Science 9 Unit A Biological Diversity Section1 Lesson1

Science 9Science 9

Unit A: Unit A: Biological DiversityBiological Diversity

Science InAction Science InAction

Section 1: Page 8-25Section 1: Page 8-25

Lesson #1Lesson #1Learner OutcomeLearner Outcome

I can observe variation in I can observe variation in living things, and describe living things, and describe examples of variation among examples of variation among species and within speciesspecies and within species

Grade 7 ReviewGrade 7 ReviewAll living things are:

1. made up of cells2. need energy3. grow and develop4. reproduce and have adaptations5. which suit them to the specific

habitat in which they live.

Describe the Variety of Describe the Variety of Biological Species on Earth.Biological Species on Earth. A A SpeciesSpecies is a is a

particular group of particular group of organisms that organisms that have the same have the same structure and can structure and can reproduce with reproduce with each other.each other.

1.5 million 1.5 million species species of animals of animals identifiedidentified

350 000 350 000 species of species of plants.plants.

Most successful is Most successful is the the insectinsect

What is Biological What is Biological Diversity?Diversity?

… … it is the it is the varietyvariety of of speciesspecies and and ecosystemsecosystems on on the Earth and the the Earth and the ecological ecological processes of they processes of they are a part of.are a part of.

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What are the main What are the main components of Biological components of Biological

Diversity?Diversity?

1. Diversity Between Ecosystems1. Diversity Between Ecosystems

BioticBiotic and and Abiotic Abiotic organisms organisms interactinginteracting


Diversity?Diversity?2. Diversity Within 2. Diversity Within

EcosystemsEcosystems

CommunitiesCommunities – – different species living different species living in the same area.in the same area.

PopulationsPopulations – members – members of the same species of the same species that live in a specific that live in a specific area and share the area and share the same resources.same resources.


Diversity?Diversity?3. Diversity within species.3. Diversity within species. Individuals Individuals withinwithin the species. the species.

Genetic differences Genetic differences at the cellular at the cellular level.level.


Diversity?Diversity?4. Species 4. Species

DistributionDistribution

Not distributed Not distributed evenlyevenly

Less Less biological diversity as you move closer as you move closer to the to the polespoles..

What is What is VariationVariation?? VariabilityVariability within a within a

species population.species population.

Brown Hair vs. Blond Brown Hair vs. Blond HairHair

Blue eyes vs. Green Blue eyes vs. Green eyes.eyes.

Examples of variability in the animal kingdom include:

Red fox (color of coat) Antibiotic resistance

(bacteria) Banded snail (color of

shell)

What are What are Niches?Niches? Niche Niche is the is the role of an role of an

organismorganism within a within a particular ecosystem. particular ecosystem. Includes:Includes:

1. What it eats.1. What it eats.2. What eats it.2. What eats it.3. Its habitat.3. Its habitat.4. Nesting site, range and 4. Nesting site, range and

habits.habits.5. What effect it has on the 5. What effect it has on the

other populations.other populations.6. What effect it has on the 6. What effect it has on the

environment.environment.

Biological Diversity Biological Diversity ClassificationClassification

The two-name Latin naming system for all living things was developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century.

Enables scientists, around the world, to refer to the same species, by the same name.

Two words identify each organism.

The 1st represents the organisms genus and the 2nd represents the organisms particular species.

Biological Diversity Biological Diversity ClassificationClassification

AnimaliaAnimalia – animals, – animals, PlantaePlantae – plants, – plants, FungiFungi – yeasts and moulds, – yeasts and moulds, ProtistaProtista – single – single

cells, cells, MoneraMonera - bacteria - bacteria

Classification Classification ExamplesExamples

Common Name

Species Name

(includes Genus/

Species)

Genus Family Order ClassPhylum

(Division)Kingdom

HumansHomo

sapiensHomo

Hominidae

PrimatesMammali

a

Chordata Animalia

Rhesus monkey

Macaca mulatta

MacacaCercopith

ecidae

Leopard frog

Rana pipiens

Rana Ranidae Anura Amphibia

Wood frog

Rana sylvatica

Species ComparisonsSpecies Comparisons

Sample Multiple Choice Sample Multiple Choice QuestionQuestion

OrganismOrganism ClassClass GenusGenus PhylumPhylum SpeciesSpecies

11 MammaliaMammalia CastorCastor canadensicanadensiss

22 MammaliaMammalia CanisCanis ChordataChordata LatransLatrans

33 LutraLutra ChordataChordata CanadensiCanadensiss

44 CanisCanis lupuslupus

Which of the following organisms are most similar?

a. 1 and 2

b. 2 and 4

c. 2 and 3

d. 1 and 3

Q1


The Linnaean classification system is a The Linnaean classification system is a “two-name”“two-name” system. The two system. The two names every species have are anames every species have are a

a.a. Family name and a given nameFamily name and a given name

b.b. Scientific name and a common nameScientific name and a common name

c.c. Genus name and a species nameGenus name and a species name

d.d. Kingdom name and an order nameKingdom name and an order name

Q2


Sea hares have a special ink-producing gland. They Sea hares have a special ink-producing gland. They use this gland to spread purple ink in the water use this gland to spread purple ink in the water because itbecause it

a.a. Is an important secretion of their bodyIs an important secretion of their body

b.b. Is and excretory productIs and excretory product

c.c. Helps to confuse predators so it can escapeHelps to confuse predators so it can escape

d.d. Gives a purple colour to its bodyGives a purple colour to its body

Moles dig burrows and are called fussorial while Moles dig burrows and are called fussorial while deer or stag run very fast and are called cursorial. deer or stag run very fast and are called cursorial. Some species change their features and Some species change their features and camouflage, while other develop special camouflage, while other develop special protective structures.protective structures.

Q3

Answers to Sample Multiple Answers to Sample Multiple Choice QuestionsChoice Questions

1.1. BB2.2. CC3.3. CC

Did you …Did you …

… … observe variation in observe variation in living things, and living things, and describe examples of describe examples of variation among variation among species and within species and within species?species?

Science 9 Unit A Biological Diversity Section1 Lesson1

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