramics: Importan t clays an d feldspar, ceramic, their types and manufa cture. High tech nology

cera mics a nd their a pplica tions, supercon ducting an d semiconducting ox ides,fullerenes ca rbon

na notubes an d ca rbon fibre.

Cements: C la ssification of cement, ingredien ts an d th eir role, Man ufacture of cemen t a nd thesetting

process, quick sett in g cements.

UNIT - II

Fe rtilize rs: (16 Le cture s)

Different typ es of fertiliz ers. Man ufacture of the following fertilizers: Urea , a mmon iumnitra te,

ca lcium ammonium n itrate, a mmon ium phospha tes; polyphosph ate, superphospha te,compound and

mixed fert iliz ers, pota ssium chloride, pota ssium sulph ate.

Surface Coatings:

Objectives of coatings surfaces, prelimin ary treatment of surface, classifica tion of surfacecoatin gs.Pain ts an d pigmen ts-formulation, composition an d related properties. Oil

pain t,Vehicle, modified oils, Pigments, toners an d lakes pigments, F illers, Th in ners,

Ena mels,emulsify ing agen ts. Special paints (Hea t retardant, Fire reta rdan t, Eco-friendly paint,

Plasticpa in t), Dyes, Wax polish ing, Water an d Oil paints, a dditives, Metallic coatings (electroly tica nd

electroless), metal spra ying and anodizing.

UNIT - III

Batteries: (16 Le cture s)

Primary an d secon dary batteries, battery components a nd th eir role, C hara cterist ics

ofBa ttery.Working of following batteries: Pb acid, Li-Ba ttery, Solid state electrolyte battery.Fuel cells,

Sola r cell a nd polymer cell.

Alloys:

Classification of alloy s, ferrous an d n on -ferrous alloy s, Specific properties of elemen ts in alloys.

Man ufacture of Steel (remova l of silicon deca rbonization, dema ngan ization ,desulph urization

dephosphorisation) and surface treatment (argon treatmen t, heat trea tmen t,nitrid in g, carburiz in g).

Composition an d properties of different types of steels.

UNIT - IV

Cata lysis: (12 Le cture s) Gen eral principles an d properties of ca ta lysts, h omogenous catalysis (ca ta lytic steps an dexamples)

an d h eterogen ous cata lysis (ca ta lytic steps an d exa mples) a nd th eir in dustria la pplications,

Dea ctiva tion or regenera tion of ca ta lysts.Pha se tran sfer catalysts, application of z eolites as ca ta lysts.

Chemica l explosive s:

Origin of explosive properties in organ ic compounds, preparation and explosive properties oflead

az ide, PETN, cyclon ite (RD X).Introduction to rocket propella nts.

Reference Books:


• R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Ch em ical Processes, WileyPublish ers, New

Delh i.

• W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen , D. R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics, WileyPublish ers, New

Delh i.


• P. C. Jain , M. Ja in: Eng ineering Chemistry, Dha npa t Rai & Sons, Delhi.

• R. Gopa lan, D. V enkappa yya, S . Na ga ra jan : Engineering Chemistry, VikasPublica tions, New

Delh i.

• Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publish ing House, Meerut(1 996).

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DSE – III (PRACTICALS) 30 Lectures

1. Determina tion of free acidity in ammonium sulph ate fertilizer.

2. Estima tion of Calcium in Calcium a mmonium nitra te fertilizer.

3. Estima tion of phosphoric a cid in superphospha te fert iliz er.

4. Electroless meta llic coatings on cera mic and pla stic materia l.

5. Determina tion of composition of dolomite (by complexometric titra tion).

6. Ana lysis of (Cu, Ni); (Cu, Zn ) in alloy or syn th etic samples.

7. Ana lysis of C ement.

8. Preparation of pigmen t (zinc ox ide).

Reference Books:


• R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Ch em ical Processes, WileyPublish ers, New

Delh i.

• W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen , D. R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics, WileyPublish ers, New Delh i.


• P. C. Jain , M. Ja in: Eng ineering Chemistry, Dha npa t Rai & Sons, Delhi.

• R. Gopa lan, D. V enkappa yya, S . Na ga ra jan : Engineering Chemistry, VikasPublica tions, New

Delh i.

• Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publish ing House, Meerut (1996 ).

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D S E – IV Dissertation or Project Work (6 credits)

SYLLABUS S E C (CHEMISTRY)

SEMESTER - IV

S E C Fuel Chemistry (2 Credits)

SEMESTER - IV

S E C (FUEL CHEMISTRY)

(Credits: 02) 30 Lectures

Review of en ergy sourc es (ren ewa ble a nd n on-ren ewa ble). Classification of fuels and theircalorific

va lue.

Coal:Uses of coal (fuel a nd non fuel) in various in dustries, its composition , carbonization ofcoa l. Coal

ga s, producer ga s a nd wa ter gas—composition an d uses. Fra ctiona tion of coa l tar,uses of coa l tar

ba ses ch emicals, requisites of a good metallurgica l coke, C oal ga sification (Hydro ga sifica tion and

Cata lytic gasification), Coa l liquefaction an d Solven t Refining. (8 Lecture s)

Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry:Composit ion of crude petroleum, Refin in g an ddifferen t types

of petroleum products a nd their a pplica tions.Fraction al Dist illa tion (Principle an d process), Cracking

(Therma l a nd catalytic cra ckin g),Reformin g Petroleum an d non -petroleum fuels (LPG, CNG, LNG,

bio-ga s, fuels d erivedfrom biomass), fuel from waste, synthetic fuels (gaseous a nd liquids), clean

fuels. (10 Le cture s)

Petrochemicals: Vinyl a ceta te, Propylene oxide, Isopren e, Butadiene, Toluene an d itsderiva tives

Xylene. (5Lectures)

Lubricants:Classification of lubrica nts, lubrica ting oils (con ductin g an d non -con ducting)Solid and

semisolid lubricants, synth etic lubrica nts.Properties of lubrica nts (viscosity in dex, cloud poin t, pore

poin t) an d th eir determina tion. (7 Lectures)

Reference Books:

• Stocch i, E. Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. U K (1990).

• Ja in, P .C. & Jain , M. Engineering Chemistry Dhanpat Ra i & Sons, Delhi.

• Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publish ing House, Meerut(1 996).

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SYLLABUS G E (CHEMISTRY)

SEMESTER - II

GENERIC ELECTIVE – II Inorganic Chemistry And Organic Chemistry(4 + 2)

SEMESTER - IV GENERIC ELECTIVE – II Physica lChemistry And Organic Chemistry (4 + 2 )

SEMESTER - II

GENERIC ELECTIVE – II (CHEMISTRY – 1)

(INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) Theory: 60 Lectures

(Credits: Theory-04 , Pra ctica ls-02 ) Section A: Inorganic Chemistry (30 Le cture s)

UNIT - I

Atomic Structure : (14 Le cture s)

Review of: Boh r’s theory an d its limita tion s, dua l beh aviour of matterand radia tion , de Broglie’s

relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atomspectra .Need of a new approach to

Atomic structure.What is Quantum mechan ics? Tim e in depen dent Schrodinger equa tion and

mea ning ofvarious terms in it.Sign ifica nce of ψ an d ψ2, Schrödin ger equa tion for hydrogen a tom.

Radialan d angula r pa rts of the hydrogen wavefunction s (atomic orb ita ls) a nd their va ria tions for1s,

2s, 2p, 3 s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only gra phical represen ta tion). Ra dial and angular nodesan d their

sign ificance.Radia l distr ibution function s an d the con cept of the most probabledistance with special

referen ce to 1 s an d 2s atomic orbita ls. S ignifica nce of qua ntumn umbers, orbital an gula r momen tum

an d quantum numbers ml a nd ms. Sha pes of s, p an d da tomic orbitals, noda l planes. Discovery of

spin , spin quan tum number (s) and magnetic spinquantum number (ms).Rules for fillin g electrons in

va rious orbitals, Electronic configura tions of the a toms.Sta bilityof h alf-filled and completely filled

orbitals, concept of exchan ge energy.Relative en ergies ofatomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic

configuration s.

UNIT – II

Chemica l Bonding and Molecula r Structure (16 Le cture s) Ionic Bonding:Genera l cha ra cteristic s of ionic bon ding . En ergy consideration s in ionicbonding, la ttice

en ergy a nd solva tion en ergy a nd their importan ce in the con text of stabilityan d solubility of ionic

compounds.Sta tement of Born-La ndé equa tion for calcula tion oflattice energy, Born-Ha ber cycle a nd

its applica tions, pola rizin g power an d pola riza bility.Fajan’s rules, ionic ch aracter in covalent

compounds, bond moment, dipole momen t andpercenta ge ionic character.

Covalent bonding : VB Approach: Shapes of some in orga nic molecules a nd ions on the basisof V SEPR

an d h ybridization with suita ble examples of lin ea r, tr igon al plana r, square planar,tetra hedral,

trigonal bipyramida l and octah edra l a rrangements.Concept of resona nce and reson ating structures in

va rious inorgan ic and organic compounds.MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bon ding a nd

an tibondin g MOs an d th eirch aracteristic s for s-s, s-p a nd p-p combinations of atomic orbita ls,

nonbondin g combinationof orbita ls, MO trea tment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1 st and 2nd

period s (in cludin g idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear dia tomic molecules such a s CO, NO

an dNO+. Compa rison of V B an d MO approa ch es.

Section B: Organic Chemistry- 1 (30 Le cture s)

UNIT – III Fundamenta ls of Organic Chemistry (16 Le cture s)

Physical Effects, Electron ic Displa cemen ts: Inductive E ffect, Electromeric Effect, Resona ncea nd

Hyperconjugation . Cleava ge of Bon ds: Homolysis an d Heterolysis.Structure, shape and rea ctivity of

organic molecules: Nucleoph iles a nd electrophiles.

Reactive In termedia tes: Carboca tions, Ca rban ions and free radicals.Strength of orga nic a cids and

ba ses: Compara tive study with emphasis on fa ctors affect ingpK va lues. Aroma ticity: Benz en oids and

Hückel’s rule.

Stereochemistry Con formations with respect to ethan e, butane a nd cyclohexane.In tercon version of W edgeFormula,

New mann, Sawh orse a nd Fisch er representa tion s.Concept of chirality (upto twoca rbon atoms).

Con figuration: Geometrical and Optical isomerism; En antiomerism,Diastereomerism and Meso

compounds). Threo and erythro; D an d L; cis –transnomenclature; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral

ca rbon a toms) a nd E / Z Nomencla ture (forupto two C=C systems).

UNIT - IV

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (14 Le cture s)

Fun ctional group approach for the followin g reactions (preparations & reaction s) to bestudied in

contex t to their structure.

Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons). Prep aration: C atalytic hydrogen ation, Wurtz reaction, K olbe’ssyn th esis,

from Grign ard reagen t. Reactions: Free ra dica l Substitution : Halogen ation.

Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Elimina tion rea ctions: Deh ydra tion of a lken es

an ddehydrohalogenation of a lkyl halides (Saytzeff’s ru le); cis alken es (Partial

ca ta lytichydrogen ation) an d tra ns a lken es (B irch reduction). Reactions: c is-addition (a lk. K MnO4 )a nd

tran s-a ddition (bromine), A ddition of HX (Markownikoff’s an d a nti-Ma rkown ikoff’sa ddition),

Hydra tion, Ozonolysis, oxymecuration-demercuration , Hydroboration-ox idation .

Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 an d conversion into high eralkynes; by

dehalogenation of tetra ha lides and dehydroha logena tion of vicina l-dih alides.Reactions: forma tion of

metal acetylides, a ddition of bromine a nd alkaline KMn O4,ozonolysis an d oxidation with h ot alka lin e. KMnO4.

Reference Books:

• Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry ELBS, 1991 .

• Cotton , F.A., Wilkin son, G. & Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Ch emistry , 3 rd ed., Wiley.

• Douglas, B.E., McDan iel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Son s.

• Huh eey, J.E., K eiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L. & Medhi, O.K. Inorg anic Ch emistry : Principles of Stru cture

and Reactiv ity , Pea rson Educa tion India, 2006 .

• Graha m Solomon , T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & D nyder, S .A. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons (2014).

• McMurry, J.E. Fund amentals of O rg anic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Cenga ge Lea rn ing India Edition,

2013 .

• Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mech anism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Lon gma n, New D elhi (1988).

• Eliel, E.L. Stereo ch em istry of Carbon Comp ound s, Ta ta McGraw Hill education, 2000 .

• Fina r, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.

• Morrison , R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pea rson, 2010.

• Bahl, A. & Ba hl, B.S . Adv anced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

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GE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 30 Lectures

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry - Volumetric Analysis 1. Estima tion of sodium ca rbonate and sodium hydrogen carbona te presen t in a mixture.

2. Estima tion of oxa lic acid by titrating it with KMnO4 .

3. Estima tion of water of crysta lliz ation in Moh r’s sa lt by t itra ting with KMnO4 .

4. Estima tion of Fe (II) ions by t itrating it with K2 Cr2O7 using interna l in dica tor.

5. Estima tion of C u (II) ions iodometrica lly usin g Na2S2O3 .

Section B: Organic Chemistry 1. D etection of extra elemen ts (N, S , Cl, Br, I) in organ ic compounds (con ta ining upto twoextra

elem ents)

2. Separa tion of mix tures by Ch romatograph y: Mea sure th e Rf va lue in ea ch ca se(combina tion of two

compounds to be given)

(a ) Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of two amin o acids (glyc ine,a spartic

acid, glutamic a cid, tyrosin e or an y other a mino a cid) by paper ch romatogra ph y

(b) Identify a nd separa te th e suga rs presen t in the given mixture by paper ch romatograph y.

Reference Books:

• Svehla , G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorg anic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012 .

• Men dha m, J. Vogel’s Quantita tiv e Ch em ical Analysis, Pearson, 2009 .

• Vogel, A .I., Tatch ell, A.R., Furnis, B.S ., Hanna ford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Tex tbookof Pra ctical

Org anic Ch em istry , Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996 .

• Man n, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Lon gman, 1960 .

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SEMESTER - IV

GENERIC ELECTIVE – II (CHEMISTRY – 2)

(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) Theory: 60 Lectures

(Credits: Theory-04 , Pra ctica ls-02 ) Section A: Physical Chemistry (30 Le cture s)

UNIT - I

Chemica l Energe tics (16 Le cture s)

Review of th ermodynamics an d the Laws of Thermodynamics. Importa nt principles and definit ions

of thermochemistry.Con cept of sta ndard state a ndstan dard entha lpies of formations, integral a nd

differential entha lpies of solution and dilution.Calculation of bond energy, bond dissoc ia tion en ergy

an d resonance energy fromth ermochemica l data.Va riation of entha lpy of a rea ction w ith temperature

– Kirchh off’sequation .Statement of Th ird Law of th ermodynamics an d calculation of a bsolute

en tropies ofsubsta nces.

Chemica l Equilibrium:

Free en ergy ch an ge in a chemica l rea ction .Thermodyna mic derivation of th e law of

ch emicalequilibrium.Distin ction betw een ∆G a nd ∆G o, Le C ha telier’s prin ciple.

Rela tionshipsbetween Kp, Kc an d Kx for reactions in volvin g ideal ga ses.

UNIT - II

Ionic Equilibria: (14 Le cture s)

Strong, modera te and w ea k electro lytes, degree of ioniza tion , factors affect in g degree ofioniza tion,

ioniza tion constant and ion ic product of water. Ioniza tion of wea k a cids and bases,pH sca le, co mmon

ion effect.Salt h ydroly sis-calculation of h ydrolysis con stan t, degree ofhydrolysis an d pH for different sa lts.Buffer solution s.Solubility a nd solubility product ofspa rin gly soluble salts – application s of

solubility product prin ciple.

Section B: Organic Chemistry (30 Le cture s)

UNIT – III (14 Le cture s) Fun ctional group approach for the followin g reactions (preparations & reaction s) to bestudied in

contex t to their structure.

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Prep aration (C ase benz en e): from ph en ol, by deca rbox yla tion , from acetylene, from benz en esulph onic

acid.Reactions: (Ca se benz ene): Electroph ilic substitution : n itration, ha logena tion andsulphona tion.

Friedel-C ra ft’s rea ction (alkyla tion an d acylation ) (upto 4 carbons on benzene).Side ch ain ox idation

of alkyl benz en es (upto 4 carbons on benzene).

Alkyl and Aryl Halides

Alkyl Halides (Upto 5 Carbons) Types of Nucleoph ilic Substitution (SN1, SN2 an d SNi)rea ction s.

Preparation:from a lkenes and a lcohols.Reactions:hydrolysis, n itrite & nitro formation , nitrile &

ison itrile forma tion. Willia mson’sether syn th esis: Elimin ation vs substitution .

Aryl Ha lides Prep aration: (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene case): from phenol, Sandmeyer&

Gattermann rea ctions.Reactions (Chlorobenz ene): Aromatic nucleoph ilic sub stitution (replacement by –

OH group)an d effect of nitro sub stituen t. Benzyne Mechan ism: KNH2/NH3 (or

NaNH2/NH3).Reactivity and Relative strength of C-Ha logen bond in alkyl, a llyl, benzyl, vin yl a nd

arylha lides.

UNIT - IV

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Upto 5 Carbons) (16 Le cture s)

Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1 о, 2о a nd 3о alcohols: using Grign ard reagen t, Esterhydrolysis,

Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, ca rbox ylic acid and esters.Reactions: W ith sodium, HX (Luca s test),

esterifica tion, ox ida tion (with PCl3, a lk. KMn O4,a cidic dichroma te, con c. HNO3). Oppeneauer

ox idation Diols: (Upto 6 Ca rbon s) ox idation ofdiols. Pina col-Pinacolon e rea rrangemen t.

Phenols: (Ph en ol ca se) Preparation: Cumen e hydroperoxide meth od, from d ia zonium salts.Reactions:

Electrophilic substitution: Nitra tion, halogenation and sulph onation. ReimerTiema nn Reaction,

Gattermann-Koch Rea ction , Houben–Hoesch C on den sation, Schotten –Baumann Reaction .

Ethe rs (a liphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI.

Aldehydes and ke tones (aliphatic and a romatic): (Forma ldeh ye, a cetaldehyde, a cetone

an dbenzaldehyde)Preparation: from acid chlorides an d from n itriles.Reactions – Reaction with HCN,

ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-G derivatives. Iodoform test.AldolCon densation, Cannizza ro’s reaction, Witt ig

reaction, Benz oin condensation .C lemensenreduction and Wolff K ishn er reduction .Meerwein-

Pon dorff V erley reduction.

Reference Books:

• Graha m Solomon , T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dn yder, S .A. Organic Ch em istry , JohnWiley & Sons

(2014).


• Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mech anism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Lon gma n, New Delhi (1988 ).

• Fina r, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.

• Morrison , R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pea rson, 2010.

• Bahl, A. & Ba hl, B.S . Adv anced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

• Barrow, G.M. Phy sical Ch emistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007 ).

• Castellan , G.W. Phy sical Ch emistry 4 th Ed. Na rosa (2004).

• Kotz, J.C ., Treichel, P.M. & Town send, J.R. General Ch em istry Cen ga ge Lea rn ingIndia Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi (2 009).

• Mahan, B.H. Univ ersity Chemistry 3rd Ed. Na rosa (1998).

• Petrucci, R.H. G eneral Ch em istry 5 th Ed. Ma cmilla n Publish in g Co.: New York(1985).

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GE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 30 Lectures

Section A: Physical Chemistry Thermochemistry

1. Determina tion of heat capa city of ca lorimeter for different volumes.

2. Determina tion of en thalpy of neutra liz ation of hydrochloric acid with sodiumh ydroxide.

3. Determina tion of en thalpy of ioniza tion of acetic acid.

4. Determina tion of integra l entha lpy of solution of sa lts (K NO3, NH4Cl).

5. Determina tion of en thalpy of hydra tion of copper sulphate.

6. Study of th e solubility of ben zoic acid in water an d determin ation of ∆H .

Ionic equilibria pH mea surements: Measuremen t of pH of different solution s like aera ted drin ks, fruit ju ices,

sh ampoos an dsoa ps (use dilute solutions of soa ps and shampoos to preven t da mage to th e gla ss

electrode)u sing pH-meter.

a) Prepa ration of buffer solutions: (i) Sodium acetate-a cetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydrox ide

Mea surement of the pH of buffer solutions and compa rison of the values with theoretica lvalues.

Section B: Organic Chemistry 1. Purification of organic compounds by crystalliz ation (from w ater and alcohol) an ddist illation.

2. Criteria of Purity: Determina tion of melting a nd boilin g poin ts.

3. Preparations: Mechanism of va rious reaction s involved to be discussed.

Recrysta llisation, determin ation of melting point and ca lcula tion of quantitative yieldsto be done.

(a ) Bromination of Phenol/Anilin e

(b) Ben zoylation of amin es/phenols

(c) O xime a nd 2 ,4 -dinitrophenylh ydrazone of a ldeh yde/ketone

Reference Books

• Vogel, A .I., Tatch ell, A.R., Furnis, B.S ., Hanna ford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Tex tbookof Pra ctical

Org anic Ch em istry , Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996 .

• Man n, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Lon gman, 1960 .


Delh i (2011 ).

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